TED2006
Sir Ken Robinson: Do schools kill creativity?
Ken Robinson déclare que l’école anéantit la créativité.
Filmed:
Readability: 3.3
64,284,825 views
De façon divertissante et profondément émouvante, Sir Ken Robinson préconise la création d'un système d'éducation qui cultiverait la créativité plutôt que la décourager.
Ken Robinson - Author/educator
Creativity expert Sir Ken Robinson challenges the way we're educating our children. He champions a radical rethink of our school systems, to cultivate creativity and acknowledge multiple types of intelligence. Full bio
Creativity expert Sir Ken Robinson challenges the way we're educating our children. He champions a radical rethink of our school systems, to cultivate creativity and acknowledge multiple types of intelligence. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:24
Good morning. How are you?
0
0
4678
Bonjour. Comment allez-vous? C'était bien, n'est-ce pas?
00:28
(Laughter)
1
4702
1210
00:29
It's been great, hasn't it?
2
5936
2313
Ça m'a renversé.
00:32
I've been blown away by the whole thing.
3
8273
2456
00:34
In fact, I'm leaving.
4
10753
1492
D'ailleurs, je m'en vais. (Rire)
00:36
(Laughter)
5
12269
5567
Trois des thèmes qui ont prédominé
00:42
There have been three themes
running through the conference
running through the conference
6
18015
3207
au cours de cette conférence sont liés
00:45
which are relevant
to what I want to talk about.
to what I want to talk about.
7
21246
2507
au sujet que je veux aborder.
00:47
One is the extraordinary
evidence of human creativity
evidence of human creativity
8
23777
4690
D’abord, la démonstration époustouflante de créativité humaine,
00:52
in all of the presentations that we've had
9
28491
2413
tant dans les présentations que nous avons vues,
00:54
and in all of the people here.
10
30928
1801
que chez vous tous en terme de diversité
00:56
Just the variety of it
and the range of it.
and the range of it.
11
32753
2651
et d’ampleur. Deuxièmement, la réalisation
01:00
The second is
that it's put us in a place
that it's put us in a place
12
36158
2143
que nous ignorons ce que nous réserve l’avenir,
01:02
where we have no idea
what's going to happen,
what's going to happen,
13
38325
2497
01:04
in terms of the future.
14
40846
1391
nous n’avons aucune idée de
01:06
No idea how this may play out.
15
42261
2715
ce qui nous y attend.
01:09
I have an interest in education.
16
45000
1892
L'éducation m'intéresse--
01:10
Actually, what I find is everybody
has an interest in education.
has an interest in education.
17
46916
4132
en fait, je remarque que tout le monde s'y intéresse.
Pas vrai? C’est fascinant.
01:15
Don't you?
18
51072
1138
01:16
I find this very interesting.
19
52234
1481
Si, lors d’une soirée, vous mentionnez
01:17
If you're at a dinner party,
20
53739
1757
01:19
and you say you work in education --
21
55596
2262
que vous travaillez en éducation--
01:21
Actually, you're not often
at dinner parties, frankly.
at dinner parties, frankly.
22
57882
2964
quoiqu’on vous retrouve rarement dans des soirées si vous travaillez dans ce domaine.
01:24
(Laughter)
23
60870
3796
01:28
If you work in education,
you're not asked.
you're not asked.
24
64690
2428
(Rire) On ne vous y invite pas.
01:31
(Laughter)
25
67142
3091
Ou on ne vous y invite plus. C'est étrange.
01:34
And you're never asked back, curiously.
That's strange to me.
That's strange to me.
26
70257
3719
01:38
But if you are, and you say to somebody,
27
74000
2475
Mais si vous y êtes et qu'on vous demande
ce que vous faites dans la vie
01:40
you know, they say, "What do you do?"
28
76499
1777
et que vous dites que vous êtes en éducation,
01:42
and you say you work in education,
29
78300
1676
01:44
you can see the blood run from their face.
30
80000
2076
vous pouvez voir les gens blêmir. Ils se disent,
01:46
They're like, "Oh my God,"
you know, "Why me?"
you know, "Why me?"
31
82100
2280
« Qu'est-ce que j'ai fait au bon Dieu? Ma seule sortie de la semaine! » (Rire)
01:48
(Laughter)
32
84404
1637
01:50
"My one night out all week."
33
86065
1623
01:51
(Laughter)
34
87712
2610
Mais si vous les interrogez sur leur éducation,
01:54
But if you ask about their education,
they pin you to the wall.
they pin you to the wall.
35
90346
3241
ils en ont long à dire. Car c'est quelque chose
01:57
Because it's one of those things
that goes deep with people, am I right?
that goes deep with people, am I right?
36
93611
3467
qui vient chercher les gens, pas vrai?
Tout comme la religion et l'argent, etc...
02:01
Like religion, and money and other things.
37
97194
3341
Je pense que nous portons tous un grand intérêt à l’éducation.
02:04
So I have a big interest in education,
and I think we all do.
and I think we all do.
38
100559
4352
Nous avons avantage à le faire,
02:08
We have a huge vested interest in it,
39
104935
1892
parce que c’est le rôle de l'éducation
02:10
partly because it's education
that's meant to take us into this future
that's meant to take us into this future
40
106851
3320
de nous outiller pour l’avenir.
02:14
that we can't grasp.
41
110195
1519
02:15
If you think of it,
children starting school this year
children starting school this year
42
111873
3499
Les enfants qui commencent l'école cette année
seront à la retraite en 2065. Personne ne sait--
02:19
will be retiring in 2065.
43
115396
3524
02:24
Nobody has a clue,
44
120209
1634
malgré tout ce que nous avons entendu ici ces derniers jours—
02:25
despite all the expertise that's been
on parade for the past four days,
on parade for the past four days,
45
121867
3444
à quoi le monde ressemblera
02:29
what the world will look like
in five years' time.
in five years' time.
46
125450
2526
dans cinq ans. Et pourtant, on doit
02:32
And yet we're meant
to be educating them for it.
to be educating them for it.
47
128000
2294
y préparer les enfants. Cette imprévisibilité
02:34
So the unpredictability,
I think, is extraordinary.
I think, is extraordinary.
48
130318
2550
est inouïe.
02:36
And the third part of this
49
132892
1367
En dernier lieu,
02:38
is that we've all agreed, nonetheless,
50
134283
2037
nous sommes tous d'avis
02:40
on the really extraordinary
capacities that children have --
capacities that children have --
51
136344
5305
que les enfants ont le génie
02:45
their capacities for innovation.
52
141673
2334
de l'innovation. Hier, Sirena était fantastique,
02:48
I mean, Sirena last night
was a marvel, wasn't she?
was a marvel, wasn't she?
53
144031
2511
n'est-ce pas? C'est incroyable ce qu'elle sait faire.
