ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Chris Anderson - TED Curator
After a long career in journalism and publishing, Chris Anderson became the curator of the TED Conference in 2002 and has developed it as a platform for identifying and disseminating ideas worth spreading.

Why you should listen

Chris Anderson is the Curator of TED, a nonprofit devoted to sharing valuable ideas, primarily through the medium of 'TED Talks' -- short talks that are offered free online to a global audience.

Chris was born in a remote village in Pakistan in 1957. He spent his early years in India, Pakistan and Afghanistan, where his parents worked as medical missionaries, and he attended an American school in the Himalayas for his early education. After boarding school in Bath, England, he went on to Oxford University, graduating in 1978 with a degree in philosophy, politics and economics.

Chris then trained as a journalist, working in newspapers and radio, including two years producing a world news service in the Seychelles Islands.

Back in the UK in 1984, Chris was captivated by the personal computer revolution and became an editor at one of the UK's early computer magazines. A year later he founded Future Publishing with a $25,000 bank loan. The new company initially focused on specialist computer publications but eventually expanded into other areas such as cycling, music, video games, technology and design, doubling in size every year for seven years. In 1994, Chris moved to the United States where he built Imagine Media, publisher of Business 2.0 magazine and creator of the popular video game users website IGN. Chris eventually merged Imagine and Future, taking the combined entity public in London in 1999, under the Future name. At its peak, it published 150 magazines and websites and employed 2,000 people.

This success allowed Chris to create a private nonprofit organization, the Sapling Foundation, with the hope of finding new ways to tackle tough global issues through media, technology, entrepreneurship and, most of all, ideas. In 2001, the foundation acquired the TED Conference, then an annual meeting of luminaries in the fields of Technology, Entertainment and Design held in Monterey, California, and Chris left Future to work full time on TED.

He expanded the conference's remit to cover all topics, including science, business and key global issues, while adding a Fellows program, which now has some 300 alumni, and the TED Prize, which grants its recipients "one wish to change the world." The TED stage has become a place for thinkers and doers from all fields to share their ideas and their work, capturing imaginations, sparking conversation and encouraging discovery along the way.

In 2006, TED experimented with posting some of its talks on the Internet. Their viral success encouraged Chris to begin positioning the organization as a global media initiative devoted to 'ideas worth spreading,' part of a new era of information dissemination using the power of online video. In June 2015, the organization posted its 2,000th talk online. The talks are free to view, and they have been translated into more than 100 languages with the help of volunteers from around the world. Viewership has grown to approximately one billion views per year.

Continuing a strategy of 'radical openness,' in 2009 Chris introduced the TEDx initiative, allowing free licenses to local organizers who wished to organize their own TED-like events. More than 8,000 such events have been held, generating an archive of 60,000 TEDx talks. And three years later, the TED-Ed program was launched, offering free educational videos and tools to students and teachers.

More profile about the speaker
Chris Anderson | Speaker | TED.com
TED Studio

Chris Anderson: TED's secret to great public speaking

Chris Anderson: O segredo do TED para un gran discurso

Filmed:
5,536,245 views

Non hai unha fórmula única para unha gran charla, pero todas as mellores teñen en común un ingrediente secreto. Chris Anderson comparte este segredo, xunto con catro xeitos de facer que che funcione. Tes o que hai que ter para compartir unha idea que pague a pena difundir?
- TED Curator
After a long career in journalism and publishing, Chris Anderson became the curator of the TED Conference in 2002 and has developed it as a platform for identifying and disseminating ideas worth spreading. Full bio

Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.

