TEDxImperialCollege
John Graham-Cumming: The greatest machine that never was
John Graham-Cumming: Najveći stroj koji nikada nije postojao
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Računalna znanost je započela u 30-ima... 1830-ima. John Graham-Cumming priča priču o mehaničkom parnom "analitičkom" stroju Charlesa Babbagea i kako je Ada Lovelace, matematičarka i kćer lorda Byrona vidjela iznad njegovih jednostavnih računalnih mogućnosti kako bi zamislili budućnost računala. (Snimljeno na TEDxImperialCollege)
John Graham-Cumming - Computer programmer
Computer programmer John Graham-Cumming keeps geek history alive by raising awareness for it's heroes and their inventions. Full bio
Computer programmer John Graham-Cumming keeps geek history alive by raising awareness for it's heroes and their inventions. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:16
So the machine I'm going to talk you about
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Dakle, uređaj o kojem ću danas govoriti
00:17
is what I call the greatest machine that never was.
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zovem najvećim uređajem koji nije bio.
00:19
It was a machine that was never built,
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Bio je to uređaj koji nije nikada izgrađen,
00:21
and yet, it will be built.
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ali će ipak biti izgrađen.
00:23
It was a machine that was designed
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Bio je to uređaj koji je dizajniran
00:25
long before anyone thought about computers.
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davno prije nego što je itko razmišljao o računalima.
00:27
If you know anything about the history of computers,
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Ako znate bilo što o povijesti računala,
00:29
you will know that in the '30s and the '40s,
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znati ćete da su u tridesetim i četrdesetim
00:32
simple computers were created
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stvorena jednostavna računala
00:35
that started the computer revolution we have today,
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koja su započela računalnu revoluciju koju imamo danas
00:37
and you would be correct,
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i biti ćete u pravu
00:39
except for you'd have the wrong century.
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osim što imate pogrešno stoljeće.
00:41
The first computer was really designed
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Prvo računalo je zapravo dizajnirano
00:43
in the 1830s and 1840s, not the 1930s and 1940s.
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u 1830-ima i 1840-ima, a ne u 1930-ima i 1940-ima.
00:46
It was designed, and parts of it were prototyped,
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Bilo je dizajnirano, a njegovi dijelovi prototipirani,
00:49
and the bits of it that were built are here
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a komadići su napravljeni ovdje
00:51
in South Kensington.
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u South Kensingtonu.
00:53
That machine was built by this guy, Charles Babbage.
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Taj uređaj je napravio ovaj čovjek, Charles Babbage.
00:56
Now, I have a great affinity for Charles Babbage
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Imam snažan afinitet prema Charlesu Babbageu
00:58
because his hair is always completely unkempt like this
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zbog toga što je njegova kosa uvijek potpuno nepočešljana, ovako
01:01
in every single picture. (Laughter)
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na svakoj pojedinoj fotografiji. (Smijeh)
01:03
He was a very wealthy man, and a sort of,
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Bio je jako bogat čovjek, i na neki način
01:05
part of the aristocracy of Britain,
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dio britanske aristokracije.
01:07
and on a Saturday night in Marylebone,
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Subotom navečer u Maryleboneu
01:09
were you part of the intelligentsia of that period,
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bili ste dio inteligencije tog doba
01:12
you would have been invited round to his house
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i bili biste pozvani u njegovu kuću
01:13
for a soiree — and he invited everybody:
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na soare --- i on je pozvao svakoga:
01:16
kings, the Duke of Wellington, many, many famous people —
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kraljeve, Vojvodu od Wellingtona, mnoge, mnoge poznate ljude ---
01:19
and he would have shown you one of his mechanical machines.
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i pokazao bi Vam jedan od svojih mehaničkih uređaja.
01:22
I really miss that era, you know, where you could
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Stvarno mi nedostaje to doba, gdje ste mogli
01:25
go around for a soiree and see a mechanical computer
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ići na soare i vidjeti demonstraciju mehaničkog računala.
01:27
get demonstrated to you. (Laughter)
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(Smijeh)
01:28
But Babbage, Babbage himself was born
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Ali Babbage, sam Babbage je rođen
01:32
at the end of the 18th century,
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na kraju 18. stoljeća,
01:33
and was a fairly famous mathematician.
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i bio je relativno poznati matematičar.
01:35
He held the post that Newton held at Cambridge,
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Držao je Newtonovu poziciju na Cambridgeu,
01:39
and that was recently held by Stephen Hawking.