02:50
Just seeing what she could do.
54
146566
1610
Elle est exceptionnelle, mais je ne crois pas qu'elle soit
02:52
And she's exceptional, but I think
she's not, so to speak,
she's not, so to speak,
55
148200
4776
02:57
exceptional in the whole of childhood.
56
153000
3956
une enfant exceptionnelle.
C'est surtout une personne remarquablement déterminée
03:00
What you have there is a person
of extraordinary dedication
of extraordinary dedication
57
156980
2796
qui s'est découvert un talent. Et selon moi,
03:03
who found a talent.
58
159800
1267
tous les enfants ont des talents remarquables
03:05
And my contention is,
all kids have tremendous talents.
all kids have tremendous talents.
59
161091
2609
que nous gaspillons sans pitié.
03:07
And we squander them, pretty ruthlessly.
60
163800
1976
C'est pourquoi je veux parler d'éducation et
03:09
So I want to talk about education
61
165800
2176
03:12
and I want to talk about creativity.
62
168000
1872
de créativité. Selon moi,
03:13
My contention is that creativity now
is as important in education as literacy,
is as important in education as literacy,
63
169896
6019
la créativité est aussi primordiale que savoir lire et écrire
et devrait être traitée avec le même égard.
03:19
and we should treat it
with the same status.
with the same status.
64
175939
2864
(Applaudissements) Merci. C'est tout ce que j'avais à dire.
03:22
(Applause) Thank you.
65
178827
1971
03:24
(Applause)
66
180822
4345
03:29
That was it, by the way.
67
185485
1259
Merci beaucoup. (Rire). Il me reste quinze minutes à tuer.
03:30
Thank you very much.
68
186768
1003
03:31
(Laughter)
69
187795
2115
03:33
So, 15 minutes left.
70
189934
1677
Eh bien, je suis né... (Rire)
03:35
(Laughter)
71
191635
2936
03:38
Well, I was born... no.
72
194595
1892
03:40
(Laughter)
73
196511
3032
On m'a récemment raconté une anecdote au sujet
03:43
I heard a great story recently
-- I love telling it --
-- I love telling it --
74
199567
2745
d'une fillette dans un cours de dessin. Elle avait six ans
03:46
of a little girl
who was in a drawing lesson.
who was in a drawing lesson.
75
202336
2715
et dessinait au fond de la classe.
03:49
She was six, and she was
at the back, drawing,
at the back, drawing,
76
205075
2135
La maîtresse disait que cette fillette était
03:51
and the teacher said this girl
hardly ever paid attention,
hardly ever paid attention,
77
207234
2800
toujours distraite mais pas pendant ce cours de dessin.
03:54
and in this drawing lesson, she did.
78
210058
1786
03:55
The teacher was fascinated.
79
211868
1340
Intriguée, la maîtresse est allée la voir
03:57
She went over to her,
and she said, "What are you drawing?"
and she said, "What are you drawing?"
80
213232
2762
pour lui demander ce qu'elle dessinait.
04:00
And the girl said, "I'm
drawing a picture of God."
drawing a picture of God."
81
216018
2491
La fillette lui dit, « Je fais un dessin de Dieu. »
04:03
And the teacher said, "But nobody
knows what God looks like."
knows what God looks like."
82
219642
3318
Et la maîtresse lui dit, « Mais personne ne sait à quoi ressemble Dieu. »
04:06
And the girl said,
"They will, in a minute."
"They will, in a minute."
83
222984
2088
Et la fillette de répliquer, « Ils le sauront dans un instant. »
04:09
(Laughter)
84
225096
6782
(Rire)
Quand mon fils avait quatre ans en Angleterre--
04:20
When my son was four in England --
85
236662
2267
à vrai dire, il avait quatre ans partout. (Rire)
04:23
Actually, he was four
everywhere, to be honest.
everywhere, to be honest.
86
239413
2191
En fait, il avait quatre ans où qu'il aille cette année-là.
04:25
(Laughter)
87
241628
1667
04:27
If we're being strict about it,
wherever he went, he was four that year.
wherever he went, he was four that year.
88
243404
3387
Il a donc joué dans la pièce de la Nativité.
04:30
He was in the Nativity play.
Do you remember the story?
Do you remember the story?
89
246815
2638
Vous vous rappelez de l'histoire? C'était une histoire
04:33
(Laughter)
90
249477
1219
04:34
No, it was big, it was a big story.
91
250720
1827
très populaire. Mel Gibson en a tourné la suite :
04:36
Mel Gibson did the sequel,
you may have seen it.
you may have seen it.
92
252571
2305
« Nativité II ». Bref, James a décroché le rôle de Joseph,
04:38
(Laughter)
93
254900
1261
04:40
"Nativity II."
94
256185
1310
04:41
But James got the part of Joseph,
which we were thrilled about.
which we were thrilled about.
95
257519
4135
et nous étions ravis.
04:45
We considered this to be
one of the lead parts.
one of the lead parts.
96
261678
2537
Pour nous, c'était un des rôles principaux.
La salle était bondée d'amis portant des T-shirts avec :
04:48
We had the place crammed
full of agents in T-shirts:
full of agents in T-shirts:
97
264239
2477
« James Robinson EST Joseph! » (Rire)
04:50
"James Robinson IS Joseph!" (Laughter)
98
266740
2236
04:53
He didn't have to speak,
99
269000
1607
Il y avait une scène où il n'avait pas de réplique :
04:54
but you know the bit
where the three kings come in?
where the three kings come in?
100
270631
2438
celle où les trois rois mages apportent
04:57
They come in bearing gifts,
gold, frankincense and myrrh.
gold, frankincense and myrrh.
101
273093
2731
de l'or, de l'encens et de la myrrhe.
04:59
This really happened.
102
275848
1114
Voici ce qui est arrivé--
05:00
We were sitting there and I think
they just went out of sequence,
they just went out of sequence,
103
276986
3090
je crois qu'ils avaient perdu le fil de l'histoire
parce que nous avons demandé plus tard au garçon
05:04
because we talked to the little boy
afterward and we said,
afterward and we said,
104
280100
2776
s'il était content de son travail et il a dit : « Mais oui. Pourquoi pas? »
05:06
"You OK with that?" And he said,
"Yeah, why? Was that wrong?"
"Yeah, why? Was that wrong?"
105
282900
2876
En fait, ils avaient interchangé leurs répliques.
05:09
They just switched.
106
285800
1076
Bref, ils arrivent sur scène,
05:10
The three boys came in,
107
286900
1176
trois enfants avec des torchons sur la tête
05:12
four-year-olds with tea towels
on their heads,
on their heads,
108
288100
2187
et en déposant leurs boîtes
05:14
and they put these boxes down,
109
290311
1491
05:15
and the first boy said,
"I bring you gold."
