TEDxHousesOfParliament
David Puttnam: Does the media have a "duty of care"?
GOVORNIK: David Puttnam: Što se događa kad je profit prioritet medija?
Filmed:
Readability: 5.4
935,362 views
U ovom promišljenom govoru, David Puttnam postavlja veliko pitanje o medijima: imaju li moralni imperativ stvarati informirane građane ili slobodno mogu juriti za profitom po svaku cijenu, kao i ostala poduzeća? Njegovo rješenje za uravnoteženje profita i dogovornosti je odvažno... i možda se s njime nećete složiti. (Snimljeno u TEDxHousesofParliament.)
David Puttnam - Producer
After a much-awarded career as a film producer, Lord David Puttnam now works at the intersection of education, media and policy. Full bio
After a much-awarded career as a film producer, Lord David Puttnam now works at the intersection of education, media and policy. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:12
I'd like to start, if I may,
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Ako smijem, počeo bih
00:14
with the story of the Paisley snail.
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s pričom o pužu iz Paisleya.
00:17
On the evening of the 26th of August, 1928,
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Uvečer 26. kolovoza 1928.,
00:20
May Donoghue took a train from Glasgow
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May Donoghue je pošla vlakom iz Glasgowa
00:22
to the town of Paisley, seven miles east of the city,
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za gradić Paisley, 11 kilometara od grada,
00:25
and there at the Wellmeadow Café,
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i ondje je u kafiću Wellmeadow Café,
00:27
she had a Scots ice cream float,
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pojela Scots sladoledni kup,
00:30
a mix of ice cream and ginger beer
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mješavinu sladoleda i piva od đumbira
00:32
bought for her by a friend.
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kojom ju je častio prijatelj.
00:34
The ginger beer came in a brown, opaque bottle
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Đumbirovo pivo je bilo u smeđoj, neprozirnoj boci
00:36
labeled "D. Stevenson, Glen Lane, Paisley."
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s natpisom "D. Stevenson, Glen Lane, Paisley."
00:40
She drank some of the ice cream float,
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Popila je nešto sladoleda,
00:42
but as the remaining ginger beer was poured
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ali dok se đumbirovo pivo nalijevalo
00:44
into her tumbler,
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u njezinu čašu,
00:46
a decomposed snail
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poluraspadnuti puž
00:48
floated to the surface of her glass.
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je isplutao na površinu čaše.
00:51
Three days later, she was admitted
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Tri dana kasnije, primljena je
00:52
to the Glasgow Royal Infirmary
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u bolnicu Glasgow Royal Infirmary
00:54
and diagnosed with severe gastroenteritis
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s dijagnozom ozbiljnog gastroenteritisa
00:56
and shock.
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i šoka.
00:58
The case of Donoghue vs. Stevenson that followed
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Proces Donoghue protiv Stevensona koji je uslijedio
01:01
set a very important legal precedent:
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postavio je važan pravni presedan:
01:04
Stevenson, the manufacturer of the ginger beer,
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Smatralo se da je Stevenson,
proizvođač đumbirovog piva,
proizvođač đumbirovog piva,
01:05
was held to have a clear duty of care
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imao jasnu obvezu dužne pažnje
01:08
towards May Donoghue,
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spram May Donoghue,
01:10
even though there was no contract between them,
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premda nije bilo ugovora među njima,
01:12
and, indeed, she hadn't even bought the drink.
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a ona, zapravo, i nije kupila piće.
01:14
One of the judges, Lord Atkin, described it like this:
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Jedan od sudaca, Lord Atkin,
opisao je to ovako:
opisao je to ovako:
01:17
You must take care to avoid acts or omissions
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Morate se pobrinuti da izbjegnete činidbe
ili propuste činjenja
ili propuste činjenja
01:20
which you can reasonably foresee
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za koje se razumno može predvidjeti
01:22
would be likely to injure your neighbor.
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da postoji vjerojatnost da će
naškoditi bližnjemu.
naškoditi bližnjemu.
01:26
Indeed, one wonders that without a duty of care,
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Zaista, možemo se zapitati
koliko bi ljudi,
koliko bi ljudi,
01:28
how many people would have had to suffer
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bez dužne pažnje, moralo trpjeti
01:30
from gastroenteritis before Stevenson
eventually went out of business.
eventually went out of business.
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od gastroenteritisa prije nego što bi
Stevenson napokon morao izaći iz tog posla.
Stevenson napokon morao izaći iz tog posla.
