TED2013
Alastair Parvin: Architecture for the people by the people
Alastair Parvin: Arhitektura za ljude, od ljudi
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Arhitekt Alastair Parvin predstavlja jednostavnu a izazovnu zamisao: što ako bi, umjesto arhitekata koji projektiraju građevine za one koji si mogu priuštiti da ih posjeduju, obični građani mogli projektirati i graditi vlastite kuće? Taj je koncept u biti Wikihousea, svima dostupnog konstrukcijskog pribora koji omogućava da svatko može, gdje god, izgraditi kuću.
Alastair Parvin - Designer
Alastair Parvin believes in making architecture accessible to 100 percent of the population. Full bio
Alastair Parvin believes in making architecture accessible to 100 percent of the population. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:12
When we use the word "architect" or "designer,"
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Kad rabimo riječ "arhitekt" ili "dizajner",
00:16
what we usually mean is a professional,
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najčešće podrazumijevamo
da ona označava profesionalca,
da ona označava profesionalca,
00:18
someone who gets paid,
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nekoga tko biva plaćen.
00:21
and we tend to assume that it's those professionals
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I skloni smo pretpostaviti da su ti profesionalci
00:24
who are going to be the ones to help us solve
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oni koji će nam pomoći riješiti
00:26
the really big, systemic design challenges that we face
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uistinu velike, sistemske oblikovne izazove
s kojima se suočavamo,
s kojima se suočavamo,
00:28
like climate change, urbanization and social inequality.
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poput klimatskih promjena,
urbanizacije i društvene nejednakosti.
urbanizacije i društvene nejednakosti.
00:32
That's our kind of working presumption.
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To je naša svojevrsna radna pretpostavka.
00:35
And I think it's wrong, actually.
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A ja, zapravo, mislim da je ona pogrešna.
00:38
In 2008, I was just about to graduate from architecture school
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Godine 2008. bio sam pred diplomiranjem
na arhitektonskom fakultetu,
na arhitektonskom fakultetu,
00:41
after several years, and go out and get a job,
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nakon nekoliko godina studiranja,
i trebao sam početi tražiti posao,
i trebao sam početi tražiti posao,
00:44
and this happened.
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i ovo se dogodilo.
00:47
The economy ran out of jobs.
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Gospodarstvo je ostalo bez radnih mjesta.
00:49
And a couple of things struck me about this.
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Nekoliko sam stvari iz toga naučio.
00:52
One, don't listen to career advisers.
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Prva, ne slušaj savjetnike za razvoj karijera.
00:56
And two, actually this is a fascinating paradox for architecture,
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I drugo, što je za arhitekturu zapravo
nevjerojatan paradoks,
nevjerojatan paradoks,
01:00
which is that, as a society, we've never needed design thinking more,
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a to je da nam, kao društvu, projektantski stil
razmišljanja nikad nije bio potrebniji,
razmišljanja nikad nije bio potrebniji,
01:04
and yet architecture was literally becoming unemployed.
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a istodobno je arhitektura doslovno
postajala besposlena.
postajala besposlena.
01:08
It strikes me that we talk very deeply about design,
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Nevjerojatno mi je da vrlo promišljeno
govorimo o dizajnu,
govorimo o dizajnu,
01:12
but actually there's an economics behind architecture
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a iza arhitekture, ustvari, postoji ekonomija
01:14
that we don't talk about, and I think we need to.
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o kojoj ne govorimo, a mislim da bismo trebali.
01:17
And a good place to start is your own paycheck.
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Dobro bi bilo započeti od vlastite plaće.
01:20
So, as a bottom-of-the-rung architecture graduate,
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Dakle, kao potpun početnik, diplomirani arhitekt,
01:23
I might expect to earn about 24,000 pounds.
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mogao bih očekivati da ću zarađivati oko 24.000 funti.
01:26
That's about 36,000, 37,000 dollars.
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To je oko 36-37.000 dolara.
