TEDCity2.0
Iwan Baan: Ingenious homes in unexpected places
Iwan Baan: Erakordsed kodud ootamatutes kohtades
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Caracase linna südames Venetsueelas seisab 45-kordne Davidi torn (Torre David) – lõpetamata mahajäetud pilvelõhkuja. Ligi kaheksa aastat tagasi kolisid sinna aga esimesed elanikud. Fotograaf Iwan Baan näitab, kuidas inimesed on oma kodud rajanud väga ootamatutesse kohtadesse, viies meid ringreisile Torre Davidi perekorteritesse, Nigeerias asuvasse veepealsesse linna ja Hiina maa-alusesse külla. Värvikate ja kaunite fotodega teeb Iwan Baan kummarduse inimese võimele ellu jääda ja kodu rajada ükskõik kus, kohandades ümbritseva keskkonna ja olemasolevad tingimused oma vajadustega.
Iwan Baan - Urban documentarian
Photographer Iwan Baan captures the many ways people shape their shared built environment -- from glossy starchitecture to handmade homes. Full bio
Photographer Iwan Baan captures the many ways people shape their shared built environment -- from glossy starchitecture to handmade homes. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:12
Throughout my career, I've been fortunate enough
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Oma karjääri jooksul
on mul olnud õnn teha koostööd
00:15
to work with many of the great
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paljude maailmakuulsate arhitektidega,
00:16
international architects,
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00:18
documenting their work and observing
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jäädvustades nende tööd
ja olles tunnistajaks
ja olles tunnistajaks
00:20
how their designs have the capacity
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kuidas nende looming mõjutab linnu,
milles need rajatised asuvad.
milles need rajatised asuvad.
00:22
to influence the cities in which they sit.
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00:25
I think of new cities like Dubai
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Nii uusi linnu nagu Dubai
00:28
or ancient cities like Rome
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või ka vanu linnu nagu Rooma,
00:31
with Zaha Hadid's incredible MAXXI museum,
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kus asub Zaha Hadidi
vapustav MAXXI muuseum
vapustav MAXXI muuseum
00:34
or like right here in New York with the High Line,
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või nagu New York,
kus asub High Line'i park,
kus asub High Line'i park,
00:37
a city which has been so much influenced
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mille arendus on avaldanud
New Yorgile tohutut mõju
New Yorgile tohutut mõju
00:39
by the development of this.
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00:41
But what I find really fascinating
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Mis mind aga tõeliselt paelub, on see,
00:43
is what happens when architects and planners leave
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mis juhtub siis, kui arhitektid
ja planeerijad lahkuvad
ja planeerijad lahkuvad
00:46
and these places become appropriated by people,
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ja need kohad saavad inimeste omaks.
00:49
like here in Chandigarh, India,
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Nagu siin, Chandigarhis Indias,
00:52
the city which has been completely designed
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linnas, mille on tervenisti projekteerinud
00:54
by the architect Le Corbusier.
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arhitekt Le Corbusier.
00:56
Now 60 years later, the city has been taken over
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Nüüd, 60 aastat hiljem,
on hooned leidnud hoopis
teistsuguse rakenduse kui see
teistsuguse rakenduse kui see
00:59
by people in very different ways
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01:01
from whatever perhaps intended for,
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milleks see maja kunagi rajati.
01:04
like here, where you have the people
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Siin näiteks istuvad inimesed
konverentsiruumi akna-avades.
01:06
sitting in the windows of the assembly hall.
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01:09
But over the course of several years,
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Läbi aastate olen jäädvustanud
01:11
I've been documenting Rem Koolhaas's
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Rem Koolhaasi CCTV hoonet Pekingis
01:14
CCTV building in Beijing
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01:16
and the olympic stadium in the same city
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ja ka Pekingi olümpiastaadionit,
01:19
by the architects Herzog and de Meuron.
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mille autoriks on arhitektid
Herzog ja de Meuron.
Herzog ja de Meuron.
01:22
At these large-scale construction sites in China,
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Sellistel suurtel ehitusplatsidel Hiinas
01:25
you see a sort of makeshift camp
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näeb ajutisi linnakuid,
01:27
where workers live during the entire building process.
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kus ehitajad elavad kogu ehituse aja.
01:32
As the length of the construction takes years,
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Kuna ehitamine kestab aastaid,
01:34
workers end up forming a rather rough-and-ready
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klopsivad töölised käepärastest
materjalidest kokku pseudolinna,
materjalidest kokku pseudolinna,
01:37
informal city, making for quite a juxtaposition
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mis vastandub teravalt
keerukate objektidega,
keerukate objektidega,
01:40
against the sophisticated structures that they're building.
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mida nad sealsamas kõrval ehitavad.
01:44
Over the past seven years, I've been following
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Olen viimase seitsme aasta jooksul
lasknud end juhtida oma kiindumusest
ehitatud keskkonna vastu.
ehitatud keskkonna vastu.