"I bring you gold."
110
291826
2049
le premier dit, « Voici, pour toi, de l'or. »
05:17
And the second boy said,
"I bring you myrrh."
"I bring you myrrh."
111
293899
2138
le deuxième dit, « Voici, pour toi, de la myrrhe. »
05:20
And the third boy said, "Frank sent this."
112
296061
2004
et le troisième dit, « Ça, c'est pour Vincent. »
05:22
(Laughter)
113
298089
2900
05:34
What these things have in common
is that kids will take a chance.
is that kids will take a chance.
114
310711
3090
Conclusion: les enfants sont audacieux.
S'ils ne savent pas quelque chose, ils improvisent.
05:37
If they don't know, they'll have a go.
115
313825
2608
Pas vrai? Ils n'ont pas peur de se tromper.
05:40
Am I right? They're not
frightened of being wrong.
frightened of being wrong.
116
316457
3537
Je ne veux pas dire que commettre une erreur soit la même chose qu'être créatif.
05:44
I don't mean to say that being wrong
is the same thing as being creative.
is the same thing as being creative.
117
320893
3507
Mais
05:48
What we do know is,
if you're not prepared to be wrong,
if you're not prepared to be wrong,
118
324886
3090
si on a toujours peur de se tromper,
05:52
you'll never come up
with anything original --
with anything original --
119
328000
2367
on n'aboutit jamais à rien d'original.
05:54
if you're not prepared to be wrong.
120
330391
2085
Et rendus à l'âge adulte,
05:56
And by the time they get to be adults,
most kids have lost that capacity.
most kids have lost that capacity.
121
332877
4133
la plupart des enfants ont perdu cette faculté.
Ils en viennent à avoir peur de se tromper.
06:01
They have become
frightened of being wrong.
frightened of being wrong.
122
337406
2520
Et c'est ainsi que nous menons nos entreprises.
06:03
And we run our companies like this.
123
339950
1690
Les erreurs y sont condamnées.
06:05
We stigmatize mistakes.
124
341664
1652
06:07
And we're now running
national education systems
national education systems
125
343340
2302
Et dans les systèmes d'éducation nationale,
06:09
where mistakes are the worst
thing you can make.
thing you can make.
126
345666
2346
les erreurs ne sont pas tolérées.
06:12
And the result is that
we are educating people
we are educating people
127
348700
3208
C'est pourquoi l'éducation finit par nous dépouiller
06:15
out of their creative capacities.
128
351932
2291
de notre créativité. Picasso disait
06:18
Picasso once said this, he said
that all children are born artists.
that all children are born artists.
129
354247
4478
que les enfants naissent artistes.
06:22
The problem is to remain an artist
as we grow up.
as we grow up.
130
358749
3222
La difficulté est de le demeurer en grandissant. Je crois ardemment
06:25
I believe this passionately,
that we don't grow into creativity,
that we don't grow into creativity,
131
361995
3081
que plutôt que de grandir avec nous,
notre créativité décroît avec l'âge. L'école nous en dépouille.
06:29
we grow out of it.
132
365100
1856
06:30
Or rather, we get educated out if it.
133
366980
1883
Pourquoi?
06:33
So why is this?
134
369247
1473
J'ai vécu à Stratford-on-Avon jusqu'à ce que nous déménagions
06:34
I lived in Stratford-on-Avon
until about five years ago.
until about five years ago.
135
370826
4081
à Los Angeles il y a cinq ans.
06:38
In fact, we moved
from Stratford to Los Angeles.
from Stratford to Los Angeles.
136
374931
2253
Vous pouvez imaginer à quel point ceci a été facile.
06:41
So you can imagine
what a seamless transition that was.
what a seamless transition that was.
137
377872
2664
(Rire) Nous habitions
06:44
(Laughter)
138
380560
1416
06:46
Actually, we lived in a place
called Snitterfield,
called Snitterfield,
139
382000
2376
à Snitterfield,
en banlieue de Stratford, là où
06:48
just outside Stratford,
140
384400
1251
06:49
which is where
Shakespeare's father was born.
Shakespeare's father was born.
141
385675
2161
le père de Shakespeare est né. Pensez-vous à ce que je pense?
06:52
Are you struck by a new thought? I was.
142
388082
2375
06:54
You don't think of Shakespeare
having a father, do you?
having a father, do you?
143
390481
2595
Difficile d'imaginer Shakespeare ayant un père, pas vrai?
Parce qu'on a du mal à imaginer
06:57
Do you? Because you don't think
of Shakespeare being a child, do you?
of Shakespeare being a child, do you?
144
393100
3876
Shakespeare étant enfant, non?
07:01
Shakespeare being seven?
145
397000
1567
Shakespeare à sept ans? C'est impensable. Enfin, il a bien eu
07:02
I never thought of it.
146
398591
1249
07:03
I mean, he was seven at some point.
147
399864
1684
sept ans comme tout le monde. Il était
07:05
He was in somebody's
English class, wasn't he?
English class, wasn't he?
148
401572
2310
dans la classe d'anglais de quelqu'un, non? Imaginez le pauvre professeur :
07:07
(Laughter)
149
403906
6787
07:14
How annoying would that be?
150
410717
1329
« Allez, tu peux faire mieux. » (Rire) Et que lui disait son père au coucher?
07:16
(Laughter)
151
412070
3000
07:23
"Must try harder."
152
419729
1035
07:24
(Laughter)
153
420788
3900
07:28
Being sent to bed by his dad, you know,
to Shakespeare, "Go to bed, now!
to Shakespeare, "Go to bed, now!
154
424712
3464
« Au lit! Et maintenant!
Dépose ton crayon!
07:32
And put the pencil down."
155
428200
2428
Et arrête de parler de cette façon! On ne comprend rien. »
07:34
(Laughter)
156
430652
1074
07:35
"And stop speaking like that."
157
431750
1555
07:37
(Laughter)
158
433329
3891
07:41
"It's confusing everybody."
159
437244
1324
(Rire)
07:42
(Laughter)
160
438592
5123
Bref, nous sommes déménagés à Los Angeles
07:47
Anyway, we moved
from Stratford to Los Angeles,
from Stratford to Los Angeles,
161
443739
5338
et j'aimerais parler brièvement de cette transition.
07:53
and I just want to say a word
about the transition.
about the transition.
162
449101
2441
Mon fils ne voulait pas venir.
07:55
My son didn't want to come.
163
451566
1410
07:57
I've got two kids;
he's 21 now, my daughter's 16.
he's 21 now, my daughter's 16.
164
453000
2976
J'ai deux enfants. Lui a maintenant 21 ans et ma fille, seize.
08:00
He didn't want to come to Los Angeles.
165
456000
2044
Il aimait Los Angeles, mais ne voulait pas y venir,
car il avait une petite amie en Angleterre: Sarah, l'amour de sa vie.
