TEDxChange
Mechai Viravaidya: How Mr. Condom made Thailand a better place for life and love
Mechai Viravaidya: Kako je g. Kondom učinio Tajland boljim mjestom
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Na TEDxChange, tajlandski "gosp. Kondom", Mechai Viravaidya nas vodi kroz zemljin hrabri plan podizanja standarda života, počevši 1970-ih. Prvi korak: kontrola populacije. A to znači puno iskrenog, smiješnog -- i vrlo učinkovitog -- govora o kondomima.
Mechai Viravaidya - Public health expert
Since 1974, Mechai Viravaidya has been creating and running innovative family planning and poverty reduction programs throughout Southeast Asia. Full bio
Since 1974, Mechai Viravaidya has been creating and running innovative family planning and poverty reduction programs throughout Southeast Asia. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:15
Welcome to Thailand.
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Dobrodošli na Tajland.
00:18
Now, when I was a young man -- 40 years ago,
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Kada sam bio mladi čovjek, prije 40 godina,
00:21
the country was very, very poor
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zemlja je bila jako, jako siromašna
00:23
with lots and lots and lots of people living in poverty.
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s mnogo i mnogo i mnogo ljudi koji su živjeli u siromaštvu.
00:26
We decided to do something about it,
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Odlučili smo napraviti nešto po tom pitanju,
00:29
but we didn't begin with a welfare program
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ali nismo počeli s programom socijalne pomoći
00:31
or a poverty reduction program.
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ili programom smanjenja siromaštva.
00:34
But we began with a family-planning program,
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Već smo počeli s programom planiranja obitelji,
00:37
following a very successful
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slijedeći vrlo uspješnu
00:39
maternal child health activity,
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aktivnost vezanu uz majčinsko zdravlje djeteta,
00:41
sets of activities.
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niz aktivnosti.
00:43
So basically, no one would accept family planning
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Dakle, u osnovi, nitko ne bi prihvatio planiranje obitelji
00:46
if their children didn't survive.
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ukoliko njihova djeca nisu preživjela.
00:48
So the first step: get to the children, get to the mothers,
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Stoga je prvi korak: dođite do djece, dođite do majki
00:51
and then follow up with family planning.
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i zatim im u nastavku predstavite planiranje obitelji.
00:53
Not just child mortality alone, you need also family planning.
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Ne samo smrtnost djece, trebate i planiranje obitelji.
00:56
Now let me take you back
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Dopustite da vas odvedem natrag
00:58
as to why we needed to do it.
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i odgovorim zašto smo to trebali učiniti.
01:00
In my country, that was the case in 1974.
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U mojoj zemlji, to je bio slučaj 1974. godine.
01:03
Seven children per family --
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Sedmero djece po obitelji.
01:05
tremendous growth at 3.3 percent.
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Ogroman rast od 3,3 posto.
01:07
There was just no future.
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Jednostavno nije bilo budućnosti.
01:09
We needed to reduce the population growth rate.
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Morali smo smanjiti stopu rasta stanovništva.
01:11
So we said, "Let's do it."
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Stoga smo rekli, "Učinimo to".
01:13
The women said, "We agree. We'll use pills,
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Žene su rekle, "Slažemo se. Koristiti ćemo pilule,
01:15
but we need a doctor to prescribe the pills,"
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ali trebamo doktora koji će propisati te pilule",
01:18
and we had very, very few doctors.
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a imali smo jako, jako malo doktora.
01:20
We didn't take no as an answer;
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Nismo prihvatili ne kao odgovor;
01:22
we took no as a question.
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prihvatili smo ne kao pitanje.
01:24
We went to the nurses and the midwives, who were also women,
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Otišli smo do sestara i primalja, koje su isto bile žene
01:27
and did a fantastic job
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i koje su radile fantastičan posao
01:29
at explaining how to use the pill.
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objašnjavajući kako koristiti pilulu.
01:31
That was wonderful,
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To je bilo prekrasno,
01:33
but it covered only 20 percent of the country.
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ali pokrilo je samo 20 posto zemlje.
01:35
What do we do for the other 80 percent --
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Što ćemo napraviti s ostalih 80 posto --
01:37
leave them alone and say, "Well, they're not medical personnel."