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i koju je donedavno držao Stephen Hawking.
01:41
He's less well known than either of them because
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Manje je poznat od njih oboje zbog toga što je
01:44
he got this idea to make mechanical computing devices
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dobio ideju da napravi mehaničke računalne uređaje,
01:47
and never made any of them.
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a nikada nije napravio niti jedan.
01:49
The reason he never made any of them, he's a classic nerd.
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Razlog zašto nikada nije napravio niti jedan, jer je klasični šmokljan.
01:53
Every time he had a good idea, he'd think,
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Svaki put kad je imao dobru ideju je mislio
01:55
"That's brilliant, I'm going to start building that one.
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"To je sjajno, početi ću izrađivati baš to".
01:56
I'll spend a fortune on it. I've got a better idea.
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Potrošiti ću bogatstvo na njega. Imam bolju ideju.
01:59
I'm going to work on this one. (Laughter) And I'm going to do this one."
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Početi ću raditi na ovome. (Smijeh) I raditi ću na ovom.
02:01
He did this until Sir Robert Peel, then Prime Minister,
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To je radio dok ga Sir Robert Peel, tadašnji premijer
02:04
basically kicked him out of Number 10 Downing Street,
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zapravo nije izbacio s broja 10 u Downing Steetu,
02:06
and kicking him out, in those days, that meant saying,
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što je tada značilo,
02:09
"I bid you good day, sir." (Laughter)
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"Želim Vam ugodan dan Gospodine". (Smijeh)
02:12
The thing he designed was this monstrosity here,
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Stvar koju je dizajnirao je ovo čudovište ovdje,
02:14
the analytical engine. Now, just to give you an idea of this,
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analitički uređaj. Kako bih vam to predočio,
02:17
this is a view from above.
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ovo je pogled odozgo.
02:19
Every one of these circles is a cog, a stack of cogs,
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Svaki ovaj krug je zupčanik, gomila zupčanika,
02:22
and this thing is as big as a steam locomotive.
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i ova je stvar velika poput parne lokomotive.
02:26
So as I go through this talk, I want you to imagine
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Dakle kako idem kroz ovaj govor želim da zamislite
02:28
this gigantic machine. We heard those wonderful sounds
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taj ogromni stroj. Čuli smo prekrasne zvukove
02:30
of what this thing would have sounded like.
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kako bi ta stvar zvučala.
02:32
And I'm going to take you through the architecture of the machine
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I provesti ću vas kroz arhitekturu tog stroja
02:34
— that's why it's computer architecture —
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--- zbog toga je računalna arhitektura ---
02:35
and tell you about this machine, which is a computer.
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i ispričati vam o tom stroju, koji je računalo.
02:39
So let's talk about the memory. The memory
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Pričajmo o memoriji. Memorija
02:42
is very like the memory of a computer today,
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je slična memoriji današnjih računala
02:44
except it was all made out of metal,
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osim što je cijela napravljena od metala,
02:47
stacks and stacks of cogs, 30 cogs high.
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gomile i gomile zupčanika. Visine 30 zupčanika.
02:51
Imagine a thing this high of cogs,
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Zamislite tu visinu zupčanika,
02:53
hundreds and hundreds of them,
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stotine i stotine njih
02:54
and they've got numbers on them.
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s brojevima na njima.
02:56
It's a decimal machine. Everything's done in decimal.
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To je decimalan uređaj. Sve se radi decimalno.
02:59
And he thought about using binary. The problem
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Mislio je da koristi binarno. Problem
03:00
with using binary is that the machine would have been so
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korištenja binarnog je da bi stroj bio tako
03:02
tall, it would have been ridiculous. As it is, it's enormous.
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visok da bi bilo smiješno. Kao što je, ogroman je.
03:05
So he's got memory.
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Dakle, ima memoriju.
03:07
The memory is this bit over here.
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Memorija je ovaj dio ovdje.
03:10
You see it all like this.
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Vidite ju poput ovog.
03:12
This monstrosity over here is the CPU, the chip, if you like.
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Ovo čudovište ovdje je procesor (CPU), čip, ako vam se više sviđa.
03:17
Of course, it's this big.
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Naravno ovako je velik.
03:19
Completely mechanical. This whole machine is mechanical.
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Potpuno mehanički. Ovaj cijeli stroj je mehanički.
