TEDGlobal 2011
Julia Bacha: Pay attention to nonviolence
Julia Bacha: Obratite pažnju na nenasilje
Filmed:
Readability: 4.7
857,162 views
2003. godine, selo Budrus u Palestini organiziralo je desetomjesečni nenasilni prosvjed za prestanak gradnje barijere preko njihovih nasada maslina. Jeste li čuli za to? Nismo ni mislili. Brazilska redateljica Julia Bacha pita se zašto obraćamo pažnju samo na nasilje u izraelsko-palestinskom sukobu, a ne i na nenasilne vođe koji bi jednog dana mogli postići mir.
Julia Bacha - Filmmaker
Julia Bacha is the creative director at Just Vision, an organization that uses film and multimedia storytelling to foster constructive conversations on some of the most divisive issues of our times. Full bio
Julia Bacha is the creative director at Just Vision, an organization that uses film and multimedia storytelling to foster constructive conversations on some of the most divisive issues of our times. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:15
I'm a filmmaker.
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Ja sam redateljica.
00:17
For the last 8 years,
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Proteklih 8 godina,
00:19
I have dedicated my life
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posvetila sam svoj život
00:21
to documenting the work
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dokumentiranju rada
00:23
of Israelis and Palestinians
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Izraelaca i Palestinaca
00:25
who are trying to end the conflict
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koji pokušavaju prekinuti sukob
00:27
using peaceful means.
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služeći se mirnim sredstvima.
00:29
When I travel with my work
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Kad u sklopu posla putujem
00:31
across Europe and the United States,
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Europom i Sjedinjenim Državama,
00:33
one question always comes up:
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uvijek se postavlja jedno pitanje:
00:38
Where is the Palestinian Gandhi?
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Gdje je palestinski Gandhi?
00:40
Why aren't Palestinians
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Zašto Palestinci
00:42
using nonviolent resistance?
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ne koriste nenasilan otpor?
00:45
The challenge I face when I hear this question
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Izazov s kojim se suočavam kad čujem to pitanje
00:48
is that often I have just returned from the Middle East
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jest taj da sam se često upravo vratila s Bliskog istoka,
00:51
where I spent my time
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gdje sam provela vrijeme
00:53
filming dozens of Palestinians
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snimajući desetke Palestinaca
00:55
who are using nonviolence
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koji koriste nenasilje
00:57
to defend their lands
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kako bi obranili svoju zemlju
00:59
and water resources
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i izvore vode
01:01
from Israeli soldiers and settlers.
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od izraelskih vojnika i doseljenika.
01:04
These leaders are trying to forge
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Ti vođe pokušavaju skovati
01:07
a massive national nonviolent movement
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masivni nacionalni nenasilni pokret
01:10
to end the occupation
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kako bi prekinuli okupaciju
01:12
and build peace in the region.
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i izgradili mir u regiji.
01:14
Yet, most of you
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Pa ipak, većina vas
01:16
have probably never heard about them.
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nikad nije čula za njih.
01:19
This divide between what's happening on the ground
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Ta razlika između onoga što se događa na terenu
01:21
and perceptions abroad
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i mišljenja javnosti u inozemstvu
01:23
is one of the key reasons
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jedan je od ključnih razloga
01:25
why we don't have yet
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zašto još uvijek nemamo
01:27
a Palestinian peaceful resistance movement
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palestinski mirni pokret otpora
01:30
that has been successful.
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koji bi bio uspješan.
01:33
So I'm here today
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Stoga sam danas ovdje
01:35
to talk about the power of attention,
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kako bih govorila o moći pažnje,
01:37
the power of your attention,
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moći vaše pažnje,
01:40
and the emergence and development
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i o pojavi i razvoju
01:42
of nonviolent movements
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nenasilnih pokreta
01:44
in the West Bank, Gaza and elsewhere --
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na Zapadnoj Obali, u Pojasu Gaze i drugdje --
01:47
but today, my case study is going to be Palestine.
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ali danas, moja studija slučaja bit će Palestina.
01:51
I believe that what's mostly missing
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Vjerujem kako ono što uglavnom nedostaje
01:53
for nonviolence to grow
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da bi se nenasilje moglo razviti
01:55
is not for Palestinians
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nije da Palestinci
01:57
to start adopting nonviolence,
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počnu usvajati nenasilje,
02:00
but for us to start paying attention
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već da mi počnemo obraćati pažnju
02:03
to those who already are.
