ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Nina Tandon - Tissue engineering researcher
Nina Tandon studies ways to use electrical signals to grow artificial tissues for transplants and other therapies.

Why you should listen

Nina Tandon studies electrical signaling in the context of tissue engineering, with the goal of creating “spare parts” for human implantation and/or disease models. After receiving a bachelor’s degree in electrical engineering from Cooper Union, Nina worked on an electronic nose used to “smell” lung cancer as a Fulbright scholar in Rome. She studied electrical stimulation for cardiac tissue engineering at MIT and Columbia, and now continues her research on electrical stimulation for broader tissue-engineering applications. Tandon was a 2011 TED Fellow and a 2012 Senior Fellow. Nina was also honored as one of Foreign Policy's 2015 Global Thinkers

More profile about the speaker
Nina Tandon | Speaker | TED.com
TED2011

Nina Tandon: Caring for engineered tissue

Nina Tandon: Briga o proizvedenom tkivu

Filmed:
556,310 views

Inžinjer tkiva i TED kolegica Nina Tandon uzgaja umjetna srca i kosti. Kako bi to radila, potrebni su joj novi načini brige o umjetno uzgojenim stanicama -- tehnike koje je razvila pomoću jednostavne ali moćne metode kopiranja njihovih prirodnih okruženja.
- Tissue engineering researcher
Nina Tandon studies ways to use electrical signals to grow artificial tissues for transplants and other therapies. Full bio

Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.

