ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Murray Gell-Mann - Physicist
Murray Gell-Mann brings visibility to a crucial aspect of our existence that we can't actually see: elemental particles. He won the Nobel Prize in Physics for introducing quarks, one of two fundamental ingredients for all matter in the universe.

Why you should listen

He's been called "the man with five brains" -- and Murray Gell-Mann has the resume to prove it. In addition to being a Nobel laureate, he is an accomplished physicist who's earned numerous awards, medals and honorary degrees for his work with subatomic particles, including the groundbreaking theory that the nucleus of an atom comprises 100 or so fundamental building blocks called quarks.

Gell-Mann's influence extends well beyond his field: He's a member of the National Academy of Sciences, the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, and the Council on Foreign Relations. He also serves on the board of the Wildlife Conservation Society and is a director of Encyclopedia Britannica. Gell-Mann, a professor emeritus of Caltech, now heads the evolution of human languages program at the Santa Fe Institute, which he cofounded in 1984.

A prolific writer -- he's penned scores of academic papers and several books, including The Quark and the Jaguar -- Gell-Mann is also the subject of the popular science biography Strange Beauty: Murray Gell-Mann and the Revolution in 20th-Century Physics.

More profile about the speaker
Murray Gell-Mann | Speaker | TED.com
TED2007

Murray Gell-Mann: The ancestor of language

Murray Gell-Mann pri la pralingvo

Filmed:
944,446 views

Post parolado dum TED2007 pri eleganteco en Fiziko, la nekredebla Murray Gell-Mann [Nobelpremiito pri Fiziko en 1969] oferas rapidan trarigardon al alia pasia intereso: la malkovro de komuna praulo de niaj modernaj lingvoj.
- Physicist
Murray Gell-Mann brings visibility to a crucial aspect of our existence that we can't actually see: elemental particles. He won the Nobel Prize in Physics for introducing quarks, one of two fundamental ingredients for all matter in the universe. Full bio

Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.

