TEDxChange
Melinda Gates: Let's put birth control back on the agenda
Melinda Gates: Vratimo pitanje kontracepcije na dnevni red
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Kontracepcija. Nedavno je to pitanje postalo kontroverzno, ali treba li to tako biti? Melinda Gates vjeruje da svjetska društvena promjena uvelike ovisi o osiguravanju ženama kontrole nad brojem djece. U ovom značajnom govoru zagovara ideju da svijet treba ponovno proučiti ovo pitanje koje ona namjerava podržavati tijekom sljedećeg desetljeća.
Melinda Gates - Philanthropist
Melinda French Gates is co-chair of the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, where she puts into practice the idea that every life has equal value. Full bio
Melinda French Gates is co-chair of the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, where she puts into practice the idea that every life has equal value. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:04
Today, I'd like to talk with you
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Danas ću vam govoriti
00:05
about something that should be
a totally uncontroversial topic.
a totally uncontroversial topic.
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o nečemu što bi trebalo biti
posve nekontroverzna tema,
posve nekontroverzna tema,
00:11
But, unfortunately,
it's become incredibly controversial.
it's become incredibly controversial.
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ali je nažalost postalo
iznimno kontroverzno.
iznimno kontroverzno.
00:17
This year, if you think about it,
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Ako razmislite o tome, ove godine
00:19
over a billion couples
will have sex with one another.
will have sex with one another.
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preko milijardu parova
spavat će jedno s drugim.
spavat će jedno s drugim.
00:23
Couples like this one,
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Parovi poput ovoga,
00:26
and this one,
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i ovoga,
00:27
and this one,
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i ovoga
00:29
and, yes,
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i da,
00:31
even this one.
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čak i ovoga.
00:32
(Laughter)
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(Smijeh)
00:34
And my idea is this --
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A ja smatram sljedeće:
00:36
all these men and women
should be free to decide
should be free to decide
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svi ovi muškarci i žene
trebali bi imati slobodu izbora
trebali bi imati slobodu izbora
00:41
whether they do or do not
want to conceive a child.
want to conceive a child.
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po pitanju toga žele li
ili ne žele imati dijete.
ili ne žele imati dijete.
00:45
And they should be able to use
one of these birth control methods
one of these birth control methods
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Trebali bi biti u mogućnosti koristiti
jedno od ovih oblika kontracepcije
jedno od ovih oblika kontracepcije
00:49
to act on their decision.
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u svrhu ostvarivanja te odluke.
00:53
Now, I think you'd have a hard time
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Mislim da bi vam bilo teško
00:55
finding many people
who disagree with this idea.
who disagree with this idea.
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pronaći ljude koji se
s ovim ne bi složili.
s ovim ne bi složili.
01:00
Over one billion people use birth control
without any hesitation at all.
without any hesitation at all.
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Preko milijardu ljudi koristi
kontracepciju bez ikakvog oklijevanja.
kontracepciju bez ikakvog oklijevanja.
01:07
They want the power
to plan their own lives
to plan their own lives
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Žele moći planirati vlastite živote
01:11
and to raise healthier, better educated
and more prosperous families.
and more prosperous families.
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i odgajati zdravije, bolje obrazovane
i uspješnije obitelji.
i uspješnije obitelji.
01:18
But, for an idea that is
so broadly accepted in private,
so broadly accepted in private,
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No, za jednu ideju koja je u privatnosti
tako široko prihvaćena,
tako široko prihvaćena,
01:24
birth control certainly generates
a lot of opposition in public.
a lot of opposition in public.
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kontracepcija definitivno izaziva
jako puno protivljenja u javnosti.
jako puno protivljenja u javnosti.
01:29
Some people think
when we talk about contraception
when we talk about contraception
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Neki ljudi misle da kad govorimo
o kontracepciji,
o kontracepciji,
01:32
that it's code for abortion,
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da je to tek šifra za pobačaj,
01:35
which it's not.
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a nije.
01:36
Some people -- let's be honest --
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Budimo iskreni, nekim je ljudima
01:39
they're uncomfortable with the topic
because it's about sex.
because it's about sex.
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neugodno zbog te teme jer se radi o seksu.
01:43
Some people worry
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Neki ljudi brinu
01:45
that the real goal of family planning
is to control populations.
is to control populations.
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da je pravi cilj planiranja obitelji
kontrola populacije.
kontrola populacije.
01:50
These are all side issues
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Sve su to sporedna pitanja
01:54
that have attached themselves
to this core idea that men and women
to this core idea that men and women
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koja su se nadovezala na tu temeljnu ideju
da bi muškarci i žene
da bi muškarci i žene
02:00
should be able to decide
when they want to have a child.
when they want to have a child.
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trebali moći odlučiti
o tome kada žele imati dijete.
o tome kada žele imati dijete.
02:05
And as a result, birth control has
almost completely and totally disappeared
almost completely and totally disappeared
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Posljedično, kontracepcija je
gotovo potpuno nestala
gotovo potpuno nestala
02:11
from the global health agenda.
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s dnevnog reda javnog zdravstva.
02:14
The victims of this paralysis
are the people of sub-Saharan Africa
are the people of sub-Saharan Africa
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Žrtve te paralize su
stanovnici subsaharske Afrike
stanovnici subsaharske Afrike
02:20
and South Asia.
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i sjeverne Azije.
02:23
Here in Germany, the proportion of people
that use contraception
that use contraception
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Ovdje u Njemačkoj stopa ljudi
koji koriste kontracepciju
koji koriste kontracepciju
02:27
is about 66 percent.
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iznosi oko 66 %.
02:29
That's about what you'd expect.
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Ta brojka ne iznenađuje.
02:31
In El Salvador, very similar, 66 percent.
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U El Salvadoru je slična situacija - 66 %.
02:35
Thailand, 64 percent.
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Na Tajlandu 64 %.
02:39
But let's compare that to other places,
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Ali usporedimo to s drugim mjestima
02:41
like Uttar Pradesh,
one of the largest states in India.
one of the largest states in India.
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poput Uttar Pradesha,
jedne od najvećih indijskih zemalja.
jedne od najvećih indijskih zemalja.
02:45
In fact, if Uttar Pradesh
was its own country,
was its own country,
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Naime, da je Uttar Pradesh
samostalna država,
samostalna država,
02:49
it would be the fifth largest
country in the world.
country in the world.
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bila bi peta najveća država u svijetu.
02:53
Their contraception rate -- 29 percent.
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Njihova stopa uporabe kontracepcije
iznosi 29 %.
iznosi 29 %.
02:58
Nigeria, the most populous
country in Africa, 10 percent.
country in Africa, 10 percent.
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Nigerija, najnaseljenija afrička zemlja,
ima stopu uporabe od 10 %.
ima stopu uporabe od 10 %.
03:04
Chad, 2 percent.
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Čad - 2 %.
03:09
Let's just take one country
in Africa, Senegal.
in Africa, Senegal.
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Uzmimo samo jednu afričku zemlju - Senegal
03:12
Their rate is about 12 percent.
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čija stopa iznosi oko 12 %.
03:14
But why is it so low?
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Ali zašto je ta stopa tako niska?
03:17
One reason is that the most popular
contraceptives are rarely available.
contraceptives are rarely available.
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Jedan od razloga leži u nedostupnosti
najomiljenijih kontracepcijskih sredstava.
najomiljenijih kontracepcijskih sredstava.
03:23
Women in Africa will tell you
over and over again
over and over again
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Afričke žene uvijek će vam reći
03:26
that what they prefer today
is an injectable.
is an injectable.
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da sada preferiraju sredstva
u obliku cjepiva.
u obliku cjepiva.
03:29
They get it in their arm --
and they go about four times a year,
and they go about four times a year,
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Dobivaju ih u ruku, i to
oko četiri puta godišnje
oko četiri puta godišnje
03:33
they have to get it every three months --
to get their injection.
to get their injection.