01:46
my fascination with the built environment,
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01:48
and for those of you who know me, you would say
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Need, kes mind teavad, võivad kinnitada,
01:51
that this obsession has led me to live
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et selle kire tõttu elan ma
365 päeva aastas oma kohvri otsas.
365 päeva aastas oma kohvri otsas.
01:53
out of a suitcase 365 days a year.
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01:57
Being constantly on the move
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Kogu aeg liikvel olemine tähendab,
01:59
means that sometimes I am able
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et mõnikord satun ma peale
02:01
to catch life's most unpredictable moments,
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elu ettearvamatutele hetkedele.
02:04
like here in New York
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Nagu näiteks siin, New Yorgis,
02:06
the day after the Sandy storm hit the city.
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päev peale seda,
kui linna tabas torm Sandy.
kui linna tabas torm Sandy.
02:10
Just over three years ago,
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Veidi enam kui kolm aastat tagasi
02:13
I was for the first time in Caracas, Venezuela,
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olin esimest korda Caracases Venetsueelas
02:15
and while flying over the city, I was just amazed
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ja linnast üle lennates hämmastas mind,
02:18
by the extent to which the slums
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kui sügavale igasse linna soppi
slummid ulatuvad
slummid ulatuvad
02:20
reach into every corner of the city,
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02:22
a place where nearly 70 percent of the population
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Seal elab 70% linnaelanikest,
02:25
lives in slums,
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slummid katavad terveid mäekülgi.
02:27
draped literally all over the mountains.
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02:30
During a conversation with local architects Urban-Think Tank,
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Vesteldes kohalike arhitektidega
Urban Think Tankist,
Urban Think Tankist,
02:33
I learned about the Torre David,
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kuulsin Torre Davidist,
02:36
a 45-story office building which sits
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45-kordsest kontorihoonest
Caracase südalinnas.
Caracase südalinnas.
02:38
right in the center of Caracas.
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02:40
The building was under construction
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Torni ehitati kuni Venetsueelat
tabas majanduskrahh
tabas majanduskrahh
02:42
until the collapse of the Venezuelan economy
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02:44
and the death of the developer in the early '90s.
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ja arendaja 1990ndate alguses suri.
02:48
About eight years ago, people started moving
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Umbes kaheksa aastat tagasi
hakkasid inimesed kolima
mahajäetud hoonesse
mahajäetud hoonesse
02:51
into the abandoned tower
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02:53
and began to build their homes right in between
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ja pooleliolevasse torni kodusid rajama.
02:55
every column of this unfinished tower.
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Tornil on ainult üks väike sissepääs
02:58
There's only one little entrance to the entire building,
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03:01
and the 3,000 residents come in and out
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ja selle 3000 elanikku käivad sisse-välja
03:04
through that single door.
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läbi selle üheainsa ukse.
03:06
Together, the inhabitants created public spaces
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Koos rajasid elanikud avalikke
ruume ja kujundasid need nii,
ruume ja kujundasid need nii,
03:09
and designed them to feel more like a home
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tunne oleks rohkem nagu kodus
mitte kui poolelioleval ehitusobjektil.
mitte kui poolelioleval ehitusobjektil.
03:11
and less like an unfinished tower.
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03:13
In the lobby, they painted the walls and planted trees.
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Fuajees värviti seinu ja istutati puid.
03:17
They also made a basketball court.
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Nad tegid isegi korvpalliplatsi.
03:20
But when you look up closely,
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Aga kui natuke ringi vaadata,
03:22
you see massive holes where elevators
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võib märgata suuri auke,
kus peaksid olema liftid ja torud.
03:24
and services would have run through.
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03:27
Within the tower, people have come up
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Tornielanikud on välja mõelnud
mitmesuguseid lahendusi
mitmesuguseid lahendusi
03:29
with all sorts of solutions
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03:31
in response to the various needs
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et katta igasuguseid erinevaid vajadusi,
03:33
which arise from living in an unfinished tower.
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mis lõpetamata hoones elades tekivad.
03:36
With no elevators,
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Liftide puudumine teeb hoonest
45 korruselise ronimistorni,
45 korruselise ronimistorni,
03:38
the tower is like a 45-story walkup.
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03:41
Designed in very specific ways
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mis on elukohaks kujundatud
siinsete elanike poolt,
siinsete elanike poolt,
03:43
by this group of people
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kel ei ole arhitektuuri- või disainiharidust.
03:45
who haven't had any education in architecture or design.
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03:49
And with each inhabitant finding their own
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Iga elanik on leidnud oma viisi
oludega hakkamasaamiseks
oludega hakkamasaamiseks
03:51
unique way of coming by,
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03:53
this tower becomes like a living city,
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tornist on saanud elav linn,
03:56
a place which is alive with micro-economies
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koht, kus mikromajandus ja
väikesed ärid õitsevad.
väikesed ärid õitsevad.
03:59
and small businesses.