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na one koji to već rade.
02:07
Allow me to illustrate this point
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Dopustite mi da to ilustriram
02:09
by taking you to this village
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posjetom ovome selu
02:11
called Budrus.
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koje se zove Budrus.
02:13
About seven years ago,
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Otprilike prije sedam godina,
02:15
they faced extinction,
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prijetilo im je uništenje
02:17
because Israel announced it would build a separation barrier,
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jer je Izrael objavio kako će sagraditi barijeru za odvajanje,
02:19
and part of this barrier
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a dio te barijere
02:21
would be built on top of the village.
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bio bi izgrađen preko sela.
02:23
They would lose 40 percent of their land
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Izgubili bi 40 posto svoje zemlje
02:25
and be surrounded,
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i bili bi opkoljeni,
02:27
so they would lose free access
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te bi tako izgubili slobodan pristup
02:29
to the rest of the West Bank.
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ostatku Zapadne Obale.
02:31
Through inspired local leadership,
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Uz pomoć inventivnih lokalnih vođa,
02:33
they launched a peaceful resistance campaign
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pokrenuli su mirovnu kampanju otpora
02:36
to stop that from happening.
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kako bi to spriječili.
02:38
Let me show you some brief clips,
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Pokazat ću vam nekoliko kratkih isječaka,
02:40
so you have a sense
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tako da dobijete dojam
02:42
for what that actually looked like on the ground.
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kako je to zapravo izgledalo na licu mjesta.
02:45
(Music)
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(Glazba)
02:51
Palestinian Woman: We were told the wall
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Palestinska žena: Rečeno nam je kako će zid
02:54
would separate Palestine from Israel.
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odvojiti Palestinu od Izraela.
02:57
Here in Budrus,
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Ovdje u Budrusu,
02:59
we realized the wall would steal our land.
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shvatili smo kako bi zid ukrao našu zemlju.
03:01
Israeli Man: The fence has, in fact,
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Izraelski muškarac: Ograda je, zapravo,
03:03
created a solution to terror.
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donijela rješenje za teror.
03:06
Man: Today you're invited
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Muškarac: Danas ste pozvani
03:09
to a peaceful march.
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na mirovni prosvjed.
03:15
You are joined
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Pridružuju vam se
03:18
by dozens of your Israeli brothers and sisters.
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deseci vaše izraelske braće i sestara.
03:20
Israeli Activist: Nothing scares the army
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Izraelski aktivist: Ništa ne uplaši vojsku
03:23
more than nonviolent opposition.
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više od nenasilnog otpora.
03:28
Woman: We saw the men
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Žena: Vidjeli smo muškarce
03:30
trying to push the soldiers,
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kako su pokušali gurnuti vojnike,
03:32
but none of them could do that.
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ali nijedan od njih to nije mogao.
03:35
But I think the girls could do it.
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Ali mislim kako bi cure to mogle.
03:42
Fatah Party Member: We must empty our minds
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Član stranke Fatah: Moramo iz svojih umova izbaciti
03:45
of traditional thinking.
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tradicionalno razmišljanje.
03:50
Hamas Party Member: We were in complete harmony,
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Član stranke Hamas: Bili smo u potpuno skladu,
03:53
and we wanted to spread it to all of Palestine.
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i željeli smo to proširiti na cijelu Palestinu.
03:56
Chanting: One united nation.
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Pjevanje: Jedan ujedinjeni narod.
03:58
Fatah, Hamas and the Popular Front!
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Fatah, Hamas i Narodna fronta!
04:02
News Anchor: The clashes over the fence continue.
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Voditelj vijesti: Nastavljaju se sukobi oko ograde.
04:04
Reporter: Israeli border police were sent to disperse the crowd.
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Reporter: Izraelska pogranična policija poslana je da rastjera gomilu.
04:08
They were allowed to use any force necessary.
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Dozvoljena im je upotreba svake potrebne sile.
04:10
(Gunshots)
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(Pucnjevi)
04:12
Man: These are live bullets.
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Muškarac: Ovo su pravi metci.