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i moraju ići svaka tri mjeseca
po novu dozu.
po novu dozu.
03:36
The reason women like it so much in Africa
is they can hide it from their husbands,
is they can hide it from their husbands,
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A preferiraju taj oblik
jer ga mogu sakriti od muževa
jer ga mogu sakriti od muževa
03:42
who sometimes want a lot of children.
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koji ponekad žele jako puno djece.
03:45
The problem is every other time
a woman goes into a clinic in Senegal,
a woman goes into a clinic in Senegal,
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Problem je u tome što svaki drugi put
kad žena ode u kliniku u Senegalu,
kad žena ode u kliniku u Senegalu,
03:50
that injection is stocked out.
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sazna da cjepiva nema na zalihi.
03:53
It's stocked out 150 days out of the year.
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Nema ga na zalihi 150 dana tijekom godine.
03:58
So can you imagine the situation --
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Zamislite tu situaciju -
04:00
she walks all this way
to go get her injection.
to go get her injection.
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ona prijeđe toliki put za cjepivo.
04:03
She leaves her field,
sometimes leaves her children,
sometimes leaves her children,
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Napusti polje, a ponekad i djecu,
04:06
and it's not there.
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a cjepiva nema
04:07
And she doesn't know
when it's going to be available again.
when it's going to be available again.
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i ne zna kad će ponovno biti dostupno.
04:11
This is the same story
across the continent of Africa today.
across the continent of Africa today.
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Ta se priča danas ponavlja
diljem afričkog kontinenta.
diljem afričkog kontinenta.
04:16
And so what we've created as a world
has become a life-and-death crisis.
has become a life-and-death crisis.
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Stvorili smo svijet u kojem
vlada kriza na život ili smrt.
vlada kriza na život ili smrt.
04:21
There are 100,000 women [per year]
who say they don't want to be pregnant
who say they don't want to be pregnant
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Godišnje 100 000 žena
koje izjave da ne žele zatrudnjeti
koje izjave da ne žele zatrudnjeti
04:27
and they die in childbirth --
100,000 women a year.
100,000 women a year.
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umru pri porodu - 100 000 žena godišnje.
04:32
There are another 600,000 women [per year]
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Ima tu i drugih 600 000 žena koje godišnje
04:34
who say they didn't want to be pregnant
in the first place,
in the first place,
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izjave da nisu ni htjele ostati trudne,
04:37
and they give birth to a baby
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a rode dijete
04:39
and her baby dies
in that first month of life.
in that first month of life.
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koje premine tijekom prvog mjeseca života.
04:43
I know everyone wants to save
these mothers and these children.
these mothers and these children.
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Znam da svi žele spasiti
te žene i njihovu djecu,
te žene i njihovu djecu,
04:50
But somewhere along the way,
we got confused by our own conversation.
we got confused by our own conversation.
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ali negdje usput sami smo
sebe zbunili tim pričama
sebe zbunili tim pričama
04:56
And we stopped trying to save these lives.
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i prestali smo pokušavati
spašavati te živote.
spašavati te živote.
05:01
So if we're going to make
progress on this issue,
progress on this issue,
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Ako planiramo napredovati po ovom pitanju,
05:04
we have to be really clear
about what our agenda is.
about what our agenda is.
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moramo izričito naglasiti
što nam je na dnevnom redu.
što nam je na dnevnom redu.
05:08
We're not talking about abortion.
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Ne govorimo o pobačaju,
05:11
We're not talking
about population control.
about population control.
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ne govorimo o kontroli populacije.
05:14
What I'm talking about is giving women
the power to save their lives,
the power to save their lives,
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već o tome da ženama dajemo
moć da spase vlastite živote,
moć da spase vlastite živote,
05:21
to save their children's lives
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da spase živote svoje djece
05:23
and to give their families
the best possible future.
the best possible future.
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i da svojim obiteljima pruže
najbolju moguću budućnost.
najbolju moguću budućnost.
05:28
Now, as a world,
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Kao svijet
05:29
there are lots of things we have to do
in the global health community
in the global health community
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puno toga moramo učiniti
u zajednicama javnog zdravstva
u zajednicama javnog zdravstva
05:33
if we want to make the world
better in the future --
better in the future --
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ako želim popraviti svijet u budućnosti -
05:36
things like fight diseases.
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kao npr. boriti se s bolestima.
05:38
So many children today die of diarrhea,
as you heard earlier, and pneumonia.
as you heard earlier, and pneumonia.
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Danas toliko djece umire od proljeva,
kao što ste već čuli, i upale pluća.
kao što ste već čuli, i upale pluća.
05:42
They kill literally
millions of children a year.
millions of children a year.
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Te bolesti ubijaju doslovno
milijune djece godišnje.
milijune djece godišnje.
05:45
We also need to help small farmers --
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Moramo pomoći i malim farmerima -
05:47
farmers who plow
small plots of land in Africa --
small plots of land in Africa --
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farmerima koji u Africi
obrađuju male komade zemlje -
obrađuju male komade zemlje -
05:52
so that they can grow enough food
to feed their children.
to feed their children.
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da uzgoje dovoljno hrane
da prehrane svoju djecu.
da prehrane svoju djecu.
05:54
And we have to make sure that
children are educated around the world.
children are educated around the world.
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Moramo osigurati i da djeca
diljem svijeta budu obrazovana.
diljem svijeta budu obrazovana.
05:59
But one of the simplest
and most transformative things we can do
and most transformative things we can do
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Ali jedna od najučinkovitijih
stvari koje možemo učiniti
stvari koje možemo učiniti
06:04
is to give everybody access
to birth control methods
to birth control methods
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jest svima omogućiti pristup
kontracepcijskim metodama
kontracepcijskim metodama
06:08
that almost all Germans have access to
and all Americans, at some point,
and all Americans, at some point,
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kojima imaju pristup gotovo svi Nijemci
i svi Amerikanci u određenom razdoblju
i svi Amerikanci u određenom razdoblju
06:13
they use these tools during their life.
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života kada ih koriste.
06:17
And I think as long as we're really clear
about what our agenda is,
about what our agenda is,
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Dok nam je jasno
što nam je na dnevnom redu,
što nam je na dnevnom redu,
06:23
there's a global movement
waiting to happen
waiting to happen
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čeka nas globalni pokret
06:25
and ready to get behind
this totally uncontroversial idea.
this totally uncontroversial idea.
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koji je spreman poduprijeti
ovu nekontroverznu ideju.
ovu nekontroverznu ideju.
06:32
When I grew up,
I grew up in a Catholic home.
I grew up in a Catholic home.
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Odrastala sam u katoličkom domu,
06:35
I still consider myself
a practicing Catholic.
a practicing Catholic.
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još se uvijek smatram
praktičnim katolikom.
praktičnim katolikom.
06:39
My mom's great-uncle was a Jesuit priest.
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Majčin praujak bio je jezuitski svećenik.
06:43
My great-aunt was a Dominican nun.
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Moja prateta bila je sestra dominikanka.
06:46
She was a schoolteacher
and a principal her entire life.
and a principal her entire life.
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Bila je učiteljica i ravnateljica
cijeli svoj život.
cijeli svoj život.
06:50
In fact, she's the one who taught me
as a young girl how to read.
as a young girl how to read.
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Ona me i naučila čitati
kad sam bila djevojčica.
kad sam bila djevojčica.
06:55
I was very close to her.
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Bile smo jako bliske.
06:57
And I went to Catholic schools
for my entire childhood
for my entire childhood
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Cijeli život išla sam u katoličke škole
07:00
until I left home to go to university.
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sve dok zbog fakulteta
nisam otišla od kuće.
nisam otišla od kuće.
07:03
In my high school, Ursuline Academy,
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U mojoj srednjoj školi Ursuline Academy
07:07
the nuns made service and social justice
a high priority in the school.
a high priority in the school.