01:29
Now in terms of the whole world's population,
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U okviru cjelokupne svjetske populacije,
01:31
that already puts me in the top 1.95 richest people,
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već me to pozicionira u 1,95% najbogatijih ljudi,
01:36
which raises the question of, who is it I'm working for?
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što nameće pitanje: A za koga ja to radim?
01:40
The uncomfortable fact is that
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Neugodna je činjenica da je
01:42
actually almost everything that we call architecture today
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gotovo sve što danas nazivamo arhitekturom,
01:45
is actually the business of designing
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zapravo, posao projektiranja
01:47
for about the richest one percent of the world's population,
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za oko 1% najbogatijih ljudi na svijetu,
01:50
and it always has been.
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i oduvijek je to i bila.
01:53
The reason why we forgot that
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Razlog zašto to zaboravljamo
01:54
is because the times in history when architecture
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je taj što su povijesna razdoblja
u kojima je arhitektura
u kojima je arhitektura
01:56
did the most to transform society were those times
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ponajviše utjecala na društvene promjene,
bila ona vremena
bila ona vremena
01:59
when, actually, the one percent would build
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u kojima je tih 1% gradilo
02:02
on behalf of the 99 percent, for various different reasons,
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za onih 99%, iz raznih pobuda,
02:05
whether that was through philanthropy in the 19th century,
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bilo to iz čovjekoljublja u 19. stoljeću,
02:08
communism in the early 20th,
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u komunizmu ranog 20. stoljeća,
02:10
the welfare state, and most recently, of course,
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u državi blagostanja ili, naravno,
02:13
through this inflated real estate bubble.
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kroz nedavno napuhani nekretninski balon.
02:17
And all of those booms, in their own various ways,
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I svi su ti procvati, svaki na svoj način,
02:20
have now kicked the bucket,
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danas prošlost,
02:22
and we're back in this situation
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a mi smo ponovno u situaciji
02:24
where the smartest designers and architects in the world
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u kojoj najdomišljatiji svjetski dizajneri i arhitekti
02:29
are only really able to work for one percent of the population.
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mogu raditi jedino za 1% populacije.
02:33
Now it's not just that that's bad for democracy,
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To nije loše samo za demokraciju,
02:35
though I think it probably is,
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iako mislim da vjerojatno jest;
02:37
it's actually not a very clever business strategy, actually.
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to nije baš osobito pametna poslovna strategija.
02:40
I think the challenge facing the next generation of architects
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Vjerujem da je pred sljedećom
generacijom arhitekata izazov
generacijom arhitekata izazov
02:43
is, how are we going to turn our client
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kako našega klijenta dovesti
02:45
from the one percent to the 100 percent?
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od 1% do 100%?
02:48
And I want to offer three slightly counterintuitive ideas
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Želim vam ponuditi tri pomalo nerazumne ideje
02:52
for how it might be done.
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o tome kako bi se to moglo učiniti.
02:54
The first is, I think we need to question this idea
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Prva: Vjerujem da trebamo preispitati tu ideju
02:57
that architecture is about making buildings.
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da je arhitektura - gradnja građevina.
02:59
Actually, a building is about the most expensive solution
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Građevina je, zapravo, jedno od najskupljih rješenja
03:02
you can think of to almost any given problem.
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koja možete zamisliti kao odgovor na neki problem.
03:05
And fundamentally, design should be much, much more interested
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A dizajn bi, u suštini, trebao biti mnogo,
mnogo zainteresiraniji
mnogo zainteresiraniji
03:08
in solving problems and creating new conditions.
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za rješavanje problema i stvaranje novih uvjeta.
03:10
So here's a story.
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Evo jednog primjera.
03:12
The office was working with a school,
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Arhitektonski ured radio je na projektu sa školom,
03:14
and they had an old Victorian school building.
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smještenom u staroj viktorijanskoj zgradi.
03:16
And they said to the architects, "Look,
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Iz škole su arhitektima rekli: "Gledajte,
03:19
our corridors are an absolute nightmare.