04:14
It's like Fallujah. Shooting everywhere.
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Ovo je kao u Fallujahu. Posvuda pucnjava.
04:17
Israeli Activist: I was sure we were all going to die.
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Izraelski aktivist: Bio sam siguran da ćemo umrijeti.
04:20
But there were others around me who weren't even cowering.
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Ali bilo je drugih oko mene koji se nisu ni naježili.
04:28
Israeli Soldier: A nonviolent protest
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Izraelski vojnik: Nenasilan prosvjed
04:30
is not going to stop the [unclear].
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neće zaustaviti [nejasno].
04:33
Protester: This is a peaceful march.
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Prosvjednik: Ovo je mirni prosvjed.
04:35
There is no need to use violence.
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Nema potrebe za korištenjem nasilja.
04:38
Chanting: We can do it! We can do it!
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Pjevanje: Mi to možemo. Mi to možemo.
04:42
We can do it!
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Mi to možemo!
04:46
Julia Bacha: When I first heard
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Julia Bacha: Kad sam prvi put čula
04:48
about the story of Budrus,
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priču o Budrusu,
04:50
I was surprised
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bila sam iznenađena
04:52
that the international media had failed to cover
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kako međunarodni mediji nisu uspjeli izvijestiti
04:55
the extraordinary set of events
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o nevjerojatnom nizu događaja
04:57
that happened seven years ago,
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koji su se zbili prije sedam godina,
04:59
in 2003.
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2003. godine.
05:01
What was even more surprising
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Ono što me još više iznenadilo
05:03
was the fact that Budrus was successful.
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bila je činjenica da je Budrus bio uspješan.
05:06
The residents, after 10 months of peaceful resistance,
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Stanovnici, nakon 10 mjeseci mirnog otpora,
05:09
convinced the Israeli government
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uvjerili su izraelsku vladu
05:12
to move the route of the barrier off their lands
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da pomakne rutu barijere s njihovih zemljišta
05:15
and to the green line,
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do zelene linije,
05:17
which is the internationally recognized boundary
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što je međunarodno priznata granica
05:20
between Israel and the Palestinian Territories.
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između Izraela i palestinskih teritorija.
05:23
The resistance in Budrus
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Otpor u Budrusu
05:25
has since spread
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otad se proširio
05:27
to villages across the West Bank
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na sela duž Zapadne Obale
05:29
and to Palestinian neighborhoods in Jerusalem.
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i na palestinske četvrti u Jeruzalemu.
05:33
Yet the media remains mostly silent
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Ipak, mediji većinom šute
05:36
on these stories.
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o tim pričama.
05:39
This silence carries profound consequences
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Ta šutnja nosi duboke posljedice
05:42
for the likelihood
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za vjerojatnost
05:44
that nonviolence can grow,
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da bi se nenasilje moglo proširiti,
05:46
or even survive,
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ili čak preživjeti,
05:48
in Palestine.
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u Palestini.
05:50
Violent resistance
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Nasilan otpor
05:52
and nonviolent resistance
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i nenasilan otpor
05:54
share one very important thing in common;
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imaju jednu vrlo važnu zajedničku točku:
05:58
they are both a form of theater
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oba su neka vrst kazališta
06:01
seeking an audience to their cause.
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koje traži publiku za svoj cilj.
06:04
If violent actors
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Ako su nasilni glumci
06:06
are the only ones constantly getting front-page covers
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jedini koji su konstantno na naslovnicama
06:09
and attracting international attention
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i privlače pažnju međunarodne zajednice
06:11
to the Palestinian issue,
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na problem Palestine,
06:13
it becomes very hard
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nenasilnim vođama
06:15
for nonviolent leaders
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postaje vrlo teško
06:17
to make the case to their communities
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uvjeriti pripadnike svojih zajednica
06:19
that civil disobedience
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kako je građanski neposluh
06:21
is a viable option
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legitimna opcija
06:23
in addressing their plight.
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u procesu rješavanja njihovih neprilika.
06:25
The power of attention
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Moć pažnje
06:27
is probably going to come as no surprise
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vjerojatno neće biti nikakvo iznenađenje
06:29
to the parents in the room.
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roditeljima u ovoj prostoriji.
