TEDGlobal 2013
Michael Sandel: Why we shouldn't trust markets with our civic life
Michael Sandel: Zašto naš građanski život ne bismo trebali povjeriti tržištima
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Tijekom zadnja tri desetljeća, pripovjeda Michael Sandel, SAD su sa tržišne ekonomije odlutale u tržišno društvo; istina je da za Amerikance iskustvo zajedničkog građanskog života ovisi o tome koliko imaju novca. (Tri ključna primjera: dostupnost obrazovanja, dostupnost pravde, politički utjecaj.) U ovom govoru i diskusiji publike, Sandel od nas traži da iskreno razmislimo o ovom pitanju: U našoj današnjoj demokraciji, je li previše toga na prodaju?
Michael Sandel - Political philosopher
Michael Sandel teaches political philosophy at Harvard, exploring some of the most hotly contested moral and political issues of our time. Full bio
Michael Sandel teaches political philosophy at Harvard, exploring some of the most hotly contested moral and political issues of our time. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:13
Here's a question we need to rethink together:
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Evo pitanja o kojem bismo trebali
ponovo zajedno razmisliti:
ponovo zajedno razmisliti:
00:17
What should be the role of money
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Koja bi trebala biti uloga novca
00:20
and markets in our societies?
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i tržišta u našim društvima?
00:23
Today, there are very few things
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Danas postoji vrlo malo stvari
00:26
that money can't buy.
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koje se ne mogu kupiti novcem.
00:28
If you're sentenced to a jail term
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Ako ste osuđeni na zatvorsku kaznu
00:30
in Santa Barbara, California,
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u Santa Barbari, u Kaliforniji,
00:32
you should know
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trebali biste znati
00:34
that if you don't like the standard accommodations,
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da ukoliko vam se ne sviđa
standardni smještaj,
standardni smještaj,
00:36
you can buy a prison cell upgrade.
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možete nadoplatiti za
smještaj u boljoj ćeliji.
smještaj u boljoj ćeliji.
00:41
It's true. For how much, do you think?
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To je istina.
Kolika je nadoplata, što mislite?
Kolika je nadoplata, što mislite?
00:44
What would you guess?
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Pokušajte pogoditi.
00:46
Five hundred dollars?
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Pet stotina dolara?
00:47
It's not the Ritz-Carlton. It's a jail!
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To nije Ritz-Carlton hotel To je zatvor!
00:51
Eighty-two dollars a night.
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Osamdeset i dva dolara za noć.
00:53
Eighty-two dollars a night.
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Osamdeset i dva dolara za noć.
00:55
If you go to an amusement park
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Ako odete u zabavni park
00:57
and don't want to stand in the long lines
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i ne želite stajati u dugačkim redovima
01:00
for the popular rides,
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za popularne vožnje,
01:01
there is now a solution.
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sada postoji rješenje.
01:04
In many theme parks, you can pay extra
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U mnogim tematskim parkovima
možete dodatno platiti
možete dodatno platiti
da biste skočili na početak reda.
01:09
to jump to the head of the line.
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01:10
They call them Fast Track or VIP tickets.
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To zovu Brza traka ili VIP ulaznice.
01:15
And this isn't only happening in amusement parks.
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I to se ne događa samo u
zabavnim parkovima.
zabavnim parkovima.
01:18
In Washington, D.C., long lines,
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U Washintonu D.C.
dugački redovi čekanja
dugački redovi čekanja
01:21
queues sometimes form
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ponekad nastaju
01:23
for important Congressional hearings.
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za važne rasprave Kongresa.
01:27
Now some people don't like to wait in long queues,
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No, neki ljudi ne vole čekati
u dugačkim redovima
u dugačkim redovima
01:31
maybe overnight, even in the rain.
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možda i cijelu noć, čak i na kiši.
01:33
So now, for lobbyists and others
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Zato sada, za lobiste i druge
01:35
who are very keen to attend these hearings
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koji žarko žele
prisustvovati tim raspravama,
prisustvovati tim raspravama,
01:37
but don't like to wait, there are companies,
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ali ne žele čekati,
postoje kompanije,
postoje kompanije,
01:40
line-standing companies,
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kompanije za čekanje u redovima,
01:42
and you can go to them.
