TED2014
Shai Reshef: An ultra-low-cost college degree
Shai Reshef: Iznimno pristupačna fakultetska diploma
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Na online sveučilištu University of the People, bilo tko sa srednjom stručnom spremom moze pohađati nastavu za stupanj visokog obrazovanja iz poslovne administracije ili informatike - bez standardnih troškova školarine (iako se ispiti plaćaju). Osnivač Shai Rashef se nada kako se visoko obrazovanje mijenja iz "privilegije za nekolicinu u osnovno pravo, pristupačno i dostupno svima."
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:12
I would like to share with you
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Želio bih podijeliti s vama
00:14
a new model of higher education,
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novi model visokog obrazovanja,
00:17
a model that, once expanded,
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model koji, nakon što je proširen,
00:20
can enhance the collective intelligence
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može poboljšati kolektivno znanje
00:22
of millions of creative and motivated individuals
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milijuna kreativnih
i motiviranih pojedinaca
i motiviranih pojedinaca
00:26
that otherwise would be left behind.
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koji bi u suprotnom bili zanemareni.
00:29
Look at the world.
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Pogledajte svijet.
00:31
Pick up a place and focus on it.
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Odaberite mjesto
i usredotočite se na njega.
00:34
You will find humans chasing higher education.
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Pronaći ćete osobe u potjeri
za visokim obrazovanjem
00:38
Let's meet some of them.
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Upoznajmo neke od njih.
00:40
Patrick.
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Patrick
Patrick je rođen u Liberiji,
00:42
Patrick was born in Liberia
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u obitelji sa dvadesetoro djece
00:44
to a family of 20 children.
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00:47
During the civil war, he and his family were forced
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Tijekom građanskog rata,
on i njegova obitelj bili su prisiljeni
pobjeći u Nigeriju.
00:52
to flee to Nigeria.
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Usprkos svojoj situaciji,
00:54
There, in spite of his situation,
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završio je srednju školu,
s gotovo savršenim ocjenama.
s gotovo savršenim ocjenama.
00:57
he graduated high school with nearly perfect grades.
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Želio je nastaviti školovanje
prema visokom obrazovanju
prema visokom obrazovanju
01:01
He wanted to continue to higher education,
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01:04
but due to his family
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ali zbog njegove obitelji
01:05
living on the poverty line,
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koja živi na granici siromaštva,
ubrzo je poslan u Južnu Afriku
01:07
he was soon sent to South Africa
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kako bi radio i mogao poslati novac
01:09
to work and send back money
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01:12
to feed his family.
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koji će prehraniti njegovu obitelj.
Patrick se nikada nije odrekao
svoga snova o visokom obrazovanju.
svoga snova o visokom obrazovanju.
01:15
Patrick never gave up his dream of higher education.
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Kasno navečer, nakon posla,
01:18
Late at night, after work,
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01:21
he surfed the Net looking for ways to study.
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pretraživao je Internet u potrazi
za načinima kako bi studirao.
za načinima kako bi studirao.
Upoznajte Debbie.
01:25
Meet Debbie.
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Debbie je sa Floride.
01:26
Debbie is from Florida.
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01:29
Her parents didn't go to college,
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Njeni roditelji nisu pohađali fakultet,
01:31
and neither did any of her siblings.
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kao i nitko od njezinih braće i sestara.
Debbie je radila cijeli život,
01:34
Debbie has worked all her life,
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plaćala porez, uzdržavala sama
iz mjeseca u mjesec,
iz mjeseca u mjesec,
01:38
pays taxes, supports herself month to month,
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ponosna na američki san,
01:41
proud of the American dream,
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san koji jednostavno nije bio potpun
01:44
a dream that just won't be complete
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bez visokog obrazovanja.
01:46
without higher education.
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Ali, Debbie nema ušteđevine
01:48
But Debbie doesn't have the savings
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potrebne za visoko obrazovanje.
01:51
for higher education.
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01:52
She can't pay the tuition.
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Ona ne može platiti školarinu.
Niti napustiti posao.
01:54
Neither could she leave work.
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01:57
Meet Wael.
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Upoznajte Waela.
Wael je iz Sirije.
01:59
Wael is from Syria.
