TEDSalon NY2013
Malcolm Gladwell: The unheard story of David and Goliath
Malcolm Gladwell: Nepoznata priča o Davidu i Golijatu
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Klasična je to priča o slabijemu: David, mladi pastir naoružan samo praćkom, svladava Golijata, moćnog ratnika. Priča je odavno nadišla svoje biblijske korijene i postala uobičajena izreka za neočekivanu pobjedu. Međutim, propituje Malcolm Gladwell, je li to doista bit priče o Davidu i Golijatu?
Malcolm Gladwell - Writer
Detective of fads and emerging subcultures, chronicler of jobs-you-never-knew-existed, Malcolm Gladwell's work is toppling the popular understanding of bias, crime, food, marketing, race, consumers and intelligence. Full bio
Detective of fads and emerging subcultures, chronicler of jobs-you-never-knew-existed, Malcolm Gladwell's work is toppling the popular understanding of bias, crime, food, marketing, race, consumers and intelligence. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:12
So I wanted to tell a story
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Želio bih ispričati priču
00:13
that really obsessed me when I was writing my new book,
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koja me doista zaokupljala tijekom
pisanja moje nove knjige.
pisanja moje nove knjige.
00:17
and it's a story of something that happened
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Radi se o priči
o nečemu što se dogodilo
o nečemu što se dogodilo
00:20
3,000 years ago,
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prije 3.000 godina,
00:22
when the Kingdom of Israel was in its infancy.
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dok je Kraljevstvo Izrael bilo još
u svome ranom djetinjstvu.
u svome ranom djetinjstvu.
00:25
And it takes place in an area called the Shephelah
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Odvija se u kraju zvanom Šefela,
00:28
in what is now Israel.
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koji se danas nalazi u Izraelu.
00:30
And the reason the story obsessed me is that
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Ta me priča zaokupljala zato što sam
00:32
I thought I understood it, and then I went back over it
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mislio da je razumijem,
a onda sam je ponovno proučio
a onda sam je ponovno proučio
00:36
and I realized that I didn't understand it at all.
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i uvidio da je uopće nisam razumio.
00:40
Ancient Palestine had a -- along its eastern border,
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Duž istočne granice drevne Palestine
00:44
there's a mountain range.
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nalazi se planinski lanac.
00:46
Still same is true of Israel today.
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Isto vrijedi i za današnji Izrael.
00:48
And in the mountain range are all of the ancient cities
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U području tog planinskog lanca
nalaze se svi drevni gradovi
nalaze se svi drevni gradovi
00:51
of that region, so Jerusalem, Bethlehem, Hebron.
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te regije - Jeruzalem, Betlehem, Hebron.
00:55
And then there's a coastal plain
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A postoji i priobalna ravnica
00:57
along the Mediterranean, where Tel Aviv is now.
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duž sredozemne obale,
gdje se danas nalazi Tel Aviv.
gdje se danas nalazi Tel Aviv.
01:01
And connecting the mountain range with the coastal plain
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Taj planinski lanac je s
priobalnom ravnicom povezan
priobalnom ravnicom povezan
01:04
is an area called the Shephelah,
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područjem zvanim Šefela,
01:06
which is a series of valleys and ridges that run east to west,
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kojeg čine nizovi dolina i brežuljaka
što se spuštaju od istoka prema zapadu.
što se spuštaju od istoka prema zapadu.
01:10
and you can follow the Shephelah, go through the Shephelah
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Kroz Šefelu trebate proći da biste
01:14
to get from the coastal plain to the mountains.
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iz priobalne ravnice stigli u planine.
01:16
And the Shephelah, if you've been to Israel, you'll know
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A Šefela - ako ste ikad bili
u Izraelu, znat ćete -
u Izraelu, znat ćete -
01:18
it's just about the most beautiful part of Israel.
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jednostavno je najljepši dio Izraela.
01:20
It's gorgeous, with forests of oak
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Veličanstvena je - s hrastovim šumama,
01:23
and wheat fields and vineyards.
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žitnim poljima, vinogradima.
01:26
But more importantly, though, in the history of that region,
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No, još je važnije što je tijekom povijesti te regije
01:29
it's served, it's had a real strategic function,
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Šefela imala istinski stratešku ulogu.
01:33
and that is, it is the means by which hostile armies
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Ona je "sredstvo" pomoću kojega
neprijateljske vojske
neprijateljske vojske
01:36
on the coastal plain find their way,
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iz priobalne ravnice pronalaze put,
01:38
get up into the mountains and threaten those living in the mountains.
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uspinju se u planine i prijete
žiteljima u planinama.
žiteljima u planinama.
01:42
And 3,000 years ago, that's exactly what happens.
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Upravo to se zbiva prije 3.000 godina.
01:45
The Philistines, who are the biggest of enemies
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Filistejci, najveći neprijatelji
01:49
of the Kingdom of Israel,
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Kraljevstva Izrael,
01:51
are living in the coastal plain.
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žive u priobalnoj ravnici.
01:53
They're originally from Crete. They're a seafaring people.