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naši su hodnici potpuni užas.
03:21
They're far too small. They get congested between classes.
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Premali su.
Previše je djece u njima tijekom odmora.
Previše je djece u njima tijekom odmora.
03:23
There's bullying. We can't control them.
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Ne možemo obuzdati vršnjačko nasilje.
03:25
So what we want you to do is re-plan our entire building,
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Stoga bismo željeli da vi preobrazite
čitavu našu zgradu.
čitavu našu zgradu.
03:28
and we know it's going to cost several million pounds,
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Znamo da će to koštati nekoliko milijuna funti,
03:30
but we're reconciled to the fact."
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ali pomirili smo se s tom činjenicom."
03:32
And the team thought about this, and they went away,
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Tim je razmišljao o tome
03:35
and they said, "Actually, don't do that.
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i zaključio: "Zapravo, nemojte to činiti.
03:37
Instead, get rid of the school bell.
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Umjesto toga, uklonite školsko zvono.
03:40
And instead of having one school bell that goes off once,
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I umjesto jednog snažnog školskog zvona,
03:43
have several smaller school bells that go off
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ugradite nekoliko manjih zvona koja se oglašavaju
03:45
in different places and different times,
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na različitim mjestima i u različitim trenucima,
03:47
distribute the traffic through the corridors."
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i tako rasporedite kretanje po hodnicima."
03:49
It solves the same problem,
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Riješit ćete tako isti problem,
03:51
but instead of spending several million pounds,
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jedino što umjesto da
potrošite nekoliko milijuna funti,
potrošite nekoliko milijuna funti,
03:54
you spend several hundred pounds.
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trošite nekoliko stotina funti.
03:56
Now, it looks like you're doing yourself out of a job,
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Ovo se čini kao da sami sebi tako oduzimate posao,
03:59
but you're not. You're actually making yourself more useful.
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ali nije tako.
Zapravo, činite sami sebe korisnijima.
Zapravo, činite sami sebe korisnijima.
04:01
Architects are actually really, really good
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Arhitekti su, zapravo, stvarno, stvarno dobri
04:03
at this kind of resourceful, strategic thinking.
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u takvim oblicima domišljatog, strateškog mišljenja.
04:05
And the problem is that, like a lot of design professions,
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Problem je u tome,
a slično je u mnogim oblikovnim profesijama,
a slično je u mnogim oblikovnim profesijama,
04:07
we got fixated on the idea of providing
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što smo se vezali uz ideju pružanja
04:09
a particular kind of consumer product,
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svojevrsne komercijalne usluge,
04:11
and I don't think that needs to be the case anymore.
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a ne mislim da to tako više treba biti.
04:14
The second idea worth questioning is this 20th-century thing
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Druga ideja vrijedna propitkivanja
je ona u 20. stoljeću uvriježena misao
je ona u 20. stoljeću uvriježena misao
04:18
that mass architecture is about big --
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o masovnoj arhitekturi kao nečemu velikome -
04:21
big buildings and big finance.
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velikim građevinama i velikim novcima.
04:24
Actually, we've got ourselves locked into this
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Zapravo, zaostali smo u tom
04:26
Industrial Era mindset which says that
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mentalitetu Industrijskog doba koji kaže da
04:28
the only people who can make cities are large organizations
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jedini koji mogu izgrađivati gradove
su velike organizacije
su velike organizacije
04:32
or corporations who build on our behalf,
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ili korporacije koje grade u naše ime,
04:34
procuring whole neighborhoods
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stvarajući čitave četvrti
04:36
in single, monolithic projects, and of course,
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kroz izdvojene, jednoobrazne projekte i, naravno,
04:40
form follows finance.
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forma je rezultat financijskih mogućnosti.
04:42
So what you end up with are single, monolithic neighborhoods
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I zato dobivamo te
izdvojene, jednoobrazne četvrti
izdvojene, jednoobrazne četvrti
04:45
based on this kind of one-size-fits-all model.
