TEDGlobal 2009
Eric Giler: A demo of wireless electricity
Eric Giler demonstrira bežični elektricitet
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Eric Giler želi raspetljati naše žičane živote sa bežičnom električnom energijom. On ovdje predstavlja šta ova naučno fantastična tehnologija nudi, i demonstrira izvanrednu verziju MIT-a, WiTricity - izum dostupan tržištu koji će možda uskoro puniti vaš mobitel, auto, pejsmejker.
Eric Giler - Wireless electrician
As the CEO of MIT-inspired WiTricity, Eric Giler has a plan to beam electric power through the air to wirelessly power your laptop or recharge your car. You may never plug in again. Full bio
As the CEO of MIT-inspired WiTricity, Eric Giler has a plan to beam electric power through the air to wirelessly power your laptop or recharge your car. You may never plug in again. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:12
Early visions of wireless power
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Rane vizije bežičnog prenosa energije
00:16
actually were thought of by Nikola Tesla
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osmislio je zapravo Nikola Tesla
00:19
basically about 100 years ago.
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otprilike prije 100-nu godina.
00:21
The thought that
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Pomisao da
00:23
you wouldn't want to transfer electric power wirelessly,
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netko želi prenositi električnu energiju bežičnim putem
00:26
no one ever thought of that.
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se nije mogla dokučiti.
00:28
They thought, "Who would use it if you didn't?"
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Razmišljali su tada na način, "Kakve koristi imamo ako je bežična?"
00:30
And so, in fact, he actually set about
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I tako, zapravo, on se zaista bavio
00:33
doing a variety of things.
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različitim stvarima.
00:35
Built the Tesla coil. This tower was built
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Izgradio je Teslin transformator. Ovaj toranj je izrađen
00:37
on Long Island back at the beginning of the 1900s.
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na Long Islandu početkom 1900-tih godina.
00:41
And the idea was, it was supposed to be able to transfer power
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I zamisao je bila, navodno imao je mogućnost da prenosi energiju
00:43
anywhere on Earth.
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na bilo koje mjesto na zemlji.
00:45
We'll never know if this stuff worked. Actually, I think the
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Nikada nećemo saznati da li je ovo proradilo. Zapravo, mislim da ga je
00:47
Federal Bureau of Investigation
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Federalni istražni ured (FBI)
00:49
took it down for security purposes,
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razmontirao iz sigurnosnih razloga,
00:51
sometime in the early 1900s.
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negdje ranih 1900-ih godina.
00:54
But the one thing that did come out of electricity
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Ali jedna stvar koja je proizašla iz struje
00:56
is that we love this stuff so much.
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jeste da je toliko volimo.
00:58
I mean, think about how much we love this.
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Mislim, razmislite o tome koliko je volimo.
01:00
If you just walk outside, there are trillions of dollars
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Ako samo prošetate vani, milijarde dolara
01:04
that have been invested in infrastructure around the world,
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uloženo je u infrastrukturu širom svijeta,
01:06
putting up wires to get power from where it's created
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na razvođenje žica, na dopremanje struje od izvora
01:09
to where it's used.
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do mjesta gdje će se koristiti.
01:11
The other thing is, we love batteries.
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Druga stvar jeste da volimo baterije.
01:14
And for those of us that have an environmental element to us,
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I za neke od nas kojima znači okoliš
01:18
there is something like 40 billion
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oko 40 milijardi
01:20
disposable batteries built every year
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baterija za jednokratnu upotrebu proizvede se svake godine.
01:22
for power that, generally speaking,
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Za energiju koja, općenito govoreći,
01:24
is used within a few inches or a few feet
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se koristi u krugu od nekoliko inča ili stopa
01:27
of where there is very inexpensive power.
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od mjesta gdje je dostupna dosta jeftinija energija.
01:29
So, before I got here,
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Prije nego sam došao do toga,
01:32
I thought, "You know, I am from North America.
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pomislio sam, "Znate, ja sam iz Sjeverne Amerike.