00:12
Some people think that there's
a TED Talk formula:
0
258
2908
Algunhas persoas pensan que hai
unha fórmula para as charlas TED:
00:15
"Give a talk on a round, red rug."
1
3190
1975
"Dar unha charla nunha
alfombra vermella."
00:17
"Share a childhood story."
2
5189
1402
"Contar unha historia
da infancia."
00:18
"Divulge a personal secret."
3
6615
2007
"Divulgar un segredo persoal."
00:20
"End with an inspiring call to action."
4
8646
2771
"Rematar cunha inspiradora
chamada á acción."
00:23
No.
5
11441
1150
Non.
00:24
That's not how to think of a TED Talk.
6
12615
2097
Non é así como hai que
pensar dunha TED.
00:26
In fact, if you overuse those devices,
7
14736
1989
De feito, se empregades demasiado
estes mecanismos,
00:28
you're just going to come across
as clichéd or emotionally manipulative.
8
16749
4143
pareceredes un clixé
ou un manipulador emocional.
00:32
But there is one thing that all
great TED Talks have in common,
9
20916
3880
Pero hai unha cousa que todas
as grandes charlas TED teñen en común,
00:36
and I would like to share
that thing with you,
10
24820
2679
e gustaríame compartila
con vós, porque
00:39
because over the past 12 years,
I've had a ringside seat,
11
27523
2675
nos últimos 12 anos,
tiven un asento privilexiado,
00:42
listening to many hundreds
of amazing TED speakers, like these.
12
30222
4739
escoitando varios centos de
fantásticos relatores TED, como estes.
00:46
I've helped them prepare
their talks for prime time,
13
34985
2437
Axudeinos coas súas charlas
de máxima audiencia,
00:49
and learned directly from them
14
37446
1436
e aprendín directamente deles
00:50
their secrets of what
makes for a great talk.
15
38906
2326
os segredos dunha gran charla.
00:53
And even though these speakers
and their topics all seem
16
41256
2770
E aínda que estes relatores
e os seus temas parecen
00:56
completely different,
17
44050
1151
completamente diferentes,
00:57
they actually do have
one key common ingredient.
18
45225
3736
todos teñen un ingrediente común.
01:01
And it's this:
19
49318
1229
E é este:
01:03
Your number one task as a speaker
20
51254
2611
A principal tarefa como relator
01:05
is to transfer into your listeners' minds
an extraordinary gift --
21
53889
4587
é transferir á mente de quen vos
escoita un regalo extraordinario,
01:10
a strange and beautiful object
that we call an idea.
22
58500
4579
un estraño e fermoso obxecto
que chamamos idea.
01:16
Let me show you what I mean.
23
64034
1335
Deixádeme explicárvolo.
01:17
Here's Haley.
24
65393
1151
Aquí está Haley.
01:18
She is about to give a TED Talk
25
66568
1966
Está a punto de dar unha charla TED
01:20
and frankly, she's terrified.
26
68558
1843
e, francamente, está aterrada.
01:22
(Video) Presenter: Haley Van Dyck!
27
70425
1649
(Vídeo) Presentador: Haley Van Dyck!
01:24
(Applause)
28
72098
3000
(Aplausos)
Durante 18 minutos,
01:30
Over the course of 18 minutes,
29
78537
1836
01:32
1,200 people, many of whom
have never seen each other before,
30
80397
3964
1 200 persoas, moitas das cales
nunca se viran antes
01:36
are finding that their brains
are starting to sync with Haley's brain
31
84385
4120
senten que os seus cerebros
se sincronizan co cerebro de Haley
01:40
and with each other.
32
88529
1438
e entre si.
01:41
They're literally beginning to exhibit
the same brain-wave patterns.
33
89991
3394
Están literalmente comezando
a exhibir os mesmos padróns cerebrais.
01:45
And I don't just mean
they're feeling the same emotions.
34
93409
2866
E non só quero dicir que
están sentindo as mesmas emocións.
Ocorre algo aínda
máis asombroso.
01:48
There's something even more
startling happening.
35
96299
2499
01:50
Let's take a look inside
Haley's brain for a moment.
36
98822
2897
Imos botarlle un ollo ao
cerebro de Haley un momento.
01:54
There are billions of interconnected
neurons in an impossible tangle.
37
102190
4231
Hai millóns de neuronas
interconectadas nunha enleada.
01:58
But look here, right here --
38
106445
1807
Pero mirade aquí, xusto aquí:
02:00
a few million of them
are linked to each other
39
108276
2761
uns poucos millóns están
conectados entre si
02:03
in a way which represents a single idea.
40
111061
3439
dun xeito que representa
unha simple idea.
E, incriblemente, este padrón exacto
estase reconstruíndo en tempo real
02:06
And incredibly, this exact pattern
is being recreated in real time
41
114524
4040
02:10
inside the minds of everyone listening.