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ostaviti ćemo ih same i reći, "Pa, oni nisu medicinsko osoblje?"
01:40
No, we decided to do a bit more.
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Ne, odlučili smo učiniti malo više.
01:42
So we went to the ordinary people that you saw.
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Stoga smo otišli k običnim ljudima koje ste vidjeli.
01:45
Actually, below that yellow sign --
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Zapravo, ispod tog žutog znaka --
01:47
I wish they hadn't wiped that,
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volio bih da to nisu obrisali,
01:49
because there was "Coca-Cola" there.
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jer tamo je pisalo "Coca-Cola".
01:52
We were so much bigger than Coca-Cola in those days.
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Bili smo puno veći od Coca-Cole u tim danima.
01:55
And no difference,
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I bez promjene,
01:57
the people they chose were the people we chose.
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ljudi koje su oni odabrali su bili ljudi koje smo mi odabrali.
02:00
They were well-known in the community,
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Bili su poznati u zajednici,
02:02
they knew that customers were always right,
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znali su kako su kupci uvijek u pravu
02:04
and they were terrific, and they practiced their family planning themselves.
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i bili su odlični, i sami su vježbali planiranje obitelji.
02:07
So they could supply pills and condoms
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Stoga su oni mogli dopremati pilule i kondome
02:09
throughout the country, in every village of the country.
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po zemlji, u svako selo u zemlji.
02:11
So there we are. We went to the people
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Ovdje smo mi. Otišli smo do ljudi
02:13
who were seen as the cause of the problem
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koji su smatrani uzrokom problema
02:15
to be the solution.
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kako bi ih pretvorili u rješenja.
02:17
Wherever there were people --
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Gdjegod su bili ljudi --
02:19
and you can see boats with the women, selling things --
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a možete vidjeti brodove sa ženama -- prodajući stvari --
02:21
here's the floating market
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ovdje je plutajuća tržnica
02:23
selling bananas and crabs
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gdje se prodaju banane i rakovi
02:25
and also contraceptives --
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i isto tako kontracepcijska sredstva --
02:27
wherever you find people,
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gdjegod nađete ljude,
02:29
you'll find contraceptives in Thailand.
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naći ćete kontracepcijska sredstva na Tajlandu.
02:31
And then we decided, why not get to religion
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I zatim smo odlučili, zašto ne otići u religiju,
02:33
because in the Philippines,
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jer na Filipinima,
02:35
the Catholic Church was pretty strong,
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Katolička crkva je bila prilično moćna
02:37
and Thai people were Buddhist.
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a Tajlanđani su bili Budisti.
02:39
We went to them and they said, "Look, could you help us?"
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Otišli smo k njima i oni su rekli, "Gledajte, možete li nam pomoći?"
02:41
I'm there -- the one in blue, not the yellow --
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Ja sam tamo, onaj u plavom, ne u žutom,
02:44
holding a bowl of holy water
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držim zdjelu sa svetom vodom
02:46
for the monk to sprinkle holy water
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za monaha koji je prskao svetu vodu
02:48
on pills and condoms
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po pilulama i kondomima
02:50
for the sanctity of the family.
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za svetost obitelji.
02:53
And this picture was sent throughout the country.
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I ta slika je poslana po cijeloj zemlji.
02:55
So some of the monks in the villages were doing the same thing themselves.
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Stoga su neki monasi u selima radili iste stvari.
02:58
And the women were saying, "No wonder we have no side-effects.
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A žene su govorile, "Nije ni čudo što nemamo nikakvih nuspojava.
03:01
It's been blessed."
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To je blagoslovljeno."
03:03
That was their perception.
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To je bila njihova percepcija.
03:05
And then we went to teachers.
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A zatim smo otišli k učiteljima.
03:07
You need everybody to be involved
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Trebate sve da budu uključeni
03:10
in trying to provide whatever it is
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kako bi pokušali pružiti štogod je potrebno
03:13
that make humanity a better place.
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da se čovječanstvo učini boljim mjestom.
03:15
So we went to the teachers.
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Stoga smo otišli do učitelja.