01:34
We do have a little bit of a reputation in the United States."
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Mi imamo neku vrstu reputacije u SAD-u."
01:37
So I thought I'd better look it up first.
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Zatim sam pomislio da mi je bolje da prvo istražim.
01:39
So definition number six is the North American
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Tako da je definicija broj šest sjeverno-američka
01:42
definition of the word "suck."
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definicija riječi neprikladan.
01:45
Wires suck, they really do.
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Žice su zaista neprikladne.
01:47
Think about it. Whether that's you in that picture
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Razmislite o tome. Bilo da ste vi dio toga
01:50
or something under your desk.
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ili nešto ispod vašeg stola.
01:52
The other thing is, batteries suck too.
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Druga stvar jeste da su baterije također neprikladne.
01:55
And they really, really do.
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I zaista je tako.
01:57
Do you ever wonder what happens to this stuff?
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Da li ste se ikad zapitali šta se desi sa njima?
01:59
40 billion of these things built.
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proizvodi se 40 milijardi ovih stvari.
02:01
This is what happens.
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Desi se sljedeće.
02:03
They fall apart, they disintegrate,
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One se raspadnu, razjedine,
02:05
and they end up here.
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i završe ovdje.
02:07
So when you talk about expensive power,
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Tako da kada pričate o skupoj energiji,
02:10
the cost per kilowatt-hour
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za nešto što se snabdijeva energijom iz baterije.
02:14
to supply battery power to something
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cijena po jednom kilovatsatu
02:16
is on the order of two to three hundred pounds.
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košta od 200 do 300 £.
02:19
Think about that.
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Razmislite o tome.
02:21
The most expensive grid power in the world
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Najskuplja dalekovodna električna mreža na svijetu
02:23
is thousandths of that.
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košta hiljaditi dio toga.
02:26
So fortunately, one of the other definitions
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Na sreću, jedna od drugih definicija
02:29
of "suck" that was in there, it does create a vacuum.
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ove riječi jeste stvaranje vakuuma.
02:32
And nature really does abhor a vacuum.
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I priroda zaista odbija vakuum.
02:35
What happened back a few years ago
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Ono šta se dogodilo prije nekoliko godina
02:37
was a group of theoretical physicists at MIT
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jeste da je grupa teoretskih fizičara na MIT (Tehnološki institut, Massachussets)
02:41
actually came up with this concept of transferring power over distance.
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zaista izmislila ovaj koncept prenošenja energije na daljinu.
02:45
Basically they were able to light a 60 watt light bulb
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Ustvari, uspjeli su upaliti žarulju od 60 vati
02:49
at a distance of about two meters.
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na udaljenosti od dva metra.
02:51
It got about 50 percent of the efficiency --
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Smatrali su da je to bilo 50 posto efikasnosti.
02:54
by the way, that's still a couple thousand times
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Usput govoreći, to je još uvijek nekoliko hiljada puta
02:56
more efficient than a battery would be, to do the same thing.
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efikasnije od baterije, a postigne se isti rezultat.
02:59
But were able to light that,
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Ali oni su to mogli upaliti,
03:01
and do it very successfully.
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i to veoma uspješno.
03:03
This was actually the experiment. So you can see
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Ovo je zapravo bio eksperiment. Tako da možete vidjeti
03:05
the coils were somewhat larger.
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da su navoji bili nešto veći.
03:08
The light bulb was a fairly simple task, from their standpoint.
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Žarulja je bila prilično jednostavan zadatak, sa njihove tačke gledišta.
03:11
This all came from a professor
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Ovo je sve poteklo od profesora
03:14
waking up at night to the third night in a row
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koji se budio u noći, već treću noć zaredom
03:16
that his wife's cellphone was beeping
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jer je mobitel njegove žene signalizirao
03:18
because it was running out of battery power.
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da mu ponestaje baterije.
03:21
And he was thinking, "With all the electricity that's out there in the walls,
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I pomislio je, "Uz toliko električne energije u zidovima,
03:25
why couldn't some of that just come into the phone so I could get some sleep?"