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sestrama je u školi služba
i društvena pravda bio veliki prioritet.
i društvena pravda bio veliki prioritet.
07:14
Today, in the [Gates] Foundation's work,
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Vjerujem da danas u radu Zaklade Gates
07:16
I believe I'm applying the lessons
that I learned in high school.
that I learned in high school.
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primjenjujem lekcije
koje sam usvojila u srednjoj školi.
koje sam usvojila u srednjoj školi.
07:22
So, in the tradition of Catholic scholars,
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Prema tradiciji katoličkih učenjaka,
07:25
the nuns also taught us
to question received teachings.
to question received teachings.
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sestre nas uče da preispitujemo
primljena učenja.
primljena učenja.
07:31
And one of the teachings that we girls
and my peers questioned
and my peers questioned
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Jedno od učenja koje smo mi djevojke
i moji vršnjaci preispitivali bilo je
i moji vršnjaci preispitivali bilo je
07:36
was is birth control really a sin?
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pitanje je li kontracepcija
uistinu grijeh.
uistinu grijeh.
07:41
Because I think one of the reasons
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Mislim da je jedan od razloga
07:43
we have this huge discomfort
talking about contraception
talking about contraception
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zašto nam je toliko neugodno
pričati o kontracepciji
pričati o kontracepciji
07:47
is this lingering concern
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jest ta trajna zabrinutost
07:49
that if we separate sex from reproduction,
we're going to promote promiscuity.
we're going to promote promiscuity.
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da ako odvojimo seks od reprodukcije,
promicat ćemo promiskuitet.
promicat ćemo promiskuitet.
07:55
And I think that's a reasonable question
to be asked about contraception --
to be asked about contraception --
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Mislim da je to jedno razumno pitanje
koje se treba postaviti o kontracepciji -
koje se treba postaviti o kontracepciji -
07:59
what is its impact on sexual morality?
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kako ona utječe na seksualnu moralnost?
08:05
But, like most women,
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No, kao ni većini žena,
08:06
my decision about birth control
had nothing to do with promiscuity.
had nothing to do with promiscuity.
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moja odluka o kontracepciji
nije imala nikakve veze s promiskuitetom.
nije imala nikakve veze s promiskuitetom.
08:11
I had a plan for my future.
I wanted to go to college.
I wanted to go to college.
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Imala sam plan za budućnosti.
Htjela sam ići na fakultet.
Htjela sam ići na fakultet.
08:15
I studied really hard in college,
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Marljivo sam učila na faksu
08:17
and I was proud to be one of the very few
female computer science graduates
female computer science graduates
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i ponosila sam se time što sam jedna
od rijetkih studentica računalnih znanosti
od rijetkih studentica računalnih znanosti
08:22
at my university.
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na mom fakultetu.
08:24
I wanted to have a career,
so I went on to business school
so I went on to business school
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Htjela sam imati karijeru,
pa sam otišla u poslovnu školu
pa sam otišla u poslovnu školu
08:27
and I became one of the youngest
female executives at Microsoft.
female executives at Microsoft.
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i postala jedna od najmlađih
rukovoditeljica u Microsoftu.
rukovoditeljica u Microsoftu.
08:33
I still remember, though,
when I left my parents' home
when I left my parents' home
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No, još se uvijek sjećam
kako sam napustila roditeljski dom
kako sam napustila roditeljski dom
08:36
to move across the country
to start this new job at Microsoft.
to start this new job at Microsoft.
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i otišla na drugi kraj zemlje
zbog tog novog posla u Microsoftu.
zbog tog novog posla u Microsoftu.
08:40
They had sacrificed a lot
to give me five years of higher education.
to give me five years of higher education.
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Puno su se žrtvovali kako bi meni
omogućili pet godina visoke naobrazbe.
omogućili pet godina visoke naobrazbe.
08:46
But they said, as I left home --
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No, kad sam odlazila,
rekli su mi,
rekli su mi,
08:47
and I literally went down the front steps,
down the porch at home --
down the porch at home --
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doslovno sam silazila
niz stube ispred kuće,
niz stube ispred kuće,
08:51
and they said,
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i rekli su mi:
08:52
"Even though you've had
this great education,
this great education,
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"Iako si imala sjajno obrazovanje,
08:55
if you decide to get married
and have kids right away,
and have kids right away,
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ako se odlučiš udati i odmah imati djecu,
09:00
that's OK by us, too."
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mi nemamo ništa protiv."
09:03
They wanted me to do the thing
that would make me the very happiest.
that would make me the very happiest.
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Htjeli su da učinim ono
što bi me najviše usrećilo.
što bi me najviše usrećilo.
09:08
I was free to decide what that would be.
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Bila sam slobodna izabrati što će to biti.
09:11
It was an amazing feeling.
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Bio je to sjajan osjećaj.
09:14
In fact, I did want to have kids --
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Zapravo sam htjela imati djecu,
09:18
but I wanted to have them
when I was ready.
when I was ready.
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ali htjela sam ih imati
onda kad budem spremna.
onda kad budem spremna.
09:22
And so now, Bill and I have three.
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Sada Bill i ja imamo troje djece.
09:26
And when our eldest daughter was born,
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Kad nam se rodila najstarija kći,
09:28
we weren't, I would say,
exactly sure how to be great parents.
exactly sure how to be great parents.
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rekla bih da nismo bili baš najsigurniji
kako biti odlični roditelji.
kako biti odlični roditelji.
09:32
Maybe some of you know that feeling.
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Možda neki od vas znaju taj osjećaj.
09:35
And so we waited a little while
before we had our second child.
before we had our second child.
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Stoga smo se malo strpili
do drugog djeteta.
do drugog djeteta.
09:39
And it's no accident
that we have three children
that we have three children
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Nemamo slučajno troje djece
09:42
that are spaced three years apart.
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između kojih je po tri godine razlike.
09:45
Now, as a mother, what do I want
the very most for my children?
the very most for my children?
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Kao majka, što najviše želim svojoj djeci?
09:51
I want them to feel the way I did --
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Želim da se osjećaju poput mene -
09:54
like they can do anything
they want to do in life.
they want to do in life.
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kao da sa svojim životom
mogu raditi sve što požele.
mogu raditi sve što požele.
10:00
And so, what has struck me
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Ono što me zapanjilo
10:01
as I've travelled the last decade
for the foundation around the world
for the foundation around the world
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dok sam tijekom prošlog desetljeća
zbog zaklade putovala svijetom
zbog zaklade putovala svijetom
10:06
is that all women want that same thing.
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bilo je to što sve žene žele to isto.
10:11
Last year, I was in Nairobi, in the slums,
in one called Korogocho --
in one called Korogocho --
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Prošle godine bila sam u Nairobiju
u predgrađu Korogocho -
u predgrađu Korogocho -
10:16
which literally means when translated,
"standing shoulder to shoulder."
"standing shoulder to shoulder."
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naziv koji u doslovnom prijevodu znači
"stajati rame uz rame".
"stajati rame uz rame".
10:21
And I spoke with this women's group
that's pictured here.
that's pictured here.
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Razgovarala sam sa ženskom
skupinom s ove slike.
skupinom s ove slike.
10:24
And the women talked very openly
about their family life in the slums,
about their family life in the slums,
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Žene su zaista otvoreno govorile
o svom obiteljskom životu u predgrađu,
o svom obiteljskom životu u predgrađu,
10:29
what it was like.
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o tome kakav je.
10:30
And they talked quite intimately
about what they did for birth control.
about what they did for birth control.
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A prilično su povjerljivo govorile
o metodama kontracepcije.
o metodama kontracepcije.