08:02
He loved it, but he had
a girlfriend in England.
a girlfriend in England.
166
458068
2956
08:05
This was the love of his life, Sarah.
167
461048
3603
Ils se fréquentaient depuis un mois.
08:08
He'd known her for a month.
168
464761
1375
Ils avaient même fêté leur quatrième anniversaire,
08:10
(Laughter)
169
466160
1350
08:11
Mind you, they'd had
their fourth anniversary,
their fourth anniversary,
170
467534
2256
ce qui n'est pas peu dire quand on a 16 ans.
08:13
because it's a long time when you're 16.
171
469814
2939
Bref, il était très triste sur l'avion:
08:16
He was really upset on the plane,
172
472777
1661
« Jamais je ne trouverai une autre fille comme Sarah »,
08:18
he said, "I'll never find
another girl like Sarah."
another girl like Sarah."
173
474462
2461
ce qui, je dois l’avouer, nous réjouissait beaucoup
08:20
And we were rather pleased
about that, frankly --
about that, frankly --
174
476947
2378
parce que c’est surtout à cause d'elle que nous quittions le pays.
08:23
(Laughter)
175
479349
2900
08:31
Because she was the main reason
we were leaving the country.
we were leaving the country.
176
487395
2881
(Rire)
08:34
(Laughter)
177
490300
3000
Ce qui est frappant aux États-Unis
comme partout ailleurs au monde c’est que
08:40
But something strikes you
when you move to America
when you move to America
178
496059
2342
tous les systèmes d'éducation ont la même hiérarchie de matières.
08:42
and travel around the world:
179
498425
1366
08:43
Every education system on Earth
has the same hierarchy of subjects.
has the same hierarchy of subjects.
180
499815
3378
Tous. Peu importe où vous allez.
08:47
Every one. Doesn't matter where you go.
181
503537
1955
Difficile à croire, mais vrai.
08:49
You'd think it would be
otherwise, but it isn't.
otherwise, but it isn't.
182
505516
2270
Au premier rang, il y a les mathématiques et les langues.
08:51
At the top are mathematics and languages,
183
507810
1966
Ensuite, les lettres, et au dernier rang, il y a les arts.
08:53
then the humanities,
and at the bottom are the arts.
and at the bottom are the arts.
184
509800
2434
Partout au monde.
08:56
Everywhere on Earth.
185
512258
1118
De plus, dans presque tous les systèmes,
08:57
And in pretty much every system too,
there's a hierarchy within the arts.
there's a hierarchy within the arts.
186
513400
4095
il y a une hiérachie au sein des arts.
09:01
Art and music are normally
given a higher status in schools
given a higher status in schools
187
517519
2857
On accorde plus d'importance à la peinture et la musique
qu'au théâtre et à la danse. Il n’existe pas de système d'éducation
09:04
than drama and dance.
188
520400
1167
09:05
There isn't an education
system on the planet
system on the planet
189
521591
2256
où la danse est enseignée quotidiennement aux enfants
09:07
that teaches dance everyday to children
190
523871
2058
comme le sont les mathématiques. Pourquoi?
09:09
the way we teach them mathematics. Why?
191
525953
2047
Pourquoi pas? C'est pourtant important.
09:12
Why not? I think this is rather important.
192
528524
2701
La danse est aussi essentielle que les mathématiques.
09:15
I think math is very
important, but so is dance.
important, but so is dance.
193
531249
2303
Les enfants dansent constamment, si ça leur est permis, nous aussi.
09:17
Children dance all the time
if they're allowed to, we all do.
if they're allowed to, we all do.
194
533576
2900
Nous avons tous un corps, non? Ou je me trompe?
09:20
We all have bodies, don't we?
Did I miss a meeting?
Did I miss a meeting?
195
536500
2476
09:23
(Laughter)
196
539000
3338
(Rire) À vrai dire, ce qui se produit c’est que
09:26
Truthfully, what happens is,
as children grow up,
as children grow up,
197
542510
2335
plus les enfants grandissent, plus on les éduque
09:28
we start to educate them progressively
from the waist up.
from the waist up.
198
544869
2768
de la taille en montant. Ensuite, on se concentre sur leur tête
09:31
And then we focus on their heads.
199
547661
1625
et sur un côté en particulier.
09:33
And slightly to one side.
200
549310
1490
Si les martiens venaient observer notre système éducatif
09:35
If you were to visit
education, as an alien,
education, as an alien,
201
551319
2657
09:38
and say "What's it for, public education?"
202
554000
2976
et nous demandaient à quoi sert l'éducation publique,
09:41
I think you'd have to conclude,
if you look at the output,
if you look at the output,
203
557000
2776
il nous faudrait statuer sur les résultats:
qui y trouve vraiment son compte,
09:43
who really succeeds by this,
204
559800
1376
qui s'accomplit,
09:45
who does everything that they should,
205
561200
1776
09:47
who gets all the brownie
points, who are the winners --
points, who are the winners --
206
563000
2731
qui a le plus d’étoiles dans son cahier, qui sont les gagnants—
09:49
I think you'd have to conclude
the whole purpose of public education
the whole purpose of public education
207
565755
3339
il nous faudrait conclure que la raison d'être de l'éducation publique
partout au monde
09:53
throughout the world
208
569118
1097
est de former des professeurs d'université, non?
09:54
is to produce university professors.
209
570239
1953
09:56
Isn't it?
210
572216
1311
09:57
They're the people who come out the top.
211
573551
1983
Ce sont eux les grands gagnants.
09:59
And I used to be one, so there.
212
575558
2179
J'en étais un, alors voilà. (Rire)
10:01
(Laughter)
213
577761
2636
J'aime bien les professeurs d'université, mais
10:04
And I like university
professors, but you know,
professors, but you know,
214
580421
3101
10:07
we shouldn't hold them up
215
583546
1475
il ne faut pas les mettre sur un piédestal.
10:09
as the high-water mark
of all human achievement.
of all human achievement.
216
585045
2931
10:12
They're just a form of life,
217
588000
1976
Ils ne sont qu'une forme de vie
10:14
another form of life.
218
590000
1560
parmi tant d’autres. Ils sont plutôt étranges
10:15
But they're rather curious, and I say this
out of affection for them.
out of affection for them.
219
591584
3298
et c'est avec affection que je le dis.
Il y a quelque chose de singulier chez les professeurs à mon avis.
10:18
There's something curious
about professors in my experience --
about professors in my experience --
220
594906
2970
De façon générale, ils vivent dans leur tête.
10:21
not all of them, but typically,
they live in their heads.
they live in their heads.
221
597900
2676
Ils vivent là-haut. Et surtout d'un côté.
10:24
They live up there,
and slightly to one side.
and slightly to one side.