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Porijeklom su s Krete.
Pomorci su.
Pomorci su.
01:56
And they may start to make their way
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U prilici su prodrijeti
01:58
through one of the valleys of the Shephelah
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kroz jednu od dolina Šefele
02:00
up into the mountains,
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sve do planina,
02:02
because what they want to do is occupy the highland area
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jer oni žele zaposjesti gorsko područje
02:04
right by Bethlehem and split the Kingdom of Israel in two.
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oko Betlehema i prepoloviti Kraljevstvo Izrael.
02:08
And the Kingdom of Israel, which is headed by King Saul,
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I Kraljevstvo Izrael,
na čijem je čelu Kralj Šaul,
na čijem je čelu Kralj Šaul,
02:11
obviously catches wind of this,
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očito biva dohvaćeno tim vjetrovima.
02:13
and Saul brings his army down from the mountains
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Šaul spušta svoju vojsku niz planine
02:16
and he confronts the Philistines in the Valley of Elah,
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i suprotstavlja je Filistejcima u Dolini Elah,
02:19
one of the most beautiful of the valleys of the Shephelah.
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jednoj od najljepših dolina Šefele.
02:22
And the Israelites dig in along the northern ridge,
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Izraelci se ukopavaju duž sjevernog grebena,
02:25
and the Philistines dig in along the southern ridge,
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a Filistejci duž južnoga,
02:29
and the two armies just sit there for weeks
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i dvije vojske
miruju ondje tjednima.
miruju ondje tjednima.
02:32
and stare at each other, because they're deadlocked.
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Promatraju se međusobno - obje
u bezizlaznom položaju.
u bezizlaznom položaju.
02:34
Neither can attack the other, because to attack the other side
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Nijedna ne može napasti drugu
jer da biste izveli napad,
jer da biste izveli napad,
02:36
you've got to come down the mountain into the valley
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morali biste se s planine
spustiti u dolinu,
spustiti u dolinu,
02:40
and then up the other side, and you're completely exposed.
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a onda opet uspeti na drugu stranu,
a tako biste bili potpuno izloženi.
a tako biste bili potpuno izloženi.
02:42
So finally, to break the deadlock,
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Konačno, da bi bi izišli
iz tog ćorsokaka,
iz tog ćorsokaka,
02:44
the Philistines send their mightiest warrior
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Filistejci pošalju
svog najmoćnijeg ratnika
svog najmoćnijeg ratnika
02:47
down into the valley floor, and he calls out
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u dno doline, odakle on
02:50
and he says to the Israelites,
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izazove Izraelce:
02:51
"Send your mightiest warrior down,
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"Pošaljite svog najmoćnijeg
ratnika ovamo dolje,
ratnika ovamo dolje,
02:54
and we'll have this out, just the two of us."
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a s naše strane bit ću ja, samo nas dvojica!"
02:56
This was a tradition in ancient warfare called single combat.
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Ovakva je bila tradicija u
drevnim ratovima koja se nazivala jedna borba.
drevnim ratovima koja se nazivala jedna borba.
03:00
It was a way of settling disputes
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Bio je to način rješavanja prijepora
03:02
without incurring the bloodshed of a major battle.
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bez izazivanja krvoprolića
neizbježnog u velikim bitkama.
neizbježnog u velikim bitkama.
03:06
And the Philistine who is sent down,
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A taj Filistejac,
03:09
their mighty warrior, is a giant.
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njihov moćni ratnik, bio je gorostas.
03:11
He's 6 foot 9.
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Visok oko 205 cm.
03:13
He's outfitted head to toe in this glittering bronze armor,
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Od glave do pete, u blještavom brončanom oklopu,
03:17
and he's got a sword and he's got a javelin
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naoružan mačem i sulicom,
03:20
and he's got his spear. He is absolutely terrifying.
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i kopljem.
Zastrašujuće izgleda.
Zastrašujuće izgleda.
03:23
And he's so terrifying that none of the Israelite soldiers want to fight him.
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Toliko zastrašujuće da mu se nijedan
izraelski vojnik ne želi suprotstaviti.
izraelski vojnik ne želi suprotstaviti.
03:28
It's a death wish, right? There's no way they think they can take him.
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To bi značilo smrtnu presudu, zar ne?
Nitko ni ne pomišlja da ga može srediti.
Nitko ni ne pomišlja da ga može srediti.
03:32
And finally the only person who will come forward
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Konačno, jedina osoba koja želi istupiti
03:35
is this young shepherd boy,
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je taj mladi pastir.
03:37
and he goes up to Saul and he says, "I'll fight him."
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On priđe Šaulu i kaže:
"Ja ću se s njim boriti."
"Ja ću se s njim boriti."
03:40
And Saul says, "You can't fight him. That's ridiculous.
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A Šaul mu reče: "Ne možeš se ti s njime boriti.
To je smiješno.
To je smiješno.
03:43
You're this kid. This is this mighty warrior."