10:34
Marianne, in the center of the screen
in the red sweater,
in the red sweater,
166
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Marriane, žena sa sredine ekrana
u crvenom džemperu,
u crvenom džemperu,
10:38
she summed up that entire
two-hour conversation
two-hour conversation
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sažela je taj cijeli dvosatni razgovor
10:41
in a phrase that I will never forget.
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u frazu koju nikad neću zaboraviti.
10:45
She said, "I want to bring
every good thing to this child
every good thing to this child
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Rekla je: "Želim ovom djetetu
pružiti svako dobro
pružiti svako dobro
10:52
before I have another."
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1400
prije nego dobijem sljedeće."
10:55
And I thought -- that's it.
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Pomislih - to je to.
10:57
That's universal.
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To je univerzalno.
10:59
We all want to bring
every good thing to our children.
every good thing to our children.
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Svi želimo svojoj djeci
pružiti svako dobro.
pružiti svako dobro.
11:04
But what's not universal is our ability
to provide every good thing.
to provide every good thing.
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No, naše mogućnosti da im pružimo
svako dobro nisu univerzalne.
svako dobro nisu univerzalne.
11:09
So many women suffer
from domestic violence.
from domestic violence.
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Puno je žena žrtava obiteljskog nasilja
11:12
And they can't even
broach the subject of contraception,
broach the subject of contraception,
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koje ne mogu ni načeti
temu kontracepcije,
temu kontracepcije,
11:15
even inside their own marriage.
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čak ni unutar vlastitog braka.
11:18
There are many women
who lack basic education.
who lack basic education.
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Ima žena koje nemaju osnovno obrazovanje.
11:21
Even many of the women
who do have knowledge and do have power
who do have knowledge and do have power
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5000
Čak i puno žena koje imaju i znanje i moć
11:27
don't have access to contraceptives.
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nema pristup kontracepcijskim sredstvima.
11:30
For 250 years, parents around the world
181
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Već 250 godina roditelji diljem svijeta
11:35
have been deciding
to have smaller families.
to have smaller families.
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odlučuju se za manje obitelji.
11:38
This trend has been steady
for a quarter of a millennium,
for a quarter of a millennium,
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Taj je trend ostao nepromijenjen
već četvrtinu tisućljeća
već četvrtinu tisućljeća
11:43
across cultures and across geographies,
184
699160
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u različitim kulturama
i u različitim zemljama,
i u različitim zemljama,
11:46
with the glaring exception
of sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia.
of sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia.
185
702800
5480
uz upadljivu iznimku
subsaharske Afrike i južne Azije.
subsaharske Afrike i južne Azije.
11:53
The French started bringing down
their family size in the mid-1700s.
their family size in the mid-1700s.
186
709920
4456
Francuzi su počeli smanjivati
veličinu obitelji sredinom 1700-ih,
veličinu obitelji sredinom 1700-ih,
11:58
And over the next 150 years,
this trend spread all across Europe.
this trend spread all across Europe.
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a tijekom sljedećih 150 godina
taj se trend proširio Europom.
taj se trend proširio Europom.
12:05
The surprising thing to me,
as I learned this history,
as I learned this history,
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Kad sam naučila o tom razvoju,
ono što me iznenadilo bilo je
ono što me iznenadilo bilo je
12:08
was that it spread not along socioeconomic
lines but around cultural lines.
lines but around cultural lines.
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724600
6816
to što se nije proširio socioekonomskim
linijama, već kulturalnim.
linijama, već kulturalnim.
12:15
People who spoke the same language
made that change as a group.
made that change as a group.
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731440
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Ljudi koji su govorili istim jezikom
tu su promjenu usvojili kao grupa.
tu su promjenu usvojili kao grupa.
12:19
They made the same choice
for their family,
for their family,
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Tu su odluku donijeli i za svoje obitelji,
12:21
whether they were rich
or whether they were poor.
or whether they were poor.
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3000
bez obzira na to
bili oni bogati ili siromašni.
bili oni bogati ili siromašni.
12:26
The reason that trend
toward smaller families spread
toward smaller families spread
193
742400
3216
Taj trend manjih obitelji proširio se
12:29
was that this whole way
was driven by an idea --
was driven by an idea --
194
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3200
zato što je cijelim tim putem
upravljala jedna ideja -
upravljala jedna ideja -
12:33
the idea that couples
can exercise conscious control
can exercise conscious control
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5016
ideja da parovi mogu svjesnom kontrolom
12:38
over how many children they have.
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utjecati na broj svoje djece.
12:41
This is a very powerful idea.
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3560
Moćna je to ideja
12:45
It means that parents have
the ability to affect the future,
the ability to affect the future,
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4240
koja znači da roditelji imaju
mogućnost utjecati na budućnost,
mogućnost utjecati na budućnost,
12:50
not just accept it as it is.
199
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3240
a ne je samo prihvatiti takvu kakva jest.
12:54
In France, the average family size
went down every decade
went down every decade
200
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U Francuskoj se prosječna veličina
obitelji smanjivala svakim desetljećem
obitelji smanjivala svakim desetljećem
12:59
for 150 years in a row
until it stabilized.
until it stabilized.
201
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3720
tijekom 150 godina
sve dok se nije stabilizirala.
sve dok se nije stabilizirala.
13:03
It took so long back then because
the contraceptives weren't that good.
the contraceptives weren't that good.
202
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4320
Tada je trebalo toliko vremena jer
kontracepcija nije bila tako kvalitetna.
kontracepcija nije bila tako kvalitetna.
13:08
In Germany, this transition started
in the 1880s, and it took just 50 years
in the 1880s, and it took just 50 years
203
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6216
U Njemačkoj je ta tranzicija započela
1880-ih i trebalo je samo 50 godina
1880-ih i trebalo je samo 50 godina
13:14
for family size
to stabilize in this country.
to stabilize in this country.
204
790720
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da se veličina obitelji stabilizira.
13:18
And in Asia and Latin America,
the transition started in the 1960s,
the transition started in the 1960s,
205
794120
4616
U Aziji i Latinskoj Americi
tranzicija je započela 1960-ih
tranzicija je započela 1960-ih
13:22
and it happened much faster
because of modern contraception.
because of modern contraception.
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i dogodila se puno brže
zbog modernih kontracepcijskih sredstava.
zbog modernih kontracepcijskih sredstava.
13:29
I think, as we go through this history,
it's important to pause for a moment
it's important to pause for a moment
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Promatrajući ovaj razvoj, važno je zastati
13:35
and to remember why this has become
such a contentious issue.
such a contentious issue.
208
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5056
i prisjetiti se zašto je to postalo
tako sporno pitanje.
tako sporno pitanje.
13:40
It's because some family planning programs
209
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2656
Zato što su neki programi
za planiranje obitelji
za planiranje obitelji
13:42
resorted to unfortunate incentives
and coercive policies.
and coercive policies.
210
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4840
pribjegavali nepovoljnim poticajima
i prisilnim strategijama.
i prisilnim strategijama.
13:48
For instance, in the 1960s, India
adopted very specific numeric targets
adopted very specific numeric targets
211
824480
6856
Npr. 1960-ih Indija je prihvatila
jako specifične ciljne brojke
jako specifične ciljne brojke
13:55
and they paid women to accept
having an IUD placed in their bodies.
having an IUD placed in their bodies.
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i plaćali su ženama da pristanu
ugraditi kontracepcijski uložak.
ugraditi kontracepcijski uložak.
14:00
Now, Indian women were
really smart in this situation.
really smart in this situation.
213
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3376
Indijke su u toj situaciji
postupile zaista pametno.
postupile zaista pametno.
14:03
When they went to get an IUD inserted,
they got paid six rupees.
they got paid six rupees.
214
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3496
Kad su išle na ugradnju uloška,
dobile su šest rupija.
dobile su šest rupija.
14:07
And so what did they do?
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I što su one učinile?
14:08
They waited a few hours or a few days,
216
844960
2016
Čekale su nekoliko sati ili nekoliko dana
14:11
and they went to another service provider
and had the IUD removed for one rupee.
and had the IUD removed for one rupee.