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zasnovane na modelu jednako za sve.
04:49
And a lot of people can't even afford them.
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A mnogi si ljudi to ne mogu niti priuštiti.
04:51
But what if, actually, it's possible now for cities
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Ali, što ako je moguće da gradove danas
04:54
to be made not just by the few with a lot
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ne gradi manjina s mnogo,
04:57
but also by the many with a bit?
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nego i većina s malo?
05:00
And when they do, they bring with them
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I kad to učine, sa sobom donose
05:01
a completely different set of values about the place that they want to live.
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potpuno različit skup vrijednosti
o tome na kakvom mjestu žele živjeti.
o tome na kakvom mjestu žele živjeti.
05:05
And it raises really interesting questions about,
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I to rađa istinski zanimljiva pitanja o tome
05:07
how will we plan cities? How will finance development?
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kako ćemo planirati svoje gradove?
Kako ćemo financirati razvoj?
Kako ćemo financirati razvoj?
05:10
How will we sell design services?
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Kako ćemo prodavati oblikovne usluge?
05:12
What would it mean for democratic societies
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Što bi za demokratska društva značilo
05:14
to offer their citizens a right to build?
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kad bismo građanima ponudili pravo da grade?
05:16
And in a way it should be kind of obvious, right,
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Na izvjestan bi način to bilo razumljivo i ispravno
05:19
that in the 21st century, maybe cities can be developed by citizens.
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da u 21. stoljeću građani mogu graditi gradove.
05:24
And thirdly, we need to remember that,
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I treće: Trebamo upamtiti da,
05:27
from a strictly economic point of view,
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iz isključivo ekonomskog gledišta,
05:30
design shares a category with sex and care of the elderly --
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dizajn je u istoj kategoriji sa seksom
i s brigom za starije osobe --
i s brigom za starije osobe --
05:35
mostly it's done by amateurs.
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uglavnom se njime bave amateri.
05:37
And that's a good thing.
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I to je dobro.
05:39
Most of the work takes place outside of the monetary economy
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Većina toga posla zbiva se
izvan monetarne ekonomije,
izvan monetarne ekonomije,
05:42
in what's called the social economy or the core economy,
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u onome što se naziva socijalnom ekonomijom
ili bazičnom ekonomijom,
ili bazičnom ekonomijom,
05:45
which is people doing it for themselves.
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što znači da ljudi sami sebi nešto izrađuju.
05:47
And the problem is that, up until now,
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Problem je u tome što je sve dosad
05:50
it was the monetary economy which had
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monetarna ekonomija posjedovala
05:52
all the infrastructure and all the tools.
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svu infrastrukturu i sve alate.
05:54
So the challenge we face is, how are we going
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Stojimo pred izazovom
05:56
to build the tools, the infrastructure and the institutions
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kako izgraditi alate,
infrastrukturu i institucije
infrastrukturu i institucije
05:59
for architecture's social economy?
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za arhitekturu socijalne ekonomije?
06:01
And that began with open-source software.
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I to je započelo sa svima dostupnim softverom.
06:04
And over the last few years, it's been moving
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Tijekom posljednjih godina, ušlo se i
06:06
into the physical world with open-source hardware,
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u fizički svijet sa svima dostupnim hardverom,
06:09
which are freely shared blueprints
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u obliku nacrta
06:10
that anyone can download and make for themselves.
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koje svatko može preuzeti i sam izraditi.
06:14
And that's where 3D printing gets really, really interesting.
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I tu zbilja zanimljivi postaju 3D štampači.
06:17
Right? When suddenly you had a 3D printer
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Zar ne?
Odjednom imate 3D štampač
Odjednom imate 3D štampač
06:21
that was open-source, the parts for which
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koji je svima dostupan, i za kojeg se dijelovi
06:22
could be made on another 3D printer.
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mogu izraditi na drugom 3D štampaču.