222
600600
2143
Ils sont littéralement désincarnés.
10:27
They're disembodied, you know,
in a kind of literal way.
in a kind of literal way.
223
603495
3374
Ils perçoivent leur corps
10:30
They look upon their body as a form
of transport for their heads.
of transport for their heads.
224
606893
3093
comme étant un moyen de transport pour leur tête.
10:34
(Laughter)
225
610010
6166
10:40
Don't they?
226
616200
1016
(Rire) C'est le véhicule qui amène leurs têtes aux réunions.
10:41
It's a way of getting
their head to meetings.
their head to meetings.
227
617240
2222
10:43
(Laughter)
228
619486
5512
Si vous voulez observer des gens qui vivent hors de leur corps,
10:49
If you want real evidence
of out-of-body experiences,
of out-of-body experiences,
229
625022
3830
vous n'avez qu'à vous rendre à une conférence locale
10:52
get yourself along to a residential
conference of senior academics,
conference of senior academics,
230
628876
3486
d'universitaires
et le soir de clôture allez faire un tour à la discothèque.
10:56
and pop into the discotheque
on the final night.
on the final night.
231
632386
2243
10:58
(Laughter)
232
634653
2801
(Rire) Vous y verrez des hommes et des femmes d'âge adulte
11:01
And there, you will see it.
233
637478
1356
11:02
Grown men and women
writhing uncontrollably, off the beat.
writhing uncontrollably, off the beat.
234
638858
4118
se déhancher sans maîtrise, ni rythme,
11:07
(Laughter)
235
643000
2867
dans le seul but de retourner à la maison pour écrire une thèse sur le sujet.
11:09
Waiting until it ends so they can
go home and write a paper about it.
go home and write a paper about it.
236
645891
3325
Notre système d'éducation est fondé sur la notion d’aptitude scolaire
11:13
(Laughter)
237
649240
1904
11:15
Our education system is predicated
on the idea of academic ability.
on the idea of academic ability.
238
651168
3843
et voici pourquoi:
11:19
And there's a reason.
239
655035
1241
Le système d'éducation publique
11:20
Around the world, there were
no public systems of education,
no public systems of education,
240
656300
3556
date du 19e siècle.
11:23
really, before the 19th century.
241
659880
2106
On l’a implanté pour répondre
11:26
They all came into being
to meet the needs of industrialism.
to meet the needs of industrialism.
242
662010
2957
aux exigences de l'industrialisme.
Cette hiérarchie repose donc sur deux principes.
11:29
So the hierarchy is rooted on two ideas.
243
665269
2163
Le premier veut que les matières qui priment soient
11:31
Number one, that the most useful
subjects for work are at the top.
subjects for work are at the top.
244
667456
4597
celles qui seront les plus utiles pour le travail. Enfant, on vous détournait
11:36
So you were
probably steered benignly away
probably steered benignly away
245
672077
2031
des choses que vous aimiez faire à l'école,
11:38
from things at school when you
were a kid, things you liked,
were a kid, things you liked,
246
674132
2934
sous prétexte qu'il
n'y avait là aucun débouché pour vous. Pas vrai?
11:41
on the grounds that you would
never get a job doing that. Is that right?
never get a job doing that. Is that right?
247
677090
3386
« Ne joue pas de la musique, tu ne seras pas musicien;
11:44
Don't do music, you're not
going to be a musician;
going to be a musician;
248
680500
2381
ne peins pas, tu ne seras pas artiste. »
11:46
don't do art, you won't be an artist.
249
682905
1801
11:48
Benign advice -- now, profoundly mistaken.
250
684730
3420
Conseil bénin oui, mais ô combien erroné! Le monde entier
11:52
The whole world
is engulfed in a revolution.
is engulfed in a revolution.
251
688174
2145
est en révolution.
Et le deuxième principe, c’est l’aptitude scolaire par laquelle on en est venu
11:54
And the second is academic ability,
252
690343
2097
11:56
which has really come to dominate
our view of intelligence,
our view of intelligence,
253
692464
2885
à mesurer l’intelligence,
car les universités ont conçu un système à leur image.
11:59
because the universities designed
the system in their image.
the system in their image.
254
695373
2903
En fait, tout le système
12:02
If you think of it, the whole system
of public education around the world
of public education around the world
255
698300
3494
d'éducation publique n'est que l'interminable préambule
d'admission à l'université.
12:05
is a protracted process
of university entrance.
of university entrance.
256
701818
2226
En conséquence, plusieurs personnes talentueuses,
12:08
And the consequence
is that many highly-talented,
is that many highly-talented,
257
704068
2333
douées et créatives croient ne pas l'être
12:10
brilliant, creative
people think they're not,
people think they're not,
258
706425
2435
parce que plutôt que valoriser
12:12
because the thing
they were good at at school
they were good at at school
259
708884
2138
leur talent, l'école l'a dénigré.
12:15
wasn't valued,
or was actually stigmatized.
or was actually stigmatized.
260
711046
2108
12:17
And I think we can't afford
to go on that way.
to go on that way.
261
713383
2296
Ça ne peut plus continuer ainsi.
12:19
In the next 30 years, according to UNESCO,
262
715703
2464
Selon l'UNESCO, d'ici 30 ans,
plus de gens seront diplômés dans le monde
12:22
more people worldwide will be graduating
263
718191
2810
que jamais auparavant.
12:25
through education
than since the beginning of history.
than since the beginning of history.
264
721025
2546
C’est la résultante
12:27
More people, and it's the combination
of all the things we've talked about --
of all the things we've talked about --
265
723595
3681
de tout ce qui a été discuté ici:
la technologie et son impact sur le travail, la démographie
12:31
technology and its transformation
effect on work, and demography
effect on work, and demography
266
727300
3048
et l'énorme prolifération de la population.
12:34
and the huge explosion in population.
267
730372
1804
De nous jours, un diplôme ne vaut plus rien, pas vrai?
12:36
Suddenly, degrees aren't worth anything.
268
732200
2865
Quand j'étais étudiant, un diplôme garantissait un emploi.
12:39
Isn't that true?
269
735089
1380
12:40
When I was a student,
if you had a degree, you had a job.
if you had a degree, you had a job.
270
736723
2753
Si on ne trouvait pas d'emploi, c'était parce qu'on n'en voulait pas.
12:43
If you didn't have a job,
it's because you didn't want one.
it's because you didn't want one.
271
739500
2776
Et, pour tout dire, c'était mon cas. (Rire)
12:46
And I didn't want one, frankly. (Laughter)
272
742300
2676
12:49
But now kids with degrees
273
745000
4074
Mais aujourd'hui, les jeunes diplômés
12:53
are often heading home
to carry on playing video games,
to carry on playing video games,
274
749098
3045
retournent jouer à leurs jeux vidéo
parce que de nos jours on exige une maîtrise là où on exigeait un bac
12:56
because you need an MA where
the previous job required a BA,
the previous job required a BA,
275
752167
3198
et on exige un doctorat pour tout le reste.