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kojima se možete obratiti.
01:44
You can pay them a certain amount of money,
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Možete im platiti određeni iznos,
01:46
they hire homeless people and others who need a job
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oni unajmljuju beskućnike
i druge koji trebaju posao
i druge koji trebaju posao
01:49
to stand waiting in the line for as long as it takes,
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da stoje u redu koliko god je potrebno,
01:52
and the lobbyist, just before the hearing begins,
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a lobist, upravo prije početka sjednice,
01:55
can take his or her place at the head of the line
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može zauzeti svoje mjesto
na početku reda
na početku reda
01:58
and a seat in the front of the room.
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i sjedalo u prvim redovima dvorane.
02:01
Paid line standing.
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Plaćeno stajanje u redu.
02:04
It's happening, the recourse to market mechanisms
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Posezanje za tržišnim mehanizmima
02:07
and market thinking and market solutions,
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i tržišnim razmišljanjem
i tržišnim rješenjima
i tržišnim rješenjima
02:10
in bigger arenas.
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događa se i u većim razmjerima.
02:13
Take the way we fight our wars.
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Uzmite način na koji vodimo ratove.
02:15
Did you know that, in Iraq and Afghanistan,
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Jeste li znali da je u Iraku i Afganistanu
02:18
there were more private military contractors on the ground
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bilo više privatnih vojnih kompanija
02:22
than there were U.S. military troops?
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nego američkih vojnih trupa?
02:26
Now this isn't because we had a public debate
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No to nije zato jer
smo imali javnu raspravu
smo imali javnu raspravu
02:29
about whether we wanted to outsource war
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o tome želimo li vođenje rata
02:32
to private companies,
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povjeriti privatnim kompanijama;
02:34
but this is what has happened.
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no to se dogodilo.
02:37
Over the past three decades,
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Tijekom zadnja tri desetljeća
02:40
we have lived through a quiet revolution.
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proživljavali smo tihu revoluciju.
02:44
We've drifted almost without realizing it
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Gotovo ne shvaćajući,
odlutali smo,
odlutali smo,
02:49
from having a market economy
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i od društva sa tržišnom ekonomijom
02:52
to becoming market societies.
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postali tržišno društvo.
02:56
The difference is this: A market economy is a tool,
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Razlika je u ovome:
Tržišna ekonomija je alat,
Tržišna ekonomija je alat,
02:59
a valuable and effective tool,
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dragocjen i učinkovit alat,
03:01
for organizing productive activity,
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za organiziranje proizvodne aktivnosti,
03:04
but a market society is a place where
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no tržišno društvo je mjesto
03:07
almost everything is up for sale.
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gdje je gotovo sve na prodaju.
03:10
It's a way of life, in which market thinking
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To je način života
u kojem tržišno razmišljanje
u kojem tržišno razmišljanje
03:14
and market values begin to dominate
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i tržišne vrijednosti počinju dominirati
03:16
every aspect of life:
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svakim aspektom života:
03:20
personal relations, family life, health, education,
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osobnim odnosima, obiteljskim životom,
zdravljem, obrazovanjem,
zdravljem, obrazovanjem,
03:25
politics, law, civic life.
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politikom, zakonom, građanskim životom.
03:28
Now, why worry? Why worry about our becoming
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No, zašto brinuti? Zašto brinuti o tome
03:33
market societies?
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što postajemo tržišna društva?
03:36
For two reasons, I think.
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Ja mislim iz dva razloga.
03:39
One of them has to do with inequality.
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Jedan od njih odnosi se na nejednakost.
03:44
The more things money can buy,
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Što se više stvari može kupiti novcem,
03:47
the more affluence, or the lack of it, matters.
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to je važnije bogatstvo
odnosno njegov manjak.
odnosno njegov manjak.
03:51
If the only thing that money determined
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Kada bi jedina stvar
o kojoj odlučuje novac
o kojoj odlučuje novac
03:54
was access to yachts or fancy vacations or BMWs,
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bila dostupnost jahti ili
luksuznih putovanja ili BMW-ova
luksuznih putovanja ili BMW-ova
04:00
then inequality wouldn't matter very much.
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tada nejednakost ne bi bila jako važna.