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On je iz prve ruke mogao iskusiti
02:01
He's firsthand experiencing
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bijedu, strah i neuspjeh
02:05
the misery, fear and failure
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koji su nametnuti na njegovu zemlju.
02:07
imposed on his country.
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On duboko vjeruje u obrazovanje.
02:10
He's a big believer in education.
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02:13
He knew that if he would find an opportunity
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Znao je, ukoliko uspije pronaći mogućnost
za visoko obrazovanje,
02:15
for higher education,
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02:17
an opportunity to get ahead of the rest,
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priliku da bude ispred drugih,
imati će bolje šanse za opstanak.
02:19
he has a better chance to survive
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u svijetu krivih vrijednosti.
02:22
in a world turned upside down.
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Sustav visokog obrazovanja
02:26
The higher education system
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iznevjerio je Patricka, Debbie i Waela,
02:29
failed Patrick, Debbie and Wael,
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baš kao što je iznevierio
02:32
exactly as it is failing
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milijune potencijalnih studenata,
02:34
millions of potential students,
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milijuni koji su završili srednju školu,
02:37
millions that graduate high school,
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milijuni koji su kvalificirani
za visoko obrazovanje
za visoko obrazovanje
02:40
millions that are qualified for higher education,
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milijune koji žele studirati
02:43
millions that want to study
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02:45
yet cannot access for various reasons.
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ali nisu u mogućnosti iz raznih razloga.
Prvo, financijskih.
02:49
First, financial.
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02:52
Universities are expensive. We all know it.
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Sveučilišta su skupa. Svi mi to znamo.
02:55
In large parts of the world,
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U velikome dijelu svijeta,
02:57
higher education is unattainable
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visoko obrazovanje je nedostižno
za prosječnoga građanina.
02:59
for an average citizen.
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Ovo je vjerojatno najveći problem
03:02
This is probably the biggest problem
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03:04
facing our society.
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s kojim je suočeno naše društvo.
Visoko obrazovanje prestalo
je biti pravo za sve
je biti pravo za sve
03:06
Higher education stopped being a right for all
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i postalo privilegija za neke.
03:10
and became a privilege for the few.
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03:13
Second, cultural.
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Drugo, kulturni.
03:17
Students who are qualified for higher education,
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Studenti koji su kvalificirani
za visoko obrazovanje,
za visoko obrazovanje,
03:20
can afford, want to study, cannot
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mogu priuštiti, žele studirati, ne mogu
03:24
because it is not decent,
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jer to nije primjereno,
nije mjesto za ženu.
03:28
it is not a place for a woman.
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03:30
This is the story of countless women
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Ovo je priča bezbrojnih žena
03:33
in Africa, for example,
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u Africi, na primjer,
spriječene od visokog obrazovanja
03:35
prevented from higher education
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zbog kulturnih barijera.
03:37
because of cultural barriers.
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03:39
And here comes the third reason:
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I ovdje dolazi treći razlog:
03:42
UNESCO stated that in 2025,
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UNESCO je izjavio, da će 2025.
100 milijuna studenata
03:45
100 million students
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biti lišeno visokog obrazovanja.
03:48
will be deprived from higher education
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03:51
simply because there will not be enough seats
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jednostavno zato što neće biti
dovoljno mjesta
dovoljno mjesta
da ih se primi,
kako bi se zadovoljila potražnja.
kako bi se zadovoljila potražnja.
03:55
to accommodate them, to meet the demand.
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Polagati će prijemni ispit,
03:58
They will take a placement test,
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03:59
they will pass it,
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položiti će ga,
04:01
but they still won't have access
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ali i dalje neće imati pristupa
jer nema slobodnih mjesta.
04:03
because there are no places available.
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04:07
These are the reasons
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Ovo su razlozi
04:09
I founded University of the People,
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zašto sam osnovao
University of the People,
University of the People,
04:11
a nonprofit, tuition-free,
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neprofitno sveučilište bez školarine
sveučilište koje dodjeljuje diplome,
04:14
degree-granting university
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04:16
to give an alternative,
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kako bi omogućio alternativu,
04:18
to create an alternative to those who have no other,
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onima koji nemaju drugoga izbora,
alternativu koja će biti pristupačna
04:22
an alternative that will be affordable
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04:25
and scalable,
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i podesiva,
04:27
an alternative that will disrupt
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alternativa koja će omesti
04:30
the current education system,
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trenutni sustav obrazovanja,
04:33
open the gates to higher education
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otvoriti vrata visokome obrazovanju
04:35
for every qualified student
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za svakoga kvalificiranoga studenta
04:37
regardless of what they earn, where they live,
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bez obzira na njihove prihode,
mjesto boravka,
mjesto boravka,
ili što društvo kaže o njima.