00:13
Well, I'm involved in other things, besides physics.
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Bone, mi okupiĝas pri aliaj aferoj krom Fiziko.
00:17
In fact, mostly now in other things.
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Fakte, nun plejparte pri aliaj aferoj.
00:19
One thing is distant relationships among human languages.
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Unu el ili estas la malproksimaj rilatoj inter homaj lingvoj.
00:24
And the professional, historical linguists in the U.S.
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Kaj la profesiaj, tradiciaj lingvistoj en Usono
00:28
and in Western Europe mostly try to stay away
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kaj en Okcidenta Eŭropo plejparte provas distanciĝi
00:31
from any long-distance relationships, big groupings,
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de kiu ajn prarilatigo, grandaj grupigoj,
00:35
groupings that go back a long time,
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grupigoj foraj en la tempo,
00:38
longer than the familiar families.
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pli longa ol la familiaraj familioj.
00:41
They don't like that. They think it's crank. I don't think it's crank.
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Ili ne ŝatas tion; ili kredas ĝin strangaĵo. Mi ne kredas, ke tio estas strangaĵo.
00:45
And there are some brilliant linguists, mostly Russians,
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Kaj estas kelkaj brilaj lingvistoj, ĉefe rusoj,
00:48
who are working on that, at Santa Fe Institute and in Moscow,
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kiuj laboras pri tio ĉe Instituto Santa Fe kaj en Moskvo,
00:52
and I would love to see where that leads.
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kaj mi ŝategus vidi kien tio kondukos.
00:56
Does it really lead to a single ancestor
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Ĉu ĝi vere kondukos al unu sola pralingvo
00:59
some 20, 25,000 years ago?
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antaŭ ĉirkaŭ 20 aŭ 25 mil jaroj?
01:02
And what if we go back beyond that single ancestor,
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Kaj se oni retroiros antaŭ tiu komuna pralingvo,
01:05
when there was presumably a competition among many languages?
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kiam supozeble estis konkurado inter pluraj lingvoj?
01:09
How far back does that go? How far back does modern language go?
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Kiom for tio okazis? Kiom for estiĝis la moderna lingvo?
01:13
How many tens of thousands of years does it go back?
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Antaŭ kiom da dekmiloj da jaroj tio okazis?
01:16
Chris Anderson: Do you have a hunch or a hope for what the answer to that is?
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Chris Anderson: - Ĉu vi havas supozon aŭ antaŭsenton pri la respondo al tio?
01:19
Murray Gell-Mann: Well, I would guess that modern language must be older
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Bone, mi vetus, ke la moderna lingvo estas nepre pli antikva
01:22
than the cave paintings and cave engravings and cave sculptures
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ol kavernaj pentraĵoj, kavernaj gravuraĵoj kaj kavernaj skulptaĵoj
01:26
and dance steps in the soft clay in the caves in Western Europe,
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kaj dancospuroj en la mola argilo de kavernoj en Okcidenta Eŭropo
01:31
in the Aurignacian Period some 35,000 years ago, or earlier.
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en la Aŭrignacia Periodo, antaŭ ĉ. 35 mil jaroj, aŭ pli frue.
01:37
I can't believe they did all those things and didn't also have a modern language.
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Mi ne povas kredi, ke ili faris tion sen havi ankaŭ modernan lingvon.
01:40
So, I would guess that the actual origin goes back at least that far and maybe further.
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Do mi vetus, ke la efektiva origino datas almenaŭ de tiu tempo kaj eble pli frue.
01:45
But that doesn't mean that all, or many, or most
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Sed tio ne signifas, ke ĉiu, aŭ multaj, aŭ plej multaj
01:48
of today's attested languages couldn't descend perhaps
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inter la nuntempaj lingvoj ne povus eble deveni
01:52
from one that's much younger than that, like say 20,000 years,
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de iu multe pli nova ol tio, ni diru antaŭ 20 mil jaroj,
01:56
or something of that kind. It's what we call a bottleneck.
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aŭ pli-malpli tiom. Tion ni nomas botelkolo.
02:00
CA: Well, Philip Anderson may have been right.
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Bone, Philip Anderson eble pravis.
02:01
You may just know more about everything than anyone.
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Vi eble scias pli pri ĉio ajn ol kiu ajn.
02:04
So, it's been an honor. Thank you Murray Gell-Mann.
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Do estis honoro. Dankon, Murray Gell-Mann.
02:06
(Applause)
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< aplaŭdo >
Translated by James Piton
Reviewed by Toño del Barrio

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ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Murray Gell-Mann - Physicist
Murray Gell-Mann brings visibility to a crucial aspect of our existence that we can't actually see: elemental particles. He won the Nobel Prize in Physics for introducing quarks, one of two fundamental ingredients for all matter in the universe.

Why you should listen

He's been called "the man with five brains" -- and Murray Gell-Mann has the resume to prove it. In addition to being a Nobel laureate, he is an accomplished physicist who's earned numerous awards, medals and honorary degrees for his work with subatomic particles, including the groundbreaking theory that the nucleus of an atom comprises 100 or so fundamental building blocks called quarks.

Gell-Mann's influence extends well beyond his field: He's a member of the National Academy of Sciences, the American Academy of Arts and Sciences, and the Council on Foreign Relations. He also serves on the board of the Wildlife Conservation Society and is a director of Encyclopedia Britannica. Gell-Mann, a professor emeritus of Caltech, now heads the evolution of human languages program at the Santa Fe Institute, which he cofounded in 1984.

A prolific writer -- he's penned scores of academic papers and several books, including The Quark and the Jaguar -- Gell-Mann is also the subject of the popular science biography Strange Beauty: Murray Gell-Mann and the Revolution in 20th-Century Physics.

More profile about the speaker
Murray Gell-Mann | Speaker | TED.com