03:17
Over a quarter of a million were taught about family planning
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Više od četvrt milijuna njih je naučeno o planiranju obitelji
03:19
with a new alphabet -- A, B for birth, C for condom,
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preko nove abecede -- A, R za rođenje, K za kondom,
03:22
I for IUD, V for vasectomy.
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S za spiralu, V za vazektomiju.
03:24
And then we had a snakes and ladders game, where you throw dice.
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A zatim smo igrali igru zmija i ljestvi gdje bacate kocku.
03:26
If you land on anything pro-family planning, you move ahead.
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Ukoliko dođete na bilokakvo polje koje potiče planiranje obitelji, napredujete.
03:29
Like, "Mother takes the pill every night.
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Poput, "Majka uzima pilulu svaku noć.
03:31
Very good, mother. Move ahead.
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Vrlo dobro, majko. Možeš napredovati.
03:33
Uncle buys a condom. Very good, uncle. Move ahead.
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Ujak kupuje kondom. Veoma dobro ujače. Možeš napredovati.
03:35
Uncle gets drunk, doesn't use condom. Come back, start again."
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Ujak se napije i ne koristi kondom. Vrati se natrag, počni ispočetka."
03:37
(Laughter)
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(Smijeh)
03:39
Again, education, class entertainment.
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Opet, edukacija, zabava u razredu.
03:42
And the kids were doing it in school too.
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A djeca su to radila i u školi.
03:44
We had relay races with condoms,
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Imali smo štafete s kondomima.
03:46
we had children's condom-blowing championship.
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Imali smo dječje natjecanje u napuhavanju kondoma.
03:48
And before long,
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I od prije nedugo,
03:50
the condom was know as the girl's best friend.
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kondom je poznat kao djevojkin najbolji prijatelj.
03:53
In Thailand, for poor people, diamonds don't make it --
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Na Tajlandu, za siromašne ljude, dijamanti nisu to.
03:55
so the condom is the girl's best friend.
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Stoga je kondom curin najbolji prijatelj.
03:59
We introduced our first microcredit program in 1975,
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Prvi program mikrokreditiranja smo uveli 1975. godine
04:02
and the women who organized it said,
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i žene koje su to uvele su rekle,
04:04
"We only want to lend
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"Želimo posuditi samo
04:06
to women who practice family planning.
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ženama koje prakticiraju planiranje obitelji.
04:08
If you're pregnant, take care of your pregnancy.
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Ukoliko ste trudne, vodite brigu o svojoj trudnoći.
04:10
If you're not pregnant, you can take a loan out from us."
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Ukoliko niste trudne, možete pozajmiti od nas."
04:12
And that was run by them.
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I to su one vodile.
04:14
And after 35/36 years,
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I nakon 35-36 godina,
04:16
it's still going on.
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to još uvijek traje.
04:18
It's a part of the Village Development Bank;
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To je dio Banke za razvoj sela.
04:20
it's not a real bank, but it's a fund -- microcredit.
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To nije prava banka, već je to fond -- mikrokrediti.
04:23
And we didn't need a big organization to run it --
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I nije nam bila potrebna velika organizacija za vođenje.
04:25
it was run by the villagers themselves.
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To su vodili sami seljani.
04:27
And you probably hardly see a Thai man there,
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I vjerojatno jako rijetko vidite tamo tajlandskog muškarca.
04:29
it's always women, women, women, women.
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Uvijek su to žene, žene, žene, žene.
04:32
And then we thought we'd help America,
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I zatim smo mislili pomoći Americi,
04:34
because America's been helping everyone,
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jer Amerika pomaže svima,
04:36
whether they want help or not.
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bez obzira žele li pomoć ili ne.
04:38
(Laughter)
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(Smijeh)
04:43
And this is on the Fourth of July.
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A ovo je 'četvrtog srpnja'.
04:46
We decided to provide vasectomy to all men,
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Odlučili smo pružiti vazektomiju svim muškarcima,
04:49
but in particular, American men to the front of the queue,
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ali naročito, Amerikancima koji su bili na čelu reda,
04:51
right up to the Ambassador's residence
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odmah do ambasadorovog prebivališta
04:53
during his [unclear].