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04:01
The inventive inhabitants, for instance,
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Näiteks näevad leidlikud elanikud
04:03
find opportunities in the most unexpected cases,
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lahendusi ootamatutes kohtades –
04:06
like the adjacent parking garage,
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nagu kõrvalasuvas parkimismajas,
04:08
which has been reclaimed as a taxi route
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mille kaldteid mööda viivad taksod
04:10
to shuttle the inhabitants up through the ramps
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elanikke nende korteritesse,
04:13
in order to shorten the hike
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vähendades niimoodi jalavaeva.
04:14
up to the apartments.
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04:18
A walk through the tower
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Tornis jalutades võib näha,
04:20
reveals how residents have figured out
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mida kõike elanikud on välja mõelnud,
04:22
how to create walls, how to make an air flow,
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et ehitada seinu, panna õhk liikuma,
04:26
how to create transparency,
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luua läbipaistvust,
04:28
circulation throughout the tower,
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ja tekitada teid liikumiseks.
04:30
essentially creating a home
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Teisisõnu, nad on rajanud kodu,
04:32
that's completely adapted
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mis on täielikult kohandatud
asukoha tingimustele.
asukoha tingimustele.
04:34
to the conditions of the site.
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04:37
When a new inhabitant moves into the tower,
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Kui majja kolib uus elanik,
04:39
they already have a roof over their head,
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on katus juba pea kohal olemas,
04:41
so they just typically mark their space
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ja oma ruum märgistatakse
04:43
with a few curtains or sheets.
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lihtsalt mõne kardina või linaga.
04:46
Slowly, from found materials, walls rise,
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Ajapikku kerkivad leidmaterjalist seinad
04:49
and people create a space out of any found objects
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ja inimesed loovad oma ruumi
kõikvõimalikust ettejuhtuvast materjalist.
kõikvõimalikust ettejuhtuvast materjalist.
04:52
or materials.
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04:54
It's remarkable to see the design decisions
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On huvitav näha,
milliseid disainivalikuid tehakse.
milliseid disainivalikuid tehakse.
04:56
that they're making,
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04:58
like when everything is made out of red bricks,
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Näiteks kui kõik on punasest tellisest,
05:01
some residents will cover that red brick
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katab mõni selle
punaste telliste tapeediga.
punaste telliste tapeediga.
05:03
with another layer of red brick-patterned wallpaper
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Et anda viimistlusele viimane lihv...
05:07
just to make it a kind of clean finish.
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05:12
The inhabitants literally built up these homes
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Inimesed ehitasid siinsed kodud oma kätega
05:14
with their own hands, and this labor of love
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ja see annab paljudele peredele põhjuse
05:16
instills a great sense of pride
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oma kätetöö üle suurt uhkust tunda.
05:18
in many families living in this tower.
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05:21
They typically make the best out of their conditions,
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Olukorrast võetakse parim
05:24
and try to make their spaces look nice and homey,
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ja püütakse luua kena hubane kodu,
05:27
or at least up until as far as they can reach.
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vähemalt nii kõrgele kui ulatab.
05:31
Throughout the tower, you come across
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Tornis pakutakse igasugu teenuseid,
05:34
all kinds of services, like the barber,
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on näiteks habemeajaja,
05:36
small factories, and every floor has
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on väikesi tehaseidki,
ja igal korrusel on oma pisike pood.
05:40
a little grocery store or shop.
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05:43
And you even find a church.
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Isegi kirik on olemas.
05:46
And on the 30th floor, there is a gym
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30. korrusel on jõusaal,
05:48
where all the weights and barbells
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kus trenni tehakse plokkide ja vintsidega
05:50
are made out of the leftover pulleys
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mis olid mõeldud liftide jaoks,
05:52
from the elevators which were never installed.
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mida kunagi ei tulnud.
05:55
From the outside, behind this always-changing facade,
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Väljast vaadates on aina
muutuva fassaadi taga näha
muutuva fassaadi taga näha
05:58
you see how the fixed concrete beams
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kandvaid betoonposte,
05:59
provide a framework for the inhabitants
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mis on elanikele raamistikuks
06:01
to create their homes
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oma kodu rajamisel
orgaaniliselt ja intuitiivselt,
orgaaniliselt ja intuitiivselt,
06:03
in an organic, intuitive way
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oma vajadustele vastavalt.
06:04
that responds directly to their needs.
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06:07
Let's go now to Africa, to Nigeria,
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Suundume nüüd aga Aafrikasse Nigeeriasse,
06:10
to a community called Makoko,
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Makoko kogukonna juurde
06:12
a slum where 150,000 people
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slummi, kus 150 000 inimest
06:15
live just meters above the Lagos Lagoon.
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elab mõne meetri kõrgusel
Lagose laguuni kohal.
Lagose laguuni kohal.
06:18
While it may appear to be a completely chaotic place,
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See elukoht võib paista täieliku kaosena,
ülalt paistab see üks suur
veeteede ja kanalite võrgustik,
veeteede ja kanalite võrgustik,
06:22
when you see it from above, there seems to be
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06:24
a whole grid of waterways and canals
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06:27
connecting each and every home.