00:15
Good morningjutro everybodysvi.
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Dobro jutro svima.
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I work with really amazingnevjerojatan,
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Radim s doista nevjerojatnim
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little, itty-bittyOvaj creaturesstvorenja calledzvao cellsStanice.
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malim, sićušnim stvorenjima zvanim stanice.
00:23
And let me tell you what it's like
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I dopustite mi da vam objasnim kako je
00:25
to growrasti these cellsStanice in the lablaboratorija.
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uzgajati te stanice u laboratoriju.
00:27
I work in a lablaboratorija where we take cellsStanice out of theirnjihov nativedomaći environmentokolina.
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Radim u laboratoriju gdje uzimamo stanice iz njihova materinjeg okoliša.
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We plateploča them into dishesposuđe
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Stavimo ih u posudice
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that we sometimesponekad call petriPetri dishesposuđe.
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koje ponekad nazivamo petri posudice.
00:34
And we feedstočna hrana them -- sterilelysterilely of coursenaravno --
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I hranimo ih -- sterilno, naravno --
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with what we call cellćelija cultureKultura mediamedia -- whichkoji is like theirnjihov foodhrana --
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s onim što mi zovemo stanična kultura medija -- koje je poput njihove hrane --
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and we growrasti them in incubatorsinkubatora.
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i uzgajamo ih u inkubatorima.
00:43
Why do I do this?
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Zašto to radim?
00:45
We observepromatrati the cellsStanice in a plateploča,
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Promatramo stanice u posudici
00:47
and they're just on the surfacepovršinski.
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i one su samo na površini.
00:49
But what we're really tryingtežak to do in my lablaboratorija
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Ali ono što zapravo pokušavamo učiniti u mom laboratoriju
00:52
is to engineerinženjer tissuestkiva out of them.
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je iz njih proizvesti tkivo.
00:55
What does that even mean?
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Što to uopće znači?
00:57
Well it meanssredstva growingrastući an actualstvaran heartsrce,
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Pa, to znači uzgajati stvarno srce,
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let's say,
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recimo,
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or growrasti a piecekomad of bonekost
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ili uzgojiti komad kosti
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that can be put into the bodytijelo.
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koji se zatim može staviti u tijelo.
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Not only that, but they can alsotakođer be used for diseasebolest modelsmodeli.
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Ne samo to, već se one mogu koristiti i za modele bolesti.
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And for this purposesvrha, traditionaltradicionalan cellćelija cultureKultura techniquesTehnike
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A za tu svrhu, tradicionalne tehnike staničnih kultura
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just really aren'tnisu enoughdovoljno.
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jednostavno nisu dovoljne.
01:12
The cellsStanice are kindljubazan of homesickza domom;
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Stanice žude za domom;
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the dishjelo doesn't feel like theirnjihov home.
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posudica se ne čini više kao njihov dom.
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And so we need to do better at copyingkopiranje theirnjihov naturalprirodni environmentokolina
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I stoga moramo biti bolji u kopiranju njihovog prirodnog okoliša
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to get them to thrivenapredovati.
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kako bi one bujale.
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We call this the biomimeticbiomimetski paradigmparadigma --
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To zovemo biomimetičkom paradigmom --
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copyingkopiranje naturepriroda in the lablaboratorija.
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kopiranje prirode u laboratoriju.
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Let's take the exampleprimjer of the heartsrce,
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Uzmimo za primjer srce,
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the topictema of a lot of my researchistraživanje.
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temu mojih brojnih istraživanja.
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What makesmarke the heartsrce uniquejedinstvena?
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Što čini srce jedinstvenim?
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Well, the heartsrce beatsotkucaja,
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Pa, srce kuca,
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rhythmicallyritmički, tirelesslyneumorno, faithfullyvjerno.
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ritmički, neumorno, vjerno.
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We copykopirati this in the lablaboratorija
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To kopiramo u laboratoriju
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by outfittingnačin opremanja cellćelija cultureKultura systemssustavi with electrodeselektrode.
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opremajući sustave staničnih kultura s elektrodama.
01:41
These electrodeselektrode actčin like minimini pacemakerselektrostimulatora srca
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Te elektrode se ponašaju poput mini pejsmejkera
01:43
to get the cellsStanice to contractugovor in the lablaboratorija.
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koji grči stanice u laboratoriju.
01:46
What elsedrugo do we know about the heartsrce?
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Što još znamo o srcu?
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Well, heartsrce cellsStanice are prettyprilično greedypohlepni.
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Pa, srčane stanice su prilično pohlepne.
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NaturePriroda feedsfeedovi the heartsrce cellsStanice in your bodytijelo
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Priroda hrani srčane stanice u vašem tijelu
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with a very, very densegust bloodkrv supplyOpskrba.
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s veoma, veoma gustom opskrbom krvi.
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In the lablaboratorija, we micro-patternmikro-uzorak channelskanali
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U laboratoriju, pretvaramo mikro uzorcima kanale
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in the biomaterialsbiomaterijala
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u biomaterijale
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on whichkoji we growrasti the cellsStanice,
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na kojima uzgajamo stanice.
02:00
and this allowsomogućuje us to flowteći the cellćelija cultureKultura mediamedia, the cells'stanica foodhrana,
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A to nam omogućava da usmjeravamo medijsku staničnu kulturu, staničnu hranu,
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throughkroz the scaffoldsiznajmljivači where we're growingrastući the cellsStanice --
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kroz skele gdje uzgajamo stanice --
02:06
a lot like what you mightmoć expectočekivati
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vrlo nalik na ono što biste mogli očekivati
02:08
from a capillarykapilara bedkrevet in the heartsrce.
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od kapilarnog ležišta u srcu.
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So this bringsdonosi me to lessonlekcija numberbroj one:
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To me dovodi do lekcije broj jedan:
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life can do a lot with very little.
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život može učiniti puno s jako malo.
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Let's take the exampleprimjer of electricalelektrična stimulationstimulacija.