12:59
and now you need a PhD for the other.
276
755389
1787
C'est un phénomène d'inflation académique.
13:01
It's a process of academic inflation.
277
757200
1776
13:03
And it indicates the whole
structure of education
structure of education
278
759000
2376
Cela démontre que toute la structure de l'éducation
est en changement. Nous devons modifier radicalement
13:05
is shifting beneath our feet.
279
761400
1433
13:06
We need to radically rethink
our view of intelligence.
our view of intelligence.
280
762857
2620
notre perception de l'intelligence.
Nous savons trois choses sur l'intelligence.
13:09
We know three things about intelligence.
281
765501
1995
D'abord, elle est variée. Nous percevons le monde
13:11
One, it's diverse.
282
767520
1227
13:12
We think about the world in all the ways
that we experience it.
that we experience it.
283
768771
3005
avec tous nos sens. Nous le percevons de manière
visuelle, auditive et kinesthésique.
13:15
We think visually, we think in sound,
we think kinesthetically.
we think kinesthetically.
284
771800
2976
Nous le percevons en termes abstraits et par le mouvement.
13:18
We think in abstract terms,
we think in movement.
we think in movement.
285
774800
2301
Ensuite, l'intelligence est active.
13:21
Secondly, intelligence is dynamic.
286
777246
1754
Selon les maintes études sur les interactions du cerveau humain
13:23
If you look at the interactions
of a human brain,
of a human brain,
287
779587
2389
13:26
as we heard yesterday
from a number of presentations,
from a number of presentations,
288
782000
2976
qui nous ont été présentées hier,
13:29
intelligence is wonderfully interactive.
289
785000
1976
l'intelligence est remarquablement interactive.
13:31
The brain isn't divided into compartments.
290
787000
2238
Le cerveau n'est pas divisé en compartiments.
13:33
In fact, creativity --
which I define as the process
which I define as the process
291
789873
3103
En fait, la créativité -- que je définis comme étant la création
13:37
of having original ideas
that have value --
that have value --
292
793000
2325
d'idées originales et méritoires —
provient surtout du résultat de l'interaction
13:39
more often than not comes about
through the interaction
through the interaction
293
795349
2652
entre nos différents systèmes de perception.
13:42
of different disciplinary
ways of seeing things.
ways of seeing things.
294
798025
3000
Soit dit en passant,
13:46
By the way, there's a shaft of nerves
that joins the two halves of the brain
that joins the two halves of the brain
295
802310
3666
les deux hémisphères du cerveau sont reliés par un conduit
13:50
called the corpus callosum.
296
806000
1491
appelé le corps calleux. Il est plus développé chez les femmes.
13:51
It's thicker in women.
297
807515
1266
Selon ce que disait Helen hier,
13:53
Following off from Helen yesterday,
298
809088
1741
c'est ce qui expliquerait l'avantage des femmes en multiplicité des tâches.
13:54
this is probably why women
are better at multi-tasking.
are better at multi-tasking.
299
810853
3123
13:58
Because you are, aren't you?
300
814000
1817
N'est-ce pas?
13:59
There's a raft of research,
but I know it from my personal life.
but I know it from my personal life.
301
815841
3207
Plusieurs études le prouvent et ma vie personnelle aussi.
Quand ma femme cuisine à la maison—
14:03
If my wife is cooking a meal at home --
which is not often, thankfully.
which is not often, thankfully.
302
819738
5238
ce qui est rare, Dieu merci. (Rire)
14:09
(Laughter)
303
825000
2854
Mais bon, elle a du talent dans d'autres domaines.
14:11
No, she's good at some things,
but if she's cooking,
but if she's cooking,
304
827878
2498
Il reste que lorsqu'elle cuisine,
elle peut en même temps parler au téléphone,
14:14
she's dealing with people on the phone,
305
830400
1876
s'occuper des enfants, repeindre le plafond
14:16
she's talking to the kids,
she's painting the ceiling,
she's painting the ceiling,
306
832300
2556
14:18
she's doing open-heart surgery over here.
307
834880
3096
tout en faisant une opération à coeur ouvert.
14:22
If I'm cooking, the door
is shut, the kids are out,
is shut, the kids are out,
308
838000
2976
Quand je cuisine, je ferme la porte, les enfants sont sortis,
14:25
the phone's on the hook,
if she comes in I get annoyed.
if she comes in I get annoyed.
309
841000
2976
je débranche le téléphone et si elle entre, je m'impatiente:
14:28
I say, "Terry, please,
I'm trying to fry an egg in here."
I'm trying to fry an egg in here."
310
844000
3071
«De grâce Terry laisse-moi tranquille! Tu vois bien que j'essaie de me cuire un œuf!» (Rire)
14:31
(Laughter)
311
847095
6730
14:38
"Give me a break."
312
854254
1200
14:39
(Laughter)
313
855478
1720
Vous vous souvenez de la devinette :
14:41
Actually, do you know
that old philosophical thing,
that old philosophical thing,
314
857222
2499
si un arbre tombe dans la forêt et que personne ne l'entend,
14:43
if a tree falls in a forest
and nobody hears it, did it happen?
and nobody hears it, did it happen?
315
859745
3253
est-il vraiment tombé? Ça vous dit quelque chose?
14:47
Remember that old chestnut?
316
863252
1329
14:48
I saw a great t-shirt
recently, which said,
recently, which said,
317
864605
2409
J'ai vu un t-shirt génial récemment qui disait, « Si un homme dit ce qu'il pense
14:51
"If a man speaks his mind
in a forest, and no woman hears him,
in a forest, and no woman hears him,
318
867038
3938
dans une forêt et qu'aucune femme ne l'entend,
14:55
is he still wrong?"
319
871000
1396
a-t-il quand même tort? » (Rire)
14:56
(Laughter)
320
872420
5606
15:03
And the third thing about intelligence is,
321
879976
2000
Et en dernier lieu, l'intelligence
15:06
it's distinct.
322
882000
1369
est distincte. J'écris présentement un livre
15:07
I'm doing a new book at the moment
called "Epiphany,"
called "Epiphany,"
323
883754
2573
basé sur une série d'entrevues
15:10
which is based on a series
of interviews with people
of interviews with people
324
886351
2474
où on demandait aux gens comment ils ont découvert
15:12
about how they discovered their talent.
325
888849
1920
leur talent. Leur parcours me fascine.
15:14
I'm fascinated
by how people got to be there.
by how people got to be there.