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Ti si klinac a on je moćan ratnik"
03:45
But the shepherd is adamant. He says, "No, no, no,
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No, pastir je ustrajan: "Ne, ne, ne,
03:48
you don't understand, I have been defending my flock
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vi ne razumijete,
godinama branim svoje stado
godinama branim svoje stado
03:51
against lions and wolves for years. I think I can do it."
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od lavova i vukova.
Vjerujem da to mogu."
Vjerujem da to mogu."
03:55
And Saul has no choice. He's got no one else who's come forward.
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I Šaul nema izbora. Nema nikoga
drugoga tko bi se odvažio.
drugoga tko bi se odvažio.
03:58
So he says, "All right."
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Stoga reče: "Dobro."
03:59
And then he turns to the kid, and he says,
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Okrene se klincu, i kaže:
04:01
"But you've got to wear this armor. You can't go as you are."
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"Ali, moraš nositi ovaj oklop!
Ne možeš ići ovakav"
Ne možeš ići ovakav"
04:04
So he tries to give the shepherd his armor,
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I pokuša pastiru dati svoj oklop,
04:07
and the shepherd says, "No."
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ali pastir reče: "Ne."
04:08
He says, "I can't wear this stuff."
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Kaže: "Ja ne mogu to nositi."
04:10
The Biblical verse is, "I cannot wear this for I have not proved it,"
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Biblijski stih glasi: "Ne mogu
to nositi jer nisam dokazao."
to nositi jer nisam dokazao."
04:14
meaning, "I've never worn armor before. You've got to be crazy."
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što znači: "Nikad ranije nisam nosio oklop.
Vi ste sigurno poludjeli."
Vi ste sigurno poludjeli."
04:18
So he reaches down instead on the ground
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Umjesto toga, on se prignu k zemlji
04:20
and picks up five stones
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i pokupi pet kamena
04:22
and puts them in his shepherd's bag
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i spremi ih u pastirsku vreću
04:24
and starts to walk down the mountainside to meet the giant.
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i krenu niz brijeg ususret gorostasu.
04:29
And the giant sees this figure approaching,
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Div ugleda lika koji mu prilazi
04:31
and calls out, "Come to me so I can feed your flesh
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i izazove ga: "Dođi k meni, da dam tvoje meso
04:34
to the birds of the heavens and the beasts of the field."
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pticama nebeskim i zvijerima zemaljskim."
04:38
He issues this kind of taunt towards this person
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Ovakvom se vrstom poruge
obraća osobi koja
obraća osobi koja
04:42
coming to fight him.
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mu prilazi da bi se s njime borila.
04:43
And the shepherd draws closer and closer,
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Pastir mu prilazi sve bliže i bliže,
04:47
and the giant sees that he's carrying a staff.
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i gorostas zamijeti da
ovaj nosi štap.
ovaj nosi štap.
04:50
That's all he's carrying.
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To je sve što nosi.
04:51
Instead of a weapon, just this shepherd's staff,
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Umjesto oružja, samo taj pastirski štap,
04:53
and he says -- he's insulted --
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i div --uvrijeđen-- kaže
04:55
"Am I a dog that you would come to me with sticks?"
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"Zar sam ja pseto te ideš
na me sa štapovima?"
na me sa štapovima?"
04:59
And the shepherd boy takes one of his stones
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A mladi pastir vadi jedan od kamena
05:02
out of his pocket, puts it in his sling
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iz svoga džepa, i stavi ga u praćku
05:05
and rolls it around and lets it fly
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nategne i opali,
05:07
and it hits the giant right between the eyes --
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te pogodi diva točno između očiju --
05:10
right here, in his most vulnerable spot --
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točno ovdje, u najslabiju
njegovu točku --
njegovu točku --
05:12
and he falls down either dead or unconscious,
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i ovaj pade mrtav ili onesviješten,
05:15
and the shepherd boy runs up and takes his sword
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i mladi pastir pritrči, uze njegov mač
05:18
and cuts off his head,
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i odsiječe mu glavu,
05:19
and the Philistines see this and they turn and they just run.
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i Filistejci to vide, okrenu se i počnu bježati.
05:25
And of course, the name of the giant is Goliath
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Naravno, ime diva je Golijat,
05:29
and the name of the shepherd boy is David,
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a mladoga pastira David.
05:32
and the reason that story has obsessed me
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A razlog zbog kojega me
ova priča zaokupljala,
ova priča zaokupljala,
05:35
over the course of writing my book
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tijekom pisanja ove knjige,
05:36
is that everything I thought I knew about that story
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jest što se sve što sam mislio
da o ovoj priči znam
da o ovoj priči znam
05:39
turned out to be wrong.
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ispostavilo pogrešnim.
05:42
So David, in that story, is supposed to be the underdog, right?
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David je, dakle, u ovoj priči
slabija strana, zar ne?
slabija strana, zar ne?
05:46
In fact, that term, David and Goliath,
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Zapravo, taj izraz , David i Golijat,
05:48
has entered our language as a metaphor for
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ušao je u naš govor kao metafora za
05:51
improbable victories
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nevjerojatnu pobjedu
05:53
by some weak party over someone far stronger.