04:04
But when money comes increasingly to govern
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No, kada novac sve više počinje upravljati
04:08
access to the essentials of the good life --
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dostupom do osnovnih sredstava
za dobar život --
za dobar život --
04:12
decent health care, access to the best education,
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primjerena zdravstvena skrb,
dostupnost najboljeg obrazovanja,
dostupnost najboljeg obrazovanja,
04:16
political voice and influence in campaigns --
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politički glas i utjecaj u kampanjama --
04:21
when money comes to govern all of those things,
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kada novac počinje upravljati
svim tim stvarima
svim tim stvarima
04:25
inequality matters a great deal.
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nejednakost postaje jako važna.
04:27
And so the marketization of everything
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I zato, dodjeljivanje
tržišne vrijednosti svemu
tržišne vrijednosti svemu
04:30
sharpens the sting of inequality
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zaoštrava žalac nejednakosti
04:33
and its social and civic consequence.
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i njene socijalne i građanske posljedice.
04:35
That's one reason to worry.
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To je jedan razlog za brigu.
04:38
There's a second reason
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Postoji drugi razlog
04:41
apart from the worry about inequality,
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bez obzira na brigu o nejednakosti,
04:45
and it's this:
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a taj je sljedeći:
04:47
with some social goods and practices,
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ima nekih društvenih dobara i usluga
04:51
when market thinking and market values enter,
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kojima bi tržišno razmišljanje
i tržišne vrijednosti
i tržišne vrijednosti
04:56
they may change the meaning of those practices
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mogli promijeniti njihovo značenje
04:59
and crowd out attitudes and norms
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i istisnuti stavove i mjerila
05:02
worth caring about.
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o kojima vrijedi brinuti.
05:04
I'd like to take an example
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Kao primjer kontraverznog korištenja
05:07
of a controversial use of a market mechanism,
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tržišnog mehanizma, želio bih uzeti
05:11
a cash incentive, and see what you think about it.
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novčani poticaj i vidjeti
što vi mislite o tome.
što vi mislite o tome.
05:15
Many schools struggle with the challenge
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Mnoge se škole bore s izazovom
05:19
of motivating kids, especially kids
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motiviranja djece, pogotovo
siromašnije djece,
siromašnije djece,
05:21
from disadvantaged backgrounds, to study hard,
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da marljivo uče, dobro prolaze u školi,
05:25
to do well in school, to apply themselves.
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da se zalažu.
05:28
Some economists have proposed a market solution:
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Neki ekonomisti su predložili
tržišno rješenje:
tržišno rješenje:
05:32
Offer cash incentives to kids for getting good grades
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Ponuditi djeci novčani poticaj
za dobre ocjene
za dobre ocjene
05:36
or high test scores
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ili bolje rezultate na testovima
05:38
or for reading books.
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ili za čitanje knjiga.
05:40
They've tried this, actually.
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To su ustvari i probali.
05:42
They've done some experiments
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Proveli su neke eksperimente
05:43
in some major American cities.
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u nekoliko većih američkih gradova.
05:46
In New York, in Chicago, in Washington, D.C.,
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U New Yorku, u Chicagu,
u Washingtonu D.C.,
u Washingtonu D.C.,
05:50
they've tried this, offering 50 dollars for an A,
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su to pokušali nudeći 50 dolara za peticu,
05:54
35 dollars for a B.
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35 dolara za četvorku.
05:56
In Dallas, Texas, they have a program that offers
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U Dallasu, u Texasu, imaju program
koji osmogodišnjacima nudi
dva dolara za svaku pročitanu knjigu.
dva dolara za svaku pročitanu knjigu.
05:59
eight-year-olds two dollars for each book they read.
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06:04
So let's see what -- Some people are in favor,
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Pa da vidimo što -- Neki ljudi podržavaju,
06:07
some people are opposed to this cash incentive
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neki ljudi su protiv
ovog novčanog poticaja
ovog novčanog poticaja
06:10
to motivate achievement.
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za motiviranje uspjeha.
06:12
Let's see what people here think about it.
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Da vidimo što ljudi ovdje misle o tome.
06:14
Imagine that you are the head of a major school system,
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Zamislite da ste ravnatelj
velikog školskog sustava,
velikog školskog sustava,
06:19
and someone comes to you with this proposal.