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tijekom njegovog [nejasno].
04:55
And the hotel gave us the ballroom for it --
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A hotel nam je ustupio dvoranu za bal za to.
04:57
very appropriate room.
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Vrlo prikladna prostorija.
04:59
(Laughter)
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(Smijeh)
05:02
And since it was near lunch time,
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A kako se bližilo vrijeme ručka,
05:04
they said, "All right, we'll give you some lunch.
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rekli su, "U redu, dati ćemo vam ručak.
05:06
Of course, it must be American cola.
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Naravno, mora biti američka kola.
05:08
You get two brands, Coke and Pepsi.
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Dobiti ćete dvije marke, Kolu i Pepsi.
05:10
And then the food is either hamburger or hotdog."
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A hrana je zatim ili hamburger ili hotdog."
05:13
And I thought a hotdog will be more symbolic.
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I pomislio sam kako će hotdog biti više simboličan.
05:15
(Laughter)
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(Smijeh)
05:17
And here is this, then, young man called Willy Bohm
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A ovdje je ovaj, tada, mladi čovjek zvan Willy Bohm
05:20
who worked for the USAID.
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koji je radio za USAID.
05:22
Obviously, he's had his vasectomy
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Očito, on je imao vazektomiju
05:24
because his hotdog is half eaten, and he was very happy.
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jer je njegov hotdog napola pojeden i bio je jako sretan.
05:27
It made a lot of news in America, and it angered some people also.
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To je bilo u mnogim vijestima u Americi i razljutilo je neke ljude.
05:30
I said, "Don't worry. Come over and I'll do the whole lot of you."
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Rekao sam, "Ne brinite. Dođite i učinit ću vazektomiju za hrpu vas."
05:32
(Laughter)
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(Smijeh)
05:34
And what happened?
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A što se dogodilo?
05:36
In all this thing,
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U cijeloj toj stvari,
05:38
from seven children to 1.5 children,
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od sedam djece do 1,5 djeteta.
05:40
population growth rate of 3.3 to 0.5.
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Stopa rasta populacije od 3,3 na 0,5.
05:43
You could call it the Coca-Cola approach if you like --
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Možete to nazvati Coca-Cola pristup ako želite.
05:46
it was exactly the same thing.
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To je bila potpuno ista stvar.
05:48
I'm not sure whether Coca-Cola followed us, or we followed Coca-Cola,
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Nisam siguran je li nas Coca-Cola slijedila, ili smo mi slijedili Coca-Colu,
05:51
but we're good friends.
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ali mi smo dobri prijatelji.
05:53
And so that's the case of everyone joining in.
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I tako je to slučaj svih koji se uključe.
05:55
We didn't have a strong government. We didn't have lots of doctors.
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Nismo imali jaku vladu. Nismo imali puno doktora.
05:58
But it's everybody's job
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Ali to je posao svih
06:00
who can change attitude and behavior.
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koji mogu promijeniti stav i ponašanje.
06:02
Then AIDS came along and hit Thailand,
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Zatim je AIDS došao i pogodio Tajland
06:04
and we had to stop doing a lot of good things
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i morali smo prestati raditi puno stvari
06:06
to fight AIDS.
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kako bi se borili protiv AIDS-a.
06:08
But unfortunately, the government was in denial, denial, denial.
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Ali nažalost, vlada je bila u poricanju, poricanju, poricanju.
06:11
So our work wasn't affected.
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Dakle, to nije utjecalo na naš rad.
06:13
So I thought, "Well, if you can't go to the government, go to the military."
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Stoga sam pomislio, "Pa, ako ne možeš otići do vlade, odi do vojske".
06:16
So I went to the military
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Stoga sam otišao do vojske
06:18
and asked to borrow 300 radio stations.
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i zamolio za posudbu 300 radio stanica.
06:20
They have more than the government,
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Oni imaju više od vlade
06:22
and they've got more guns than the government.
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i imaju više oružja nego vlada.
06:24
So I asked them, could they help us
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Stoga sam ih zamolio bi li nam mogli pomoći
06:26
in our fight against HIV.
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u našoj borbi protiv HIV-a.
06:28
And after I gave them statistics,
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I nakon toga sam im dao statistiku.