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mis viib iga kodu juurde.
06:30
From the main dock, people board long wooden canoes
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Suurelt kailt astutakse
pikkadesse kanuudesse,
pikkadesse kanuudesse,
06:34
which carry them out to their various homes and shops
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mis viivad inimesi koju ja poodi
06:37
located in the expansive area.
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kõikjal üle selle hiigelsuure ala.
06:39
When out on the water, it's clear
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Vees liikudes on näha, et siinne
elu on täielikult kohandatud
elu on täielikult kohandatud
06:41
that life has been completely adapted
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06:43
to this very specific way of living.
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just selle erilise eluviisi jaoks.
06:46
Even the canoes become variety stores
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Isegi kanuudes on pudupoed
06:49
where ladies paddle from house to house,
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ja neid pidavad naised
sõuavad majast majja,
sõuavad majast majja,
06:50
selling anything from toothpaste to fresh fruits.
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müües kõike hambapastast
värskete puuviljadeni.
värskete puuviljadeni.
06:55
Behind every window and door frame,
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Igast aknast ja uksepraost
06:57
you'll see a small child peering back at you,
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piidleb sind väike laps.
06:59
and while Makoko seems to be packed with people,
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Kuigi Makokos on väga palju inimesi,
07:02
what's more shocking is actually
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on ikkagi üllatav, kui palju lapsi
07:04
the amount of children pouring out of every building.
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võib igast majast välja pudeneda.
07:08
The population growth in Nigeria,
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Elanikkonna kasv Nigeerias
07:10
and especially in these areas like Makoko,
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ja eriti piirkondades
nagu Makoko
nagu Makoko
07:12
are painful reminders
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on valus meeldetuletus,
07:14
of how out of control things really are.
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et asjad kontrolli alt täiesti väljas.
07:18
In Makoko, very few systems
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Makokos on suur puudus taristust.
07:21
and infrastructures exist.
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Elektrisüsteem on isetehtud
07:23
Electricity is rigged and freshest water
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ja vesi tuleb samuti
07:26
comes from self-built wells throughout the area.
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isetehtud kaevudest.
07:29
This entire economic model
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Terve siinne majandusmudel
07:31
is designed to meet a specific way of living
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põhineb veepealsel elul,
07:34
on the water, so fishing and boat-making
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seega on kalastamine ja
paadiehitus levinud elukutsed.
paadiehitus levinud elukutsed.
07:37
are common professions.
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07:39
You'll have a set of entrepreneurs
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On ka ettevõtjaid,
07:41
who have set up businesses throughout the area,
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kes on siin äri püsti pannud:
07:44
like barbershops, CD and DVD stores,
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habemeajajad, CD ja DVD poed
07:49
movie theaters, tailors, everything is there.
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kinod, õmbustöökojad - kõik on olemas.
07:54
There is even a photo studio
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On isegi fotostuudio,
07:56
where you see the sort of aspiration
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kus on näha, et unistatakse
07:58
to live in a real house or to be associated
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päris majas elamisest või sellest.
et ollakse kuskil kaugel
et ollakse kuskil kaugel
08:01
with a faraway place, like that hotel in Sweden.
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näiteks Rootsis hotellis.
08:05
On this particular evening,
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Sel õhtul sattusin peale
väikesele kontserdile.
väikesele kontserdile.
08:07
I came across this live band
182
475424
2104
08:09
dressed to the T in their coordinating outfits.
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Bändil olid ühesugused esinemiskostüümid
08:12
They were floating through the canals
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2030
ja nad liikusid mööda kanaleid
08:14
in a large canoe with a fitted-out generator
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suures generaatoriga varustatud kanuus
08:17
for all of the community to enjoy.
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ning pakkusid meelelahutust
tervele kogukonnale.
tervele kogukonnale.
08:21
By nightfall, the area becomes almost pitch black,
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2991
Öösel on siin kottpime,
08:24
save for a small lightbulb
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1828
peale mõne üksiku põleva
lambi või lõkke.
lambi või lõkke.
08:26
or a fire.
189
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2734
08:29
What originally brought me to Makoko
190
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2615
Algselt tõi mind Makokosse
08:32
was this project from a friend of mine,
191
500137
1807
mu sõbra, Kunlé Adeyemi projekt,
08:33
Kunlé Adeyemi, who recently finished building
192
501944
2801
hiljuti valminud kolmekordne
ujuv koolimaja Makoko lastele.
ujuv koolimaja Makoko lastele.
08:36
this three-story floating school
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2046
08:38
for the kids in Makoko.
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08:40
With this entire village existing on the water,
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Kuna terve küla asub vee peal,
08:43
public space is very limited,
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2423
on avalikku ruumi väga vähe.