06:25
Or the same idea here, which is for a CNC machine,
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Ili poput ove zamisli, za CNC stroj,
06:28
which is like a large printer that can cut sheets of plywood.
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koja sliči velikom štampaču koji reže
listove šperploče.
listove šperploče.
06:32
What these technologies are doing is radically
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Ovim se tehnologijama drastično
06:35
lowering the thresholds of time and cost and skill.
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smanjuje potrebno vrijeme, trošak i vještina.
06:38
They're challenging the idea that
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Njima se izaziva aktualno uvjerenje da
06:40
if you want something to be affordable it's got to be one-size-fits-all.
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ako želite nešto financijski prihvatljivo,
to treba biti "jednako za sve".
to treba biti "jednako za sve".
06:44
And they're distributing massively
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I njima se masovno raspodjeljuju
06:46
really complex manufacturing capabilities.
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istinski složene proizvodne vještine.
06:49
We're moving into this future where the factory is everywhere,
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Na putu smo u budućnost
u kojoj su tvornice posvuda,
u kojoj su tvornice posvuda,
06:53
and increasingly that means
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što sve više znači
06:54
that the design team is everyone.
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i da je svatko - dizajnerski tim.
06:57
That really is an industrial revolution.
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To uistinu jest industrijska revolucija.
07:00
And when we think that the major ideological conflicts
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Kad pomislimo da su glavni
naslijeđeni ideološki konflikti
naslijeđeni ideološki konflikti
07:03
that we inherited were all based around this question
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svi bili zasnovani na pitanju
07:05
of who should control the means of production,
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tko bi trebao nadzirati sredstva za proizvodnju,
07:07
and these technologies are coming back with a solution:
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a ove tehnologije uzvraćaju rješenjem:
07:10
actually, maybe no one. All of us.
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Zapravo, možda nitko.
Svi mi.
Svi mi.
07:14
And we were fascinated by
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Dojmilo nas se
07:16
what that might mean for architecture.
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što bi to moglo značiti za arhitekturu.
07:19
So about a year and a half ago,
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Prije godinu i pol dana
07:21
we started working on a project called WikiHouse,
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započeli smo s projektom nazvanim WikiHouse,
07:23
and WikiHouse is an open-source construction system.
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svima dostupnim konstrukcijskim sustavom.
07:26
And the idea is to make it possible for anyone
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Zamislili smo svima omogućiti
07:29
to go online, access a freely shared library
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da na Internetu slobodno pristupaju bazi
07:31
of 3D models which they can download and adapt in,
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3D modela koje mogu preuzimati i prilagoditi -
07:36
at the moment, SketchUp, because it's free, and it's easy to use,
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trenutno u SketchUpu,
jer je besplatan i jednostavan za korištenje -
jer je besplatan i jednostavan za korištenje -
07:39
and almost at the click of a switch
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i praktično samo na "klik"
07:42
they can generate a set of cutting files
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dobiti niz isječaka
07:44
which allow them, in effect,
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koji vam, posljedično, omogućuju
07:46
to print out the parts from a house using a CNC machine
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da tiskate dijelove kuće koristeći CNC-stroj
07:50
and a standard sheet material like plywood.
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i standardni lisni materijal poput šperploče.
07:53
And the parts are all numbered,
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Svi su dijelovi numerirani
07:56
and basically what you end up with is a really big IKEA kit.
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i, zapravo, na kraju dobijete
stvarno velik Ikein pribor.
stvarno velik Ikein pribor.
08:00
(Laughter)
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(Smijeh)
08:02
And it goes together without any bolts.
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Spajati se mogu bez ikakvih vijaka.
08:05
It uses wedge and peg connections.
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Koriste se klinovi i igle.
08:07
And even the mallets to make it
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Čak i batiće možete dobiti
08:09
can be provided on the cutting sheets as well.
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zajedno s ostalim priborom.
08:11
And a team of about two or three people,
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Dvoje ili troje ljudi,
08:14
working together, can build this.