42
118588
3078
dentro das mentes de toda a audiencia.
02:13
That's right; in just a few minutes,
43
121690
2160
É así; só nun par de minutos,
02:15
a pattern involving millions of neurons
44
123874
2363
un padrón que implica millóns de neuronas
02:18
is being teleported into 1,200 minds,
45
126261
2785
teletranspórtase a 1 200 mentes,
02:21
just by people listening to a voice
and watching a face.
46
129070
3129
só con que as persoas escoiten
unha voz e miren unha cara.
02:24
But wait -- what is an idea anyway?
47
132682
2809
Pero agardade,
que é unha idea?
02:27
Well, you can think of it
as a pattern of information
48
135515
3484
Ben, podedes imaxinala
como un padrón de información
02:31
that helps you understand
and navigate the world.
49
139023
3388
que axuda a entender
e a navegar o mundo.
02:34
Ideas come in all shapes and sizes,
50
142435
1976
As ideas veñen de moitas
formas e tamaños,
02:36
from the complex and analytical
51
144435
2000
desde as complexas e analíticas
02:38
to the simple and aesthetic.
52
146459
2079
ás simples e estéticas.
02:40
Here are just a few examples
shared from the TED stage.
53
148562
2873
Aquí hai un par de exemplos
compartidos desde o escenario TED.
02:43
Sir Ken Robinson -- creativity
is key to our kids' future.
54
151816
3705
Sir Ken Robinson -A creatividade é
a chave do futuro dos nosos nenos.
02:47
(Video) Sir Ken Robinson:
My contention is that creativity now
55
155545
2931
(Vídeo) Sir Ken Robinson: O que
sosteño é que a creatividade agora
é tan importante en educación
como a alfabetización
02:50
is as important in education as literacy,
56
158500
3101
02:53
and we should treat it
with the same status.
57
161625
2490
e debemos tratala
co mesmo status.
02:56
Chris Anderson: Elora Hardy --
building from bamboo is beautiful.
58
164139
3120
Chris Anderson: Elora Hardy
-Construír con bambú é fermoso.
02:59
(Video) Elora Hardy:
It is growing all around us,
59
167283
2324
(Vídeo) Elora Hardy: Medra
ao redor de nós,
03:01
it's strong, it's elegant,
it's earthquake-resistant.
60
169631
4160
é forte, é elegante,
resiste os terremotos.
03:05
CA: Chimamanda Adichie --
people are more than a single identity.
61
173815
3841
CA: Chimamanda Adichie -A xente
é máis que unha simple identidade.
03:09
(Video) Chimamanda Adichie:
The single story creates stereotypes,
62
177680
3102
Vídeo) Chimamanda Adichie:
A simple historia crea estereotipos,
03:12
and the problem with stereotypes
is not that they are untrue,
63
180806
4397
e o problema cos estereotipos
non é que sexan falsos,
03:17
but that they are incomplete.
64
185227
1984
é que son incompletos.
03:19
CA: Your mind is teeming with ideas,
65
187607
2214
CA: A vosa mente reborda ideas,
03:21
and not just randomly.
66
189845
1351
e non o fai aleatoriamente.
03:23
They're carefully linked together.
67
191220
2206
Están coidadosamente
conectadas.
03:25
Collectively they form
an amazingly complex structure
68
193450
2905
Colectivamente, forman unha
incrible estrutura complexa
03:28
that is your personal worldview.
69
196379
2174
que é a vosa persoal
visión do mundo.
03:30
It's your brain's operating system.
70
198577
2286
É o sistema operativo do voso cerebro.
03:32
It's how you navigate the world.
71
200887
1872
É como navegades polo mundo.
03:34
And it is built up out of millions
of individual ideas.
72
202783
3785
E componse de
millóns de ideas individuais.
03:38
So, for example, if one little
component of your worldview
73
206592
3469
Se, por exemplo, un pequeno
compoñente da vosa visión do mundo
03:42
is the idea that kittens are adorable,
74
210085
2826
é a idea de que os gatiños son adorables,
03:44
then when you see this,
75
212935
2395
entón, ao verdes isto,
03:47
you'll react like this.
76
215354
1580
reaccionaredes así.
03:48
But if another component of your worldview
77
216958
2077
Pero se outro compoñente
da vosa visión do mundo
03:51
is the idea that leopards are dangerous,
78
219059
2263
é a idea de que os leopardos
son perigosos,
03:53
then when you see this,
79
221346
1245
entón, ao verdes isto,
03:54
you'll react a little bit differently.
80
222615
2261
reaccionaredes de forma
un pouco distinta.
03:57
So, it's pretty obvious
81
225524
1588
Así que é bastante obvio
03:59
why the ideas that make up
your worldview are crucial.
82
227136
3913
que as ideas que forman
a vosa visión do mundo son cruciais.
04:03
You need them to be as reliable
as possible -- a guide,