08:46
so now that the school is finished,
197
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Seepärast on koolimaja
08:47
the ground floor is a playground for the kids,
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3374
alumisel korrusel mänguväljak,
08:51
but when classes are out, the platform
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519302
1867
aga kui tunnid on läbi,
08:53
is just like a town square,
200
521169
1571
saab sellest linnaväljak,
08:54
where the fishermen mend their nets
201
522740
2395
kus kalamehed parandavad võrke
08:57
and floating shopkeepers dock their boats.
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ja ujuvpoodide pidajad pargivad oma paate
09:01
Another place I'd like to share with you
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Järgmine koht,
mida tahaksin teiega jagada,
mida tahaksin teiega jagada,
09:03
is the Zabbaleen in Cairo.
204
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2048
on Zabbaleeni kogukond Kairos.
09:05
They're descendants of farmers who began migrating
205
533878
2759
Nad on 1940ndatel oma kodukohast
09:08
from the upper Egypt in the '40s,
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536637
2470
lahkunud talunike järeltulijad,
09:11
and today they make their living
207
539107
1426
kes teenivad elatist
09:12
by collecting and recycling waste from homes
208
540533
3190
kogudes ja ümbertöödeldes
Kairo majapidamiste prügi.
Kairo majapidamiste prügi.
09:15
from all over Cairo.
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543723
2251
09:17
For years, the Zabbaleen would live in makeshift villages
210
545974
3122
Aastaid elasid zabbaleenid
ajutistes külades
ajutistes külades
09:21
where they would move around
211
549096
1669
ja kolisid tihti,
09:22
trying to avoid the local authorities,
212
550765
2519
et vältida kohalikke võimuesindajaid,
09:25
but in the early 1980s, they settled
213
553284
2319
aga 1980ndatel jäid nad paikseks
09:27
on the Mokattam rocks
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555603
1717
Mokattami kaljudel
09:29
just at the eastern edge of the city.
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2649
Kairo idaserval.
09:31
Today, they live in this area,
216
559969
2031
Täna elab selles kogukonnas
09:34
approximately 50,000 to 70,000 people,
217
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2804
kokku umbes 50 000 – 70 000 inimest,
09:36
who live in this community of self-built
218
564804
2133
ise-ehitatud korrusmajades,
09:38
multi-story houses
219
566937
2180
kus ühes majapidamises elab
koos kuni kolm põlvkonda
koos kuni kolm põlvkonda
09:41
where up to three generations live in one structure.
220
569117
4293
09:45
While these apartments that they built for themselves
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2478
Korterid on ehitatud ilma
erilise planeeringuta
erilise planeeringuta
09:47
appear to lack any planning or formal grid,
222
575888
2985
09:50
each family specializing in a certain form of recycling
223
578873
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kuid kuna kõik pered
tegelevad ümbertöötlemisega,
tegelevad ümbertöötlemisega,
09:54
means that the ground floor of each apartment
224
582279
2233
on kõigi kodude alumine korrus
09:56
is reserved for garbage-related activities
225
584512
3657
mõeldud prügiga seotud tegevustele
10:00
and the upper floor is dedicated to living space.
226
588169
4023
ja ülemistel asuvad eluruumid.
10:04
I find it incredible to see
227
592192
1871
On hämmastav, kuidas need
meeletud prügihunnikud
meeletud prügihunnikud
10:06
how these piles and piles of garbage
228
594063
1936
10:07
are invisible to the people who live there,
229
595999
2511
on nähtamatud inimestele,
kes seal elavad –
kes seal elavad –
10:10
like this very distinguished man who is posing
230
598510
3400
nagu sellele väärikale härrale,
kes poseerib siin
kes poseerib siin
10:13
while all this garbage is sort of streaming out behind him,
231
601910
4209
jugadena voolava prügi taustal.
10:18
or like these two young men who are sitting
232
606119
2640
Või neile kahele noormehele,
10:20
and chatting amongst these tons of garbage.
233
608759
4852
kes istuvad ja ajavad juttu, hoolimata
neid kuhjadena ümbritsevast prügist.
neid kuhjadena ümbritsevast prügist.
10:25
While to most of us, living amongst
234
613611
1733
Kui enamikule meist tunduks
võimatu elada sellises prügimassis,
võimatu elada sellises prügimassis,
10:27
these piles and piles of garbage
235
615344
2088
10:29
may seem totally uninhabitable,
236
617432
2351
siis zabbaleenide jaoks
10:31
to those in the Zabbaleen, this is just
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619783
2090
10:33
a different type of normal.
238
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2479
on see omamoodi normaalsus.
10:36
In all these places I've talked about today,
239
624352
2637
Kõigis neis kohtades,
millest olen täna rääkinud,
millest olen täna rääkinud,
10:38
what I do find fascinating is that there's really
240
626989
2121
on minu jaoks avastus see,
et tegelikult polegi olemas
sellist asja nagu normaalsus
sellist asja nagu normaalsus
10:41
no such thing as normal,
241
629110
1598
10:42
and it proves that people are able to adapt
242
630708
2205
ja see tõestab, et inimesed
on võimelised kõikjal kohanema.