06:30
they said, "Yes. Okay. You can use all the radio stations, television stations."
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Oni su rekli, "Da. U redu. Možete koristiti sve radio stanice, televizijske stanice."
06:33
And that's when we went onto the airwaves.
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I tada smo krenuli u eter.
06:36
And then we got a new prime minister soon after that.
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I zatim smo nedugo nakon toga dobili novog premijera.
06:38
And he said, "Mechai, could you come and join?"
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I on je rekao, "Mechai, možeš li doći i pridružiti se?"
06:41
He asked me in because he liked my wife a lot.
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Pozvao me da se uključim jer mu se jako sviđala moja žena.
06:43
So I said, "Okay."
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Stoga sam rekao, "U redu."
06:45
He became the chairman of the National AIDS Committee
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On je postao predsjednik Nacionalnog AIDS odbora
06:47
and increased the budget fifty-fold.
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i povećao je budžet pedeset puta.
06:49
Every ministry, even judges, had to be involved in AIDS education --
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Svako ministarstvo, čak i suci, su morali biti uključeni u AIDS edukaciju.
06:52
everyone -- and we said the public, institutions,
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Svi. I mi smo rekli kako su javnost, institucije,
06:55
religious institutions, schools --
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religijske institucije, škole --
06:57
everyone was involved.
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svi su bili uključeni.
06:59
And here, every media person
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A ovdje, svaka medijska osoba
07:01
had to be trained for HIV.
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je morala proći trening za HIV.
07:03
And we gave every station half a minute extra
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I dali smo svakoj stanici pola minute više
07:06
for advertising to earn more money.
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za oglašavanje kako bi zaradili više novca.
07:09
So they were happy with that.
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Stoga su oni bili jako sretni s time.
07:11
And then AIDS education in all schools,
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A zatim AIDS edukacija u svim školama,
07:13
starting from university.
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počevši od sveučilišta.
07:15
And these are high school kids teaching high school kids.
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A to su klinci iz srednje škole koji podučavaju svoje kolege.
07:18
And the best teachers were the girls, not the boys,
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A najbolji učitelji su bile djevojke, ne dječaci.
07:20
and they were terrific.
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I oni su bili odlični.
07:22
And these girls who go around teaching about safe sex and HIV
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I te djevojke koje su išle okolo podučavajući o sigurnom seksu i HIV-u
07:25
were known as Mother Theresa.
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su bile poznate kao Majka Tereza.
07:28
And then we went down one more step.
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A zatim smo išli dolje još jedan korak.
07:30
These are primary school kids -- third, fourth grade --
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To su djeca iz osnovne škole -- treći, četvrti razred --
07:32
going to every household in the village,
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odlazeći do svakog kućanstva u selu,
07:34
every household in the whole of Thailand,
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svakog kućanstva po cijelom Tajlandu,
07:36
giving AIDS information and a condom
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pružajući informaciju o AIDS-u i dajući kondom
07:38
to every household,
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svakom kućanstvu,
07:40
given by these young kids.
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od strane te mlade djece.
07:42
And no parents objected, because we were trying to save lives,
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I nijedan roditelj nije prigovarao, jer smo pokušavali spasiti živote,
07:45
and this was a lifesaver.
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a to je bio pojas za spašavanje.
07:48
And we said, "Everyone needs to be involved."
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I rekli smo, "Svi trebaju biti uključeni."
07:50
So you have the companies also realizing
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Stoga imate kompanije koji isto shvaćaju
07:52
that sick staff don't work, and dead customers don't buy.
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kako bolesno osoblje ne radi a mrtvi kupci ne kupuju.
07:54
So they all trained.
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Stoga su svi oni trenirali.
07:56
And then we have this Captain Condom,
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A zatim imamo tog Kapetana Kondoma,
07:58
with his Harvard MBA,
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s njegovim MBA-om s Harvarda,
08:00
going to schools and night spots.
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koji odlazi u škole i na noćna mjesta.
08:02
And they loved him. You need a symbol of something.
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I voljeli su ga. Trebate simbol nečega.
08:05
In every country, every program, you need a symbol,
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U svakoj zemlji, svaki program, trebate simbol
08:08
and this is probably the best thing he's ever done with his MBA.