83
231073
2996
Necesitades que sexan o máis
fiables que sexa posible, unha guía
04:06
to the scary but wonderful
real world out there.
84
234093
3788
para o temible pero marabilloso
mundo real de aí fóra.
04:09
Now, different people's worldviews
can be dramatically different.
85
237905
3747
Agora ben, as diferentes visións do mundo
da xente poden ser moi diferentes.
04:14
For example,
86
242198
1186
Por exemplo,
04:15
how does your worldview react
when you see this image:
87
243408
3838
como reacciona a vosa visión do
mundo cando vedes esta imaxe:
04:19
(Video) Dalia Mogahed:
What do you think when you look at me?
88
247919
2968
(Vídeo) Dalia Mogahed: Que
pensades cando me vedes?
04:22
"A woman of faith,"
"an expert," maybe even "a sister"?
89
250911
4442
"Unha muller de fe", "unha experta",
mesmo ata "unha irmá"?
04:28
Or "oppressed," "brainwashed,"
90
256292
3819
Ou "oprimida", "co cerebro lavado"
04:32
"a terrorist"?
91
260135
1165
"unha terrorista"?
04:33
CA: Whatever your answer,
92
261955
1394
CA: Sexa cal for a resposta,
04:35
there are millions of people out there
who would react very differently.
93
263373
3397
hai millóns de persoas aí fóra
que reaccionarían de forma moi distinta.
É por iso que as ideas importan.
04:38
So that's why ideas really matter.
94
266794
2076
04:40
If communicated properly,
they're capable of changing, forever,
95
268894
3678
Se se comunican de forma axeitada,
son capaces de cambiar, para sempre,
04:44
how someone thinks about the world,
96
272596
2049
a forma en que alguén ve o mundo
04:46
and shaping their actions both now
and well into the future.
97
274669
4385
e transformar as súas accións
tanto agora coma no futuro.
04:51
Ideas are the most powerful force
shaping human culture.
98
279603
3881
As ideas son a forza máis poderosa
que conforma a cultura humana.
04:55
So if you accept
99
283508
1151
Así que se aceptades
04:56
that your number one task
as a speaker is to build an idea
100
284683
2730
que a vosa tarefa principal
como relatores é construír unha idea
04:59
inside the minds of your audience,
101
287437
2046
nas mentes da vosa audiencia,
05:01
here are four guidelines
for how you should go about that task:
102
289507
3294
aquí van catro pautas
para abordar esa tarefa:
05:04
One, limit your talk
to just one major idea.
103
292825
3821
Primeiro, limitade a vosa charla
a unha única idea.
05:09
Ideas are complex things;
104
297157
1833
As ideas son cousas complexas;
05:11
you need to slash back your content
so that you can focus
105
299014
3365
necesitades reducir o contido
para poder centrarvos
05:14
on the single idea
you're most passionate about,
106
302403
2753
na idea simple
que máis vos apaixona,
05:17
and give yourself a chance
to explain that one thing properly.
107
305180
3634
e ter a oportunidade
de explicala ben.
05:20
You have to give context,
share examples, make it vivid.
108
308838
3753
Tedes que dar contexto,
compartir exemplos, facelo real.
05:24
So pick one idea,
109
312615
1247
Así que collede unha idea
05:25
and make it the through-line
running through your entire talk,
110
313886
3201
e facede que sexa un fío
que percorra toda a vosa charla,
05:29
so that everything you say
links back to it in some way.
111
317111
3478
para que todo o que digades
conecte dalgunha maneira.
05:33
Two, give your listeners a reason to care.
112
321182
3375
Segundo, dádelle a quen vos escoita
unha razón para que lle interese.
05:37
Before you can start building things
inside the minds of your audience,
113
325523
4031
Antes de comezar a construír cousas
nas mentes da vosa audiencia,
05:41
you have to get their permission
to welcome you in.
114
329578
2405
tedes que ter o seu permiso
para entrar.
05:44
And the main tool to achieve that?
115
332007
1833
E cal é a ferramenta
para conseguilo?
05:46
Curiosity.
116
334181
1343
A curiosidade.
05:47
Stir your audience's curiosity.
117
335548
2248
Remexede a curiosidade
da vosa audiencia.
05:49
Use intriguing, provocative questions
118
337820
2221
Usade preguntas
intrigantes, provocativas
05:52
to identify why something
doesn't make sense and needs explaining.
119
340065
4181
para identificar por que algo
non ten sentido e precisa explicación.
05:56
If you can reveal a disconnection
in someone's worldview,
120
344698
3961
Se podedes revelar unha desconexión
na visión do mundo de alguén,
06:00
they'll feel the need
to bridge that knowledge gap.
121
348683
3317