217
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i otišle drugom pružatelju usluga
kod kojega su za 1 rupi uklonile uložak.
kod kojega su za 1 rupi uklonile uložak.
14:18
For decades in the United States,
218
854200
2560
U SAD-u desetljećima su
14:21
African-American women
were sterilized without their consent.
were sterilized without their consent.
219
857280
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Afroamerikanke bivale
sterilizirane bez pristanka.
sterilizirane bez pristanka.
14:26
The procedure was so common
220
862880
2216
Taj je postupak bio toliko uobičajen
14:29
it became known as
the Mississippi appendectomy --
the Mississippi appendectomy --
221
865120
3520
da je postao poznat kao
misisipijska apendektomija -
misisipijska apendektomija -
14:33
a tragic chapter in my country's history.
222
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3000
tragično razdoblje
u povijesti moje zemlje.
u povijesti moje zemlje.
14:37
And as recently as the 1990s, in Peru,
223
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2776
A nedavno, 1990-ih, u Peruu
14:40
women from the Andes region
were given anesthesia
were given anesthesia
224
876200
3496
žene iz pokrajine Ande
dobivale su anesteziju
dobivale su anesteziju
14:43
and they were sterilized
without their knowledge.
without their knowledge.
225
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2920
i bivale sterilizirane bez znanja.
14:48
The most startling thing about this
226
884200
2616
Najviše iznenađuje
14:50
is that these coercive policies
weren't even needed.
weren't even needed.
227
886840
2736
to što takve prisilne strategije
uopće nisu bile potrebne.
uopće nisu bile potrebne.
14:53
They were carried out in places
228
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1816
Provodile su se u mjestima
14:55
where parents already
wanted to lower their family size.
wanted to lower their family size.
229
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4120
u kojima su roditelji i sami
htjeli smanjiti veličinu obitelji.
htjeli smanjiti veličinu obitelji.
15:00
Because in region after region,
again and again,
again and again,
230
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U regiji za regijom
15:03
parents have wanted
to have smaller families.
to have smaller families.
231
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2920
roditelji su htjeli imati manje obitelji.
15:07
There's no reason to believe
232
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Nema razloga vjerovati
15:09
that African women
have innately different desires.
have innately different desires.
233
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3600
da je Afrikankama urođena drugačija želja.
15:13
Given the option,
they will have fewer children.
they will have fewer children.
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Ako im se pruži pravo izbora,
odlučit će se na manji broj djece.
odlučit će se na manji broj djece.
15:18
The question is:
235
914080
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Pitanje glasi:
15:19
will we invest in helping
all women get what they want now?
all women get what they want now?
236
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5480
hoćemo li sada ulagati u pomoć
svim ženama u ostvarenju njihovih želja
svim ženama u ostvarenju njihovih želja
15:25
Or, are we going to condemn them
to some century-long struggle,
to some century-long struggle,
237
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4696
ili ćemo ih osuditi na
borbu dugu stoljećima,
borbu dugu stoljećima,
15:30
as if this was still revolutionary France
238
926600
2736
kao da još uvijek živimo
za vrijeme francuske revolucije
za vrijeme francuske revolucije
15:33
and the best method
was coitus interruptus?
was coitus interruptus?
239
929360
2800
kada je najbolja metoda bio
prekinuti snošaj?
prekinuti snošaj?
15:39
Empowering parents --
it doesn't need justification.
it doesn't need justification.
240
935320
4280
Za osnaživanje roditelja
nije potrebno opravdavanje,
nije potrebno opravdavanje,
15:44
But here's the thing -- our desire
to bring every good thing to our children
to bring every good thing to our children
241
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6856
no naša želja da djeci pružimo svako dobro
15:51
is a force for good throughout the world.
242
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2840
sila je za dobro diljem svijeta.
15:54
It's what propels societies forward.
243
950640
2480
To društvo tjera naprijed.
15:58
In that same slum in Nairobi,
I met a young businesswoman,
I met a young businesswoman,
244
954600
3936
U istom predgrađu u Nairobiju
upoznala sam mladu poslovnu ženu
upoznala sam mladu poslovnu ženu
16:02
and she was making backpacks
out of her home.
out of her home.
245
958560
2216
koja je od kuće izrađivala ruksake.
16:04
She and her young kids
would go to the local jeans factory
would go to the local jeans factory
246
960800
3336
Ona i njezina mala djeca
odlazila su u obližnju tvornicu traperica
odlazila su u obližnju tvornicu traperica
16:08
and collect scraps of denim.
247
964160
1736
i skupljala ostatke trapera.
16:09
She'd create these backpacks
and resell them.
and resell them.
248
965920
2536
Od njih je pravila ruksake i prodavala ih.
16:12
And when I talked with her,
she had three children,
she had three children,
249
968480
2381
Razgovarala sam s njom,
imala je troje djece,
imala je troje djece,
16:14
and I asked her about her family.
250
970885
1576
i kad sam je pitala za obitelj,
16:16
And she said she and her husband decided
251
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2091
rekla je da su ona i njezin muž odlučili
16:18
that they wanted to stop
having children after their third one.
having children after their third one.
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da nakon trećeg djeteta
neće imati više djece.
neće imati više djece.
16:21
And so when I asked her why,
she simply said,
she simply said,
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Kad sam je pitala zašto,
jednostavno je rekla:
jednostavno je rekla:
16:24
"Well, because I couldn't run
my business if I had another child."
my business if I had another child."
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"Pa ne bih mogla voditi posao
s još jednim djetetom."
s još jednim djetetom."
16:27
And she explained the income
that she was getting out of her business
that she was getting out of her business
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Objasnila mi je da prihodi
koje joj donosi njezin posao
koje joj donosi njezin posao
16:31
afforded her to be able to give
an education to all three of her children.
an education to all three of her children.
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987103
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osiguravaju obrazovanje
za sva tri djeteta.
za sva tri djeteta.
16:35
She was incredibly optimistic
about her family's future.
about her family's future.
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Bila je strašno optimistična
u vezi budućnosti svoje obitelji.
u vezi budućnosti svoje obitelji.
16:41
This is the same mental calculus
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To je ista mentalna računica
16:43
that hundreds of millions
of men and women have gone through.
of men and women have gone through.
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koju obavi stotine milijuna
muškaraca i žena,
muškaraca i žena,
16:47
And evidence proves
that they have it exactly right.
that they have it exactly right.
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a dokazi pokazuju da su u pravu.
16:52
They are able to give their children
more opportunities
more opportunities
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U mogućnosti su pružiti
svojoj djeci više mogućnosti
svojoj djeci više mogućnosti
16:56
by exercising control
over when they have them.
over when they have them.
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utječući na to kada će ih imati.
17:01
In Bangladesh,
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U Bangladešu
17:02
there's a district called Matlab.
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ima četvrt pod imenom Matlab.
17:04
It's where researchers have collected data
on over 180,000 inhabitants since 1963.
on over 180,000 inhabitants since 1963.
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1020560
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Tu su istraživači prikupili podatke
o 180 000 stanovnika od 1963. g.
o 180 000 stanovnika od 1963. g.
17:11
In the global health community,
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1027319
1537
U društvu za javno zdravstvo
17:12
we like to say it's one of the longest
pieces of research that's been running.
pieces of research that's been running.
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1028880
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to nazivamo jednim od najduže
provođenih istraživanja.
provođenih istraživanja.
17:16
We have so many great health statistics.
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Imamo puno sjajnih
zdravstvenih statistika.
zdravstvenih statistika.
17:18
In one of the studies, what did they do?
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U jednom od istraživanja
17:21
Half the villagers
were chosen to get contraceptives.
were chosen to get contraceptives.
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1037359
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pola seljaka izabrano je
za korištenje kontracepcije.
za korištenje kontracepcije.