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i netko vam dođe s tim prijedlogom.
06:22
And let's say it's a foundation. They will provide the funds.
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I recimo da je to fondacija.
Oni će osigurati sredstva.
Oni će osigurati sredstva.
06:24
You don't have to take it out of your budget.
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Vi ne morate trošiti svoj budžet.
06:26
How many would be in favor
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Koliko bi vas bilo za,
06:28
and how many would be opposed to giving it a try?
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a koliko protiv da se to proba?
06:31
Let's see by a show of hands.
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Da vidimo dizanjem ruku.
06:33
First, how many think it might at least be worth a try
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Prvo, koliko vas misli da bi
bar vrijedilo pokušati
bar vrijedilo pokušati
06:36
to see if it would work? Raise your hand.
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da se vidi bi li funkcioniralo?
Podignite ruke.
Podignite ruke.
06:40
And how many would be opposed? How many would --
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A koliko bi vas bilo protiv?
Koliko bi --
Koliko bi --
06:43
So the majority here are opposed,
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Dakle, većina ovdje je protiv,
06:46
but a sizable minority are in favor.
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ali znatna manjina je za.
06:49
Let's have a discussion.
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Hajdemo to prodiskutirati.
06:50
Let's start with those of you who object,
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Počnimo s onima koji su protiv,
06:53
who would rule it out even before trying.
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koji bi to odbacili
i prije no što pokušaju.
i prije no što pokušaju.
06:56
What would be your reason?
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Koji bi bio vaš razlog?
06:58
Who will get our discussion started? Yes?
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Tko će započeti našu diskusiju? Da?
Heike Moses: Dobar dan svima,
ja sam Heike,
ja sam Heike,
07:02
Heike Moses: Hello everyone, I'm Heike,
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07:04
and I think it just kills the intrinsic motivation,
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i ja mislim da to ubija
intrinzičnu motivaciju
intrinzičnu motivaciju
07:06
so in the respect that children, if they would like to read,
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u smislu da ta djeca,
ako bi voljela čitati,
ako bi voljela čitati,
07:12
you just take this incentive away
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vi im samo oduzimate taj poticaj
plaćajući im
plaćajući im
07:14
in just paying them, so it just changes behavior.
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pa to samo mijenja ponašanje.
07:17
Michael Sandel: Takes the intrinsic incentive away.
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Michael Sandel:
Oduzima intrinzičnu inicijativu.
Oduzima intrinzičnu inicijativu.
07:21
What is, or should be, the intrinsic motivation?
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Što je, ili bi trebala biti,
intrinzična motivacija?
intrinzična motivacija?
07:25
HM: Well, the intrinsic motivation
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HM: Pa, intrinzična motivacija
07:26
should be to learn.
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bi trebala biti učenje.
07:28
MS: To learn.
HM: To get to know the world.
HM: To get to know the world.
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MS: Učenje.
HM: Upoznavanje svijeta.
HM: Upoznavanje svijeta.
07:31
And then, if you stop paying them, what happens then?
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A onda, ako ih prestanete plaćati,
što se tada događa?
što se tada događa?
07:34
Then they stop reading?
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Onda oni prestaju čitati?
07:36
MS: Now, let's see if there's someone who favors,
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MS: Da vidimo ima li netko tko je za,
07:39
who thinks it's worth trying this.
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tko misli da to vrijedi pokušati.
07:41
Elizabeth Loftus: I'm Elizabeth Loftus,
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Elizabeth Loftus: Ja sam
Elizabeth Loftus,
Elizabeth Loftus,
07:43
and you said worth a try, so why not try it
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i rekli ste vrijedi pokušati,
pa zašto ne pokušati
pa zašto ne pokušati
07:47
and do the experiment and measure things?
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i provesti eksperiment i izmjeriti stvari?
07:51
MS: And measure. And what would you measure?
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MS: I izmjeriti. A što biste vi mjerili?
07:54
You'd measure how many --
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Mjerili biste koliko --
07:55
EL: How many books they read
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EL: Koliko knjiga su pročitali
07:57
and how many books they continued to read
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i koliko knjiga nastavljaju čitati
nakon što ste im prestali plaćati.