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radeći zajedno, mogu to načiniti.
08:16
They don't need any traditional construction skills.
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Nisu im potrebne nikakve tradicionalne
konstruktorske vještine.
konstruktorske vještine.
08:18
They don't need a huge array of power tools or anything like that,
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Nije im potrebna silna oprema ni alati,
niti išta slično,
niti išta slično,
08:22
and they can build a small house of about this size
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a kućicu otprilike ove veličine mogu izgraditi
08:24
in about a day.
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u jednome danu.
08:29
(Applause)
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(Pljesak)
08:36
And what you end up with is just the basic chassis of a house
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Na kraju dobijete samo skelet kuće
08:39
onto which you can then apply systems like windows
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na koju onda možete ugraditi prozore,
08:42
and cladding and insulation and services
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obloge, izolaciju i instalacije,
08:44
based on what's cheap and what's available.
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ovisno o cijeni i o raspoloživosti.
08:47
Of course, the house is never finished.
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Kuća, dakako, nikad nije dovršena.
08:49
We're shifting our heads here, so the house is not a finished product.
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Ovo je za nas velika promjena;
stoga ni kuća nije dovršen proizvod.
stoga ni kuća nije dovršen proizvod.
08:52
With the CNC machine, you can make new parts for it
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S CNC-strojem, za nju možete načiniti nove dijelove
08:55
over its life or even use it to make the house next door.
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tijekom vremena, ili ih čak iskoristiti
za gradnju susjedne kuće.
za gradnju susjedne kuće.
08:58
So we can begin to see the seed of a completely open-source,
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Možemo uočiti začetak
apsolutno svima dostupnog
apsolutno svima dostupnog
09:02
citizen-led urban development model, potentially.
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urbanog razvojnog modela
čiji su protagonisti - građani.
čiji su protagonisti - građani.
09:06
And we and others have built a few prototypes around the world now,
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Nekoliko nas izradilo je
nekoliko prototipova diljem svijeta,
nekoliko prototipova diljem svijeta,
09:10
and some really interesting lessons here.
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i evo nekoliko uistinu zanimljivih pouka.
09:12
One of them is that it's always incredibly sociable.
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To je uvijek
nevjerojatno društveno iskustvo.
nevjerojatno društveno iskustvo.
09:14
People get confused between construction work and having fun.
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Ljudi ne vide razliku između gradnje i zabave.
09:19
But the principles of openness go right down
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Ali, načela otvorenosti očituju se
09:22
into the really mundane, physical details.
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i u stvarno prizemnim, fizičkim detaljima.
09:24
Like, never designing a piece that can't be lifted up.
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Recimo, ne konstruirajmo elemente
koje ne možemo podići.
koje ne možemo podići.
09:27
Or, when you're designing a piece,
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Ili, kad konstruirate element,
09:29
make sure you either can't put it in the wrong way round,
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osigurajte da ga ili ne možete
pogrešno postaviti,
pogrešno postaviti,
09:32
or, if you do, it doesn't matter, because it's symmetrical.
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ili, ako to i učinite, to nije važno,
jer je element simetričan.
jer je element simetričan.
09:34
Probably the principal which runs deepest with us
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Načelo s vjerojatno za nas najdubljim implikacijama
09:38
is the principal set out by Linus Torvalds,
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načelo je Linusa Torvaldsa,
09:41
the open-source pioneer,
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pionira ovog pokreta,
09:44
which was that idea of, "Be lazy like a fox."
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a to je misao: "Budi lijen poput lisice."
09:47
Don't reinvent the wheel every time.
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Ne izmišljaj toplu vodu.
09:49
Take what already works, and adapt it for your own needs.
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Prihvati što je već prokušano,
i prilagodi to svojim potrebama.
i prilagodi to svojim potrebama.
09:53
Contrary to almost everything that you might get taught
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Oprečno svemu čemu vas možda poučavaju
09:56
at an architecture school, copying is good.