17:25
They got education
and access to contraception.
and access to contraception.
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Obučili su ih o kontracepciji
i pružili im pristup kontracepciji.
i pružili im pristup kontracepciji.
17:28
Twenty years later,
following those villages,
following those villages,
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Dvadeset godina kasnije,
prateći te seljake,
prateći te seljake,
17:31
what we learned is that they had a better
quality of life than their neighbors.
quality of life than their neighbors.
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spoznali smo da su imali bolju
kvalitetu života od susjeda.
kvalitetu života od susjeda.
17:35
The families were healthier.
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1051920
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Obitelji su im bile zdravije.
17:37
The women were less likely
to die in childbirth.
to die in childbirth.
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1053640
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Žene su bile manje sklone
smrti pri porodu.
smrti pri porodu.
17:40
Their children were less likely
to die in the first thirty days of life.
to die in the first thirty days of life.
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Djeca su im bila manje sklona umrijeti
tijekom prvih trideset dana života.
tijekom prvih trideset dana života.
17:44
The children were better nourished.
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1060840
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Djeca su im imala bolju prehranu,
17:47
The families were also wealthier.
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1063160
2016
a i same obitelji bile su bogatije.
17:49
The adult women's wages were higher.
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2496
Plaće odraslih žena bile su više.
17:51
Households had more assets --
things like livestock or land or savings.
things like livestock or land or savings.
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1067720
4520
Domaćinstva su imala više imovine poput
stoke, zemlje ili ušteđevine,
stoke, zemlje ili ušteđevine,
17:56
Finally, their sons and daughters
had more schooling.
had more schooling.
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a sinovi i kćeri bili su obrazovaniji.
18:01
So when you multiply these types
of effects over millions of families,
of effects over millions of families,
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1077480
5520
Kad takve učinke pomnožite
s milijunima obitelji,
s milijunima obitelji,
18:07
the product can be large-scale
economic development.
economic development.
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1083440
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dobijete ekonomski razvoj
velikih dimenzija.
velikih dimenzija.
18:11
People talk about the Asian
economic miracle of the 1980s --
economic miracle of the 1980s --
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Govori se o azijskom
ekonomskom čudu iz 1980-ih,
ekonomskom čudu iz 1980-ih,
18:15
but it wasn't really a miracle.
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2056
ali to i nije bilo čudo.
18:17
One of the leading causes
of economic growth across that region
of economic growth across that region
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1093720
3536
Jedan od glavnih uzroka
ekonomskog rasta diljem te regije
ekonomskog rasta diljem te regije
18:21
was this cultural trend
towards smaller families.
towards smaller families.
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1097280
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bio je kulturalni trend
prema manjim obiteljima.
prema manjim obiteljima.
18:26
Sweeping changes start
at the individual family level --
at the individual family level --
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1102600
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Velike promjene počinju na razini obitelji
18:30
the family making a decision
about what's best for their children.
about what's best for their children.
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1106520
4440
koja donese odluku o tome
što je najbolje za njihovu djecu.
što je najbolje za njihovu djecu.
18:35
When they make that change
and that decision,
and that decision,
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1111760
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Kad to promijene i donesu odluku,
18:38
those become sweeping
regional and national trends.
regional and national trends.
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1114800
3720
to postaju veliki regionalni
i nacionalni trendovi.
i nacionalni trendovi.
18:43
When families in sub-Saharan Africa
are given the opportunity
are given the opportunity
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1119160
4136
Kad obitelji u subsaharskoj Africi
dobiju priliku
dobiju priliku
18:47
to make those decisions for themselves,
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2360
sami odlučivati o tome,
18:50
I think it will help spark
a virtuous cycle of development
a virtuous cycle of development
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1126280
3256
mislim da će to pokrenuti ciklus razvoja
18:53
in communities across the continent.
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1129560
2760
u zajednicama diljem kontinenta.
18:58
We can help poor families
build a better future.
build a better future.
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3856
Možemo pomoći siromašnim obiteljima
u stvaranju bolje budućnosti.
u stvaranju bolje budućnosti.
19:01
We can insist that all people
have the opportunity
have the opportunity
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1137880
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Možemo inzistirati na tome
da svi ljudi dobiju priliku
da svi ljudi dobiju priliku
19:05
to learn about contraceptives
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1141600
1936
učiti o kontracepcijskim sredstvima
19:07
and have access
to the full variety of methods.
to the full variety of methods.
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3280
i da dobiju pristup različitim metodama.
19:12
I think the goal here is really clear:
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Mislim da je cilj ovdje jasan:
19:14
universal access to birth control
that women want.
that women want.
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1150920
4880
univerzalni pristup kontracepcijskim
sredstvima koje žene žele,
sredstvima koje žene žele,
19:20
And for that to happen, it means that
both rich and poor governments alike
both rich and poor governments alike
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1156360
5296
a kako bi se to omogućilo,
i bogate i siromašne vlade
i bogate i siromašne vlade
19:25
must make contraception a total priority.
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1161680
3520
moraju kontracepciju
učiniti apsolutnim prioritetom.
učiniti apsolutnim prioritetom.
19:29
We can do our part,
in this room and globally,
in this room and globally,
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1165760
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Mi možemo sudjelovati,
u ovoj sobi i globalno,
u ovoj sobi i globalno,
19:33
by talking about the hundreds
of millions of families
of millions of families
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1169760
3256
govoreći o stotinama milijuna obitelji
19:37
that don't have access
to contraception today
to contraception today
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1173040
2896
koje danas nemaju pristup
kontracepcijskim sredstvima
kontracepcijskim sredstvima
19:39
and what it would do to change
their lives if they did have access.
their lives if they did have access.
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1175960
3720
i o tome kako bi se njihovi životi
promijenili kada to više ne bi bilo tako.
promijenili kada to više ne bi bilo tako.
19:44
I think if Marianne
and the members of her women's group
and the members of her women's group
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1180680
3736
Ako Marianne i ostale članice
njezine ženske grupe
njezine ženske grupe
19:48
can talk about this openly
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1184440
2296
mogu otvoreno razgovarati o ovome
19:50
and have this discussion
out amongst themselves and in public,
out amongst themselves and in public,
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3400
i ovu raspravu održavati
među sobom i u javnosti,
među sobom i u javnosti,
19:54
we can, too.
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1190800
1360
možemo i mi.
19:56
And we need to start now.
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1480
Moramo početi odmah
19:59
Because like Marianne, we all want
to bring every good thing to our children.
to bring every good thing to our children.
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1195480
6560
jer svi mi, poput Maranne, želimo
našoj djeci donijeti svako dobro.
našoj djeci donijeti svako dobro.
20:06
And where is the controversy in that?
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1202800
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Što je u tome kontroverzno?
20:10
Thank you.
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Hvala vam.
20:11
(Applause)
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2736
(Pljesak)
20:14
Chris Anderson: Thank you.
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1210160
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Chris Anderson: Hvala ti.
20:22
I have some questions for Melinda.
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1218360
3976
Imam nekoliko pitanja za Melindu.
20:26
(Applause ends)
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(Pljesak prestaje)
20:27
Thank you for your courage
and everything else.
and everything else.
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1223680
2960
Hvala ti na hrabrosti i na svemu ostalom.
20:31
So, Melinda, in the last few years
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Melinda, zadnjih nekoliko godina
20:34
I've heard a lot of smart people
say something to the effect of,
say something to the effect of,
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1230000
3720
čuo sam prilično pametne ljude
kako govore nešto poput ovoga:
kako govore nešto poput ovoga:
20:39
"We don't need to worry
about the population issue anymore.
about the population issue anymore.
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1235400
3456
"Više se ne moramo brinuti
oko problema populacije.
oko problema populacije.
20:42
Family sizes are coming down
naturally all over the world.
naturally all over the world.