08:00
after you stopped paying them.
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08:02
MS: Oh, after you stopped paying.
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MS: Aha, nakon što ste prestali plaćati.
08:04
All right, what about that?
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Dobro, što mislite o tome?
08:05
HM: To be frank, I just think
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HM: Iskreno, mislim samo da je to
-- ne želim nikoga uvrijediti --
-- ne želim nikoga uvrijediti --
08:07
this is, not to offend anyone, a very American way.
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vrlo američki način.
08:12
(Laughter) (Applause)
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(Smijeh) (Pljesak)
08:18
MS: All right. What's emerged from this discussion
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MS: U redu. Ono što je iskrslo
iz ove diskusije
iz ove diskusije
08:21
is the following question:
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je sljedeće pitanje:
08:23
Will the cash incentive drive out or corrupt
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Hoće li novčani poticaj odagnati,
ili iskvariti,
ili iskvariti,
08:27
or crowd out the higher motivation,
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ili istisnuti višu motivaciju,
08:30
the intrinsic lesson that we hope to convey,
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intrinzičnu lekciju
koju se nadamo prenijeti,
koju se nadamo prenijeti,
08:35
which is to learn to love to learn and to read
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a to je naučiti voljeti učenje i čitanje
08:39
for their own sakes?
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zbog njih samih?
08:41
And people disagree about what the effect will be,
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I ljudi se ne slažu o tome
koji će učinak biti,
koji će učinak biti,
08:45
but that seems to be the question,
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no to je izgleda pitanje,
08:48
that somehow a market mechanism
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da, na neki način, tržišni mehanizam
08:50
or a cash incentive teaches the wrong lesson,
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ili novčani poticaj uči pogrešnu lekciju,
08:55
and if it does, what will become of these children later?
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a ako to čini,
što će biti s tom djecom kasnije?
što će biti s tom djecom kasnije?
08:58
I should tell you what's happened with these experiments.
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Moram vam reći što se dogodilo
s tim eksperimentima.
s tim eksperimentima.
09:02
The cash for good grades has had very mixed results,
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Novac za dobre ocjene imao je
vrlo miješane rezultate,
vrlo miješane rezultate,
09:06
for the most part has not resulted in higher grades.
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uglavnom nije rezultirao boljim ocjenama.
09:09
The two dollars for each book
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Dva dolara za svaku knjigu
09:12
did lead those kids to read more books.
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navela su klince da čitaju više knjiga.
09:15
It also led them to read shorter books.
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Navela su ih također da
čitaju kraće knjige.
čitaju kraće knjige.
09:18
(Laughter)
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(Smijeh)
09:22
But the real question is,
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No pravo pitanje je,
09:23
what will become of these kids later?
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što će s tom djecom biti kasnije?
09:26
Will they have learned that reading is a chore,
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Hoće li oni naučiti
da je čitanje zaduženje,
da je čitanje zaduženje,
09:28
a form of piecework to be done for pay, that's the worry,
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oblik rada koji se plaća po komadu,
to je problem,
to je problem,
09:31
or may it lead them to read maybe for the wrong reason initially
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ili ih to može navesti da čitaju,
možda iz krivih razloga u početku,
možda iz krivih razloga u početku,
09:36
but then lead them to fall in love with reading for its own sake?
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no potom da se zaljube u čitanje
zbog njega samog?
zbog njega samog?
09:41
Now, what this, even this brief debate, brings out
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Ovo što ova, čak i ovako kratka,
rasprava pokazuje
rasprava pokazuje
09:45
is something that many economists overlook.
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nešto je što su mnogi ekonomisti
previdjeli.
previdjeli.
09:49
Economists often assume
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Ekonomisti često pretpostavljaju
09:51
that markets are inert,
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da su tržišta inertna,
09:54
that they do not touch or taint the goods they exchange.
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da ne dotiču niti kvare
robu koju razmjenjuju.
robu koju razmjenjuju.
09:58
Market exchange, they assume,
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Tržišna razmjena, smatraju oni,
10:01
doesn't change the meaning or value
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ne mijenja značenje ili vrijednost
10:04
of the goods being exchanged.
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roba koje se razmjenjuju.
