ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Markus Fischer - Designer
Markus Fischer led the team at Festo that developed the first ultralight artificial bird capable of flying like a real bird.

Why you should listen

One of the oldest dreams of mankind is to fly like a bird. Many, from Leonardo da Vinci to contemporary research teams, tried to crack the "code" for the flight of birds, unsuccessfully. Until in 2011 the engineers of the Bionic Learning Network established by Festo, a German technology company, developed a flight model of an artificial bird that's capable of taking off and rising in the air by means of its flapping wings alone. It's called SmartBird. Markus Fischer is Festo's head of corporate design, where he's responsible for a wide array of initiatives. He established the Bionic Learning Network in 2006.

SmartBird is inspired by the herring gull. The wings not only beat up and down but twist like those of a real bird -- and seeing it fly leaves no doubt: it's a perfect technical imitation of the natural model, just bigger. (Even birds think so.) Its wingspan is almost two meters, while its carbon-fiber structure weighs only 450 grams.

Fischer says: "We learned from the birds how to move the wings, but also the need to be very energy efficient."

More profile about the speaker
Markus Fischer | Speaker | TED.com
TEDGlobal 2011

Markus Fischer: A robot that flies like a bird

Markus Fischer: Robot, mis lendab kui lind

Filmed:
8,646,669 views

Paljud robotid suudavad lennata, kuid seni ei ole ükski seade suutnud lennata nagu päris lind. Seda polnud tehtud enne, kui Markus Fischer oma kolleegidega Festost ehitas valmis SmartBirdi - suure, kerge linnu välimusega roboti, mis on modelleeritud kajaka eeskujul ning mis lendab nagu lind, tiibu lehvitades. Kõrgelennuline demo konverentsilt TEDGlobal 2011.
- Designer
Markus Fischer led the team at Festo that developed the first ultralight artificial bird capable of flying like a real bird. Full bio

Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.