04:42
or what society says about them.
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04:45
Patrick, Debbie and Wael
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Patrick, Debbie i Wael
su samo tri primjera
04:47
are only three examples
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04:48
out of the 1,700 accepted students
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od 1700 prihvaćenih studenata
iz 143 zemlje.
04:51
from 143 countries.
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04:54
We — (Applause) — Thank you.
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MI -- (Pljesak) -- Hvala vam.
Nismo morali ponovno izmisliti kotač.
05:00
We didn't need to reinvent the wheel.
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05:02
We just looked at what wasn't working
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Samo smo pogledali ono što ne radi
05:04
and used the amazing power of the Internet
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i upotrijebili nevjerojatnu
snagu Interneta
snagu Interneta
kako bi zaobišli problem.
05:07
to get around it.
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Odlućili smo izgraditi model
05:09
We set out to build a model
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05:12
that will cut down almost entirely
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koji će gotovo u cijelosti smanjiti
troškove visokog obrazovanja,
05:15
the cost of higher education,
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05:17
and that's how we did it.
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i tako smo uspijeli.
05:19
First, bricks and mortar cost money.
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Prvo, cigle i žbuka koštaju novaca.
05:22
Universities have expenses
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Sveučilišta imaju troškove
05:25
that virtual universities don't.
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koje virtualna sveučilišta nemaju.
05:28
We don't need to pass these expenses
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Ne trebamo prenjeti ove troškove
05:30
onto our students.
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na naše studente.
05:31
They don't exist.
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Oni ne postoje.
05:33
We also don't need to worry about capacity.
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Također, ne moramo brinuti o kapacitetu.
05:36
There are no limits of seats
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Ne postoje ograničenja za sjedala
u virtualnom sveučilištu.
05:38
in virtual university.
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05:40
Actually, nobody needs to stand
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Ustvari, nitko ne treba stajati
05:42
at the back of the lecture hall.
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u stražnjem dijelu učionice.
Udžbenici su također nešto
05:45
Textbooks is also something
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što naši studenti ne moraju kupovati.
05:47
our students don't need to buy.
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Korištenjem otvorenih obrazovnih resursa
05:49
By using open educational resources
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i velikodušnosti profesora
05:52
and the generosity of professors
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05:55
who are putting their material
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koji pružaju svoje materijale
05:56
free and accessible,
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besplatno i čine ih dostupnima,
ne trebamo slati studente
u kupovinu udžbenika.
u kupovinu udžbenika.
05:59
we don't need to send our students to buy textbooks.
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06:02
All of our materials come free.
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Svi naši materijali su besplatni.
06:05
Even professors,
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Čak i profesori,
kao najskuplja točka na
bilo kojemu sveučilištu,
bilo kojemu sveučilištu,
06:07
the most expensive line in
any university balance sheet,
any university balance sheet,
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su besplatni za naše studente,
06:11
come free to our students,
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06:12
over 3,000 of them,
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preko 3000 njih,
06:15
including presidents, vice chancellors,
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uključujući predsjednika,
potpredsjednika rektora,
potpredsjednika rektora,
06:18
professors and academic advisors
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profesore i akademske savjetnike,
sa najboljih sveučilišta kao što su
06:21
from top universities such as NYU,
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Yale, Berkeley i Oxford,
06:25
Yale, Berkeley and Oxford,
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pridružili su se kako bi pomogli
našim studentima.
našim studentima.
06:27
came on board to help our students.
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U konačnici, mi vjerujemo
u umreženo učenje.
u umreženo učenje.
06:30
Finally, it's our belief in peer-to-peer learning.