10:05
This may be true enough
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To doduše može biti istina
10:07
if we're talking about material goods.
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ako govorimo o materijalnoj robi.
10:09
If you sell me a flat screen television
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Ako mi prodate plazma televizor,
10:12
or give me one as a gift,
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ili mi ga poklonite,
10:14
it will be the same good.
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to će biti ista roba.
10:15
It will work the same either way.
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Radit će jednako u oba slučaja.
10:18
But the same may not be true
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Ali, isto možda nije istina
10:20
if we're talking about nonmaterial goods
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ako govorimo o nematerijalnoj robi
i društvenim praksama
i društvenim praksama
10:23
and social practices such as teaching and learning
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kao što su podučavanje i učenje
10:27
or engaging together in civic life.
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ili zajedničko sudjelovanje
u građanskom životu.
u građanskom životu.
10:30
In those domains, bringing market mechanisms
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U tim područjima,
uvođenje tržišnih mehanizama
i novčanih poticaja
i novčanih poticaja
10:34
and cash incentives may undermine
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moglo bi potkopati ili istisnuti
nematerijalne vrijednosti i stavove
nematerijalne vrijednosti i stavove
10:38
or crowd out nonmarket values and attitudes
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10:42
worth caring about.
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koje vrijedi njegovati.
10:44
Once we see
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Jednom kada uvidimo
10:47
that markets and commerce,
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da tržište i trgovina,
10:50
when extended beyond the material domain,
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kada se prošire izvan materijalne domene,
10:54
can change the character of the goods themselves,
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mogu mijenjati karakter samih roba,
10:59
can change the meaning of the social practices,
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mogu mijenjati značenje
društvenih praksi,
društvenih praksi,
11:02
as in the example of teaching and learning,
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kao u primjeru o podučavanju i učenju,
11:05
we have to ask where markets belong
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moramo upitati gdje tržišta pripadaju,
11:10
and where they don't,
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a gdje ne pripadaju,
11:12
where they may actually undermine
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gdje zapravo mogu potkopati
11:14
values and attitudes worth caring about.
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vrijednosti i stavove
koje vrijedi njegovati.
koje vrijedi njegovati.
11:17
But to have this debate,
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No za takvu raspravu
11:21
we have to do something we're not very good at,
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trebali bismo učiniti nešto
u čemu nismo jako dobri,
u čemu nismo jako dobri,
11:24
and that is to reason together in public
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a to je da prosuđujemo zajedno u javnosti
11:28
about the value and the meaning
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o vrijednostima i značenju
11:31
of the social practices we prize,
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društvenih praksi koje cijenimo,
11:35
from our bodies to family life
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od naših tijela do obiteljskog života
11:37
to personal relations to health
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do osobnih odnosa do zdravlja
11:39
to teaching and learning to civic life.
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do podučavanja i učenja
do građanskog života.
do građanskog života.
11:43
Now these are controversial questions,
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To su kontraverzna pitanja,
11:46
and so we tend to shrink from them.
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pa ih nastojimo izbjegavati.
11:49
In fact, during the past three decades,
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U stvari, tijekom zadnja tri desetljeća
11:52
when market reasoning and market thinking
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kada je tržišno zaključivanje
i tržišno razmišljanje
i tržišno razmišljanje
11:54
have gathered force and gained prestige,
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dobilo zamah i steklo ugled,
11:58
our public discourse during this time
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naš javni diskurs je za to vrijeme
12:01
has become hollowed out,
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postao isprazan,
12:03
empty of larger moral meaning.
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lišen dubljeg moralnog značenja.
12:07
For fear of disagreement, we shrink from these questions.
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Zbog straha od nesuglasica,
mi izbjegavamo takva pitanja.
mi izbjegavamo takva pitanja.
12:10
But once we see that markets
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No jednom kada uvidimo da tržišta
12:14
change the character of goods,
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mijenjaju karakter roba,
12:16
we have to debate among ourselves
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moramo među sobom raspraviti
12:21
these bigger questions
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ta šira pitanja
12:23
about how to value goods.
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o tome kako vrednovati robu.
12:25
One of the most corrosive effects
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Jedan od najkorozivnijih učinaka
12:28
of putting a price on everything
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dodjeljivanja cijene svemu
12:31
is on commonality,
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je na zajedništvo,
12:33
the sense that we are all in it together.