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slabijega nad nekim znatno jačim.
05:56
Now why do we call David an underdog?
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E sad, zašto Davida
nazivamo slabijim?
nazivamo slabijim?
05:58
Well, we call him an underdog because he's a kid,
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Nazivamo ga tako
zato što je klinac,
zato što je klinac,
06:01
a little kid, and Goliath is this big, strong giant.
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klinjo, a Golijat je taj
velik i snažan gorostas.
velik i snažan gorostas.
06:05
We also call him an underdog
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Nazivamo ga slabijim
06:07
because Goliath is an experienced warrior,
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i zato što je Golijat iskusan ratnik,
06:11
and David is just a shepherd.
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a David tek pastir.
06:12
But most importantly, we call him an underdog
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Ali, najvažnije, nazivamo ga slabijim
06:15
because all he has is -- it's that Goliath is outfitted with
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jer je sve što ima -- Golijat je opremljen
06:20
all of this modern weaponry,
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svim tim suvremenim naoružanjem,
06:22
this glittering coat of armor
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tim blještavim oklopom,
06:24
and a sword and a javelin and a spear,
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mačem, sulicom i kopljem,
06:27
and all David has is this sling.
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a sve što David ima je praćka.
06:31
Well, let's start there with the phrase
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Započnimo stoga s izrazom
06:33
"All David has is this sling,"
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"Sve što David ima je ta praćka."
06:35
because that's the first mistake that we make.
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jer to je prva pogreška koju činimo.
06:38
In ancient warfare, there are three kinds of warriors.
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U drevnom ratovanju
postoje tri vrste ratnika.
postoje tri vrste ratnika.
06:42
There's cavalry, men on horseback and with chariots.
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Postoji konjica - muškarci
na konjima i s kočijama.
na konjima i s kočijama.
06:45
There's heavy infantry, which are foot soldiers,
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Zatim, teško pješaštvo
koje čine pješaci,
koje čine pješaci,
06:48
armed foot soldiers with swords and shields
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naoružani pješaci
s mačevima i štitovima,
s mačevima i štitovima,
06:51
and some kind of armor.
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i nekom vrstom oklopa.
06:53
And there's artillery, and artillery are archers,
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Na koncu, artiljerija,
koju čine streličari te,
koju čine streličari te,
06:56
but, more importantly, slingers.
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još i važnije, praćkaši.
06:58
And a slinger is someone who has a leather pouch
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Praćkaš je netko
tko ima kožni džepić
tko ima kožni džepić
07:01
with two long cords attached to it,
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pričvršćen za dva duga užeta,
07:04
and they put a projectile, either a rock or a lead ball,
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i u njega stavlja projektil,
stijenu ili olovnu kuglu,
stijenu ili olovnu kuglu,
07:07
inside the pouch, and they whirl it around like this
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i zavrte ga ovako
07:10
and they let one of the cords go,
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te otpuste jedno od užadi,
07:13
and the effect is to send the projectile forward
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i tako odašilju projektil naprijed
07:17
towards its target.
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ka meti.
07:20
That's what David has, and it's important to understand
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Upravo je to ono što David ima,
i važno je razumjeti
i važno je razumjeti
07:23
that that sling is not a slingshot.
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da ta praćka nije praćka
kakvu poznajemo.
kakvu poznajemo.
07:26
It's not this, right? It's not a child's toy.
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Ne radi se o ovome, razumijete?
To nije dječja igračka.
To nije dječja igračka.
07:28
It's in fact an incredibly devastating weapon.
154
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To je ustvari nevjerojatno
razorno oružje.
razorno oružje.
07:32
When David rolls it around like this,
155
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Kada David to na ovaj način zavrti,
07:35
he's turning the sling around probably
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on tu praćku vrti brzinom od vjerojatno
07:38
at six or seven revolutions per second,
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6 ili 7 okreta u sekundi.
07:41
and that means that when the rock is released,
158
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Znači da kamen, kad je otpušten,
07:45
it's going forward really fast,
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2200
leti vrlo brzo,
07:47
probably 35 meters per second.
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vjerojatno oko 35 metara u sekundi.
07:49
That's substantially faster than a baseball
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To je bitno brže od bejzbolske loptice
07:52
thrown by even the finest of baseball pitchers.
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koju baca i najvještiji bacač.
07:56
More than that, the stones in the Valley of Elah
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Štoviše, kamenje u Dolini Elah
08:00
were not normal rocks. They were barium sulphate,
164
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2656
nije bilo obično stijenje.
Radilo se o barijevom sulfatu,
Radilo se o barijevom sulfatu,
08:03
which are rocks twice the density of normal stones.
165
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a takvo je kamenje dvaput
gušće od običnoga.
gušće od običnoga.