03:22
This is a picture of a prototype for part of the CPU
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Ovo je slika prototipa jednog dijela procesora
03:26
which is in the Science Museum.
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koji je u Znanstvenom muzeju.
03:28
The CPU could do the four fundamental functions of arithmetic --
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Procesor može raditi četiri osnovne aritmetičke funkcije --
03:32
so addition, multiplication, subtraction, division --
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zbrajanje, množenje, oduzimanje, dijeljenje --
03:34
which already is a bit of a feat in metal,
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što je već mali podvig u metalu,
03:37
but it could also do something that a computer does
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ali također može napraviti nešto što računalo
03:40
and a calculator doesn't:
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i kalkulator ne mogu:
03:42
this machine could look at its own internal memory and make a decision.
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može tražiti svoju internu memoriju i donositi odluke.
03:45
It could do the "if then" for basic programmers,
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Može raditi "ako tada" za osnovne programere
03:48
and that fundamentally made it into a computer.
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i to je na kraju u osnovi završilo u računalu.
03:50
It could compute. It couldn't just calculate. It could do more.
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Moglo je računati. Nije samo izračunavalo. Moglo je učiniti više.
03:55
Now, if we look at this, and we stop for a minute,
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Sada, ako pogledate, i stanemo na minutu
03:58
and we think about chips today, we can't
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razmislimo o današnjim čipovima,
04:00
look inside a silicon chip. It's just so tiny.
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ne možemo pogledati unutar silicijskog čipa. Tako je sićušan.
04:03
Yet if you did, you would see something
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A ipak kada biste pogledali, vidjeli bi nešto
04:05
very, very similar to this.
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vrlo, vrlo slično ovome.
04:07
There's this incredible complexity in the CPU,
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Nevjerojatnu složenost procesora
04:10
and this incredible regularity in the memory.
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i nevjerojatnu pravilnost u memoriji.
04:13
If you've ever seen an electron microscope picture,
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Ako ste ikad vidjeli fofografiju elektronskog mikroskopa
04:14
you'll see this. This all looks the same,
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vidjeli ste ovo. To sve izgleda isto
04:16
then there's this bit over here which is incredibly complicated.
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a opet ovdje je dio koji je nevjerojatno kompliciran.
04:19
All this cog wheel mechanism here is doing is what a computer does,
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Sav taj zupčanik-kotač mehanizam radi ono što radi računalo,
04:23
but of course you need to program this thing, and of course,
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ali naravno trebate programirati tu stvar, i naravno
04:25
Babbage used the technology of the day
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Babbage je koristio tehnologiju tog doba
04:28
and the technology that would reappear in the '50s, '60s and '70s,
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i tehnologiju koja će se pojaviti 50-ih, 60-ih i 70-ih,
04:32
which is punch cards. This thing over here
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bušene kartice. Ovo ovdje je
04:35
is one of three punch card readers in here,
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jedan od tri čitača bušenih kartica.
04:37
and this is a program in the Science Museum, just
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Ovo je program u Znanstvenom muzeju,
04:41
not far from here, created by Charles Babbage,
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nedaleko odavde, kojeg je napravio Charles Babbage,
04:45
that is sitting there — you can go see it —
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koji sjedi ondje --- možete ga ići pogledati ---
04:47
waiting for the machine to be built.
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čekajući izgradnju stroja.
04:50
And there's not just one of these, there's many of them.
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Nije samo jedan takav, mnogo ih je.
04:53
He prepared programs anticipating this would happen.
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On je pripremao programe očekujući da će se ovo dogoditi.
04:56
Now, the reason they used punch cards was that Jacquard,
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Razlog zbog kojeg su koristili bušene kartice je Jacquard
04:58
in France, had created the Jacquard loom,
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u Francuskoj, koji je kreirao Jacquardov tkalački stan,
05:00
which was weaving these incredible patterns controlled by punch cards,
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i koji je tkao te nevjerojatne uzorke koje su kontrolirale bušene kartice.
05:03
so he was just repurposing the technology of the day,
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Dakle, on je samo promijenio svrhu tehnologije tog doba
05:06
and like everything else he did, he's using the technology
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i kao sve drugo što je radio, koristio je tehnologiju
05:08
of his era, so 1830s, 1840s, 1850s, cogs, steam,
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svog doba, dakle 1830-ih, 1840-ih, 1850-ih, zupčanike, paru,
05:13
mechanical devices. Ironically, born the same year
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mehaničke uređaje. Ironično, rođen iste godine
05:16
as Charles Babbage was Michael Faraday,
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kao i Charles Babbage je Michael Faraday,
05:19
who would completely revolutionize everything
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koji će potpuno revolucionizirati sve
05:21
with the dynamo, transformers, all these sorts of things.