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osjećaj da smo u tome svi zajedno.
12:36
Against the background of rising inequality,
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U prilikama rastuće nejednakosti
12:41
marketizing every aspect of life
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marketizacija svakog aspekta života
12:45
leads to a condition where those who are affluent
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vodi situaciji u kojoj oni bogati
12:50
and those who are of modest means
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i oni s skromnijim sredstvima
12:52
increasingly live separate lives.
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sve više žive odvojene živote.
12:57
We live and work and shop and play
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Mi živimo i radimo i kupujemo i igramo se
13:00
in different places.
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na različitim mjestima.
13:02
Our children go to different schools.
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Naša djeca idu u različite škole.
13:05
This isn't good for democracy,
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To nije dobro za demokraciju
13:07
nor is it a satisfying way to live,
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niti je to zadovoljavajući način života
13:10
even for those of us who can afford
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čak i za one od nas koji si mogu priuštiti
13:13
to buy our way to the head of the line.
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da kupe prvo mjesto u redu.
13:16
Here's why.
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Evo zašto.
13:18
Democracy does not require perfect equality,
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Demokracija ne zahtijeva
savršenu jednakost,
savršenu jednakost,
13:23
but what it does require
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ali ono što zahtijeva
13:25
is that citizens share in a common life.
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je da građani dijele zajednički život.
13:28
What matters is that people
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Ono što je važno
je da ljudi iz
različitih društvenih slojeva
različitih društvenih slojeva
13:31
of different social backgrounds
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13:33
and different walks of life
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i različitih profesija
13:34
encounter one another,
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susreću jedni druge,
13:37
bump up against one another
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nailaze jedno na drugo
13:39
in the ordinary course of life,
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tijekom svakodnevnog života
13:42
because this is what teaches us
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jer nas to uči
13:45
to negotiate and to abide our differences.
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da prevladamo i toleriramo naše razlike.
13:49
And this is how we come to care for the common good.
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I tako ćemo početi skrbiti
za zajedničko dobro.
za zajedničko dobro.
13:53
And so, in the end, the question of markets
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I, na kraju, pitanje tržišta
13:56
is not mainly an economic question.
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uglavnom nije ekonomsko pitanje.
14:00
It's really a question of how we want to live together.
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To je ustvari pitanje kako
želimo živjeti zajedno.
želimo živjeti zajedno.
14:04
Do we want a society where everything is up for sale,
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Želimo li društvo u kojem
je sve na prodaju
je sve na prodaju
14:09
or are there certain moral and civic goods
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ili postoje određene
moralne i građanske robe
moralne i građanske robe
14:12
that markets do not honor
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koje tržište ne poštuje
14:14
and money cannot buy?
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i novac ne može kupiti?
14:17
Thank you very much.
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Puno vam hvala.
14:19
(Applause)
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(Pljesak)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Michael Sandel - Political philosopherMichael Sandel teaches political philosophy at Harvard, exploring some of the most hotly contested moral and political issues of our time.
Why you should listen
Michael Sandel is one of the best known American public intellectuals. The London Observer calls him "one of the most popular teachers in the world" and indeed his lectures at Harvard draw thousands of students eager to discuss big questions of modern political life: bioethics, torture, rights versus responsibilities, the value we put on things. Sandel's class is a primer on thinking through the hard choices we face as citizens. The course has been turned into a public TV series with companion website and book: Justice: What’s the Right Thing to Do? In his newest book, What Money Can't Buy, he challenges the idea that markets are morally neutral.
"To understand the importance of his purpose," a Guardian reviewer wrote of the book, "you first have to grasp the full extent of the triumph achieved by market thinking in economics, and the extent to which that thinking has spread to other domains. This school sees economics as a discipline that has nothing to do with morality, and is instead the study of incentives, considered in an ethical vacuum. Sandel's book is, in its calm way, an all-out assault on that idea, and on the influential doctrine that the economic approach to "utility maximisation" explains all human behaviour."
Read more about his thinking on markets and morality: "Lunch with Michael Sandel" on FT.com >>
Michael Sandel | Speaker | TED.com