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na arhitektonskom fakultetu -
oponašanje je dobro.
oponašanje je dobro.
10:00
Which is appropriate, because actually,
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Što je primjereno, jer, zapravo,
10:02
this approach is not innovative.
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ovaj pristup nije inovativan.
10:03
It's actually how we built buildings
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Tako smo, ustvari, gradili
10:05
for hundreds of years before the Industrial Revolution
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stotinama godina prije industrijske revolucije
10:08
in these sorts of community barn-raisings.
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u poznatim "zajedničnim" podizanjima sjenika.
10:10
The only difference between traditional
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Jedina razlika između tradicionalne,
10:12
vernacular architecture and open-source architecture
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pučke arhitekture i ove
"svima dostupne" arhitekture
"svima dostupne" arhitekture
10:15
might be a web connection,
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moglo bi biti internetsko povezivanje,
10:17
but it's a really, really big difference.
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no to je stvarno, stvarno velika razlika.
10:19
We shared the whole of WikiHouse
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Razdijelili smo čitav WikiHouse
10:21
under a Creative Commons license,
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pod dopusnicom Creative Commons,
10:23
and now what's just beginning to happen
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i sad se počinje primjećivati
10:24
is that groups around the world are beginning to take it
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da ga skupine diljem svijeta počinju prepoznavati,
10:26
and use it and hack it and tinker with it, and it's amazing.
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i koristiti, i komadati ih, i spajati,
i to je čudesno!
i to je čudesno!
10:29
There's a cool group over in Christchurch in New Zealand
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Postoji jedna sjajna skupina u Christchurchu,
na Novom Zelandu,
na Novom Zelandu,
10:32
looking at post-earthquake development housing,
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koja se bavi razvojem gradnje nakon potresa.
10:35
and thanks to the TED city Prize,
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A zahvaljujući TED City Prizeu,
10:38
we're working with an awesome group in one of Rio's favelas
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mi surađujemo s impresivnom skupinom
u jednoj od favela Rio de Janeira
u jednoj od favela Rio de Janeira
10:41
to set up a kind of community factory
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na uspostavljanju "zajednične" tvornice
10:43
and micro-university.
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i mini-sveučilišta.
10:45
These are very, very small beginnings,
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To su vrlo, vrlo mali začeci,
10:47
and actually there's more people in the last week
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a više je ljudi koji su prošloga tjedna
10:50
who have got in touch and they're not even on this map.
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uspostavili kontakte
i njih na ovom prikazu niti nema.
i njih na ovom prikazu niti nema.
10:52
I hope next time you see it, you won't even be able to see the map.
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Nadam se da sljedećeg puta kad ga vidite,
nećete moći vidjeti kontinente.
nećete moći vidjeti kontinente.
10:56
We're aware that WikiHouse is a very, very small answer,
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Svjesni smo da je WikiHouse
vrlo, vrlo mali odgovor,
vrlo, vrlo mali odgovor,
11:00
but it's a small answer to a really, really big question,
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ali je mali odgovor na
zbilja, zbilja veliko pitanje.
zbilja, zbilja veliko pitanje.
11:04
which is that globally, right now, the fastest-growing cities
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A to je da globalno, upravo sad,
najbrže rastući gradovi
najbrže rastući gradovi
11:08
are not skyscraper cities.
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nisu gradovi nebodera.
11:10
They're self-made cities in one form or another.
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To su samo-podignuti gradovi, ove ili one vrste.
11:14
If we're talking about the 21st-century city,
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Govorimo li o gradu 21. stoljeća,
11:18
these are the guys who are going to be making it.
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ovi će ga dečki graditi.
11:20
You know, like it or not, welcome to the world's biggest design team.
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Sviđalo vam se ili ne,
dobrodošli u najveći svjetski projektantski tim.
dobrodošli u najveći svjetski projektantski tim.
