TED2007
David Hoffman: Sputnik mania
David Hoffman comparte su pasión por el Sputnik
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El cineasta David Hoffman comparte el metraje de su documental Sputnik Mania, que muestra cómo el lanzamiento del Sputnik en 1957 por la Unión Soviética, acabó en una carrera espacial y armamentística -- e impulsó la educación en ciencias y matemáticas alrededor del mundo.
David Hoffman - Filmmaker
In David Hoffman's long film career, he's made documentaries on everything from Amelia Earhardt to B.B. King, from double-dutch jump-roping to F-15 fighter pilots. Lately he's been fascinated with the early space program and our mania for all things Sputnik. Full bio
In David Hoffman's long film career, he's made documentaries on everything from Amelia Earhardt to B.B. King, from double-dutch jump-roping to F-15 fighter pilots. Lately he's been fascinated with the early space program and our mania for all things Sputnik. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:21
Fifty years ago in the old Soviet Union,
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Hace cincuenta años en la Unión Soviética
00:24
a team of engineers was secretly moving a large object
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un equipo de ingenieros transportaba en secreto un gran objeto
00:27
through a desolate countryside.
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a través de un paisaje desolado.
00:30
With it, they were hoping to capture the minds of people everywhere
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Con él esperaban captar la atención de la gente en todo el mundo
00:33
by being the first to conquer outer space.
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siendo los primeros en conquistar el espacio exterior.
00:36
The rocket was huge.
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El cohete era inmenso.
00:38
And packed in its nose was a silver ball
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Y en su morro albergaba una bola plateada
00:40
with two radios inside.
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con dos radios dentro.
00:44
On October 4, 1957, they launched their rocket.
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El 4 de octubre de 1957 lanzaron su cohete.
00:47
One of the Russian scientists wrote at the time:
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Uno de los científicos rusos escribió entonces:
00:50
"We are about to create a new planet
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"Estamos a punto de crear un nuevo planeta
00:52
that we will call Sputnik.
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al que llamaremos Sputnik.
00:55
In the olden days, explorers
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Antiguamente, exploradores
00:57
like Vasco da Gama and Columbus
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como Vasco de Gama y Colón
01:00
had the good fortune to open up the terrestrial globe.
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tuvieron la suerte de descubrir el globo terráqueo.
01:04
Now we have the good fortune to open up space.
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Ahora tenemos la suerte de descubrir el espacio.
01:07
And it is for those in the future to envy us our joy."
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Y serán otros en el futuro los que envidiarán nuestra alegría."
01:12
You're watching snippets from "Sputnik," my fifth documentary feature,
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Están viendo fragmentos de "Sputnik", mi quinto documental
01:16
which is just about completed.
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que estoy a punto de finalizar.
01:19
It tells the story of Sputnik,
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Cuenta la historia del Sputnik
01:21
and the story of what happened to America as a result.
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y la historia de lo que pasó en EEUU como resultado.
01:24
For days after the launch,
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Durante varios días tras el lanzamiento
01:26
Sputnik was a wonderful curiosity.
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el Sputnik fue una maravillosa curiosidad.
01:29
A man-made moon visible by ordinary citizens,
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Una luna hecha por el hombre visible por ciudadanos de a pie.
01:33
it inspired awe and pride
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Causó inspiración y orgullo
01:36
that humans had finally launched an object into space.
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que los humanos por fin lanzaran un objeto al espacio.
01:41
But just three days later, on a day they called Red Monday,
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Pero sólo tres días después en el llamado Lunes Rojo
01:44
the media and the politicians told us,
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los medios y los políticos nos dijeron
01:47
and we believed, that Sputnik was proof
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y les creimos, que el Sputnik era prueba
01:49
that our enemy had beaten us
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de que nuestro enemigo nos había vencido
01:51
in science and technology,
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en ciencia y tecnología
01:54
and that they could now attack us with hydrogen bombs,
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y que ahora podrían atacarnos con bombas de hidrógeno
01:57
using their Sputnik rocket as an IBM missile.
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usando su cohete Sputnik como un misil balístico.
02:01
All hell broke loose.
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El infierno se desató.
02:03
Sputnik quickly became one of the three great shocks to hit America --
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El Sputnik se convirtió en uno de los tres grandes golpes para EEUU --
02:07
historians say the equal of Pearl Harbor or 9/11.