10:44
to any kind of situation.
243
632913
2375
10:47
Throughout the day, it's quite common
244
635288
1516
On üsna tavaline, et satute
väikesele tänavapeole –
väikesele tänavapeole –
10:48
to come across a small party taking place
245
636804
3348
10:52
in the streets, just like this engagement party.
246
640152
3844
nagu see kihluspidu siin.
10:55
In this tradition, the bride-to-be
247
643996
1987
Kombe kohaselt näitab pruut
10:57
displays all of their belongings,
248
645983
2145
kogu oma vara,
11:00
which they soon bring to their new husband.
249
648128
2194
mis viiakse peagi peigmehe juurde.
11:02
A gathering like this one
250
650322
2031
See sündmus toob esile kontrasti:
11:04
offers such a juxtaposition
251
652353
1897
11:06
where all the new stuff is displayed
252
654250
2778
uute asjade, mida näidatakse,
11:09
and all the garbage is used
253
657028
2366
ja prügi vahel, mida kasutatakse alusena
11:11
as props to display all their new home accessories.
254
659394
6637
uute asjade näitamiseks.
Nagu Makokos ja Torre Davidis,
11:18
Like Makoko and the Torre David,
255
666031
2166
11:20
throughout the Zabbaleen you'll find all
256
668197
1545
nii on ka zabbaleeni kogukonnas
11:21
the same facilities as in any typical neighborhood.
257
669742
3144
olemas kõik eluks vajalik,
nagu tavalises külas.
nagu tavalises külas.
11:24
There are the retail shops, the cafes
258
672886
2080
On poed ja kohvikud,
11:26
and the restaurants, and the community
259
674966
2320
restoranid ja usklike jaoks –
11:29
is this community of Coptic Christians,
260
677286
2941
seal on kopti kristlasti –
11:32
so you'll also find a church,
261
680227
2239
nende jaoks ka kirik
11:34
along with the scores of religious iconographies
262
682466
3445
ja terve hulk usulise sisuga pilte.
11:37
throughout the area,
263
685911
1758
11:39
and also all the everyday services
264
687669
3189
Muidugi on olemas ka
igapäevased teenused
igapäevased teenused
11:42
like the electronic repair shops,
265
690858
1799
nagu elektroonika remont,
11:44
the barbers, everything.
266
692657
3088
habemeajajad, kõik.
11:47
Visiting the homes of the Zabbaleen
267
695745
2173
Zabbaleeni kodude külastamine
11:49
is also full of surprises.
268
697918
1689
pakub alati üllatusi.
11:51
While from the outside,
269
699607
1512
Kui väljastpoolt on need
11:53
these homes look like any other informal structure
270
701119
2543
nagu mitteametlikud elamud ikka,
11:55
in the city, when you step inside,
271
703662
2318
siis siseruumid pakuvad
igasuguseid põnevaid
igasuguseid põnevaid
11:57
you are met with all manner of design decisions
272
705980
3863
disainilahendusi ja ruumide kaunistusi.
12:01
and interior decoration.
273
709843
2267
12:04
Despite having limited access to space and money,
274
712110
3164
Hoolimata piiratud ruumist ja eelarvest
12:07
the homes in the area are designed
275
715274
1879
on siinsed kodud kujundatud
12:09
with care and detail.
276
717153
1986
hoolega ja pisiasjadeni.
12:11
Every apartment is unique,
277
719139
2043
Iga kodu on eriline
12:13
and this individuality tells a story
278
721182
1793
ja see erilisus räägib
12:14
about each family's circumstances and values.
279
722975
3126
iga pere oludest ja väärtustest.
12:18
Many of these people take their homes
280
726101
2146
Paljud siinsed elanikud
12:20
and interior spaces very seriously,
281
728247
3168
võtavad oma kodust interjööri
väga tõsiselt.
väga tõsiselt.
12:23
putting a lot of work and care
282
731415
1507
Nad näevad palju vaeva detailidega.
12:24
into the details.
283
732922
1326
Ka ühistesse ruumidesse
suhtutakse samamoodi,
suhtutakse samamoodi,
12:26
The shared spaces are also treated in the same manner,
284
734248
3173
12:29
where walls are decorated in faux marble patterns.
285
737421
3857
siingi kaunistatakse seinu
marmorimustriga.
marmorimustriga.
12:33
But despite this elaborate decor,
286
741278
2983
Hoolimata külluslikust dekoorist
12:36
sometimes these apartments are used
287
744261
2554
kasutatakse kodusid mõnikord
12:38
in very unexpected ways,
288
746815
1810
päris ettearvamatult.
12:40
like this home which caught my attention
289
748625
2380
See kodu köitis mu tähelepanu,
12:43
while all the mud and the grass was literally
290
751005
3482
kuna selle ukse alt
imbus välja mulda ja muru.
12:46
seeping out under the front door.