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s dinamom, transformatorom i sve takve stvari.
05:24
Babbage, of course, wanted to use proven technology,
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Babbage je naravno htio koristiti provjerenu tehnologiju
05:27
so steam and things.
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dakle, paru i takve stvari.
05:29
Now, he needed accessories.
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Tada je trebao dodatke.
05:30
Obviously, you've got a computer now.
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Očito sada imate računalo.
05:32
You've got punch cards, a CPU and memory.
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Imate bušene kartice, procesor i memoriju.
05:34
You need accessories you're going to come with.
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Trebate dodatke koji idu s njima.
05:36
You're not just going to have that,
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Neće samo to imati.
05:38
So, first of all, you had sound. You had a bell,
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Dakle, prije svega imate zvuk. Imate zvono,
05:41
so if anything went wrong — (Laughter) —
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pa ako nešto krene krivo --- (Smijeh) ---
05:43
or the machine needed the attendant to come to it,
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ili stroj treba pomoćnika da dođe do njega,
05:45
there was a bell it could ring. (Laughter)
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postojalo je zvono koje može zvoniti. (Smijeh)
05:47
And there's actually an instruction on the punch card
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I zaista postoje upute na bušenoj kartici
05:49
which says "Ring the bell." So you can imagine this "Ting!"
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koje kažu "Pozvoni zvono." Dakle možete zamisliti taj "Ting!"
05:52
You know, just stop for a moment, imagine all those noises,
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Znate, stanite na trenutak i zamislite sve te zvukove
05:54
this thing, "Click, clack click click click,"
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tu stvar, "Click, clack click click click,"
05:55
steam engine, "Ding," right? (Laughter)
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parni uređaj, "Ding"? (Smijeh)
05:58
You also need a printer, obviously, and everyone needs a printer.
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Također ste trebali pisač, naravno svatko treba pisač.
06:00
This is actually a picture of the printing mechanism for
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Ovo je fotografija mehanizma pisača za
06:03
another machine of his, called the Difference Engine No. 2,
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njegov drugi stroj, nazvan Difference Engine br. 2,
06:06
which he never built, but which the Science Museum
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koji nikada nije napravio, ali koji je Znanstveni muzej
06:08
did build in the '80s and '90s.
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napravio u 80-ima i 90-ima.
06:10
It's completely mechanical, again, a printer.
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U potpunosti je mehanički, ponovno pisač.
06:12
It prints just numbers, because he was obsessed with numbers,
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Ispisuje samo brojeve, zbog toga što je bio opsjednut brojevima,
06:15
but it does print onto paper, and it even does word wrapping,
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ali ispisuje na papir, te također radi prijelom riječi.
06:18
so if you get to the end of the line, it goes around like that.
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Ako dođete do kraja reda, ide ovako.
06:21
You also need graphics, right?
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Također trebate grafiku, zar ne?
06:23
I mean, if you're going to do anything with graphics,
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Mislim, ako ćete raditi bilo što s grafikom
06:24
so he said, "Well, I need a plotter. I've got a big piece of paper
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tako je rekao "Trebam nacrt. Imam veliki komad papira
06:27
and an ink pen and I'll make it plot."
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i tintnu olovku i napraviti ću nacrt."
06:29
So he designed a plotter as well,
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Dizajnirao je također nacrt,
06:31
and, you know, at that point, I think he got pretty much
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i znate, od tog trenutka mislim da je imao prilično,
06:35
a pretty good machine.
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prilično dobar stroj.
06:36
Along comes this woman, Ada Lovelace.
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Pored toga dolazi ova žena, Ada Lovelace.
06:39
Now, imagine these soirees, all these great and good comes along.
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Sada zamislite te soaree, sve to dobro dolazi usput.
06:42
This lady is the daughter of the mad, bad
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Ova dama je kći ludog, pokvarenog
06:45
and dangerous-to-know Lord Byron,
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i opasnog lorda Byrona.