11:25
So if we're serious about problems
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Dakle, ako se kanimo ozbiljno
suočiti s problemima
suočiti s problemima
11:27
like climate change, urbanization and health,
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poput klimatskih promjena,
urbanizacije i zdravlja,
urbanizacije i zdravlja,
11:31
actually, our existing development models aren't going to do it.
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postojeći naši razvojni modeli ih,
zapravo, neće moći razriješiti.
zapravo, neće moći razriješiti.
11:35
As I think Robert Neuwirth said, there isn't a bank
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Mislim da je Robert Neuwirth rekao kako
ne postoji banka,
ne postoji banka,
11:37
or a corporation or a government or an NGO
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niti kompanija, ni vlada, ili
nevladina organizacija,
nevladina organizacija,
11:40
who's going to be able to do it
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koja će to biti kadra učiniti
11:41
if we treat citizens only as consumers.
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nastavimo li građane tretirati samo kao potrošače.
11:45
How extraordinary would it be, though, if collectively
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No, kako bi tek izvanredno bilo
kad bismo skupno
kad bismo skupno
11:49
we were to develop solutions not just to the problem
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razvijali rješenja ne samo
11:51
of structure that we've been working on,
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strukturalnih problema na kojima radimo,
11:53
but to infrastructure problems like solar-powered air conditioning,
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već i infrastrukturnih problema, poput
solarne klimatizacije,
solarne klimatizacije,
11:58
off-grid energy, off-grid sanitation --
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izvanmrežne energije,
izvanmrežnog zdravstva -
izvanmrežnog zdravstva -
12:01
low-cost, open-source, high-performance solutions
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niskotarifnih, svima dostupnih,
visokodjelotvornih rješenja
visokodjelotvornih rješenja
12:05
that anyone can very, very easily make,
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koja svatko vrlo lako može izraditi,
12:07
and to put them all into a commons
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i sve ih pohraniti u Wikimedia Commons
12:09
where they're owned by everyone and they're accessible by everyone?
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gdje ih svatko može posjedovati
i svatko im može pristupiti?
i svatko im može pristupiti?
12:13
A kind of Wikipedia for stuff?
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Neku vrstu Wikipedije za predmete?
12:17
And once something's in the commons,
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A jednom kad se nešto nađe u Wikimedia Commons,
12:19
it will always be there.
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zauvijek će ondje ostati.
12:21
How much would that change the rules?
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Koliko bi to izmijenilo pravila igre?
12:24
And I think the technology's on our side.
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Mislim da je tehnologija na našoj strani.
12:28
If design's great project in the 20th century
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Ako je veliki dizajnerski projekt 20. stoljeća
12:31
was the democratization of consumption --
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bila demokratizacija potrošnje -
12:35
that was Henry Ford, Levittown, Coca-Cola, IKEA —
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primjerice, Henry Ford, Levittown,
Coca-Cola, IKEA -
Coca-Cola, IKEA -
12:41
I think design's great project in the 21st century
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mislim da je veliki dizajnerski projekt 21. stoljeća
12:45
is the democratization of production.
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demokratizacija proizvodnje.
12:48
And when it comes to architecture in cities,
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A što se tiče arhitekture u gradovima,
12:51
that really matters.
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to je uistinu bitno.
12:53
Thank you very much.
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Hvala vam najljepša.
12:54
(Applause)
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(Pljesak)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Alastair Parvin - DesignerAlastair Parvin believes in making architecture accessible to 100 percent of the population.
Why you should listen
"As a society we’ve never needed design thinking more,” says Alastair Parvin, but most people -- particularly those in cities of growing density and poverty -- can’t afford it. Parvin, who was trained in architecture but chooses to make a career looking for ideas beyond its conventional framework, wants to change that.
He is one of a team behind WikiHouse, an open-source construction set that allows anyone to freely share model files for structures, which can then be downloaded, "printed" via CNC cutting machine and easily assembled. Parvin calls WikiHouse a very early experiment, the seed of what he sees as design’s great project in the 21st century: the democratization of production.
Alastair Parvin | Speaker | TED.com