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1238880
3496
Veličine obitelji prirodno se smanjuju
diljem svijeta.
diljem svijeta.
20:46
We're going to peak
at nine or 10 billion. And that's it."
at nine or 10 billion. And that's it."
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1242400
2960
Imat ćemo najviše 9 ili 10 milijardi ljudi
i to je to."
i to je to."
20:50
Are they wrong?
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1246720
1216
Jesu li u krivu?
20:51
Melinda Gates: If you look
at the statistics across Africa,
at the statistics across Africa,
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1247960
2776
Melinda Gates: Ako promotrimo
statistike diljem Afrike,
statistike diljem Afrike,
20:54
they are wrong.
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1250760
1216
u krivu su.
20:56
And I think we need to look at it,
though, from a different lens.
though, from a different lens.
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1252000
3056
Mislim da taj problem trebamo
malo drugačije sagledati.
malo drugačije sagledati.
20:59
We need to look at it
from the ground upwards.
from the ground upwards.
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1255080
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Moramo ga promatrati
odozdo prema gore.
odozdo prema gore.
21:01
I think that's one of the reasons
we got ourselves in so much trouble
we got ourselves in so much trouble
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1257280
3256
Mislim da je to jedan od razloga
zašto smo u tolikim problemima
zašto smo u tolikim problemima
21:04
on this issue of contraception.
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1260560
1696
kad se radi o kontracepciji.
21:06
We looked at it from top down
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1381
Promatrali smo ga odozgo
21:07
and said we want to have different
population numbers over time.
population numbers over time.
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1263685
3531
i izjavili da se uskoro nadamo
manjoj populaciji.
manjoj populaciji.
21:11
Yes, we care about the planet.
Yes, we need to make the right choices.
Yes, we need to make the right choices.
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1267240
3296
Da, stalo nam je do planeta.
Da, moramo donositi prave odluke,
Da, moramo donositi prave odluke,
21:14
But the choices have to be made
at the family level.
at the family level.
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1270560
2576
ali one se moraju donositi
na razini obitelji.
na razini obitelji.
21:17
And it's only by giving people access
and letting them choose what to do
and letting them choose what to do
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1273160
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Samo ako ljudima damo pristup
i pustimo ih da biraju što će činiti,
i pustimo ih da biraju što će činiti,
21:21
that you get those sweeping changes
that we have seen globally --
that we have seen globally --
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1277520
3056
vidjet ćemo te velike promjene
kakve viđamo na globalnoj razini -
kakve viđamo na globalnoj razini -
21:24
except for sub-Saharan Africa and those
places in South Asia and Afghanistan.
places in South Asia and Afghanistan.
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1280600
4680
osim u subsaharskoj Africi
i južnoj Aziji i u Afganistanu.
i južnoj Aziji i u Afganistanu.
21:31
CA: Some people on the right in America
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1287920
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CA: Neki članovi desnice u Americi
21:34
and in many conservative cultures
around the world
around the world
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1290040
3400
i u mnogim konzervativnim kulturama
diljem svijeta
diljem svijeta
21:39
might say something like this:
342
1295360
1816
mogli bi izjaviti ovako nešto:
21:41
"It's all very well to talk about saving
lives and empowering women and so on.
lives and empowering women and so on.
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1297200
3667
"Divno je i krasno govoriti o spašavanju
života i osnaživanju žena itd.,
života i osnaživanju žena itd.,
21:44
But, sex is sacred.
344
1300891
1960
ali seks je svetinja.
21:48
What you're proposing
is going to increase the likelihood
is going to increase the likelihood
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1304000
4016
Ono što vi predlažete
povećat će vjerojatnost
povećat će vjerojatnost
21:52
that lots of sex happens outside marriage.
346
1308040
2216
da se puno seksa zbiva izvan braka,
21:54
And that is wrong."
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1310280
1440
što je loše."
21:56
What would you say to them?
348
1312600
2056
Što biste njima rekli?
21:58
MG: I would say
that sex is absolutely sacred.
that sex is absolutely sacred.
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1314680
3256
MG: Rekla bih da je seks prava svetinja,
22:01
And it's sacred in Germany,
and it's sacred in the United States,
and it's sacred in the United States,
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1317960
3096
svetinja je i u Njemačkoj, i u SAD-u,
22:05
and it's sacred in France
and so many places around the world.
and so many places around the world.
351
1321080
3096
i u Francuskoj i u mnogim drugim
državama diljem svijeta.
državama diljem svijeta.
22:08
And the fact that 98 percent of women
in my country who are sexually experienced
in my country who are sexually experienced
352
1324200
4896
Činjenica je da 98 % seksualno
iskusnih žena u mojoj zemlji
iskusnih žena u mojoj zemlji
22:13
say they use birth control
doesn't make sex any less sacred.
doesn't make sex any less sacred.
353
1329120
4176
tvrdi da njihova upotreba kontracepcije
ne čini seks ništa manjom svetinjom.
ne čini seks ništa manjom svetinjom.
22:17
It just means that they're getting
to make choices about their lives.
to make choices about their lives.
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1333320
3256
To samo znači da dobivaju priliku
donositi odluke o svojim životima,
donositi odluke o svojim životima,
22:20
And I think in that choice,
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1336600
1296
a mislim da takvim izborom
22:21
we're also honoring
the sacredness of the family
the sacredness of the family
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1337920
2896
izražavamo poštovanje
prema svetosti obitelji,
prema svetosti obitelji,
22:24
and the sacredness of the mother's life
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1340840
2256
prema svetosti majčina života
22:27
and the childrens' lives
by saving their lives.
by saving their lives.
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1343120
2256
i života njezine djece
spašavajući te živote.
spašavajući te živote.
22:29
To me, that's incredibly sacred, too.
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1345400
2280
Meni je i to ogromna svetinja.
22:32
CA: So what is your foundation
doing to promote this issue?
doing to promote this issue?
360
1348760
4736
CA: Što vaša zaklada čini
kako bi promicala to pitanje?
kako bi promicala to pitanje?
22:37
And what could people here
and people listening on the web --
and people listening on the web --
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1353520
4016
I što biste htjeli da naša publika ovdje
i publika koja sluša preko interneta
i publika koja sluša preko interneta
22:41
what would you like them to do?
362
1357560
1536
učini?
22:43
MG: I would say this --
join the conversation.
join the conversation.
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1359120
2143
MG: Rekla bih ovo -
pridružite se razgovoru.
pridružite se razgovoru.
22:45
We've listed the website up here.
Join the conversation.
Join the conversation.
364
1361287
4169
Ovdje smo naveli internetsku stranicu.
Pridružite se razgovoru.
Pridružite se razgovoru.
22:49
Tell your story about how contraception
has either changed your life
has either changed your life
365
1365480
3816
Ispričajte svoju priču o tome kako je
kontracepcija promijenila ili vaš život
kontracepcija promijenila ili vaš život
22:53
or somebody's life that you know.
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1369320
2016
ili život nekog vašeg poznanika.
22:55
And say that you're for this.
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1371360
1381
I recite da ste ZA ovo.
22:56
We need a groundswell
of people saying, "This makes sense.
of people saying, "This makes sense.
368
1372765
2715
Treba nam široka potpora
ljudi koji govore: "Ima smisla.
ljudi koji govore: "Ima smisla.
22:59
We've got to give all women access --
no matter where they live."
no matter where they live."
369
1375504
3392
Sve žene trebaju imati pristup
kontracepciji, bez obzira gdje žive."
kontracepciji, bez obzira gdje žive."
23:02
And one of the things
that we're going to do
that we're going to do
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1378920
2096
Jedna od stvari koje ćemo učiniti
23:05
is do a large event July 11 in London,
371
1381040
3176
jest organizirati veliko događanje
11. srpnja u Londonu
11. srpnja u Londonu
23:08
with a whole host of countries,
a whole host of African nations,
a whole host of African nations,
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1384240
3376
u kojem će sudjelovati cijeli niz država,
cijeli niz afričkih država
cijeli niz afričkih država
23:11
to all say we're putting this back
on the global health agenda.
on the global health agenda.