sentirán a necesidade de
cubrir ese oco de coñecemento.
06:04
And once you've sparked that desire,
122
352024
2039
E cando estala ese desexo
06:06
it will be so much easier
to start building your idea.
123
354087
3284
é moito máis sinxelo
comezar a construír a idea.
06:10
Three, build your idea, piece by piece,
124
358032
3373
Terceiro, constrúe a túa idea, peza a peza
06:13
out of concepts that your audience
already understands.
125
361429
3714
desde conceptos que a vosa
audiencia coñece.
06:17
You use the power of language
126
365167
1647
Usade o poder da linguaxe
06:18
to weave together
concepts that already exist
127
366838
2929
para tecer xuntos
conceptos que xa existen
06:21
in your listeners' minds --
128
369791
1637
na mente de quen vos escoita
06:23
but not your language, their language.
129
371452
2294
pero non na vosa linguaxe,
na súa linguaxe.
06:25
You start where they are.
130
373770
1436
Comezade onde están eles.
06:27
The speakers often forget that many
of the terms and concepts they live with
131
375230
3698
Os relatores a miúdo esquecen que
moitos termos e conceptos cos que conviven
06:30
are completely unfamiliar
to their audiences.
132
378952
2611
son completamente estraños
para a súa audiencia.
06:33
Now, metaphors can play a crucial role
in showing how the pieces fit together,
133
381587
5174
Ben, as metáforas xogan un rol crucial
para mostrar como encaixan as pezas,
06:38
because they reveal
the desired shape of the pattern,
134
386785
3674
porque revelan a forma
desexada do padrón,
06:42
based on an idea that the listener
already understands.
135
390483
3508
baseándose nunha idea que
quen escoita entende.
06:46
For example, when Jennifer Kahn
136
394015
1985
Por exemplo, cando Jennifer Kahn
06:48
wanted to explain the incredible
new biotechnology called CRISPR,
137
396024
3649
quixo explicar a incrible
nova biotecnoloxía chamada CRISPR,
06:51
she said, "It's as if, for the first time,
138
399697
2286
dixo: "É coma se, por primeira vez,
06:54
you had a word processor to edit DNA.
139
402007
3031
tiverades un procesador
de texto para editar ADN.
06:57
CRISPR allows you to cut and paste
genetic information really easily."
140
405062
4627
O CRISPS permite cortar e pegar
información xenética moi facilmente."
07:02
Now, a vivid explanation like that
delivers a satisfying aha moment
141
410165
4278
Ben, unha explicación gráfica como esta
ofrece un gran momento de clarificación
07:06
as it snaps into place in our minds.
142
414467
2333
mentres encaixa na nosa mente.
07:08
It's important, therefore,
to test your talk on trusted friends,
143
416824
3920
É importante, polo tanto, probar
a charla con amigos de confianza,
07:12
and find out which parts
they get confused by.
144
420768
2604
e ver que partes atopan máis confusas.
07:15
Four, here's the final tip:
145
423396
2308
Cuarto. Aquí vai o consello final:
07:17
Make your idea worth sharing.
146
425728
2777
Fai que as túas ideas merezan
ser compartidas.
07:21
By that I mean, ask yourself the question:
147
429242
2653
Con isto quero dicir que
te fagas esta pregunta:
07:23
"Who does this idea benefit?"
148
431919
1818
"A quen beneficia esta idea?"
07:26
And I need you to be honest
with the answer.
149
434489
2961
E preciso que sexades
honestos coa resposta.
07:29
If the idea only serves you
or your organization,
150
437474
2912
Se a idea só vos beneficia a
vós e á vosa organización,
07:32
then, I'm sorry to say,
it's probably not worth sharing.
151
440410
3277
entón, sinto dicilo, probablemente
non mereza a pena ser compartida.
07:35
The audience will see right through you.
152
443711
2111
A audiencia verá a través de vós.
07:37
But if you believe that the idea
has the potential
153
445846
2682
Pero se credes que a idea
ten o potencial
07:40
to brighten up someone else's day
154
448552
1898
de iluminarlle o día a alguén
07:42
or change someone else's
perspective for the better
155
450474
2816
ou de cambiar a perspectiva
de alguén para mellor
07:45
or inspire someone to do
something differently,
156
453314
2864
ou de inspirar alguén para facer
as cousas doutro xeito,
07:48
then you have the core ingredient
to a truly great talk,
157
456202
3620
entón tedes o ingrediente esencial
para unha charla boa de verdade,
07:51
one that can be a gift to them
and to all of us.
158
459846
3130
unha que pode ser un regalo
para eles e para todos nós.
Translated by Carme Paz
Reviewed by Andrea Garcia