00:15
It is a dreamunistus of mankindinimkonna
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Inimkonna üks suurimaid unistusi
on olnud lennata nagu lind.
00:18
to flylendama like a birdlind.
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BirdsLinnud are very agilevilgas.
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Linnud on väga liikuvad.
00:22
They flylendama, not with rotatingPöörlevad componentskomponendid,
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Neil suudavad lennata ilma
pöörlevate seadmete abita
00:25
so they flylendama only by flappinglehvitamine theiroma wingstiivad.
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lihtsalt lehvitades oma tiibu.
00:28
So we lookedvaatasin at the birdslinnud,
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Vaatasime, kuidas linnud lendavad
00:31
and we triedproovis to make a modelmudel
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ja proovisime ehitada mudeli,
00:34
that is powerfulvõimas, ultralightülikerge,
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mis oleks võimas, ülikerge
00:37
and it mustpeab have excellentVäga hea aerodynamicaerodünaamiline qualitiesomadused
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ja suurepärase aerodünaamikaga,
00:41
that would flylendama by its ownoma
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mis võimaldaks üksnes tiibu
lehvitades iseseisvalt lennata,
00:43
and only by flappinglehvitamine its wingstiivad.
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00:46
So what would be better [than] to use
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Mis oleks veel parem
eeskuju kui hõbekajakas,
00:49
the HerringHeeringa GullKajakas, in its freedomvabadus,
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kes suudab vabalt mere
kohal tiirutada ja pikeerida.
00:51
circlingringilt and swoopingswooping over the seameri,
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00:53
and [to] use this as a rolerolli modelmudel?
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00:56
So we bringtuua a teammeeskond togetherkoos.
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Panime kokku oma tiimi,
00:58
There are generalistsvõlausaldajad and alsoka specialistsspetsialistid
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kuhu kuulub nii generaliste
01:01
in the fieldvaldkonnas of aerodynamicsaerodünaamika
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kui ka aerodünaamika eksperte,
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in the fieldvaldkonnas of buildinghoone gliderspurilennukid.
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kes tunnevad purilennukite ehitust.
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And the taskülesanne was to buildehitama
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Eesmärgiks oli ehitada valmis
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an ultralightülikerge indoor-flyingsiseruumides lendamine modelmudel
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ülikerge siseruumides lendav mudel,
01:11
that is ablevõimeline to flylendama over your headspead.
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mis lendaks teie peade kohal.
01:14
So be carefulettevaatlik laterhiljem on.
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Olge siis pärast tähelepanelikud.
(Naer)
01:19
And this was one issueprobleem:
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Probleem oli aga selles,
01:21
to buildehitama it that lightweightkerge kaal
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kuidas ehitada see nii kerge,
01:23
that no one would be hurthaiget
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et keegi selle kukkudes viga ei saaks.
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if it felllanges down.
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01:28
So why do we do all this?
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Miks me selle asja üldse ette võtsime?
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We are a companyettevõte in the fieldvaldkonnas of automationautomaatika,
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Meie firma tegutseb
automaatikavaldkonnas
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and we'dme tahaksime like to do very lightweightkerge kaal structuresstruktuurid
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ja meie eesmärgiks on teha
väga kergeid seadmeid,
01:36
because that's energyenergia efficientefektiivne,
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kuna see on energiasäästlik.
01:38
and we'dme tahaksime like to learnõppida more about
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Tahame õppida paremini tundma
pneumaatikat ja õhuvoolude juhtimist
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pneumaticspneumaatikas and airõhk flowvoolu phenomenanähtused.
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01:44
So I now would like you
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Palun kinnitage nüüd turvavöö
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to [put] your seatiste beltsvööd on
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ja pange mütsid pähe.
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and put your hatsmütsid [on].
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01:51
So maybe we'llme teeme try it onceüks kord --
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Proovime nüüd korra SmartBirdi lennutada.
01:54
to flylendama a SmartBirdSmartBird.
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01:56
Thank you.
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Aitäh!
01:58
(ApplauseAplaus)
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(Aplaus)
02:14
(ApplauseAplaus)
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(Kiiduavaldused, aplaus)
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(ApplauseAplaus)
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(Aplaus)
(Aplaus, kiiduavaldused)
03:07
So we can now
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Nüüd saame SmartBirdi lähemalt vaadata.
03:09
look at the SmartBirdSmartBird.
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03:12
So here is one withoutilma a skinnahk.
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Siin on üks mudel ilma välise kestata.
03:15
We have a wingspantiivaulatus of about two metersmeetrites.
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Tiiva ulatus on umbes kaks meetrit.
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The lengthpikkus is one metermeeter and sixkuus,
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Pikkus on 1 meeter ja 6 sentimeetrit
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and the weightkaal,
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ja kaal kõigest 450 grammi.
03:23
it is only 450 gramsgrammi.
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See on valmistatud süsinikkiust.
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And it is all out of carbonsüsinik fiberkiudained.
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03:29
In the middlekeskel we have a motormootor,
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Keskel on mootor
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and we alsoka have a gearkäik in it,
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ja ajam selle sees,
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and we use the gearkäik