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los historiadores lo igualan a Pearl Harbor o septiembre 11
02:11
It provoked the missile gap.
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Provocó el abismo de los misiles.
02:14
It exploded an arms race.
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Estalló una carrera armamentística.
02:17
It began the space race.
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Comenzó la carrera espacial.
02:20
Within a year, Congress funded huge weapons increases,
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En un año el Congreso financió incrementos enormes en armas
02:23
and we went from 1,200 nuclear weapons
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y pasamos de 1,200 bombas atómicas
02:26
to 20,000.
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a 20,000.
02:28
And the reactions to Sputnik went far beyond weapons increases.
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Las reacciones al Sputnik fueron más allá del incremento en armas.
02:31
For example, some here will remember
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Por ejemplo, muchos aquí se acordarán
02:34
this day, June 1958,
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de aquel día de junio de 1958
02:36
the National Civil Defense Drill,
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del Simulacro Nacional de la Defensa Civil
02:38
where tens of millions of people in 78 cities went underground.
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en que millones de personas de 78 ciudades se refugiaron bajo tierra.
02:42
Or the Gallup Poll that showed that seven in 10 Americans
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O la encuesta Gallup mostrando que 7 de cada 10 estadounidenses
02:45
believed that a nuclear war would happen,
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creían que una guerra atómica era posible
02:48
and that at least 50 percent of our population
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y que al menos el 50% de nuestra población
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was going to be killed.
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iba a ser aniquilada.
02:52
But Sputnik provoked wonderful changes as well.
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Pero el Sputnik también provocó cambios maravillosos.
02:56
For example, some in this room went to school on scholarship
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Por ejemplo, algunos de los presentes fueron becados a la universidad
02:58
because of Sputnik.
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gracias al Sputnik.
03:00
Support for engineering, math and science --
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Apoyos a la ingeniería, matemáticas y la ciencia --
03:03
education in general -- boomed.
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a la educación en general -- tuvieron su auge.
03:06
And Vint Cerf points out that Sputnik
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Y Vint Cerf señala que el Sputnik
03:08
led directly to ARPA, and the Internet,
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dió lugar directamente a ARPA y a internet
03:10
and, of course, NASA.
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y por supuesto a la NASA.
03:13
My feature documentary shows how a free society
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Mi documental muestra como una sociedad libre
03:16
can be stampeded by those who know how to use media.
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puede ser espoleada por quienes saben usar los medios.
03:19
But it also shows how we can turn
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También muestra como podemos convertir
03:21
what appears at first to be a bad situation,
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lo que al principio parecía una mala situación
03:24
into something that was overall very good for America.
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en algo que finalmente fue muy bueno para los EEUU.
03:28
"Sputnik" will soon be released.
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"Sputnik" se estrenará en breve.
03:31
In closing, I would like to take a moment to thank
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Por último, me gustaría dedicar un momento para agradecer
03:33
one of my investors:
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a uno de mis inversionistas:
03:35
longtime TEDster, Jay Walker.
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TEDster desde hace mucho, Jay Walker.
03:37
And I'd like to thank you all.
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Y me gustaría darles las gracias a todos.
03:39
(Applause).
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(Aplausos).
03:43
Thank you, Chris.
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Gracias, Chris.
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
David Hoffman - FilmmakerIn David Hoffman's long film career, he's made documentaries on everything from Amelia Earhardt to B.B. King, from double-dutch jump-roping to F-15 fighter pilots. Lately he's been fascinated with the early space program and our mania for all things Sputnik.
Why you should listen
Documentary filmmaker David Hoffman has been capturing reality for almost 4 decades, following his wide-ranging interests and turning them into films for PBS, The Discovery Channel, A&E, National Geographic. Highlights from his career include the groundbreaking experimental doc King, Murray, which blurred boundaries between truth and fiction as it tracks its subject through a debauched weekend in Las Vegas; A Day With Filmmaker Timmy Page, about a 12-year-old auteur; and his series of films on American indigenous music.
Lately, he has become fascinated with the Atomic-era Space Race, turning out a feature-length documentary about the Sputnik era. Sputnik Mania was scored by Thomas Dolby and has played at festivals and theaters around the country.
Hoffman suffered a devastating setback in early 2008 when, nine days before TED2008, his home, containing a vast archive from his long and fascinating career, burnt to the ground. His next project: to reframe his life and rebuild.
David Hoffman | Speaker | TED.com