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Koristimo ovaj stabilan pedagoški model
06:34
We use this sound pedagogical model
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06:37
to encourage our students from all over the world
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kako bi potaknuli naše
studente iz cijelog svijeta
studente iz cijelog svijeta
da komuniciraju i uče zajedno
06:40
to interact and study together
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06:42
and also to reduce the time
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dok istovremeno smanjuju potrebno vrijeme
06:45
our professors need to labor over class assignments.
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profesora u nadizranju zadataka.
06:52
If the Internet has made us a global village,
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Ako nas je Internet
napravio globalnim selom
napravio globalnim selom
06:58
this model can develop its future leadership.
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ovaj model može razviti
svoje buduće vodstvo.
svoje buduće vodstvo.
Pogledajte kako smo to uspijeli.
07:02
Look how we do it.
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07:04
We only offer two programs:
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Mi nudimo samo dva programa
07:07
business administration and computer science,
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poslovnu administraciju
i informatičke znanosti.
i informatičke znanosti.
07:09
the two programs
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dva programa,
koje su u najvećoj potražnji u svijetu,
07:11
that are most in demand worldwide,
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dva programa koja će najvjeroajtnije
07:13
the two programs that are likeliest
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07:15
to help our students find a job.
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pomoći našim studentima pronaći posao.
07:19
When our students are accepted,
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Kada su naši studenti primljeni,
smještamo ih u male učionice
07:22
they are placed in a small classroom
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od 20 do 30 studenta kako bi se osigurala
07:25
of 20 to 30 students to ensure
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07:29
that those who need personalized attention get it.
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posebna pozornost
onima kojima je potrebna.
onima kojima je potrebna.
07:32
Moreover, for every nine weeks' course,
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Štoviše, za svako devetotjedno predavanje,
upoznaju novog kolegu,
07:36
they meet a new peer,
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07:38
a whole new set of students
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novu grupu studenata
07:40
from all over the world.
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iz cijeloga svijeta.
07:42
Every week, when they go into the classroom,
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Svaki tjedan, kad idu na predavanja,
07:45
they find the lecture notes of the week,
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pronadu tjedne bilješke s predavanja
zadatak za čitanje, zadatak domaće zadaće,
07:48
the reading assignment, the homework assignment,
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07:50
and the discussion question,
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i pitanje za raspravu,
07:51
which is the core of our studies.
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što je srž našeg studija.
07:54
Every week, every student
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Svakoga tjedna, svi studenti,
07:55
must contribute to the class discussion
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moraju doprinijeti razrednoj raspravi,
07:58
and also must comment
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a također moraju komentirati
08:00
on the contribution of others.
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o doprinosu drugih.
08:03
This way, we open our students' minds,
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Na taj način,
otvoramo umove naših učenika,
otvoramo umove naših učenika,
08:06
we develop a positive shift in attitude
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razvijamo pozitivan pomak u stavu
08:09
toward different cultures.
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prema različitim kulturama.
Na kraju svakoga tjedna,
08:12
By the end of each week,
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studenti riješe kviz,
08:14
the students take a quiz,
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predaju zadaće,
08:15
hand in their homework,
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08:17
which are assessed by their peers
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koje se ocjenjuju od
strane njihovih kolega,
strane njihovih kolega,
08:18
under the supervision of the instructors,
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pod nadzorom instruktora,
dobiju ocjenu, i prelaze
u sljedeći tjedan.
u sljedeći tjedan.
08:22
get a grade, move to the next week.
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08:24
By the end of the course, they take the final exam,
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Do kraja predavanja, polažu završni ispit,
08:27
get a grade, and follow to the next course.
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dobiju ocjenu, i nastavljaju
na sljedeća predavanja.
na sljedeća predavanja.
08:32
We opened the gates for higher education
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Otvorili smo vrata prema
visokom obrazovanju,
visokom obrazovanju,
08:35
for every qualified student.
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za svakoga kvalificiranog studenta.
08:38
Every student with a high school diploma,
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Svaki student sa srednjoškolskom diplomom,
dovoljnim znanjem engleskog
jezika i Internetskom vezom
jezika i Internetskom vezom
08:41
sufficient English and Internet connection
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u mogućnosti je studirati kod nas.
08:44
can study with us.
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08:46
We don't use audio. We don't use video.
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Mi ne koristimo zvuk.
Mi ne koristimo video.