01:33
Now please hang on to that Paisley snail story,
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Upamtite priču o pužu iz Paisleya,
01:36
because it's an important principle.
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jer je riječ o važnom načelu.
01:39
Last year, the Hansard Society,
a nonpartisan charity
a nonpartisan charity
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Prošle godine, Hansard Society,
neovisno dobrotvorno društvo
neovisno dobrotvorno društvo
01:42
which seeks to strengthen parliamentary democracy
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koje nastoji ojačati parlamentarnu
demokraciju
demokraciju
01:44
and encourage greater public involvement in politics
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i ohrabriti jače sudjelovanje
javnosti u politici,
javnosti u politici,
01:47
published, alongside their annual audit
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objavilo je, uz svoje godišnje izvješće
01:49
of political engagement, an additional section
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o političkom angažmanu, dodatak
01:52
devoted entirely to politics and the media.
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posvećen u cijelosti politici i medijima.
01:55
Here are a couple of rather depressing observations
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Evo nekoliko prilično depresivnih nalaza
01:58
from that survey.
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iz tog istraživanja.
02:00
Tabloid newspapers do not appear
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Ne izgleda da tabloidi
02:02
to advance the political citizenship of their readers,
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izgrađuju politički svjesnije čitatelje,
02:05
relative even to those
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čak ni u usporedbi s onima
02:06
who read no newspapers whatsoever.
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koji uopće ne čitaju novine.
02:10
Tabloid-only readers are twice as likely to agree
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Čitatelji koji čitaju samo tabloide dvostruko su skloniji
02:12
with a negative view of politics
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gledati negativno na politiku
02:14
than readers of no newspapers.
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od onih koji uopće ne čitaju novine.
02:17
They're not just less politically engaged.
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Oni nisu samo manje politički angažirani.
02:19
They are consuming media that reinforces
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Oni su potrošači medija koji pojačavaju
02:21
their negative evaluation of politics,
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njihov negativan stav o politici
02:23
thereby contributing to a fatalistic and cynical
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i time doprinose fatalističkom i ciničnom stavu
02:26
attitude to democracy and their own role within it.
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prema demokraciji i njihovoj vlastitoj ulozi u njoj.
02:30
Little wonder that the report concluded that
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Nije ni čudo da je izvješće zaključilo da
02:32
in this respect, the press, particularly the tabloids,
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u tom pogledu tisak, naročito tabloidi,
02:35
appear not to be living up to the importance
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nisu dorasli važnosti
02:37
of their role in our democracy.
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njihove uloge u demokraciji.
02:40
Now I doubt if anyone in this room would seriously
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Sumnjam da bi itko u ovoj prostoriji
02:42
challenge that view.
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ozbiljno osporio to gledište.
02:44
But if Hansard are right, and they usually are,
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Ali ako su u Hansardu u pravu, a obično jesu,
02:46
then we've got a very serious problem on our hands,
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tada smo suočeni s vrlo ozbiljnim problemom,
02:48
and it's one that I'd like to spend the next 10 minutes
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i na njega bih se htio usredotočiti
02:51
focusing upon.
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u narednih 10 minuta.
02:53
Since the Paisley snail,
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Od slučaja puža u Paisleyu,
02:55
and especially over the past decade or so,
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a naročito u posljednjem desetljeću,
02:57
a great deal of thinking has been developed
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mnogo se razmišljanja posvetilo
02:59
around the notion of a duty of care
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pojmu dužne pažnje,
03:01
as it relates to a number of aspects of civil society.
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jer se on odnosi na brojne
aspekte građanskog društva.
aspekte građanskog društva.
03:03
Generally a duty of care arises when one individual
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Općenito, dužna pažnja je važna kada pojedinac
03:06
or a group of individuals undertakes an activity
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ili skupina poduzima aktivnost
03:09
which has the potential to cause harm to another,
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koja ima potencijal naškoditi drugome,
03:11
either physically, mentally or economically.
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fizički, mentalno ili ekonomski.
03:14
This is principally focused on obvious areas,
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Ona je prvenstveno usmjerena na očigledna područja,
03:17
such as our empathetic response
to children and young people,
to children and young people,
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kao što je naša empatična reakcija
na djecu i mlade,
na djecu i mlade,
03:20
to our service personnel, and
to the elderly and infirm.
to the elderly and infirm.
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na uslužno osoblje i
na starije i slabe.
na starije i slabe.