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zašto jedan dio energije ne bi mogao doći do telefona kako bi se ja mogao naspavati?"
03:28
And he actually came up with this concept
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I zaista je došao do ovakvog koncepta
03:30
of resonant energy transfer.
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rezonantog prenošenja električne energije.
03:32
But inside a standard transformer are two coils of wire.
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Ali unutar standardnog transformatora nalaze se dva navoja žice.
03:36
And those two coils of wire are really, really close to each other,
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I ta dva navoja žice su bila veoma blizu,
03:39
and actually do transfer power
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i oni zapravo prenose energiju --
03:43
magnetically and wirelessly, only over a very short distance.
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magnetski i bežično, samo na kratku udaljenost.
03:46
What Dr. Soljacic figured out how to do
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Ono šta je Dr. Soljačić smislio jeste da
03:49
was separate the coils in a transformer
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odvoji navoje u transformatoru
03:52
to a greater distance than the size of those transformers
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na veću udaljenost od udaljenosti u transformatoru
03:56
using this technology, which is not dissimilar
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korištenjem ove tehnologije, što nije različito
03:58
from the way an opera singer shatters a glass on the other side of the room.
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od načina na koji operski pjevač razbije čašu na drugoj strani sobe.
04:02
It's a resonant phenomenon
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I to je fenomen rezonancije
04:04
for which he actually received a MacArthur Fellowship Award,
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za kojeg je zapravo dobio MacArthur Fellowship nagradu,
04:07
which is nicknamed the Genius Award,
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ili tzv. Genius Award nagradu,
04:09
last September, for his discovery.
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prošlog septembra za njegovo otkriće.
04:12
So how does it work?
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I kako to radi?
04:14
Imagine a coil. For those of you that are engineers,
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Zamislite navoj. Za one od vas koji su inžinjeri,
04:17
there's a capacitor attached to it too.
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tu postoji kondenzator i koji je spojen na navoj.
04:19
And if you can cause that coil to resonate,
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I ako možete izazvati rezonanciju navoja,
04:22
what will happen is it will pulse
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ono šta će se desiti jeste da će pulsirati,
04:24
at alternating current frequencies --
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na izmjenjivim strujnim frekvencijama,
04:26
at a fairly high frequency, by the way.
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na prilično visokoj frekvenciji, usput da spomenem.
04:29
And if you can bring another device
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I ako možete približiti drugi uređaj
04:33
close enough to the source,
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dovoljno blizu tom izvoru
04:35
that will only work at exactly that frequency,
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koji radi na identičnoj frekvenciji,
04:38
you can actually get them to do what's called strongly couple,
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zapravo ih možete dovesti u stanje koje se naziva "čvrsti par",
04:42
and transfer magnetic energy between them.
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i prenijeti magnetnu energiju između njih.
04:46
And then what you do is, you start out with electricity,
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I zatim ono što radite je, počinjete sa električnom energijom,
04:48
turn it into magnetic field, take that magnetic field,
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pretvarate je u magnetno polje, koristite to magnetno polje,
04:50
turn it back into electricity,
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i pretvarate ga ponovo u električnu energiju.
04:52
and then you can use it.
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I tada je možete koristiti.
04:55
Number one question I get asked.
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Prvo pitanje koje mi postavljaju.
04:57
I mean, people are worried about cellphones being safe.
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Mislim, ljudi su zabrinuti zbog štetnosti mobitela.
04:59
You know. What about safety?
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Znate. Šta u vezi sa štetnošću?
05:01
The first thing is this is not a "radiative" technology.
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Prva stvar jeste da to nije tehnologija koja zrači.
05:03
It doesn't radiate.
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Ona ne zrači.
05:05
There aren't electric fields here. It's a magnetic field.
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Ovdje se ne radi o električnom polju. Ovo je magnetno polje.
05:08
It stays within either what we call the source,
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Ono uvijek ostaje u unutrašnjosti, ili u onome što zovemo izvor,
05:10
or within the device.