Mi ne koristimo video.
08:49
Broadband is not necessary.
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Nije potreban Internet velike brzine.
Svaki student iz bilo
kojega dijela svijeta
kojega dijela svijeta
08:51
Any student from any part of the world
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08:54
with any Internet connection
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i bilo kakvim priključkom za Internet
08:56
can study with us.
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može studirati kod nas.
Mi nudimo besplatnu edukaciju.
08:58
We are tuition-free.
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09:00
All we ask our students to cover
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Od naših studenata samo tražimo
da pokriju troškove njihovih ispita,
09:03
is the cost of their exams,
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09:04
100 dollars per exam.
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100 dolara po ispitu.
Student punog stupnja
09:07
A full-time bachelor degree student
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09:10
taking 40 courses,
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koji pohađa 40 predavanja,
platiti će 1000 dolara godišnje,
09:12
will pay 1,000 dollars a year,
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09:14
4,000 dollars for the entire degree,
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4000 dolara za cijeli studij,
09:17
and for those who cannot afford even this,
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a onima koji si to nisu u
mogućnosti priustiti
mogućnosti priustiti
nudimo niz stipendija.
09:21
we offer them a variety of scholarships.
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09:23
It is our mission that nobody will be left behind
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Naša je misija da nitko
ne bude izostavljen,
ne bude izostavljen,
09:26
for financial reasons.
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zbog financijskih razloga.
Sa 5000 studenata u 2016.
09:29
With 5,000 students in 2016,
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ovaj model je financijski održiv.
09:32
this model is financially sustainable.
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09:37
Five years ago, it was a vision.
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Pet godina unazad, ovo je bila vizija.
Danas je stvarnost.
09:41
Today, it is a reality.
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09:44
Last month, we got the ultimate
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Prošli mjesec, dobili smo konačnu
09:47
academic endorsement to our model.
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akademsku potvrdu za svoj model.
University of the People je sada
u potpunosti akreditirano sveučilište.
u potpunosti akreditirano sveučilište.
09:50
University of the People is now fully accredited.
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09:54
(Applause)
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(Pljesak)
09:55
Thank you.
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Hvala vam.
10:01
With this accreditation,
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Sa ovom potvrdom,
10:02
it's our time now to scale up.
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stiglo je vrijeme za veće razmjere.
Pokazali smo da je naš model funkcionalan.
10:06
We have demonstrated that our model works.
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10:09
I invite universities and, even more important,
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Pozivam sveučilišta i, još važnije,
10:13
developing countries' governments,
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vlade zemalja u razvoju,
10:14
to replicate this model
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da kopiraju ovaj model
10:16
to ensure that the gates of higher education
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kako bi osigurali da se
vrata visokog obrazovanja
vrata visokog obrazovanja
10:19
will open widely.
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otvore svima.
10:22
A new era is coming,
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Novo razdoblje pristiže,
10:24
an era that will witness
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razdoblje koje će svjedočiti
10:26
the disruption of the higher education model
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promijeni modela visokog obrazovanja
10:29
as we know it today,
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kao što ga danas poznajemo,
10:31
from being a privilege for the few
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od toga da bude privilegija za samo neke
postane osnovno pravo,
10:35
to becoming a basic right,
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10:38
affordable and accessible for all.
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pristupačno i dostupna svima.
10:41
Thank you.
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Hvala vam.
(Pljesak)
10:43
(Applause)
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ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Shai Reshef - Education entrepreneurShai Reshef wants to democratize higher education.
Why you should listen
Reshef is the president of University of the People, an online school that offers tuition-free academic degrees in computer science, business administration and health studies (and MBA) to students across the globe. The university is partnered with Yale Law School for research and NYU and University of California Berkeley to accept top students. It's accredited in the U.S. and has admitted thousands of students from more than 180 countries. Wired magazine has included Reshef in its list of "50 People Changing the World" while Foreign Policy named him a "Top Global Thinker." Now Reshef wants to contribute to addressing the refugee crisis. "Education is a major factor in solving this global challenge," he says. UoPeople is taking at least 500 Syrian refugees as students with full scholarship. Before founding UoPeople, Reshef chaired KIT eLearning, the first online university in Europe.
Shai Reshef | Speaker | TED.com