291
754487
2487
12:48
When I was let in, it appeared that this fifth-floor apartment
292
756974
3799
Kui mind sisse kutsuti, ilmnes,
et see 5. korruse korter
12:52
was being transformed into a complete animal farm,
293
760773
3308
oli muudetud tõeliseks loomalaudaks,
12:56
where six or seven cows stood grazing
294
764081
2891
kus elas ja mäletses 6-7 lehma,
12:58
in what otherwise would be the living room.
295
766972
4672
kus muidu olnuks elutuba.
13:03
But then in the apartment across the hall
296
771644
3368
Aga lehmade vastaskorteris elab
13:07
from this cow shed lives a newly married couple
297
775012
2523
äsja abiellunud paar
13:09
in what locals describe
298
777535
1826
ja kohalike sõnul
13:11
as one of the nicest apartments in the area.
299
779361
8121
on see seal üks ilusamaid kortereid.
13:19
The attention to this detail astonished me,
300
787482
3226
Mind hämmastas, kui palju
on nähtud vaeva detailidega.
on nähtud vaeva detailidega.
13:22
and as the owner of the home so proudly
301
790708
2671
Uhkele omanikule korteris järgnedes
13:25
led me around this apartment,
302
793379
1986
märkasin seda kõikjal:
13:27
from floor to ceiling, every part was decorated.
303
795365
3716
iga asi, põrandast laeni, oli kaunistatud.
13:31
But if it weren't for the strangely familiar
304
799081
3802
Kui poleks olnud seda veidralt tuttavat,
13:34
stomach-churning odor that constantly
305
802883
2863
iiveldamaajavat lõhna,
13:37
passes through the apartment,
306
805746
3445
mis kogu korteris heljus,
13:41
it would be easy to forget
307
809191
2593
olnuks lihtne unustada,
13:43
that you are standing next to a cow shed
308
811784
2692
et seisame lehmalauda kõrval
13:46
and on top of a landfill.
309
814476
5497
prügimäe otsas.
13:51
What moved me the most was that despite
310
819973
2679
Mind liigutas aga enim see,
et hoolimata näiliselt
ebasõbralikest tingimustest
ebasõbralikest tingimustest
13:54
these seemingly inhospitable conditions,
311
822652
2034
13:56
I was welcomed with open arms
312
824686
1793
võeti mind avasüli vastu koju,
13:58
into a home that was made with love, care,
313
826479
3926
mis on loodud armastuse, hoole
ja piiritu kirega.
ja piiritu kirega.
14:02
and unreserved passion.
314
830405
2250
14:04
Let's move across the map to China,
315
832655
3384
Rändame nüüd Hiinasse,
14:08
to an area called Shanxi, Henan and Gansu.
316
836039
3887
Shanxi, Henani ja Gansu piirkonda.
14:11
In a region famous for the soft, porous Loess Plateau soil,
317
839926
3690
Pehme ja poorse Loessi platoo mulla
poolest tuntud alal
poolest tuntud alal
14:15
there lived until recently an estimated
318
843616
2683
elas kuni viimase ajani
14:18
40 million people in these houses underground.
319
846299
3869
ligi 40 miljonit inimest
nendes maa-alustes majades.
nendes maa-alustes majades.
14:22
These dwellings are called the yaodongs.
320
850168
2451
Need elamud on yaodongid.
14:24
Through this architecture by subtraction,
321
852619
2190
See on eemaldamise teel
loodud arhitektuur –
loodud arhitektuur –
14:26
these yaodongs are built literally inside of the soil.
322
854809
3587
yaodongid ehitatakse otse pinnasesse.
14:30
In these villages, you see an entirely altered landscape,
323
858396
3874
Neis külades näed inimese loodud maastikku
14:34
and hidden behind these mounds of dirt
324
862270
2746
ja maapinnas on peidus
14:37
are these square, rectangular houses
325
865016
2500
sellised neljakandilised majad,
14:39
which sit seven meters below the ground.
326
867516
2591
mis asuvad 7 meetri sügavusel.
14:42
When I asked people why they were digging
327
870107
1988
Kui küsisin kohalikelt, miks nad oma
14:44
their houses from the ground,
328
872095
1889
kodud maa sisse kaevavad,
14:45
they simply replied that they are poor wheat
329
873984
2023
vastasid nad, et on vaesed
14:48
and apple farmers who didn't have the money
330
876007
2180
nisu- ja õunakasvatajad,
kellel pole raha
kellel pole raha
14:50
to buy materials, and this digging out
331
878187
3401
et osta materjale ja
maa sisse kaevamine
maa sisse kaevamine
14:53
was their most logical form of living.
332
881588
4468
on nende jaoks kõige loogilisem eluviis.
14:58
From Makoko to Zabbaleen, these communities
333
886056
2898
Makokost zabbaleenideni on
sellised kogukonnad
sellised kogukonnad
15:00
have approached the tasks of planning,
334
888954
1999
lähenenud oma elukeskkonna
planeerimisele, disainile
ja elukorraldusele
ja elukorraldusele
15:02
design and management of their communities
335
890953
2399
15:05
and neighborhoods in ways that respond
336
893352
2379
täpselt nii, nagu seda dikteerib
15:07
specifically to their environment and circumstances.