06:32
The surest way
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Najsigurniji način
06:34
to make your child throw increasingly louder tantrums
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da vaše dijete sve jače i jače vrišti
06:37
is by giving him attention
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jest da mu posvetite pažnju
06:39
the first time he throws a fit.
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kad prvi put počne vrištati.
06:41
The tantrum will become
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Vrištanje će postati
06:43
what childhood psychologists call
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ono što dječji psiholozi zovu
06:45
a functional behavior,
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funkcionalnim ponašanjem,
06:47
since the child has learned
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jer dijete je naučilo
06:49
that he can get parental attention out of it.
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kako pomoću njega može dobiti pažnju roditelja.
06:53
Parents can incentivize or disincentivize behavior
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Roditelji mogu poticati ili ne poticati neko ponašanje
06:57
simply by giving or withdrawing
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jednostavno dajući ili uskraćujući
06:59
attention to their children.
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pažnju svojoj djeci.
07:02
But that's true for adults too.
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Ali to vrijedi i za odrasle.
07:05
In fact, the behavior
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Zapravo, na ponašanje
07:07
of entire communities and countries
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cijelih zajednica i država
07:09
can be influenced,
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može se utjecati,
07:11
depending on where
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ovisno o tome na što
07:13
the international community chooses
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međunarodna zajednica odluči
07:15
to focus its attention.
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usredotočiti svoju pažnju.
07:18
I believe that at the core of ending the conflict in the Middle East
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Vjerujem kako je u srži prestanka sukoba na Bliskom istoku
07:22
and bringing peace
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i stvaranja mira
07:24
is for us
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to da mi
07:26
to transform nonviolence
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pretvorimo nenasilje
07:28
into a functional behavior
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u funkcionalno ponašanje
07:30
by giving a lot more attention
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tako što ćemo posvetiti mnogo više pažnje
07:32
to the nonviolent leaders on the ground today.
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nenasilnim vođama današnjice.
07:36
In the course of taking my film to villages
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Tijekom prikazivanja svojeg filma po selima
07:39
in the West Bank, in Gaza and in East Jerusalem,
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na Zapadnoj Obali i u Pojasu Gaze i istočnom Jeruzalemu,
07:42
I have seen the impact
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vidjela sam učinak
07:44
that even one documentary film can have
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koji čak i samo jedan dokumentarni film može imati
07:47
in influencing the transformation.
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u utjecaju na transformaciju.
07:51
In a village called Wallajeh,
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U selu Wallajeh,
07:53
which sits very close to Jerusalem,
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koje se nalazi vrlo blizu Jeruzalema,
07:56
the community was facing
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zajednica je bila suočena
07:58
a very similar plight to Budrus.
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sa sličnim nevoljama kao Budrus.
08:00
They were going to be surrounded, lose a lot of their lands
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Bili bi opkoljeni, izgubili bi mnogo svoje zemlje
08:03
and not have freedom of access,
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i ne bi imali slobodan pristup,
08:05
either to the West Bank or Jerusalem.
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ni Zapadnoj Obali ni Jeruzalemu.
08:08
They had been using nonviolence for about two years
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Koristili su nenasilje oko dvije godine,
08:11
but had grown disenchanted
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ali bili su razočarani
08:13
since nobody was paying attention.
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jer nitko nije obraćao pažnju.
08:16
So we organized a screening.
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Stoga smo organizirali prikazivanje filma.
08:19
A week later,
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Tjedan dana kasnije,
08:21
they held the most well-attended
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održali su najposjećenije
08:23
and disciplined
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i najdiscipliniranije
08:25
demonstration to date.
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demonstracije do sada.
08:28
The organizers say
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Organizatori kažu
08:30
that the villagers, upon seeing the story of Budrus
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kako su seljani, kad su vidjeli priču o Budrusu
08:32
documented in a film,
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prikazanu na filmu,
08:34
felt that there were indeed people
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osjetili da zaista postoje ljudi
08:36
following what they were doing,
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koji prate ono što oni rade,
08:38
that people cared.
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da je ljudima stalo.
08:40
So they kept on going.
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Stoga su nastavili.
08:42
On the Israeli side,
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S izraelske strane,
08:44
there is a new peace movement called Solidariot,
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postoji novi mirovni pokret, Solidariot,
08:47
which means solidarity in Hebrew.