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ili unutar uređaja.
05:12
And actually, the magnetic fields we're using
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I zapravo, magnetna polja koja koristimo
05:14
are basically about the same as the Earth's magnetic field.
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su zapravo ista kao i zemljino magnetno polje.
05:17
We live in a magnetic field.
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Živimo u magnetnom polju.
05:19
And the other thing that's pretty cool about the technology is
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I druga super stvar kod ove tehnologije jeste
05:22
that it only transfers energy to things that work at exactly the same frequency.
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da ona samo prenosi energiju na stvari koje rade upravo na istoj frekvenciji.
05:26
And it's virtually impossible in nature to make that happen.
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a što je u prirodi skoro nemoguće postići.
05:30
Then finally we have governmental bodies everywhere
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I na kraju, svugdje imamo vladine organe
05:32
that will regulate everything we do.
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koji će regulirati sve ono što radimo.
05:34
They've pretty much set field exposure limits,
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I oni su uveliko postavili ograničenja izloženosti takvim poljima
05:36
which all of the things in the stuff I'll show you today
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a sve stvari što ću vam danas pokazati,
05:38
sort of sit underneath those guidelines.
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na neki način nalaze se ispod vrijednosti tih smjernica.
05:41
Mobile electronics.
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Mobilna elektronika.
05:43
Home electronics.
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Kućna elektronika
05:45
Those cords under your desk, I bet everybody here
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Te žice ispod vašeg stola, kladim se da svi ovdje
05:47
has something that looks like that or those batteries.
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imaju nešto što izgleda poput ovoga, ili onih baterija.
05:50
There are industrial applications.
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Postoje primjene u industriji.
05:52
And then finally, electric vehicles.
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I konačno, električna vozila.
05:54
These electric cars are beautiful.
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Ova električna vozila su prelijepa.
05:56
But who is going to want to plug them in?
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Ali ko će htjeti da ih puni?
05:59
Imagine driving into your garage -- we've built a system to do this --
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Zamislite da ulazite u garažu –- napravili smo sistem za ovo --
06:02
you drive into your garage, and the car charges itself,
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ulazite u garažu, i auto se samo puni.
06:06
because there is a mat on the floor that's plugged into the wall.
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Jer postoji prostirka na podu koja je uključena u zid.
06:09
And it actually causes your car to charge safely and efficiently.
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I zapravo omogućava da se vaše auto napuni na siguran i efikasan način.
06:13
Then there's all kinds of other applications. Implanted medical devices,
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Zatim postoje razne vrste drugih primjena. Ugrađeni medicinski uređaji.
06:16
where people don't have to die of infections anymore
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Gdje ljudi više neće morati umirati zbog infekcija
06:18
if you can seal the thing up.
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ako uređaj možete potpuno zatvoriti.
06:20
Credit cards, robot vacuum cleaners.
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Kreditne kartice, robotizirani usisivači.
06:22
So what I'd like to do is take a couple minutes
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Ono što bih želio uraditi jeste da iskoristim nekoliko minuta
06:24
and show you, actually, how it works.
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i da vam pokažem kako to zapravo funkcioniše.
06:28
And what I'm going to do is to show you pretty much what's here.
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I ono što namjeravam uraditi jeste da vam pokažem otprilike o čemu se radi.
06:33
You've got a coil.
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Imate navoj.
06:36
That coil is connected to an R.F. amplifier
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Taj navoj je povezan sa R.F. pojačalom
06:39
that creates a high-frequency oscillating magnetic field.
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koje stvara oscilirajuće magnetno polje visoke frekvencije.
06:43
We put one on the back of the television set.
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Jedan postavimo na zadnji dio televizora.
06:45
By the way, I do make it look a little bit easier than it is.
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Usput, ovo sada izgleda malo pojednostavljeno nego što to zaista jeste.
06:48
There's lots of electronics and secret sauce
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Postoji tu dosta elektronike i tajni sastojak
06:50
and all kinds of intellectual property that go into it.