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i to je vjerojatno najbolja stvar koju je ikada učinio sa svojim MBA-om.
08:11
(Laughter)
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(Smijeh)
08:14
And then we gave condoms out everywhere on the streets --
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I zatim smo davali kondome posvuda na cesti --
08:16
everywhere, everywhere.
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svuda, svuda.
08:18
In taxis, you get condoms.
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U taksijima, dobijete kondome.
08:20
And also, in traffic,
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I isto tako, u prometu,
08:22
the policemen give you condoms -- our "cops and rubbers" programs.
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policajci bi vam davali kondome -- naši 'policajci i gumice' programi.
08:25
(Laughter)
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(Smijeh)
08:28
So, can you imagine New York policemen giving out condoms?
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Dakle, možete li zamisliti New Yorške policajce kako daju kondome?
08:31
Of course I can. And they'd enjoy it immensely;
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Naravno da možete. I oni bi jako uživali u tome.
08:34
I see them standing around right now, everywhere.
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Vidim kako stoje posvuda upravo sada, svuda.
08:36
Imagine if they had condoms,
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Zamislite kada bi oni imali kondome,
08:38
giving out to all sorts of people.
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dajući ih svim vrstama ljudi.
08:40
And then, new change,
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A zatim, nova promjena,
08:42
we had hair bands, clothing
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imali smo vrpce za kosu, odjeću
08:44
and the condom for your mobile phone
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i kondom za vaš mobilni telefon
08:46
during the rainy season.
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tijekom kišne sezone.
08:48
(Laughter)
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(Smijeh)
08:50
And these were the condoms that we introduced.
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A ovo su bili kondomi koje smo predstavili.
08:55
One says, "Weapon of mass protection."
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Jedan kaže, "Oružje masovne protekcije".
08:57
We found --
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Pronašli smo.
08:59
you know -- somebody here was searching for the weapon of mass destruction,
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Znate, netko je ovdje tražio oružje masovnog uništenja,
09:02
but we have found the weapon of mass protection: the condom.
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ali mi smo pronašli oružje masovne protekcije -- kondom.
09:05
And then it says here, with the American flag,
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A zatim piše ovdje, zajedno s američkom zastavom,
09:07
"Don't leave home without it."
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"Ne napuštajte kuću bez njega."
09:09
But I have some to give out afterward.
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Ali imam ih nekoliko da ih podijelim naknadno.
09:12
But let me warn you, these are Thai-sized,
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Ali moram vas upozoriti, ovo su Tajlandske veličine,
09:14
so be very careful.
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stoga budite vrlo oprezni.
09:16
(Laughter)
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(Smijeh)
09:18
And so you can see
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I stoga možete vidjeti
09:20
that condoms can do so many things.
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kako kondomi mogu učiniti toliko mnogo stvari.
09:23
Look at this --
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Pogledajte ovo.
09:25
I gave this to Al Gore and to Bill Senior also.
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Dao sam ovo i Al Goreu i Billu Senioru.
09:28
Stop global warming; use condoms.
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Zaustavite globalno zatopljenje; koristite kondome.
09:32
And then this is the picture I mentioned to you --
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A zatim je ovo slika koju sam vam spomenuo --
09:35
the weapon of mass protection.
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oružje masovne protekcije.
09:38
And let the next Olympics save some lives.
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I neka iduće Olimpijske igre spase nekoliko života.
09:41
Why just run around?
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Zašto samo trčati okolo?
09:43
(Laughter)
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(Smijeh)
09:46
And then finally,
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I zatim naposljetku,
09:48
in Thailand we're Buddhist, we don't have a God,
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na Tajlandu mi smo Budisti, nemamo Boga,
09:51
so instead, we say, "In rubber we trust."
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stoga umjesto toga, mi kažemo, "U gumicu mi vjerujemo".
09:53
(Laughter)
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(Smijeh)
09:55
So you can see that we added everything to our endeavor
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Stoga vidite kako smo dodali sve našem pothvatu
09:57
to make life better for the people.
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kako bi učinili ljudima život boljim.