▲Back to top

ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Chris Anderson - TED Curator
After a long career in journalism and publishing, Chris Anderson became the curator of the TED Conference in 2002 and has developed it as a platform for identifying and disseminating ideas worth spreading.

Why you should listen

Chris Anderson is the Curator of TED, a nonprofit devoted to sharing valuable ideas, primarily through the medium of 'TED Talks' -- short talks that are offered free online to a global audience.

Chris was born in a remote village in Pakistan in 1957. He spent his early years in India, Pakistan and Afghanistan, where his parents worked as medical missionaries, and he attended an American school in the Himalayas for his early education. After boarding school in Bath, England, he went on to Oxford University, graduating in 1978 with a degree in philosophy, politics and economics.

Chris then trained as a journalist, working in newspapers and radio, including two years producing a world news service in the Seychelles Islands.

Back in the UK in 1984, Chris was captivated by the personal computer revolution and became an editor at one of the UK's early computer magazines. A year later he founded Future Publishing with a $25,000 bank loan. The new company initially focused on specialist computer publications but eventually expanded into other areas such as cycling, music, video games, technology and design, doubling in size every year for seven years. In 1994, Chris moved to the United States where he built Imagine Media, publisher of Business 2.0 magazine and creator of the popular video game users website IGN. Chris eventually merged Imagine and Future, taking the combined entity public in London in 1999, under the Future name. At its peak, it published 150 magazines and websites and employed 2,000 people.

This success allowed Chris to create a private nonprofit organization, the Sapling Foundation, with the hope of finding new ways to tackle tough global issues through media, technology, entrepreneurship and, most of all, ideas. In 2001, the foundation acquired the TED Conference, then an annual meeting of luminaries in the fields of Technology, Entertainment and Design held in Monterey, California, and Chris left Future to work full time on TED.

He expanded the conference's remit to cover all topics, including science, business and key global issues, while adding a Fellows program, which now has some 300 alumni, and the TED Prize, which grants its recipients "one wish to change the world." The TED stage has become a place for thinkers and doers from all fields to share their ideas and their work, capturing imaginations, sparking conversation and encouraging discovery along the way.

In 2006, TED experimented with posting some of its talks on the Internet. Their viral success encouraged Chris to begin positioning the organization as a global media initiative devoted to 'ideas worth spreading,' part of a new era of information dissemination using the power of online video. In June 2015, the organization posted its 2,000th talk online. The talks are free to view, and they have been translated into more than 100 languages with the help of volunteers from around the world. Viewership has grown to approximately one billion views per year.

Continuing a strategy of 'radical openness,' in 2009 Chris introduced the TEDx initiative, allowing free licenses to local organizers who wished to organize their own TED-like events. More than 8,000 such events have been held, generating an archive of 60,000 TEDx talks. And three years later, the TED-Ed program was launched, offering free educational videos and tools to students and teachers.

More profile about the speaker
Chris Anderson | Speaker | TED.com