03:22
It is seldom, if ever, extended
to equally important arguments
to equally important arguments
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Rijetko se, ako ikada, primjenjuje
na jednako važno područje
na jednako važno područje
03:26
around the fragility of our
present system of government,
present system of government,
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krhkosti našeg sadašnjeg
sustava upravljanja,
sustava upravljanja,
03:31
to the notion that honesty, accuracy and impartiality
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ideju da su poštenje, točnost i nepristranost
03:34
are fundamental to the process of building
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fundamentalne za proces izgradnje
03:36
and embedding an informed,
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i zaokruživanja informirane,
03:38
participatory democracy.
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participativne demokracije.
03:41
And the more you think about it,
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Što više o tome mislite,
03:42
the stranger that is.
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to izgleda čudnije.
03:44
A couple of years ago, I had the pleasure
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Prije nekoliko godina, imao sam zadovoljstvo
03:46
of opening a brand new school
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otvoriti posve novu školu
03:47
in the northeast of England.
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na sjeveroistoku Engleske.
03:49
It had been renamed by its pupils as Academy 360.
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Učenici su je nazvali Akademija 360.
03:52
As I walked through their impressive,
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Dok sam prolazio kroz impresivni,
03:54
glass-covered atrium,
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zastakljeni atrij škole,
03:56
in front of me, emblazoned on the wall
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preda mnom, na zidu je pisalo,
03:57
in letters of fire
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vatrenim slovima,
03:59
was Marcus Aurelius's famous injunction:
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slavna uputa Marka Aurelija:
04:02
If it's not true, don't say it;
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Ako nije istina, ne reci;
04:05
if it's not right, don't do it.
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ako nije ispravno, ne čini.
04:08
The head teacher saw me staring at it,
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Glavni učitelj je primijetio da zurim u to,
04:10
and he said, "Oh, that's our school motto."
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i rekao, "O, to je moto naše škole."
04:13
On the train back to London,
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Vraćajući se vlakom za London,
04:15
I couldn't get it out of my mind.
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nisam natpis mogao izbaciti iz glave.
04:16
I kept thinking, can it really have taken us
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Razmišljao sam, zar nam je zaista trebalo
04:19
over 2,000 years to come to terms
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više od 2.000 godina da usvojimo
04:21
with that simple notion
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tu jednostavnu ideju
04:23
as being our minimum expectation of each other?
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kao minimum koji očekujemo jedni od drugih?
04:26
Isn't it time that we develop this concept
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Nije li vrijeme da razvijemo koncept
04:29
of a duty of care
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dužne pažnje
04:30
and extended it to include a care
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i proširimo ga da obuhvati
04:33
for our shared but increasingly
endangered democratic values?
endangered democratic values?
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i demokratske vrijednosti koje
dijelimo ali su sve ugroženije?
dijelimo ali su sve ugroženije?
04:36
After all, the absence of a duty of care
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Napokon, pomanjkanje dužne pažnje
04:38
within many professions
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u mnogim zanimanjima
04:39
can all too easily amount to
accusations of negligence,
accusations of negligence,
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može lako dovesti do
optužbi za nemar,
optužbi za nemar,
04:42
and that being the case, can we be
really comfortable with the thought
really comfortable with the thought
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i kada je tako, možemo li
zaista spokojno prihvatiti pomisao
zaista spokojno prihvatiti pomisao
04:45
that we're in effect being negligent
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da smo zapravo nemarni
04:47
in respect of the health of our own societies
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prema zdravlju naših društava
04:50
and the values that necessarily underpin them?
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i vrijednosti koje ih nužno drže na okupu?
04:53
Could anyone honestly suggest, on the evidence,
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Može li itko pošteno sugerirati,
na temelju dokaza,
na temelju dokaza,
04:56
that the same media which
Hansard so roundly condemned
Hansard so roundly condemned
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da su mediji koje je Hansard
tako zbirno osudio
tako zbirno osudio
04:59
have taken sufficient care to avoid behaving
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postupali s dužnom pažnjom kako bi izbjegli
05:02
in ways which they could reasonably have foreseen
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sve postupke za koje su razumno mogli predvidjeti
05:06
would be likely to undermine or even damage
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da će potkopati ili naškoditi
05:08
our inherently fragile democratic settlement.
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našem inherentno krhkom demokratskom ustroju.