09:59
We had condoms in all the refrigerators in the hotels and the schools,
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Imali smo kondome u svim frižiderima u hotelima i školama,
10:02
because alcohol impairs judgment.
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jer alkohol zamagli prosudbu.
10:04
And then what happened?
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I što se zatim dogodilo?
10:06
After all this time, everybody joined in.
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Nakon cijelog tog vremena, svi su se priključili.
10:09
According to the U.N.,
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Prema UN-u,
10:10
new cases of HIV
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novi slučajevi HIV-a
10:12
declined by 90 percent,
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su se smanjili za 90 posto.
10:14
and according to the World Bank,
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I prema Svjetskoj banci,
10:16
7.7 million lives were saved.
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7,7 milijuna života je spašeno.
10:18
Otherwise there wouldn't be many Thais walking around today.
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U protivnom ne bi danas bilo puno Tajlanđana.
10:21
So it just showed you, you could do something about it.
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Dakle, to nam je pokazalo kako možete učiniti nešto oko toga.
10:24
90 percent of the funding came from Thailand.
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90 posto od ukupnog financiranja je došla s Tajlanda.
10:26
There was political commitment, some financial commitment,
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Postojala je politička odanost, neka financijska odanost
10:29
and everybody joined in the fight.
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i svi su se uključili u borbu.
10:31
So just don't leave it to the specialists and doctors and nurses.
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Stoga ih nemojte samo ostavljati stručnjacima i doktorima i sestrama.
10:34
We all need to help.
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Svi mi trebamo pomoći.
10:36
And then we decided to help people out of poverty,
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I zatim smo odlučili pomoći ljudima u siromaštvu,
10:38
now that we got AIDS somewhat out of the way --
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sada kada smo na neki način maknuli AIDS s puta,
10:40
this time, not with government alone,
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ovaj put, ne samo s vladom,
10:42
but in cooperation with the business community.
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već i u suradnji s poslovnom zajednicom.
10:45
Because poor people are business people
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Jer siromašni ljudi su poslovni ljudi
10:47
who lack business skills and access to credit.
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kojima nedostaju poslovne vještine i pristup kreditiranju.
10:50
Those are the things to be provided by the business community.
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To su stvari koje poslovna zajednica mora omogućiti.
10:53
We're trying to turn them into barefoot entrepreneurs,
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Pokušavamo ih preokrenuti u bosonoge poduzetnike,
10:56
little business people.
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male poslovne ljude.
10:58
The only way out of poverty is through business enterprise.
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Jedini način izlaska iz siromaštva je kroz poslovanje.
11:00
So, that was done.
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Dakle, to je bilo riješeno.
11:02
The money goes from the company into the village
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Novac odlazi iz kompanije u selo
11:04
via tree-planting.
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kroz sadnju drveća.
11:06
It's not a free gift.
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To nije besplatan dar.
11:08
They plant the trees, and the money goes into their microcredit fund,
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Oni sade drveće, a novac odlazi u njihov fond za mikrokreditiranje,
11:10
which we call the Village Development Bank.
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koji nazivamo Banka za razvoj sela.
11:12
Everybody joins in,
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Svatko se uključuje
11:14
and they feel they own the bank,
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i imaju osjećaj kako je svatko vlasnik banke,
11:16
because they have brought the money in.
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jer su donijeli novac.
11:18
And before you can borrow the money, you need to be trained.
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A prije nego možete posuditi novac, morate proći trening.
11:21
And we believe if you want to help the poor,
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I vjerujemo, ukoliko želite pomoći siromašnima,
11:23
those who are living in poverty,
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onima koji žive u siromaštvu,
11:25
access to credit must be a human right.
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pristup kreditiranju mora biti ljudsko pravo.
11:28
Access to credit must be a human right.
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Pristup kreditiranju mora biti ljudsko pravo.
11:30
Otherwise they'll never get out of poverty.
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U protivnom se nikada neće izbaviti iz siromaštva.
11:33
And then before getting a loan, you must be trained.
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A zatim prije dobivanja zajma, morate proći trening.
11:35
Here's what we call a "barefoot MBA,"
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Ovo je ono što zovemo bosonogi MBA
11:37
teaching people how to do business
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koji uči ljude kako da posluju
11:39
so that, when they borrow money, they'll succeed with the business.