06:47
and her mother, being a bit worried that she might have
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Njezina majka je bila pomalo zabrinuta da nije slučajno
06:50
inherited some of Lord Byron's madness and badness,
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naslijedila ponešto ludila i zloće lorda Byrona,
06:53
thought, "I know the solution: Mathematics is the solution.
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je mislila "Znam riješenje: matematika je riješenje.
06:56
We'll teach her mathematics. That'll calm her down."
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Učiti ćemo ju matematici. To će je smiriti."
06:59
(Laughter) Because of course,
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(Smijeh) Naravno
07:03
there's never been a mathematician that's gone crazy,
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nikada nije postojao matematičar koji je poludio
07:06
so, you know, that'll be fine. (Laughter)
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pa znate, to će biti u redu. (Smijeh)
07:09
Everything'll be fine. So she's got this mathematical training,
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Sve će biti u redu. Ona ima taj matematički trening
07:12
and she goes to one of these soirees with her mother,
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i odlazi na jednu od tih soarea sa svojom majkom,
07:15
and Charles Babbage, you know, gets out his machine.
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gdje Charles Babbage, kao što znate, vadi van stroj.
07:18
The Duke of Wellington is there, you know,
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Vojvoda od Wellingtona je ondje, znate,
07:20
get out the machine, obviously demonstrates it,
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vadi stroj, naravno pokazuje ga
07:21
and she gets it. She's the only person in his lifetime, really,
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i ona ga shvaća. Ona je zaista jedina osoba za vrijeme njegova životnog vijeka
07:25
who said, "I understand what this does,
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koja je rekla "Razumijem što radi,
07:26
and I understand the future of this machine."
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i razumijem budućnost tog stroja."
07:28
And we owe to her an enormous amount because we know
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Mnogo toga joj dugujemo zbog toga što znamo
07:31
a lot about the machine that Babbage was intending to build
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dosta o stroju kojeg je Babbage namjeravao izgraditi
07:34
because of her.
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zbog nje.
07:36
Now, some people call her the first programmer.
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Neki ljudi je zovu prvim programerom.
07:39
This is actually from one of -- the paper that she translated.
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To je zapravo iz jednog --- rada kojeg je prevela.
07:42
This is a program written in a particular style.
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Ovo je program pisan posebnim stilom.
07:45
It's not, historically, totally accurate that she's the first programmer,
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Povijesno nije potpuno točno da je ona prvi programer,
07:49
and actually, she did something more amazing.
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a zapravo je napravila nešto više nevjerojatno.
07:51
Rather than just being a programmer,
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Umjesto da je bila samo programer,
07:52
she saw something that Babbage didn't.
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ona je vidjela nešto što Babbage nije vidio.
07:54
Babbage was totally obsessed with mathematics.
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Babbage je bio potpuno opsjednut matematikom.
07:58
He was building a machine to do mathematics,
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Izrađivao je stroj da se bavi matematikom,
08:02
and Lovelace said, "You could do more than mathematics
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a Lovelace je rekla "Možeš raditi mnogo više od matematike
08:05
on this machine." And just as you do,
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na tom stroju." I kao što ga vi već koristite,
08:08
everyone in this room already's got a computer on them
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svatko u ovoj prostoriji već ima računalo sa sobom,
08:09
right now, because they've got a phone.
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upravo sada, zbog toga što imate mobitel.
08:11
If you go into that phone, every single thing in that phone
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Ako pogledate u taj telefon, svaka pojedina stvar u tom telefonu
08:14
or computer or any other computing device
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ili računalu ili bilo kojem drugom računalnom uređaju
08:16
is mathematics. It's all numbers at the bottom.
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je matematika. Sve su to brojevi na kraju.
08:18
Whether it's video or text or music or voice, it's all numbers,
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Bez obzira je li video ili tekst ili glazba ili glasovi, sve su to brojevi
08:22
it's all, underlying it, mathematical functions happening,
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sve to podupiru matematičke funkcije.
08:26
and Lovelace said, "Just because you're doing
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Lovelace je rekla "Samo zato što koristite
08:28
mathematical functions and symbols
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matematičke funkcije i simbole
08:32
doesn't mean these things can't represent
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ne znači da te stvari ne mogu predstavljati
08:34
other things in the real world, such as music."
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druge stvari u stvarnom svijetu, poput glazbe."