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i razne vrste intelektualne imovine koja je dio toga.
06:55
But then what's going to happen is, it will create a field.
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Ali ono što će se dogoditi jeste, stvoriće se polje,
06:58
It will cause one to get created
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što će izazvati stvaranje još jednog polja,
07:00
on the other side.
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na drugoj strani.
07:03
And if the demo gods are willing,
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I ako mi "bogovi prezentacije" dozvole,
07:05
in about 10 seconds or so we should see it.
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za oko deset sekundi bi to trebali i vidjeti.
07:07
The 10 seconds actually are because we --
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Zapravo 10 sekundi jer mi --
07:09
I don't know if any of you have ever thought about plugging a T.V. in
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Ne znam da li je neko od vas ikada pomislio da uključi televizor
07:12
when you use just a cord.
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kada koristite obično strujno kablo.
07:14
Generally, you have to go over and hit the button. So I thought
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Uglavnom morate prići uređaju i pritisnuti prekidač. Zato sam pomislio
07:16
we put a little computer in it that has to wake up
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da unutra ugradimo mali kompjuter
07:18
to tell it to do that.
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koji mora reagovati i reći mu da to uradi.
07:26
So, I'll plug that in.
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Tako da ću to uključiti.
07:28
It creates a magnetic field here.
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Ovdje stvara magnetno polje.
07:31
It causes one to be created out here.
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Izaziva stvaranje polja na drugom mjestu.
07:33
And as I said, in sort of about 10 seconds
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I, kako sam rekao, za 10 sekundi
07:36
we should start to see ...
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trebali bismo vidjeti ...
07:40
This is a commercially --
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Ovo je komercijalno --
07:42
(Applause)
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(Aplauz)
07:49
available color television set.
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komercijalno dostupan televizor u boji.
07:52
Imagine, you get one of these things. You want to hang them on the wall.
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Zamislite da nabavite nešto ovako i želite to okačiti o zid.™
07:54
How many people want to hang them on the wall?
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Koliko ljudi želi da ih objesi na zid?
07:56
Think about it. You don't want those ugly cords coming down.
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Razmislite o tome. Ne želite gledati ružne kablove kako vise.
07:58
Imagine if you can get rid of it.
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Zamislite da ih se možete riješiti.
08:00
The other thing I wanted to talk about was safety.
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Druga stvar o kojoj sam želio govoriti jeste bezbjednost.
08:02
So, there is nothing going on. I'm okay.
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Prema tome, ništa se loše ne dešava, dobro sam.
08:06
And I'll do it again, just for safety's sake.
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I ponoviću ovo, samo zbog bezbjednosti.
08:08
Almost immediately, though, people ask,
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I u skoro u istom trenu, ljudi će pitati
08:11
"How small can you make this? Can you make this small enough?"
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"Koliko ovo možete smanjiti? Možete li ovo dovoljno smanjiti?"
08:14
Because remember Dr. Soljacic's original idea
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jer je originalna ideja Dr. Soljačića
08:18
was his wife's cellphone beeping.
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bilo spriječiti zvonjenje supruginog mobitela.
08:20
So, I wanted to show you something.
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Tako da sam htio da vam nešto pokažem.
08:23
We're an equal opportunity designer of this sort of thing.
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Mi smo dizajneri sa jednakom šansom za ovu vrstu stvari.
08:25
This a Google G1.
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Ovo je Google G1.
08:27
You know, it's the latest thing that's come out.
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Znate, to je najnovija stvar koja je izašla.
08:29
It runs the Android operating system.
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Pokreće Android operativni sistem.
08:31
I think I heard somebody talk about that before.
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Mislim da sam čuo da je neko o tome prije govorio.
08:33
It's odd. It has a battery.
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Čudan je. Ima bateriju.
08:35
It also has coiled electronics
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Također ima elektroniku sa navojima
08:37
that WiTricity has put into the back of it.
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koju WiTricity ("bežična struja") ima na pozadini.