337
895731
3910
olemasolev keskkond ja selle tingimused.
15:11
Created by these very people who live,
338
899641
2231
Kõik need kohad,
mille on rajanud inimesed,
mille on rajanud inimesed,
15:13
work and play in these particular spaces,
339
901872
3711
kes seal elavad, töötavad ja mängivad,
15:17
these neighborhoods are intuitively designed
340
905583
2997
on intuitiivselt kujundatud nii,
15:20
to make the most of their circumstances.
341
908580
3038
et kasutada maksimaalselt ära
olemasolevaid võimalusi.
olemasolevaid võimalusi.
15:23
In most of these places, the government
342
911618
1905
Enamikku neist kohtadest
ei ulatu ka võimude käsi,
ei ulatu ka võimude käsi,
15:25
is completely absent, leaving inhabitants
343
913523
2529
mistõttu ei jää elanikel muud üle,
15:28
with no choice but to reappropriate found materials,
344
916052
3919
kui hakkama saada käepäraste vahenditega.
15:31
and while these communities are highly disadvantaged,
345
919971
2972
Kuigi olud on väga ebasoodsad,
15:34
they do present examples
346
922943
2042
leidub neis kohtades tuhandeid näiteid
15:36
of brilliant forms of ingenuity,
347
924985
2448
säravast leidlikkusest
15:39
and prove that indeed we have the ability
348
927433
2328
ja tõendeid, et tõepoolest
suudetakse kohaneda kõigega.
suudetakse kohaneda kõigega.
15:41
to adapt to all manner of circumstances.
349
929761
3543
15:45
What makes places like the Torre David
350
933304
2193
Torre Davidi ehitise teeb
eriti väljapaistvaks see,
eriti väljapaistvaks see,
15:47
particularly remarkable
351
935497
1797
et tegu on karkassiga, raamistikuga
15:49
is this sort of skeleton framework
352
937294
1901
15:51
where people can have a foundation
353
939195
1622
mille külge inimesed
oma elu rajada saavad.
oma elu rajada saavad.
15:52
where they can tap into.
354
940817
2072
Kujutlege, mida need leidlikud
kogukonnad võiksid veel luua,
kogukonnad võiksid veel luua,
15:54
Now imagine what these already ingenious communities
355
942889
3098
15:57
could create themselves,
356
945987
2092
16:00
and how highly particular their solutions would be,
357
948079
2686
ja kui väljapaistvad oleksid
nende lahendused siis,
nende lahendused siis,
16:02
if they were given the basic infrastructures
358
950765
2542
kui neil oleksid olemas
olulisemad taristud,
olulisemad taristud,
16:05
that they could tap into.
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mida nad kasutada saaksid.
16:07
Today, you see these large residential development projects
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Täna näeme, kuidas
arendatakse suuri elamualasid,
arendatakse suuri elamualasid,
16:10
which offer cookie-cutter housing solutions
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mis pakuvad täpselt ühesuguseid kodusid
16:13
to massive amounts of people.
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hiigelsuurele arvule inimestele.
16:15
From China to Brazil, these projects attempt
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Hiinast Brasiiliani püüavad
sellised projektid
sellised projektid
16:17
to provide as many houses as possible,
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võimalikult palju kodusid luua,
16:20
but they're completely generic
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kuid need kõik on ühesugused
16:23
and simply do not work as an answer
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ja ei toimi vastusena
16:24
to the individual needs of the people.
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inimeste erinevatele vajadustele.
16:28
I would like to end with a quote
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Tahan lõpetada ühe tsitaadiga
16:30
from a friend of mine and a source of inspiration,
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oma sõbralt ja inspiratsiooni allikalt,
16:33
Zita Cobb, the founder of the wonderful
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Zita Cobb,
võrratu Shorefasti Fondi asutajat,
16:36
Shorefast Foundation,
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16:38
based out of Fogo Island, Newfoundland.
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mis asub Fogo saarel, Newfoundlandis.
16:41
She says that "there's this plague of sameness
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Ta on öelnud: "Ühetaolisuse katk
hukutab inimliku rõõmu,"
hukutab inimliku rõõmu,"
16:44
which is killing the human joy,"
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16:46
and I couldn't agree with her more.
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ja ma nõustun temaga täielikult.
16:48
Thank you.
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Aitäh.
16:49
(Applause)
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(aplaus)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Iwan Baan - Urban documentarianPhotographer Iwan Baan captures the many ways people shape their shared built environment -- from glossy starchitecture to handmade homes.
Why you should listen
Iwan Baan's interest in human connection is reflected in his ability to shift from architectural photographer to documentarian. In his photos of informal communities around the world, he shows how vernacular architecture and placemaking serve as examples of human ingenuity. His photography is a window into the world around us.
Iwan Baan | Speaker | TED.com