08:06
If you do the calculations on the ballistics,
166
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2637
Napravite li neke balističke proračune
08:09
on the stopping power of the rock fired from David's sling,
167
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o zaustavnoj sili kamena
ispaljenog iz Davidove praćke,
ispaljenog iz Davidove praćke,
08:13
it's roughly equal to the stopping power
168
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2321
ona je otprilike jednaka
zaustavnoj sili
zaustavnoj sili
08:15
of a [.45 caliber] handgun.
169
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3557
metka ispaljenog iz
45-milimetarskog pištolja.
45-milimetarskog pištolja.
08:18
This is an incredibly devastating weapon.
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2994
To je nevjerojatno razorno oružje.
08:21
Accuracy, we know from historical records
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Preciznost, iz povijesnih zapisa znamo
08:26
that slingers -- experienced slingers could hit
172
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da su iskusni praćkaši mogli pogoditi,
08:30
and maim or even kill a target at distances of up to 200 yards.
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ozlijediti, pa čak i ubiti na
udaljenostima i do 200 metara.
udaljenostima i do 200 metara.
08:36
From medieval tapestries, we know that slingers
174
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Na srednjovjekovnim tapiserijama
vidimo da su praćkaši
vidimo da su praćkaši
08:39
were capable of hitting birds in flight.
175
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bili kadri pogoditi ptice u letu.
08:42
They were incredibly accurate.
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Bili su iznimno precizni.
08:44
When David lines up -- and he's not 200 yards away from Goliath,
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Kad se David postavi nasuprot Golijatu,
i to ne na 200 metara od Golijata,
i to ne na 200 metara od Golijata,
08:48
he's quite close to Goliath --
178
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prilično mu je blizu --
08:49
when he lines up and fires that thing at Goliath,
179
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kad mu se suprotstavi i ispali
taj kamen na Golijata,
taj kamen na Golijata,
08:53
he has every intention and every expectation
180
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on je odlučan u namjeri i očekuje
08:56
of being able to hit Goliath at his most vulnerable spot
181
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da će pogoditi Golijata u
njegovu najslabiju točku
njegovu najslabiju točku
08:59
between his eyes.
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između njegovih očiju.
09:00
If you go back over the history of ancient warfare,
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2016
Osvrnete li se na povijest
drevnog ratovanja,
drevnog ratovanja,
09:02
you will find time and time again
184
530445
2812
iznova ćete nailaziti na podatak
09:05
that slingers were the decisive factor against infantry
185
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4003
da su praćkaši bili odlučan
čimbenik u srazu s pješaštvom
čimbenik u srazu s pješaštvom
09:09
in one kind of battle or another.
186
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o kakvoj se god bitci radilo.
09:14
So what's Goliath? He's heavy infantry,
187
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Što je onda Golijat?
On je teško pješaštvo,
On je teško pješaštvo,
09:18
and his expectation when he challenges the Israelites to a duel
188
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i on, pozivajući Izraelce na dvoboj, očekuje
09:23
is that he's going to be fighting another heavy infantryman.
189
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da će se boriti s drugim
teškim pješakom.
teškim pješakom.
09:27
When he says, "Come to me that I might
190
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2171
Kad on kaže:
"Dođi k meni, da dam
"Dođi k meni, da dam
09:29
feed your flesh to the birds of the heavens and the beasts of the field,"
191
557406
2952
tvoje meso pticama nebeskim
i zvijerima zemaljskim!",
i zvijerima zemaljskim!",
09:32
the key phrase is "Come to me."
192
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2000
ključan je izraz: "Dođi k meni"
09:34
Come up to me because we're going to fight,
193
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Dođi k meni, jer ćemo se boriti,
09:36
hand to hand, like this.
194
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prsa o prsa, ovako.
09:38
Saul has the same expectation.
195
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Šaul očekuje isto.
09:40
David says, "I want to fight Goliath,"
196
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David kaže: "Ja se želim boriti s Golijatom."
09:42
and Saul tries to give him his armor,
197
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1821
i Šaul mu nastoji dati svoj oklop
09:44
because Saul is thinking, "Oh, when you say 'fight Goliath,'
198
572515
2727
jer i sam misli: "O, kad kažeš
'boriti se s Golijatom',
'boriti se s Golijatom',
09:47
you mean 'fight him in hand-to-hand combat,'
199
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3267
ti misliš 'boriti se s njime
u borbi prsa o prsa',
u borbi prsa o prsa',
09:50
infantry on infantry."
200
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2188
pješak protiv pješaka."
09:52
But David has absolutely no expectation.
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Međutim, David uopće ništa ne očekuje.
09:55
He's not going to fight him that way. Why would he?
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On se ne kani tako boriti s njime.
Zašto i bi?
Zašto i bi?
09:58
He's a shepherd. He's spent his entire career
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On je pastir.
Čitavu je svoju karijeru proveo
Čitavu je svoju karijeru proveo
10:01
using a sling to defend his flock against lions and wolves.
204
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4213
koristeći praćku kako bi svoje stado
zaštitio od lavova i vukova.
zaštitio od lavova i vukova.
10:05
That's where his strength lies.
205
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1750
U tome leži njegova snaga.