08:37
This was a huge leap, because Babbage is there saying,
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To je bio veliki korak jer Babbage je govorio
08:40
"We could compute these amazing functions and print out
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"Možemo računati te prekrasne funkcije i ispisivati
08:42
tables of numbers and draw graphs," — (Laughter) —
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tablice brojeva te crtati grafikone," --- (Smijeh) ---
08:46
and Lovelace is there and she says, "Look,
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i Lovelace je ondje i govori "Gledaj
08:48
this thing could even compose music if you
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te stvari mogu čak komponirati glazbu
08:50
told it a representation of music numerically."
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ako glazbu prikažete brojčano."
08:54
So this is what I call Lovelace's Leap.
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To je ono što ja zovem Lovelacein skok.
08:56
When you say she's a programmer, she did do some,
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Kada kažete da je ona programer, radila je nešto od toga,
08:59
but the real thing is to have said the future is going to be
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ali zapravo trebate reći da će budućnost biti
09:02
much, much more than this.
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mnogo, mnogo više od toga.
09:05
Now, a hundred years later, this guy comes along,
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Sada, stotinu godina kasnije dolazi ovaj čovjek
09:07
Alan Turing, and in 1936, and invents the computer all over again.
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Alan Turning koji 1936. izumljuje računalo ponovno iz početka.
09:12
Now, of course, Babbage's machine was entirely mechanical.
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Babbageov stroj je naravno bio potpuno mehanički.
09:15
Turing's machine was entirely theoretical.
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Turningov stroj je bio potpuno teoretski.
09:17
Both of these guys were coming from a mathematical perspective,
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Obojca ovih ljudi su došla iz matematičke perspektive stvari,
09:20
but Turing told us something very important.
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ali Turning nam je rekao nešto vrlo važno.
09:23
He laid down the mathematical foundations
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Postavio je matematički temelj
09:26
for computer science, and said,
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za računalnu znanost i rekao je
09:28
"It doesn't matter how you make a computer."
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"Nije važno kako napravite računalo."
09:31
It doesn't matter if your computer's mechanical,
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Nije važno je li vaše računalo mehaničko
09:33
like Babbage's was, or electronic, like computers are today,
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kao što je bilo Babbageovo, ili elektroničko kao što su računala danas
09:37
or perhaps in the future, cells, or, again,
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ili čak u budućnosti, mobiteli ili ponovno
09:40
mechanical again, once we get into nanotechnology.
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mehanički, kada krenemo u nanotehnologiju.
09:43
We could go back to Babbage's machine
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Možemo se vratiti do Babbageovog stroja
09:45
and just make it tiny. All those things are computers.
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i napraviti ga malenim. Sve te stvari su računala.
09:48
There is in a sense a computing essence.
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U smislu stvari je računalna srž.
09:49
This is called the Church–Turing thesis.
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To se zove Church--Turningova teza.
09:51
And so suddenly, you get this link where you say
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I odjednom dobivate poveznicu gdje kažete
09:54
this thing Babbage had built really was a computer.
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da ta stvar koju je Babbage radio je zapravo bila računalo.
09:56
In fact, it was capable of doing everything we do today
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U stvari bilo je sposobno napraviti sve što mi radimo danas
09:59
with computers, only really slowly. (Laughter)
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s računalima, samo stvarno sporije. (Smijeh)
10:04
To give you an idea of how slowly,
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Da vam prikažem kako sporo
10:06
it had about 1k of memory.
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imalo je oko 1k memorije.
10:10
It used punch cards, which were being fed in,
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Koristilo je bušene kartice koje su se punile
10:13
and it ran about 10,000 times slower the first ZX81.
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i okretalo se oko 10.000 puta sporije nego prvi ZX81.
10:19
It did have a RAM pack.
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Imalo je radnu memoriju.
10:20
You could add on a lot of extra memory if you wanted to.
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Mogli ste dodati dodatnu memoriju ako ste željeli.
10:23
(Laughter) So, where does that bring us today?
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(Smijeh) Gdje nas to vodi danas?
10:26
So there are plans.
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Postoje planovi.
10:27
Over in Swindon, the Science Museum archives,
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U Swindonu u arhivu Znanstvenog muzeja
10:30
there are hundreds of plans and thousands of pages
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postoje stotine planova i tisuće stranica
10:32
of notes written by Charles Babbage about this analytical engine.
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bilješki koje je napisao Charles Babbage o tom analitičkom uređaju.