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Uzmimo kao primjer električnu stimulaciju.
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Let's see how powerfulsnažan just one of these essentialsosnove can be.
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Da vidimo kako moćna jedna od tih osnovnih stvari može biti.
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On the left, we see a tinysićušan piecekomad of beatingbijenje heartsrce tissuetkivo
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S lijeve strane vidimo sićušan komadić tkiva srca koje kuca
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that I engineeredprojektirana from ratštakor cellsStanice in the lablaboratorija.
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koje sam proizvela iz stanica štakora u laboratoriju.
02:27
It's about the sizeveličina of a minimini marshmallowbijeli sljez.
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Otprilike je veličine mini bijelog sljeza.
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And after one weektjedan, it's beatingbijenje.
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I nakon jednog tjedna, kuca.
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You can see it in the upperGornji left-handlijeva ruka cornerugao.
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Možete je vidjeti u gornjem lijevom kutu.
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But don't worrybrinuti if you can't see it so well.
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Ali ne brinite ako je ne vidite tako dobro.
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It's amazingnevjerojatan that these cellsStanice beatpobijediti at all.
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Nevjerojatno je kako te stanice uopće kucaju.
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But what's really amazingnevjerojatan
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Ali ono što je doista nevjerojatno
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is that the cellsStanice, when we electricallyelektrički stimulatestimulirati them,
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je kako stanice kada ih električki stimuliramo
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like with a pacemakerpejsmejker,
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kao s pejsmejkerom,
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that they beatpobijediti so much more.
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one kucaju bitno više.
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But that bringsdonosi me to lessonlekcija numberbroj two:
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A to me dovodi do lekcije broj dva:
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cellsStanice do all the work.
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stanice obave cijeli posao.
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In a senseosjećaj, tissuetkivo engineersinženjeri have a bitbit of an identityidentitet crisiskriza here,
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Na neki način, uzgajatelji tkiva imaju ovdje malu krizu identiteta,
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because structuralstrukturalan engineersinženjeri
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jer strukturalni inžinjeri
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buildizgraditi bridgesmostovi and bigvelika things,
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grade mostove i velike stvari,
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computerračunalo engineersinženjeri, computersračunala,
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računalni inžinjeri, računala,
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but what we are doing
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ali ono što mi radimo
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is actuallyzapravo buildingzgrada enablingomogućujući technologiestehnologije for the cellsStanice themselvesse.
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je zapravo gradnja podupirućih tehnologija za same stanice.
03:05
What does this mean for us?
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Što to znači za nas?
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Let's do something really simplejednostavan.
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Učinimo nešto jako jednostavno.
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Let's remindpodsjetiti ourselvessebe
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Podsjetimo se
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that cellsStanice are not an abstractsažetak conceptkoncept.
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kako stanice nisu apstraktni koncept.
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Let's rememberzapamtiti that our cellsStanice sustainodržati our livesživot
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Podsjetimo se kako naše stanice održavaju naše živote
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in a very realstvaran way.
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na vrlo stvaran način.
03:19
"We are what we eatjesti," could easilylako be describedopisan
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"Mi smo ono što jedemo," može se jednostavno opisati
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as, "We are what our cellsStanice eatjesti."
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kao, "Mi smo ono što naše stanice jedu."
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And in the casespis of the floraFlora in our gutcrijevo,
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A u slučaju flore u našim crijevima,
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these cellsStanice maysvibanj not even be humanljudski.
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te stanice ne moraju ni biti ljudske.
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But it's alsotakođer worthvrijedan notinguz napomenu
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Ali ujedno je važno napomenuti
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that cellsStanice alsotakođer mediateposredovati our experienceiskustvo of life.
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kako stanice posreduju u našem iskustvu života.
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BehindIza everysvaki soundzvuk, sightvid, touchdodir, tasteukus and smellmiris
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Iza svakog zvuka, pogleda, dodira, okusa i mirisa
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is a correspondingodgovara setset of cellsStanice
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je odgovarajući skup stanica
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that receivedobiti this informationinformacija
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koji prima tu informaciju
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and interpretinterpretirati it for us.
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i tumači je za nas.
03:44
It begsMoli the questionpitanje:
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Moli za pitanje:
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shalltreba we expandproširiti our senseosjećaj of environmentalekološki stewardshippoložaj upravnika
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hoćemo li proširiti naš smisao ekološkog upravitelja
03:49
to includeuključiti the ecosystemekosustav of our ownvlastiti bodiestjelesa?
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kako bi uključili ekosustav svojih vlastitih tijela?
03:52
I invitepozvati you to talk about this with me furtherunaprijediti,
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Pozivam vas da pričate sa mnom o tome više,
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and in the meantimeu međuvremenu, I wishželja you lucksreća.
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a u međuvremenu, sretno vam bilo.
03:57
MaySvibanj nonenijedan of your non-cancerkarcinoma ne- cellsStanice
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Neka nijedna od vaših stanica koje ne nose rak
03:59
becomepostati endangeredugrožena speciesvrsta.
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postanu ugrožene vrste.
04:01
Thank you.
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Hvala vam.
04:03
(ApplausePljesak)
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(Pljesak)

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ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Nina Tandon - Tissue engineering researcher
Nina Tandon studies ways to use electrical signals to grow artificial tissues for transplants and other therapies.

Why you should listen

Nina Tandon studies electrical signaling in the context of tissue engineering, with the goal of creating “spare parts” for human implantation and/or disease models. After receiving a bachelor’s degree in electrical engineering from Cooper Union, Nina worked on an electronic nose used to “smell” lung cancer as a Fulbright scholar in Rome. She studied electrical stimulation for cardiac tissue engineering at MIT and Columbia, and now continues her research on electrical stimulation for broader tissue-engineering applications. Tandon was a 2011 TED Fellow and a 2012 Senior Fellow. Nina was also honored as one of Foreign Policy's 2015 Global Thinkers

More profile about the speaker
Nina Tandon | Speaker | TED.com