10:07
So here he is, this shepherd, experienced
206
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2532
Imamo, dakle, njega,
tog pastira vještog
tog pastira vještog
10:09
in the use of a devastating weapon,
207
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2039
u korištenju razornog oružja,
10:11
up against this lumbering giant
208
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nasuprot ovom nezgrapnom gorostasu
10:14
weighed down by a hundred pounds of armor
209
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3300
natovarenom s pedeset kilograma oklopa
10:17
and these incredibly heavy weapons
210
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1501
i tim nevjerojatno teškim oružjem
10:18
that are useful only in short-range combat.
211
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upotrebljivim tek u bliskoj borbi.
10:22
Goliath is a sitting duck. He doesn't have a chance.
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4737
Golijat je osuđen na poraz.
On nema izgleda.
On nema izgleda.
10:26
So why do we keep calling David an underdog,
213
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2806
Pa zašto onda ustrajemo u
nazivanju Davida slabijim,
nazivanju Davida slabijim,
10:29
and why do we keep referring to his victory as improbable?
214
617599
5824
i zašto neprestano njegovu pobjedu
nazivamo nevjerojatnom?
nazivamo nevjerojatnom?
10:35
There's a second piece of this that's important.
215
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Postoji drugi element koji je ovdje važan.
10:38
It's not just that we misunderstand David
216
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3398
Ne samo da pogrešno doživljavamo Davida
10:41
and his choice of weaponry.
217
629661
1905
i njegov odabir oružja.
10:43
It's also that we profoundly misunderstand Goliath.
218
631566
3339
Mi duboko pogrešno
doživljavamo i Golijata.
doživljavamo i Golijata.
10:46
Goliath is not what he seems to be.
219
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3234
Golijat nije onaj kakvim se čini.
10:50
There's all kinds of hints of this in the Biblical text,
220
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3988
Niz je nagovještaja ovoga
u biblijskom tekstu,
u biblijskom tekstu,
10:54
things that are in retrospect quite puzzling
221
642127
2805
stvari koje su, osvrnemo li se,
prilično zbunjujuće
prilično zbunjujuće
10:56
and don't square with his image as this mighty warrior.
222
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3777
i ne odgovaraju predodžbi
njega kao moćnog ratnika.
njega kao moćnog ratnika.
11:00
So to begin with, the Bible says that Goliath
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Za početak, Biblija
kaže da Golijata
kaže da Golijata
11:04
is led onto the valley floor by an attendant.
224
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3965
do dna doline dovodi sluga.
11:08
Now that is weird, right?
225
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2209
Čudno, zar ne?
11:10
Here is this mighty warrior
226
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2130
Imamo tog moćnog ratnika koji
11:12
challenging the Israelites to one-on-one combat.
227
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2807
izaziva Izraelce na borbu jedan-na-jedan.
11:15
Why is he being led by the hand
228
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2712
Zašto ga neki mladić
11:17
by some young boy, presumably,
229
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3050
vodi za ruku
11:20
to the point of combat?
230
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2462
do mjesta gdje će se boriti?
11:23
Secondly, the Bible story makes special note
231
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4354
Nadalje, u biblijskoj se priči
posebno naglašava
posebno naglašava
11:27
of how slowly Goliath moves,
232
675775
3089
koliko se sporo Golijat kreće,
11:30
another odd thing to say when you're describing
233
678864
2026
još jedan neobičan detalj
za istaknuti pri opisivanju
za istaknuti pri opisivanju
11:32
the mightiest warrior known to man at that point.
234
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4050
najmoćnijeg ratnika toga doba.
11:36
And then there's this whole weird thing
235
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1823
Konačno, tu je i čitava ta priča
11:38
about how long it takes Goliath to react
236
686763
3812
o tome koliko je puno vremena
Golijatu potrebno da reagira
Golijatu potrebno da reagira
11:42
to the sight of David.
237
690575
1996
pošto ugleda Davida.
11:44
So David's coming down the mountain,
238
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2778
David se, dakle, spušta niz planinu
11:47
and he's clearly not preparing for hand-to-hand combat.
239
695349
3937
i očigledno se ne priprema
za borbu prsa o prsa.
za borbu prsa o prsa.
11:51
There is nothing about him that says,
240
699286
1968
Ništa na njemu ne govori:
11:53
"I am about to fight you like this."
241
701254
2034
"Borit ću se s tobom ovako."
11:55
He's not even carrying a sword.
242
703288
1731
Ne nosi niti mač.
11:57
Why does Goliath not react to that?
243
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2682
Zašto Golijat na to ne reagira?
11:59
It's as if he's oblivious to what's going on that day.
244
707701
4228
Kao da ne primjećuje
što se zbiva toga dana.
što se zbiva toga dana.
12:03
And then there's that strange comment he makes to David:
245
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3947
Tu je i onaj čudan komentar
kojeg upućuje Davidu:
kojeg upućuje Davidu:
12:07
"Am I a dog that you should come to me with sticks?"
246
715876
4295
"Zar sam ja pseto te
ideš na me sa štapovima?"
ideš na me sa štapovima?"