05:11
Now there will be those who will argue
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Ima onih koji će tvrditi
05:13
that this could all too easily drift into a form
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da se ovo lako može preokrenutiu neki oblik
05:15
of censorship, albeit self-censorship,
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cenzure, možda samo-cenzure,
05:17
but I don't buy that argument.
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ali ja ne prihvaćam taj argument.
05:19
It has to be possible
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Mora biti moguće
05:21
to balance freedom of expression
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postići ravnotežu između slobode izražavanja
05:23
with wider moral and social responsibilities.
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i šire moralne i društvene odgovornosti.
05:26
Let me explain why by taking the example
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Dopustite mi da objasnim na primjeru
05:28
from my own career as a filmmaker.
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moje vlastite filmske karijere.
05:31
Throughout that career, I never accepted
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U svojoj karijeri, nikad nisam prihvatio
05:32
that a filmmaker should set about putting
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da bi filmaš ikada trebao izići
05:34
their own work outside or above what he or she
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sa svojim djelom izvan ili iznad onoga što smatra
05:37
believed to be a decent set of values
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pristojnim sustavom vrijednosti
05:39
for their own life, their own family,
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u svom životu, za svoju obitelj,
05:42
and the future of the society in which we all live.
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i za budućnost društva u kojem živi.
05:46
I'd go further.
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Idem i dalje.
05:47
A responsible filmmaker should
never devalue their work
never devalue their work
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Odgovorni filmski stvaralac
ne treba nikada obezvrijediti svoj rad
ne treba nikada obezvrijediti svoj rad
05:51
to a point at which it becomes less than true
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do mjere u kojoj taj više ne govori istinu
05:53
to the world they themselves wish to inhabit.
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o svijetu u kojem bi on želio živjeti.
05:56
As I see it, filmmakers, journalists, even bloggers
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Po meni, filmaši, novinari, čak i blogeri,
06:00
are all required to face up to the social expectations
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moraju se uzdići do društvenih očekivanja
06:02
that come with combining the
intrinsic power of their medium
intrinsic power of their medium
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koja proizlaze iz kombinacije
suštinske moći njihovog medija
suštinske moći njihovog medija
06:06
with their well-honed professional skills.
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i njihovih profesionalnih vještina.
06:09
Obviously this is not a mandated duty,
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Očigledno, to nije propisana dužnost,
06:12
but for the gifted filmmaker
and the responsible journalist
and the responsible journalist
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ali mislim da nadareni filmaš
i odgovorni novinar,
i odgovorni novinar,
06:15
or even blogger, it strikes me
as being utterly inescapable.
as being utterly inescapable.
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čak i bloger, ne mogu izbjeći
postupati na takav način.
postupati na takav način.
06:18
We should always remember that our notion
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Ne smijemo zaboraviti da je naš pojam
06:21
of individual freedom and
its partner, creative freedom,
its partner, creative freedom,
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osobne slobode i
njene partnerice, kreativne slobode,
njene partnerice, kreativne slobode,
06:24
is comparatively new
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relativno nov
06:26
in the history of Western ideas,
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u povijesti zapadne misli,
06:28
and for that reason, it's often undervalued
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i zato je često podcijenjen
06:30
and can be very quickly undermined.
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i može ga se lako podrovati.
06:32
It's a prize easily lost,
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Tu nagradu možemo lako izgubiti,
06:34
and once lost, once surrendered,
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a kad je jednom izgubimo, predamo,
06:36
it can prove very, very hard to reclaim.
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možda ćemo je vrlo, vrlo teško povratiti.
06:40
And its first line of defense
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Prva linija obrane
06:41
has to be our own standards,
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moraju biti naši vlastiti standardi,
06:43
not those enforced on us by a censor or legislation,
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ne oni na koje nas sile cenzura ili propisi,
06:47
our own standards and our own integrity.
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naši standardi i naš integritet.
06:49
Our integrity as we deal with those
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Naš integritet u postupanju
06:51
with whom we work
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sa svojim suradnicima
06:52
and our own standards as we operate within society.
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i naši standardi kojih se držimo u društvu.
06:56
And these standards of ours
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A ti standardi
06:58
need to be all of a piece with
a sustainable social agenda.
a sustainable social agenda.
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moraju biti u skladu
s održivim društvenim ciljevima.
s održivim društvenim ciljevima.