08:39
And if I can get the camera --
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I ako mogu dobiti, na neki način, kameru,
08:42
okay, great --
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u redu, odlično,
08:44
you'll see, as I get sort of close...
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vidjecete, kako se približavam ...
08:50
you're looking at a cellphone powered completely wirelessly.
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vidjećete da se mobitel puni potpuno bežično.
08:54
(Applause)
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(Aplauz)
08:59
And I know some of you are Apple aficionados.
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I poznajem neke ljubitelje Apple-a.
09:02
So, you know they don't make it easy at Apple to get inside their phones.
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Prema tome, znate da oni u Apple-u ne olakšavaju da se unutrašnjost njihovih mobitela vidi.
09:04
So we put a little sleeve on the back,
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Tako da smo stavili mali rukav pozadi.
09:06
but we should be able to get this guy to wake up too.
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Ali bismo trebali biti u mogućnosti da također probudimo ovog malenog.
09:09
And those of you that have an iPhone recognize the green center.
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I oni od vas koji imaju Iphone prepoznaju zeleni centar.
09:16
(Applause)
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(Aplauz)
09:17
And Nokia as well.
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i Nokiu također.
09:19
You'll see that what we did there is put a little thing in the back, to do that,
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Vidjećete da smo stavili malu spravicu pozadi, kako bismo to postigli,
09:23
and it probably beeps, actually, as it goes on as well.
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a vjerovatno i zvoni također, dok nastavlja sa punjenjem.
09:26
But they typically use it to light up the screen.
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Ali oni obično to koriste da posvijetle ekran.
09:28
So, imagine these things could go ... they could go in your ceiling.
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Zamislite kad bi ove stvari mogle ići u vaš plafon.
09:31
They could go in the floor. They could go, actually, underneath your desktop.
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Mogle bi ići u pod. Mogle bi zapravo ići ispod vašeg desktopa.
09:34
So that when you walk in or you come in from home,
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Kada uđete, ili izađete iz kuće,
09:37
if you carry a purse, it works in your purse.
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ako nosite torbicu, radiće i u vašoj torbici.
09:39
You never have to worry about plugging these things in again.
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Nikada se ne morate brinuti oko ponovnog uključivanja ovih stvari.
09:43
And think of what that would do for you.
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I zamislite šta bi to značilo za vas.
09:45
So I think in closing,
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Tako da ja na kraju smatram,
09:49
sort of in the immortal visions of The New Yorker magazine,
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na neki način, u duhu besmrtnih vizija New Yorker magazina,
09:53
I thought I'd put up one more slide.
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mislio sam da postavim još jedan slajd.
09:57
And for those of you who can't read it, it says,
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I za one koji ga ne mogu pročitati, kaže
09:59
"It does appear to be some kind of wireless technology."
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"Čini se da je to neka vrsta bežične tehnologije."
10:01
So, thank you very much.
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Puno Vam hvala.
10:03
(Applause)
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(Aplauz)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Eric Giler - Wireless electricianAs the CEO of MIT-inspired WiTricity, Eric Giler has a plan to beam electric power through the air to wirelessly power your laptop or recharge your car. You may never plug in again.
Why you should listen
Eric Giler heads WiTricity, a startup with a product straight out of science fiction: wireless electricity, beamed from a base station to your electrical devices. The technology was developed by an MIT team led by theoretical physicist Marin Soljačić (who won a MacArthur "genius"grant last year). Now, WiTricity is one of several startups developing tech to safely transmit power through the air -- and potentially untether our electronic age.
The technology at the core of WiTricity's approach is called magnetic coupled resonance, which can provoke an energetic response at a distance between two coils, one powered, the other not. If the two coils are correctly tuned to one another, energy flows from the connected one (installed, say, on the ceiling of a room) into the other (inside, say, your laptop). Giler presented a demo of it at TEDGlobal 2009 -- and several companies are already planning to add it to their phones, cameras, TVs and other devices.
Eric Giler | Speaker | TED.com