12:12
Sticks? David only has one stick.
247
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3823
Štapovima?
David ima svega jedan štap.
David ima svega jedan štap.
12:15
Well, it turns out that there's been a great deal
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723994
2259
Čini se da se, tijekom godina,
12:18
of speculation within the medical community over the years
249
726253
3041
u medicinskoj zajednici podosta špekuliralo
12:21
about whether there is something
250
729294
2526
o tome ima li možda Golijat
12:23
fundamentally wrong with Goliath,
251
731820
2889
kakvu bitnu slabost.
12:26
an attempt to make sense of all of those apparent anomalies.
252
734709
3409
Pokušaj je to da se nekako
obrazlože sve te očite anomalije.
obrazlože sve te očite anomalije.
12:30
There have been many articles written.
253
738118
1162
Mnogo je članaka objavljeno.
12:31
The first one was in 1960 in the Indiana Medical Journal,
254
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3994
Prvi je bio onaj 1960., u
Indiana Medical Journal,
Indiana Medical Journal,
12:35
and it started a chain of speculation
255
743274
2355
s kojime su započela nagađanja
12:37
that starts with an explanation for Goliath's height.
256
745629
3123
koja započinju s objašnjenjem
Golijatove visine.
Golijatove visine.
12:40
So Goliath is head and shoulders above
257
748752
2923
Golijat je za glavu i ramena viši
12:43
all of his peers in that era,
258
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2162
od svih ratnika toga doba.
12:45
and usually when someone is that far out of the norm,
259
753837
3982
Kad je netko toliko izvan prosjeka,
12:49
there's an explanation for it.
260
757819
1597
obično za to postoji neko objašnjenje.
12:51
So the most common form of giantism
261
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3233
Najuobičajeniji oblik gigantizma
12:54
is a condition called acromegaly,
262
762649
2735
stanje je koje nazivamo akromegalija,
12:57
and acromegaly is caused by a benign tumor
263
765384
2903
a nju uzrokuje dobroćudni tumor
13:00
on your pituitary gland
264
768287
2503
hipofize, koji pak uzrokuje
13:02
that causes an overproduction of human growth hormone.
265
770790
2716
prekomjernu proizvodnju ljudskog hormona rasta.
13:05
And throughout history, many of the most famous giants
266
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3559
Mnogi od najčuvenijih gorostasa u povijesti
13:09
have all had acromegaly.
267
777065
1769
bolovali su od akromegalije.
13:10
So the tallest person of all time
268
778834
2064
Najviša osoba svih vremena
13:12
was a guy named Robert Wadlow
269
780898
1567
bio je Robert Wadlow,
mladić koji je
mladić koji je
13:14
who was still growing when he died at the age of 24
270
782465
3051
još uvijek rastao i kad je u 24. godini umro,
13:17
and he was 8 foot 11.
271
785516
2889
bio je visok 2.72.
13:20
He had acromegaly.
272
788405
1414
Bolovao je od akromegalije.
13:21
Do you remember the wrestler André the Giant?
273
789819
2535
Sjećate li se hrvača
Gorostasnog Andrea?
Gorostasnog Andrea?
13:24
Famous. He had acromegaly.
274
792354
1683
Čuven.
Bolovao je od akromegalije.
Bolovao je od akromegalije.
13:26
There's even speculation that Abraham Lincoln had acromegaly.
275
794037
4539
Nagađa se kako je čak i Abraham
Lincoln bolovao od akromegalije.
Lincoln bolovao od akromegalije.
13:30
Anyone who's unusually tall,
276
798576
1078
Svaki slučaj neuobičajene visine
13:31
that's the first explanation we come up with.
277
799654
2753
najprije objašnjavamo na taj način.
13:34
And acromegaly has a very distinct set of side effects
278
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3995
Akromegalija ima niz vrlo
karakterističnih nuspojava
karakterističnih nuspojava
13:38
associated with it,
279
806402
1225
koje se uz nju vežu,
13:39
principally having to do with vision.
280
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3562
a načelno se tiču vida.
13:43
The pituitary tumor, as it grows,
281
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3296
Tumor hipofize, dok raste,
13:46
often starts to compress the visual nerves in your brain,
282
814485
4048
često počinje pritiskati
vidne živce u mozgu,
vidne živce u mozgu,
13:50
with the result that people with acromegaly
283
818533
2504
s posljedicom da ljudi s akromegalijom
13:53
have either double vision or they are profoundly nearsighted.
284
821037
5471
vide dvostruke slike ili su izrazito kratkovidni.
13:58
So when people have started to speculate
285
826508
2593
Kad su ljudi počeli spekulirati
14:01
about what might have been wrong with Goliath,
286
829101
3231
o tome što se moglo dogoditi Golijatu,
14:04
they've said, "Wait a minute,
287
832332
911
rekli su: "Čekaj malo,
14:05
he looks and sounds an awful lot like someone
288
833243
3190
on djeluje i zvuči silno nalik nekome
14:08
who has acromegaly."