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što na hebrejskom znači solidarnost.
08:50
The leaders of this movement have been using Budrus
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Vođe tog pokreta koristili su Budrus
08:53
as one of their primary recruiting tools.
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kao jedno od svojih glavnih sredstava regrutacije.
08:56
They report
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Javljaju
08:58
that Israelis who had never been active before,
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kako Izraelci koji nikad prije nisu bili aktivni,
09:00
upon seeing the film,
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nakon gledanja filma
09:02
understand the power of nonviolence
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shvaćaju moć nenasilja
09:04
and start joining their activities.
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i počinju se pridruživati njihovim aktivnostima.
09:06
The examples of Wallajeh
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Primjer Wallajeha
09:08
and the Solidariot movement
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i pokreta Solidariot
09:10
show that even a small-budget independent film
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pokazuju kako čak i niskobudžetni nezavisni film
09:14
can play a role
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može imati ulogu
09:16
in transforming nonviolence
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u pretvaranju nenasilja
09:18
into a functional behavior.
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u funkcionalno ponašanje.
09:21
Now imagine the power
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Sada zamislite moć
09:23
that big media players could have
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koju bi veliki medijski igrači mogli imati
09:26
if they started covering
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kad bi počeli izvještavati
09:28
the weekly nonviolent demonstrations
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o tjednim nenasilnim demonstracijama
09:30
happening in villages
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koje se događaju u selima
09:32
like Bil'in, Ni'lin,
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poput Bil'ina, Ni'lina,
09:34
Wallajeh,
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Wallajeha,
09:36
in Jerusalem neighborhoods
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u Jeruzalemskim četvrtima
09:38
like Sheikh Jarrah and Silwan --
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poput Sheikh Jarrahe i Silwana --
09:41
the nonviolent leaders
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nenasilni vođe
09:43
would become more visible,
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postali bi vidljiviji,
09:45
valued and effective
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cjenjeniji i učinkovitiji
09:47
in their work.
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u svom poslu.
09:50
I believe
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Vjerujem
09:52
that the most important thing
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kako je najvažnija stvar
09:54
is to understand
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razumjeti
09:56
that if we don't pay attention to these efforts,
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da ako ne obratimo pažnju na te napore,
09:59
they are invisible,
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oni ostaju nevidljivi,
10:01
and it's as if they never happened.
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i kao da ih nikad nije ni bilo.
10:03
But I have seen first hand
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Ali vidjela sam iz prve ruke
10:05
that if we do,
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da ako obratimo pažnju,
10:07
they will multiply.
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oni će se umnožiti.
10:09
If they multiply,
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Ako se umnože,
10:11
their influence will grow
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njihov utjecaj će rasti
10:13
in the overall Israeli-Palestinian conflict.
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u cijelom izraelsko-palestinskom sukobu.
10:15
And theirs is the kind of influence
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A njihov je utjecaj takav
10:18
that can finally
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da u konačnici može
10:20
unblock the situation.
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deblokirati situaciju.
10:22
These leaders have proven that nonviolence works
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Ti su vođe dokazali da je nenasilje učinkovito
10:25
in places like Budrus.
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na mjestima poput Budrusa.
10:27
Let's give them attention
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Obratimo pažnju na njih
10:29
so they can prove it works everywhere.
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kako bi mogli dokazati da je učinkovito svugdje.
10:32
Thank you.
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Hvala vam.
10:34
(Applause)
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(Pljesak)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Julia Bacha - FilmmakerJulia Bacha is the creative director at Just Vision, an organization that uses film and multimedia storytelling to foster constructive conversations on some of the most divisive issues of our times.
Why you should listen
Bacha started her filmmaking career writing and editing Control Room (2004), a documentary about the inner workings of the Arab satellite television channel Al Jazeera. She then wrote and co-directed Encounter Point (2006) and directed Budrus (2009), both stories of courageous bridge-building between Palestinians and Israelis in a highly volatile environment. Her most recent film, My Neighborhood (2012), follows a Palestinian teenager struggling to reclaim his home in East Jerusalem from Jewish settlers. She is now directing a film about the Palestinian women who secretly led the First Intifada, for which she was awarded a 2016 Guggenheim Fellowship.
Julia Bacha | Speaker | TED.com