373
1387640
3136
i svi će reći da ovo vraćamo
na dnevni red javnog zdravstva.
na dnevni red javnog zdravstva.
23:14
We're going to commit resources to it,
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1390800
1856
Uložit ćemo sredstva u to,
23:16
and we're going to do planning
from the bottom up with governments
from the bottom up with governments
375
1392680
3136
planirat ćemo odozdo prema gore s vladama
23:19
to make sure that women are educated --
376
1395840
2096
kako bismo osigurali
edukaciju svim ženama
edukaciju svim ženama
23:21
so that if they
want the tool, they have it,
want the tool, they have it,
377
1397960
2456
da ukoliko žele, mogu
koristiti ta sredstva
koristiti ta sredstva
23:24
and that they have
lots of options available
lots of options available
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i da imaju na raspolaganju puno opcija
23:26
either through
their local healthcare worker
their local healthcare worker
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ili preko lokalnog zdravstvenog radnika
23:28
or their local community rural clinic.
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ili preko lokalne seoske klinike.
23:31
CA: Melinda, I'm guessing that some
of those nuns who taught you at school
of those nuns who taught you at school
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CA: Melinda, pretpostavljam da će neke
od časnih sestara koje su te učile
od časnih sestara koje su te učile
23:36
are going to see
this TED Talk at some point.
this TED Talk at some point.
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jednom vidjeti ovaj TED-govor.
23:39
Are they going to be horrified,
or are they cheering you on?
or are they cheering you on?
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Hoće li biti užasnute ili te bodre?
23:42
MG: I know they're going
to see the TED Talk
to see the TED Talk
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MG: Znam da će vidjeti ovaj govor
23:45
because they know that I'm doing it
and I plan to send it to them.
and I plan to send it to them.
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jer znaju da ga držim
i planiram im ga poslati.
i planiram im ga poslati.
23:48
And, you know, the nuns who taught me
were incredibly progressive.
were incredibly progressive.
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A te časne koje su me poučavale
iznimno su progresivne.
iznimno su progresivne.
23:51
I hope that they'll be very proud of me
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Nadam se da će se ponositi
23:53
for living out what they taught us
about social justice and service.
about social justice and service.
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jer živim ono što su nas one učile
o društvenoj pravdi i službi.
o društvenoj pravdi i službi.
23:57
I have come to feel
incredibly passionate about this issue
incredibly passionate about this issue
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Postala sam jako strastvena
oko ovog problema
oko ovog problema
24:01
because of what I've seen
in the developing world.
in the developing world.
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zbog onoga što sam vidjela
u svijetu u razvoju.
u svijetu u razvoju.
24:03
And for me, this topic
has become very close to heart
has become very close to heart
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Meni je ova tema jako važna
24:08
because you meet these women
and they are so often voiceless.
and they are so often voiceless.
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jer upoznajem te žene koje često
nemaju pravo glasa,
nemaju pravo glasa,
24:11
And yet they shouldn't be --
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a ne bi trebalo biti tako -
24:13
they should have a voice,
they should have access.
they should have access.
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trebale bi imati pravo glasa i pristup.
24:15
And so I hope they'll feel
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Nadam se da će vidjeti
24:17
that I'm living out
what I've learned from them
what I've learned from them
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da živim ono što sam naučila od njih
24:19
and from the decades of work
that I've already done at the foundation.
that I've already done at the foundation.
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i ono što sam naučila
iz desetljeća rada u zakladi.
iz desetljeća rada u zakladi.
24:24
CA: So, you and your team brought together
today an amazing group of speakers
today an amazing group of speakers
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CA: Ti i tvoj tim danas ste doveli
sjajnu skupinu govornika
sjajnu skupinu govornika
24:28
to whom we're all grateful.
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kojima smo iznimno zahvalni.
24:31
Did you learn anything?
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Jesi li štogod naučila?
24:33
(Laughter)
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(Smijeh)
24:34
MG: Oh my gosh, I learned so many things.
I have so many follow-up questions.
I have so many follow-up questions.
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MG: Bože, naučila sam toliko toga,
imam toliko dodatnih pitanja
imam toliko dodatnih pitanja
24:38
And I think a lot
of this work is a journey.
of this work is a journey.
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i mislim da je većina
tog posla putovanje.
tog posla putovanje.
24:40
You heard the discussion
about the journey through energy,
about the journey through energy,
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Čuli ste raspravu o putovanju energijom
24:44
or the journey through social design,
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ili o putovanju društvenim dizajnom
24:47
or the journey in the coming and saying,
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ili o putovanju u kojem dođete i kažete:
24:49
"Why aren't there any women
on this platform?"
on this platform?"
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"Zašto na ovoj pozornici nema žena?"
24:51
And I think for all of us who work
on these development issues,
on these development issues,
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Smatram da svi mi koji radimo
na takvim razvojnim pitanjima
na takvim razvojnim pitanjima
24:54
you learn by talking to other people.
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učimo kroz razgovor s drugima.
24:56
You learn by doing.
You learn by trying and making mistakes.
You learn by trying and making mistakes.
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Učimo djelima.
Učimo kroz pokušaje i pogreške.
Učimo kroz pokušaje i pogreške.
24:59
And it's the questions you ask.
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Važna su pitanja
koja postavite.
koja postavite.
25:00
Sometimes it's the questions you ask
that helps lead to the answer
that helps lead to the answer
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Nekad su to pitanja koja vode do odgovora
25:04
the next person
that can help you answer it.
that can help you answer it.
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na koji sljedeća osoba
pomaže odgovoriti.
pomaže odgovoriti.
25:06
So I have lots of questions
for the panelists from today.
for the panelists from today.
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Imam puno pitanja za današnje sudionike.
25:09
And I thought it was just an amazing day.
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Bio mi je ovo nevjerojatan dan.
25:11
CA: Melinda, thank you for inviting
all of us on this journey with you.
all of us on this journey with you.
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CA: Melinda, hvala ti što si nas
sve pozvala na ovo putovanje sa sobom.
sve pozvala na ovo putovanje sa sobom.
25:14
Thank you so much.
MG: Great. Thanks, Chris.
MG: Great. Thanks, Chris.
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Puno ti hvala.
MG: Odlično. Hvala, Chris.
MG: Odlično. Hvala, Chris.
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Melinda Gates - PhilanthropistMelinda French Gates is co-chair of the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, where she puts into practice the idea that every life has equal value.
Why you should listen
The Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation works to help all people lead healthy, productive lives. As co-chair, Melinda French Gates helps shape and approve strategies, review results, advocate for foundation issues and set the overall direction. In developing countries, the foundation focuses on improving people's health with vaccines and other life-saving tools and giving them a chance to lift themselves out of hunger and extreme poverty. In the United States, it seeks to dramatically improve education so that all young people have the opportunity to reach their full potential. Based in Seattle, Washington, the foundation is led by CEO Jeff Raikes and co-chair William H. Gates Sr., under the direction of Bill Gates, Melinda Gates and Warren Buffett.
In recent years, Melinda French Gates has become a vocal advocate for access to contraception, advancing the idea that empowering women to decide whether and when to have children can have transformational effects on societies. In 2012, Gates spearheaded the London Summit on Family Planning, with the goal of delivering contraceptives to 120 million women in developing countries by 2020. When asked why she got involved in this issue, Gates said, "We knew that 210 million women were saying they wanted access to the contraceptives we have here in the United States and we weren't providing them because of political controversy in our country. To me, that was just a crime. I kept looking around trying to find the person to get this back on the global stage. I realized I just had to do it."
Melinda Gates | Speaker | TED.com