07:01
They're part of a collective responsibility,
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Oni su dio kolektivne odgovornosti,
07:03
the responsibility of the artist or the journalist
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odgovornosti umjetnika ili novinara
07:05
to deal with the world as it really is,
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u odnosu prema svijetu kakav on stvarno jest,
07:07
and this, in turn, must go hand in hand
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što, također, mora biti usklađeno
07:10
with the responsibility of those governing society
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s odgovornošću onih koji upravljaju društvom
07:12
to also face up to that world,
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i koji će se uhvatiti u koštac s tim svijetom,
07:14
and not to be tempted to misappropriate
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a ne podleći iskušenju i zloupotrijebiti
07:17
the causes of its ills.
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uzroke svjetskih nevolja.
07:19
Yet, as has become strikingly clear
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No, kako je postalo jasno
07:22
over the last couple of years,
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u posljednjih nekoliko godina,
07:24
such responsibility has to a very great extent
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velik se dio medija te odgovornosti
07:26
been abrogated by large sections of the media.
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u značajnoj mjeri odrekao.
07:29
And as a consequence, across the Western world,
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Posljedica je, da širom Zapadnog svijeta
07:31
the over-simplistic policies of the parties of protest
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imamo pojednostavljene politike
stranaka koje prosvjeduju
stranaka koje prosvjeduju
07:34
and their appeal to a largely disillusioned,
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i privlače posvemašnje zavaranu,
07:37
older demographic,
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stariju dobnu skupinu,
07:38
along with the apathy and obsession with the trivial
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te imamo apatiju i zaokupljenost trivijalnostima
07:40
that typifies at least some of the young,
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karakterističnu za barem dio mladih;
07:42
taken together, these and other similarly
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uzete zajedno, ti i slični
07:44
contemporary aberrations
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suvremeni poremećaji
07:46
are threatening to squeeze the life
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prijete uništiti
07:48
out of active, informed debate and engagement,
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aktivnu, informiranu debatu i angažiranost,
07:52
and I stress active.
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pri čemu naglašavam - aktivnu.
07:55
The most ardent of libertarians might argue
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Najzagriženiji libertini bi mogli tvrditi
07:57
that Donoghue v. Stevenson should
have been thrown out of court
have been thrown out of court
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da je slučaj Donoghue protiv Stevensona
trebao biti odbačen
trebao biti odbačen
08:00
and that Stevenson would eventually
have gone out of business
have gone out of business
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i da bi Stevensonov posao
naposlijetku propao
naposlijetku propao
08:02
if he'd continued to sell ginger beer with snails in it.
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da je nastavio prodavati đumbirovo
pivo s plutajućim puževima.
pivo s plutajućim puževima.
08:05
But most of us, I think, accept some small role
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Ali većina nas, mislim, prihvaća neku manju ulogu
08:09
for the state to enforce a duty of care,
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države u provedbi obveze dužne pažnje,
08:12
and the key word here is reasonable.
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a ključni pojam je u razumnoj mjeri.
08:15
Judges must ask, did they take reasonable care
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Suci moraju pitati, je li se vodila briga u razumnoj mjeri
08:18
and could they have reasonably foreseen
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i da li su se posljedice činjenja mogle predvidjeti
08:20
the consequences of their actions?
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u razumnoj mjeri?
08:22
Far from signifying overbearing state power,
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To ne znači preveliku moć države,
08:25
it's that small common sense test of reasonableness
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već test zdravog razuma
08:28
that I'd like us to apply to those in the media
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koji bih volio da primijenimo na medije
08:31
who, after all, set the tone and the content
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koji, na koncu, daju i sadržaj i ton
08:33
for much of our democratic discourse.
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mnogih naših demokratskih promišljanja.
08:36
Democracy, in order to work, requires that
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Demokracija, da bi funkcionirala, zahtijeva da
08:39
reasonable men and women take
the time to understand and debate
the time to understand and debate
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razumni muškarci i žene posvete
vrijeme razumijevanju i raspravi
vrijeme razumijevanju i raspravi
08:42
difficult, sometimes complex issues,
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teških, katkada složenih pitanja,
08:44
and they do so in an atmosphere which strives
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i da to čine u atmosferi koja omogućava
08:47
for the type of understanding that leads to,
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onu vrstu razumijevanja koje vodi,
08:49
if not agreement, then at least a productive
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ako ne slaganju, a ono barem k produktivnom
08:51
and workable compromise.
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i ostvarivom kompromisu.
08:54
Politics is about choices,
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U politici je riječ o izboru,
08:56
and within those choices, politics is about priorities.
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a unutar izbora, riječ je o prioritetima.