326
890793
2169
L'idée m'est venue suite à une conversation que j'ai eue
15:16
It's really prompted by a conversation
I had with a wonderful woman
I had with a wonderful woman
327
892986
3190
avec une femme merveilleuse que vous
ne connaissez peut-être pas, elle s'appelle Gillian Lynne.
15:20
who maybe most people
have never heard of, Gillian Lynne.
have never heard of, Gillian Lynne.
328
896200
2676
Elle est chorégraphe
15:22
Have you heard of her? Some have.
329
898900
1630
et ses créations sont bien connues.
15:24
She's a choreographer,
and everybody knows her work.
and everybody knows her work.
330
900554
2522
Elle a chorégraphié « Cats » et « Le fantôme de l'opéra. »
15:27
She did "Cats" and "Phantom of the Opera."
331
903100
2001
J'étais autrefois sur le conseil d'administration du Royal Ballet en Angleterre,
15:29
She's wonderful.
332
905125
978
15:30
I used to be on the board
of The Royal Ballet,
of The Royal Ballet,
333
906127
2146
comme vous pouvez le constater.
15:32
as you can see.
334
908297
1201
15:33
Anyway, Gillian and I had
lunch one day and I said,
lunch one day and I said,
335
909522
2400
Un jour où je dînais avec Gillian je lui ai demandé
comment elle en était venue à la danse.
15:36
"How did you get to be a dancer?"
336
912047
1800
15:37
It was interesting.
337
913976
1000
Elle m'a répondu qu'à l'école
15:39
When she was at school,
she was really hopeless.
she was really hopeless.
338
915000
2350
elle était nulle. C'était les années '30 et l'école
15:41
And the school, in the '30s,
wrote to her parents and said,
wrote to her parents and said,
339
917374
3602
avait écrit à ses parents: « Nous croyons que
15:45
"We think Gillian
has a learning disorder."
has a learning disorder."
340
921000
2000
Gillian a un problème d'apprentissage. » Elle était distraite
et turbulente. Aujourd'hui on dirait
15:47
She couldn't concentrate;
she was fidgeting.
she was fidgeting.
341
923024
2142
qu’elle souffrait de TDAH, pas vrai? Mais dans les années '30,
15:49
I think now they'd say she had ADHD.
Wouldn't you?
Wouldn't you?
342
925190
3290
15:52
But this was the 1930s, and ADHD
hadn't been invented at this point.
hadn't been invented at this point.
343
928504
4059
le TDAH n'avait pas encore été inventé.
Ce trouble comportemental n'était pas encore disponible.
15:56
It wasn't an available condition.
344
932587
2389
15:59
(Laughter)
345
935000
2737
Personne ne savait qu'on pouvait en souffrir.
16:01
People weren't aware they could have that.
346
937761
2060
Bref, elle est allée voir un spécialiste
16:03
(Laughter)
347
939845
2134
16:06
Anyway, she went to see this specialist.
348
942003
4278
avec sa mère.
On l’a fait asseoir sur une chaise en retrait
16:10
So, this oak-paneled room,
and she was there with her mother,
and she was there with her mother,
349
946305
3722
d'où elle n'a pas bronché pendant 20 minutes tandis
16:14
and she was led and sat
on this chair at the end,
on this chair at the end,
350
950051
2477
que cet homme discutait avec sa mère
16:16
and she sat on her hands for 20 minutes
while this man talked to her mother
while this man talked to her mother
351
952552
3639
de tous les problèmes qu’elle avait à l'école.
16:20
about the problems
Gillian was having at school.
Gillian was having at school.
352
956215
2328
Gillian dérangeait les gens,
16:22
Because she was disturbing people;
her homework was always late; and so on,
her homework was always late; and so on,
353
958567
3677
elle remettait ses devoirs en retard, etc...
elle avait huit ans--finalement, le docteur est allé s'asseoir
16:26
little kid of eight.
354
962268
1096
16:27
In the end, the doctor
went and sat next to Gillian, and said,
went and sat next to Gillian, and said,
355
963388
3055
auprès de Gillian et lui a dit, « Gillian,
j'ai écouté tout ce que ta mère
16:30
"I've listened to all these
things your mother's told me,
things your mother's told me,
356
966467
2705
avait à me dire et je dois lui parler en privé.
16:33
I need to speak to her privately.
357
969196
1619
Reste ici. Ce ne sera pas bien long. »
16:34
Wait here. We'll be back;
we won't be very long,"
we won't be very long,"
358
970839
2376
Ils sont sortis et l'ont laissée là.
16:37
and they went and left her.
359
973239
2325
En quittant la pièce, le docteur a ouvert la radio
16:39
But as they went out of the room,
360
975588
1636
qui se trouvait sur son bureau. Une fois
16:41
he turned on the radio
that was sitting on his desk.
that was sitting on his desk.
361
977248
2500
sortis, il a dit à la mère de Gillian:
16:44
And when they got out, he said to her
mother, "Just stand and watch her."
mother, "Just stand and watch her."
362
980342
3430
« Observez-la. »
16:48
And the minute they left the room,
363
984000
2991
La petite s’était mise à bouger au son de la musique.
16:51
she was on her feet, moving to the music.
364
987015
2484
Ils l'ont observée pendant quelques minutes
16:53
And they watched for a few minutes
and he turned to her mother and said,
and he turned to her mother and said,
365
989523
3453
et le docteur a dit,
16:57
"Mrs. Lynne, Gillian
isn't sick; she's a dancer.
isn't sick; she's a dancer.
366
993000
3976
« Mme Lynne, Gillian n'est pas malade, elle est danseuse.
17:01
Take her to a dance school."
367
997000
1976
Inscrivez-la à une école de danse. »
17:03
I said, "What happened?"
368
999000
1976
Je lui demandé ce qui c'était passé ensuite.
17:05
She said, "She did. I can't tell you
how wonderful it was.
how wonderful it was.
369
1001000
2976
« Ma mère m’a inscrite. C'était tellement merveilleux
17:08
We walked in this room
and it was full of people like me.
and it was full of people like me.
370
1004000
2753
cet endroit rempli
de gens qui, comme moi, étaient incapables de rester sans bouger,
17:10
People who couldn't sit still.
371
1006777
2199
17:13
People who had to move to think."
Who had to move to think.
Who had to move to think.
372
1009000
4587
des gens qui devaient bouger pour pouvoir penser. »
Elle a fait du ballet, de la claquette, du ballet jazz,
17:17
They did ballet, they did tap, jazz;
they did modern; they did contemporary.
they did modern; they did contemporary.
373
1013746
3630
de la danse moderne et de la danse contemporaine.
Plus tard, elle a passé une audition pour le Royal Ballet School,
17:21
She was eventually auditioned
for the Royal Ballet School;
for the Royal Ballet School;
374
1017400
2820
elle est devenue danseuse solo et a eu une carrière fabuleuse
17:24
she became a soloist; she had
a wonderful career at the Royal Ballet.
a wonderful career at the Royal Ballet.