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kasutame seda mootori ringiajamiseks.
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to transferüleandmine the circulationringlusse of the motormootor.
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03:40
So withinjooksul the motormootor, we have threekolm HallHall sensorsandurid,
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Mootoris on kolm Halli tajurit,
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so we know exactlytäpselt where
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nii on täpselt teada, mis asendis tiib on.
03:46
the wingtiib is.
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03:49
And if we now beatpeksma up and down ...
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Kui nüüd lüüa tiibadega üles ja alla
03:56
we have the possibilityvõimalus
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siis on võimalik lennata nagu lind.
03:58
to flylendama like a birdlind.
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04:00
So if you go down, you have the largesuur areaala of propulsionjõu,
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Kui tiib lööb alla, on sel lai tõukepind,
04:03
and if you go up,
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ja kui lööb üles, siis ei ole see lapiti
04:06
the wingstiivad are not that largesuur,
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04:10
and it is easierlihtsam to get up.
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ja tiiba on lihtsam üles tõsta.
04:14
So, the nextjärgmine thing we did,
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Järgmise probleemina võtsime ette
04:17
or the challengesväljakutsed we did,
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04:19
was to coordinatekooskõlastada this movementliikumine.
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liikumise koordinatsiooni küsimuse.
04:22
We have to turnpööra it, go up and go down.
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Seda tuleb pöörata, liigutada üles ja alla.
04:25
We have a splitjagatud wingtiib.
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Tiib on liigendatud.
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With a splitjagatud wingtiib
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Liigendatud tiivaga on
tõstejõud tiiva ülemisel osal
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we get the liftlift at the upperülemine wingtiib,
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04:32
and we get the propulsionjõu at the lowermadalam wingtiib.
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ja tõukejõud tiiva alumisel osal.
04:35
AlsoKa, we see
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Nii saab mõõta ka
aerodünaamilist efektiivsust.
04:37
how we measuremõõta the aerodynamicaerodünaamiline efficiencytõhusus.
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04:40
We had knowledgeteadmised about
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Kui teada elektromehhaaniline efektiivsust
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the electromechanicalelektromehaanilised efficiencytõhusus
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04:44
and then we can calculatearvutama
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siis saab arvutada välja ka
aerodünaamilise efektiivsuse.
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the aerodynamicaerodünaamiline efficiencytõhusus.
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04:48
So thereforeseetõttu,
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Seepärast toimub üleminek
passiivsest väändejõust aktiivseni,
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it risestõuseb up from passivepassiivne torsiontorsioon to activeaktiivne torsiontorsioon,
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04:53
from 30 percentprotsenti
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30 protsendilt 80 protsendini.
04:55
up to 80 percentprotsenti.
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04:57
NextJärgmise thing we have to do,
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Järgmiseks tuli juhtida ja reguleerida
konstruktsiooni tervikuna.
04:59
we have to controlkontroll and regulatereguleerida
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05:01
the wholeterve structurestruktuur.
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05:03
Only if you controlkontroll and regulatereguleerida it,
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Vaid juhtimise ja reguleerimise abil
on võimalik saavutada vajalik
aerodünaamiline efektiivsus.
05:06
you will get that aerodynamicaerodünaamiline efficiencytõhusus.
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05:09
So the overallüldiselt consumptiontarbimine of energyenergia
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Keskmine energiakulu
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is about 25 wattsvatti at takeoffõhkutõusu
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on lendu tõusmisel umbes 25 vatti
05:15
and 16 to 18 wattsvatti in flightlend.
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ja lennates 16-18 vatti.
05:18
Thank you.
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Aitäh.
05:20
(ApplauseAplaus)
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(Aplaus)
05:26
BrunoBruno GiussaniGiussani: MarkusMarkus, I think that we should flylendama it onceüks kord more.
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Bruno Giussani:
Markus, seda võiks veel korra lennutada.
05:29
MarkusMarkus FischerFischer: Yeah, sure.
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Markus Fischer: Jah, muidugi.
05:31
(LaughterNaer)
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(Naer)
05:53
(GaspsGasps)
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(Imestushüüded)
(Aplaus)
06:02
(CheersTervitades)
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(Aplaus, kiiduavaldused)
06:04
(ApplauseAplaus)
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(Aplaus)
Translated by Mailis Laos
Reviewed by Aari Lemmik

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ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Markus Fischer - Designer
Markus Fischer led the team at Festo that developed the first ultralight artificial bird capable of flying like a real bird.

Why you should listen

One of the oldest dreams of mankind is to fly like a bird. Many, from Leonardo da Vinci to contemporary research teams, tried to crack the "code" for the flight of birds, unsuccessfully. Until in 2011 the engineers of the Bionic Learning Network established by Festo, a German technology company, developed a flight model of an artificial bird that's capable of taking off and rising in the air by means of its flapping wings alone. It's called SmartBird. Markus Fischer is Festo's head of corporate design, where he's responsible for a wide array of initiatives. He established the Bionic Learning Network in 2006.

SmartBird is inspired by the herring gull. The wings not only beat up and down but twist like those of a real bird -- and seeing it fly leaves no doubt: it's a perfect technical imitation of the natural model, just bigger. (Even birds think so.) Its wingspan is almost two meters, while its carbon-fiber structure weighs only 450 grams.

Fischer says: "We learned from the birds how to move the wings, but also the need to be very energy efficient."

More profile about the speaker
Markus Fischer | Speaker | TED.com