09:00
It's about reconciling conflicting preferences
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Treba uskladiti suprotstavljene preferencije,
09:02
wherever and whenever possibly based on fact.
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kad god je moguće, na temelju činjenica.
09:08
But if the facts themselves are distorted,
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Ali ako su same činjenice izobličene,
09:10
the resolutions are likely only
to create further conflict,
to create further conflict,
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rješenja će vjerojatno
dovesti do novih sukoba,
dovesti do novih sukoba,
09:14
with all the stresses and strains on society
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sa svim pritiscima i napetostima u društvu
09:16
that inevitably follow.
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koji tada neizostavno slijede.
09:18
The media have to decide:
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Mediji moraju odlučiti:
09:20
Do they see their role as being to inflame
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vide li svoju ulogu u tome da raspaljuju
09:23
or to inform?
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ili da informiraju?
09:25
Because in the end, it comes down to a combination
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Jer na koncu, sve se svodi na kombinaciju
09:28
of trust and leadership.
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povjerenja i liderstva.
09:31
Fifty years ago this week,
President John F. Kennedy
President John F. Kennedy
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Prije pedeset godina,
predsjednik John F. Kennedy
predsjednik John F. Kennedy
09:33
made two epoch-making speeches,
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održao je dva povijesna govora,
09:35
the first on disarmament
and the second on civil rights.
and the second on civil rights.
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prvi o razoružanju,
a drugi o građanskim pravima.
a drugi o građanskim pravima.
09:38
The first led almost immediately
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Prvi je gotovo smjesta doveo do
09:41
to the Nuclear Test Ban Treaty,
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Sporazuma o zabrani nuklearnih pokusa,
09:42
and the second led to the 1964 Civil Rights Act,
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a drugi do Zakona o građanskim pravima iz 1964.
09:45
both of which represented giant leaps forward.
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Oba su predstavljala silan napredak.
09:49
Democracy, well-led and well-informed,
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Demokracija, s dobrim vodstvom
i dostupnim informacijama,
i dostupnim informacijama,
09:51
can achieve very great things,
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može postići velike stvari,
09:54
but there's a precondition.
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ali postoji jedan preduvjet.
09:55
We have to trust that those making those decisions
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Moramo vjerovati da oni koji donose odluke
09:59
are acting in the best interest not of themselves
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ne djeluju u najboljem interesu sebe samih
10:01
but of the whole of the people.
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već svih ljudi.
10:03
We need factually-based options,
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Treba nam izbor utemeljen na činjenicama,
10:06
clearly laid out,
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jasno obrazložen,
10:07
not those of a few powerful
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ne izbor nekoliko moćnih
10:09
and potentially manipulative corporations
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i potencijalno manipulativnih korporacija
10:11
pursuing their own frequently narrow agendas,
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koji ostvaruju svoje, često uske, ciljeve,
10:13
but accurate, unprejudiced information
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nego točne, objektivne informacije
10:16
with which to make our own judgments.
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na temelju kojih ćemo donijeti vlastiti sud.
10:18
If we want to provide decent, fulfilling lives
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Ako želimo dostojan, ispunjen život
10:20
for our children and our children's children,
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za našu djecu i djecu naše djece,
10:22
we need to exercise to the
very greatest degree possible
very greatest degree possible
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moramo u najvećoj mogućoj
mjeri provoditi
mjeri provoditi
10:25
that duty of care for a vibrant,
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dužnu pažnju radi žive
10:27
and hopefully a lasting, democracy.
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i nadam se trajne demokracije.
10:30
Thank you very much for listening to me.
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Hvala što ste me saslušali.
10:32
(Applause)
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(Pljesak)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
David Puttnam - ProducerAfter a much-awarded career as a film producer, Lord David Puttnam now works at the intersection of education, media and policy.
Why you should listen
David Puttnam spent thirty years as an independent producer of award-winning films, including The Mission, The Killing Fields, Local Hero, Chariots of Fire, Midnight Express, Bugsy Malone and Memphis Belle. His films have won ten Oscars, 25 Baftas and the Palme D'Or at Cannes.
He retired from film production in 1998 to focus on his work in public policy as it relates to education, the environment, and the creative and communications industries. In 1998 he founded the National Teaching Awards, which he chaired until 2008, also serving as the first Chair of the General Teaching Council from 2000 to 2002. From July 2002 to July 2009 he was president of UNICEF UK, playing a key role in promoting UNICEF’s advocacy and awareness objectives.
David Puttnam | Speaker | TED.com