289
836433
1573
tko boluje od akromegalije."
14:10
And that would also explain so much of what was strange
290
838006
2984
Time se, također, može objasniti
toliko toga neobičnoga
toliko toga neobičnoga
14:12
about his behavior that day.
291
840990
2127
u njegovu ponašanju toga dana.
14:15
Why does he move so slowly
292
843117
1821
Zašto se toliko sporo kreće
14:16
and have to be escorted down into the valley floor
293
844938
3528
i zašto ga do dna doline treba otpratiti
14:20
by an attendant?
294
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1359
njegov pomoćnik?
14:21
Because he can't make his way on his own.
295
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2988
Zato što on to sam nije u stanju.
14:24
Why is he so strangely oblivious to David
296
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3257
Zašto on toliko neobično ne mari za Davida
14:28
that he doesn't understand that David's not going to fight him
297
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2649
pa i ne razumije da mu se
David neće suprotstaviti
David neće suprotstaviti
14:30
until the very last moment?
298
858719
2147
sve do posljednjeg trenutka?
14:32
Because he can't see him.
299
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2509
Jer ga on ne može vidjeti.
14:35
When he says, "Come to me that I might feed your flesh
300
863375
3317
Kad on kaže: "Dođi k meni,
da dam tvoje meso
da dam tvoje meso
14:38
to the birds of the heavens and the beasts of the field,"
301
866692
2496
pticama nebeskim i
zvijerima zemaljskim",
zvijerima zemaljskim",
14:41
the phrase "come to me" is a hint also of his vulnerability.
302
869188
4644
izraz "dođi k meni" nagovještaj je
njegove ranjivosti.
njegove ranjivosti.
14:45
Come to me because I can't see you.
303
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2984
"Dođi k meni" jer te ja ne mogu vidjeti.
14:48
And then there's, "Am I a dog that you should come to me with sticks?"
304
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5214
A potom: "Zar sam ja pseto
te ideš na me sa štapovima?"
te ideš na me sa štapovima?"
14:54
He sees two sticks when David has only one.
305
882030
5330
On vidi dva štapa iako
David drži u ruci samo jedan.
David drži u ruci samo jedan.
14:59
So the Israelites up on the mountain ridge
306
887360
2964
I tako su ga Izraelci,
promatrajući ga odozgo,
promatrajući ga odozgo,
15:02
looking down on him thought he was
307
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2197
s planinskog sedla, smatrali
15:04
this extraordinarily powerful foe.
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3111
izvanredno moćnim protivnikom.
15:07
What they didn't understand was that
309
895632
1976
Ono što oni nisu razumjeli jest da je
15:09
the very thing that was the source of his apparent strength
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897608
3297
upravo ono što je izvor njegove
očigledne snage
očigledne snage
15:12
was also the source of his greatest weakness.
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3755
bilo ujedno i izvor
njegove najveće slabosti.
njegove najveće slabosti.
15:16
And there is, I think, in that,
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904660
1957
Mislim da se u tome nalazi
15:18
a very important lesson for all of us.
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3205
vrlo važna pouka za sve nas.
15:21
Giants are not as strong and powerful as they seem.
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3862
Divovi nisu tako snažni
i moćni kakvima se čine.
i moćni kakvima se čine.
15:25
And sometimes the shepherd boy has a sling in his pocket.
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913684
3489
A pastirčić katkad ima
praćku u svom džepu.
praćku u svom džepu.
15:29
Thank you.
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1787
Hvala vam.
15:30
(Applause)
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4385
(Pljesak)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Malcolm Gladwell - WriterDetective of fads and emerging subcultures, chronicler of jobs-you-never-knew-existed, Malcolm Gladwell's work is toppling the popular understanding of bias, crime, food, marketing, race, consumers and intelligence.
Why you should listen
Malcolm Gladwell searches for the counterintuitive in what we all take to be the mundane: cookies, sneakers, pasta sauce. A New Yorker staff writer since 1996, he visits obscure laboratories and infomercial set kitchens as often as the hangouts of freelance cool-hunters -- a sort of pop-R&D gumshoe -- and for that has become a star lecturer and bestselling author.
Sparkling with curiosity, undaunted by difficult research (yet an eloquent, accessible writer), his work uncovers truths hidden in strange data. His always-delightful blog tackles topics from serial killers to steroids in sports, while provocative recent work in the New Yorker sheds new light on the Flynn effect -- the decades-spanning rise in I.Q. scores.
Gladwell has written four books. The Tipping Point, which began as a New Yorker piece, applies the principles of epidemiology to crime (and sneaker sales), while Blink examines the unconscious processes that allow the mind to "thin slice" reality -- and make decisions in the blink of an eye. His third book, Outliers, questions the inevitabilities of success and identifies the relation of success to nature versus nurture. The newest work, What the Dog Saw and Other Adventures, is an anthology of his New Yorker contributions.
He says: "There is more going on beneath the surface than we think, and more going on in little, finite moments of time than we would guess."
Malcolm Gladwell | Speaker | TED.com