10:35
One of those is a set of plans that we call Plan 28,
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Jedan od njih je plan koji zovemo Plan 28
10:39
and that is also the name of a charity that I started
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i što je ujedno ime dobrotvorne ustanove koju sam osnovao
10:41
with Doron Swade, who was the curator of computing
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s Doronom Swadeom, koji je bio kustos računalstva
10:44
at the Science Museum, and also the person who drove
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u Znanstvenom muzeju i osoba koja je dovela
10:46
the project to build a difference engine,
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do izgradnje projekta "difference engine"
10:48
and our plan is to build it.
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i naš plan je izgraditi ga.
10:50
Here in South Kensington, we will build the analytical engine.
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Ovdje u South Kensingtonu izgraditi ćemo analitički uređaj.
10:54
The project has a number of parts to it.
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Projekt se sastoji od nekoliko dijelova.
10:56
One was the scanning of Babbage's archive.
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Jedan je skeniranje Babbageove arhive.
10:59
That's been done. The second is now the study
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To je napravljeno. Drugi dio je istražiti
11:01
of all of those plans to determine what to build.
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sve te planove kako bi utvrdili što izraditi.
11:04
The third part is a computer simulation of that machine,
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Treći dio je računalna simulacija tog stroja,
11:08
and the last part is to physically build it at the Science Museum.
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a posljednji je dio fizička izgradnja u Znanstvenom muzeju.
11:11
When it's built, you'll finally be able to understand how a computer works,
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Kada bude napravljen moći ćete konačno shvatiti kako radi računalo,
11:14
because rather than having a tiny chip in front of you,
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jer rađe nego da imate maleni čip ispred sebe
11:16
you've got to look at this humongous thing and say, "Ah,
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trebate pogledati tu čudovišnu stvar i reći "Ah
11:18
I see the memory operating, I see the CPU operating,
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vidim kako radi memorije, vidim kako radi procesor
11:22
I hear it operating. I probably smell it operating." (Laughter)
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čujem ga kako radi. Vjerojatno mirišem kako radi." (Smijeh)
11:25
But in between that we're going to do a simulation.
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Ali između toga ćemo raditi simulaciju.
11:28
Babbage himself wrote, he said,
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Sam Babbage je napisao, rekao je
11:30
as soon as the analytical engine exists,
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dok got postoji analitički uređaj
11:31
it will surely guide the future course of science.
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zasigurno će predvoditi budući smjer znanosti.
11:35
Of course, he never built it, because he was always fiddling
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Naravno, nikada ga nije izgradio jer je uvijek petljao
11:37
with new plans, but when it did get built, of course,
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s novim planovima, ali kada se izgradi
11:39
in the 1940s, everything changed.
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u 1940-tima sve se mijenja.
11:43
Now, I'll just give you a little taste of what it looks like
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Sada ću vam dati samo mali uvid u to kako izgleda
11:44
in motion with a video which shows
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u kretanju, s videom koji pokazuje
11:47
just one part of the CPU mechanism working.
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samo jedan dio procesora radi.
11:55
So this is just three sets of cogs,
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Ovo su samo tri kompleta zupčanika
11:58
and it's going to add. This is the adding mechanism
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i dodati će ga. Ovo je mehanizam dodavanja
12:00
in action, so you imagine this gigantic machine.
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u akciji, pa zamislite taj ogromni stroj.
12:03
So, give me five years.
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Dajte mi pet godina.
12:04
Before the 2030s happen, we'll have it.
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Prije 2030-e ćemo ga imati.
12:07
Thank you very much. (Applause)
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Puno vam hvala. (Pljesak)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
John Graham-Cumming - Computer programmerComputer programmer John Graham-Cumming keeps geek history alive by raising awareness for it's heroes and their inventions.
Why you should listen
John Graham-Cumming received his Ph.D. in computer security from Oxford University. A peripatetic programmer, he has worked in Silicon Valley, New York, the UK, Germany and France. In 2004, his open source POPFile program won a Jolt Productivity Award. He has authored two books: The Geek Atlas, a travel companion for math and science history enthusiasts; and GNU Make Unleashed, a guide for programmers. In 2009, he spearheaded a successful petition to the British Government demanding an apology for its persecution of Alan Turing for his homosexuality. His personal blog was rated among the "top 30 science blogs" by The Times in February 2010. And in October, 2010, he founded an organization dedicated to build Charles Babbage's famous analytical engine.
John Graham-Cumming | Speaker | TED.com