375
1020244
3299
avec cette compagnie. Elle a obtenu son diplôme
du Royal Ballet School et elle
17:27
She eventually graduated
from the Royal Ballet School,
from the Royal Ballet School,
376
1023567
2608
a fondé sa propre compagnie, le Gillian Lynne Dance Company.
17:30
founded the Gillian Lynne Dance Company,
377
1026200
1975
Elle a rencontré Andrew Lloyd Weber et a chorégraphié
17:32
met Andrew Lloyd Webber.
378
1028200
1243
17:33
She's been responsible for
379
1029568
1409
certaines des comédies musicales les plus populaires
17:35
some of the most successful
musical theater productions in history,
musical theater productions in history,
380
1031001
3146
de tous les temps. Ses créations ont fait la joie de millions de gens
17:38
she's given pleasure to millions,
and she's a multi-millionaire.
and she's a multi-millionaire.
381
1034172
3072
17:41
Somebody else might have put her
on medication and told her to calm down.
on medication and told her to calm down.
382
1037269
4070
et elle est multimillionnaire. Un autre psy
l’aurait mis sous médication en lui disant
17:45
(Applause)
383
1041364
6782
de se calmer.
(Applaudissements) À mon avis, tout ça se résume à ceci:
17:52
What I think it comes to is this:
384
1048575
1601
Al Gore parlait l'autre soir
17:54
Al Gore spoke the other night
385
1050200
1776
17:56
about ecology and the revolution
that was triggered by Rachel Carson.
that was triggered by Rachel Carson.
386
1052000
4269
de l'écologie et de la révolution déclenchée par Rachel Carson.
Je crois que notre seul espoir pour le futur
18:01
I believe our only hope for the future
387
1057111
2166
est d'adopter une nouvelle conception de l'écologie humaine
18:03
is to adopt a new conception
of human ecology,
of human ecology,
388
1059301
3833
et de réformer notre conception
18:07
one in which we start
to reconstitute our conception
to reconstitute our conception
389
1063158
2818
18:10
of the richness of human capacity.
390
1066000
1976
de la richesse de la capacité humaine.
18:12
Our education system has mined our minds
391
1068000
3499
Notre système d'éducation a démuni nos esprits de la même façon
18:15
in the way that we strip-mine the earth:
for a particular commodity.
for a particular commodity.
392
1071523
3276
que nous avons démuni la Terre de ses ressources.
Et un jour ça nous portera préjudice.
18:19
And for the future, it won't serve us.
393
1075188
2484
Nous devons revoir les principes fondamentaux
18:21
We have to rethink
the fundamental principles
the fundamental principles
394
1077696
2280
18:24
on which we're educating our children.
395
1080000
1968
sur lesquels repose l’éducation de nos enfants.
Une merveilleuse citation de Jonas Salk dit: « Si tous les insectes
18:26
There was a wonderful quote
by Jonas Salk, who said,
by Jonas Salk, who said,
396
1082087
2674
18:28
"If all the insects
were to disappear from the Earth,
were to disappear from the Earth,
397
1084785
5039
sur Terre disparaissaient,
toute forme de vie serait anéantie en 50 ans.
18:33
within 50 years all life
on Earth would end.
on Earth would end.
398
1089848
2841
Si l’Homme disparaissait de la planète,
18:37
If all human beings
disappeared from the Earth,
disappeared from the Earth,
399
1093688
3072
en 50 ans, toute forme de vie prospérerait. »
18:40
within 50 years all forms
of life would flourish."
of life would flourish."
400
1096784
2634
Et il a raison.
18:44
And he's right.
401
1100244
1285
Cette imagination humaine à laquelle TED rend hommage,
18:46
What TED celebrates is the gift
of the human imagination.
of the human imagination.
402
1102291
3634
nous devons veiller à l'utiliser
18:50
We have to be careful now
403
1106417
2071
avec sagesse afin d'éviter certaines des éventualités
18:52
that we use this gift wisely
404
1108512
2255
18:54
and that we avert some of the scenarios
that we've talked about.
that we've talked about.
405
1110791
3229
discutées ici. Et la seule façon
18:58
And the only way we'll do it is by seeing
our creative capacities
our creative capacities
406
1114044
3932
d'y arriver est de reconnaître la richesse
19:02
for the richness they are
407
1118000
1610
de nos capacités créatives et l'espoir
19:03
and seeing our children
for the hope that they are.
for the hope that they are.
408
1119634
3182
que représentent nos enfants. Notre tâche
19:06
And our task is to educate
their whole being,
their whole being,
409
1122840
2398
est d'éduquer leur être tout entier pour qu'ils puissent faire face à l'avenir.
19:09
so they can face this future.
410
1125262
1484
Un avenir que nous, nous ne connaîtrons peut-être pas,
19:10
By the way -- we may not see this future,
411
1126770
2206
19:13
but they will.
412
1129000
1430
mais eux, oui. Et notre devoir est de les aider
19:14
And our job is to help them
make something of it.
make something of it.
413
1130454
3079
à y contribuer. Merci beaucoup.
19:17
Thank you very much.
414
1133557
1000
19:18
(Applause)
415
1134581
3000
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Ken Robinson - Author/educatorCreativity expert Sir Ken Robinson challenges the way we're educating our children. He champions a radical rethink of our school systems, to cultivate creativity and acknowledge multiple types of intelligence.
Why you should listen
Why don't we get the best out of people? Sir Ken Robinson argues that it's because we've been educated to become good workers, rather than creative thinkers. Students with restless minds and bodies -- far from being cultivated for their energy and curiosity -- are ignored or even stigmatized, with terrible consequences. "We are educating people out of their creativity," Robinson says. It's a message with deep resonance. Robinson's TED Talk has been distributed widely around the Web since its release in June 2006. The most popular words framing blog posts on his talk? "Everyone should watch this."
A visionary cultural leader, Sir Ken led the British government's 1998 advisory committee on creative and cultural education, a massive inquiry into the significance of creativity in the educational system and the economy, and was knighted in 2003 for his achievements. His 2009 book, The Element: How Finding Your Passion Changes Everything, is a New York Times bestseller and has been translated into 21 languages. A 10th anniversary edition of his classic work on creativity and innovation, Out of Our Minds: Learning to be Creative, was published in 2011. His 2013 book, Finding Your Element: How to Discover Your Talents and Passions and Transform Your Life, is a practical guide that answers questions about finding your personal Element. In his latest book, Creative Schools: The Grassroots Revolution That’s Transforming Education, he argues for an end to our outmoded industrial educational system and proposes a highly personalized, organic approach that draws on today’s unprecedented technological and professional resources to engage all students.
Ken Robinson | Speaker | TED.com