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tako da, kada posuđuju novac, oni će uspijeti u poslu.
11:42
These are some of the businesses:
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Ovo su neki od poslova:
11:44
mushrooms, crabs, vegetables,
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gljive, rakovi, povrće,
11:47
trees, fruits,
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drveće, voće
11:49
and this is very interesting -- Nike ice cream and Nike biscuits;
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i ovo je veoma zanimljivo -- Nike sladoled i Nike keksi.
11:52
this is a village sponsored by Nike.
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Ovo je selo koje je sponzorirao Nike.
11:54
They said, "They should stop making shoes and clothes.
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Oni su rekli, "Morali bi prestati izrađivati cipele i odjeću.
11:56
Make these better, because we can afford them."
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Učiniti ove boljima, jer si ih možemo priuštiti."
12:00
And then we have silk, Thai silk.
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A zatim imamo svilu, tajlandsku svilu.
12:02
Now we're making Scottish tartans, as you can see on the left,
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Sada radimo škotsko karirano sukno, kao što možete vidjeti na lijevoj strani,
12:05
to sell to all people of Scottish ancestors.
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kako bi ih prodali svim ljudima koji su potomci Škota.
12:08
So anyone sitting in and watching TV,
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Dakle, svi koji sjede i gledaju TV,
12:10
get in touch with me.
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dođite u kontakt sa mnom.
12:12
And then this is our answer to Starbucks in Thailand --
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A ovo je zatim naš odgovor na Starbucks na Tajlandu --
12:15
"Coffee and Condoms."
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"Kava i kondomi".
12:17
See, Starbucks you awake, we keep you awake and alive.
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Vidite, Starbucks was probudi, mi vas držimo budnima i živima.
12:20
That's the difference.
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U tome je razlika.
12:22
Can you imagine, at every Starbucks
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Možete li zamisliti, da u svakom Starbucksu
12:24
that you can also get condoms?
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možete isto dobiti i kondome?
12:26
You can order your condoms with your with your cappuccino.
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Možete naručiti svoje kondome zajedno sa svojim cappuccinom.
12:31
And then now, finally in education,
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A zatim, konačno, u obrazovanju,
12:33
we want to change the school as being underutilized
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želimo promijeniti školu kao nedovoljno iskorištenu
12:36
into a place where it's a lifelong learning center for everyone.
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u mjesto koje će biti cjeloživotni centar za učenje za sve.
12:40
We call this our School-Based Integrated Rural Development.
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Zovemo to našim školski bazirani integrirani ruralni razvoj.
12:43
And it's a center, a focal point
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A to je centar, žarišna točka,
12:45
for economic and social development.
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za ekonomski i društveni razvoj.
12:47
Re-do the school,
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Ponovno napravite školu,
12:49
make it serve the community needs.
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učiniti da služi potrebama zajednice.
12:52
And here is a bamboo building --
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A ovdje je zgrada od bambusa.
12:54
all of them are bamboo.
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Sve su od bambusa.
12:56
This is a geodesic dome made of bamboo.
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Ovo je geodezijska kupola napravljena od bambusa.
12:59
And I'm sure Buckminster Fuller would be very, very proud
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I siguran sam kako bi Buckminister Fuller bio jako, jako ponosan
13:02
to see a bamboo geodesic dome.
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da vidi geodezijsku kupolu od bambusa.
13:05
And we use vegetables around the school ground,
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I koristimo povrće oko školskog dvorišta
13:07
so they raise their own vegetables.
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kako bi uzgojili vlastito povrće.
13:09
And then, finally, I firmly believe,
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I zatim, konačno, čvrsto vjerujem,
13:12
if we want the MDGs to work --
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ukoliko želimo da MRC funkcioniraju --
13:14
the Millennium Development Goals --
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Milenijski razvojni ciljevi --
13:16
we need to add family planning to it.
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moramo im dodati planiranje obitelji.
13:18
Of course, child mortality first and then family planning --
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Naravno, prvo smrtnost djece a zatim planiranje obitelji.
13:21
everyone needs family planning service --
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Svima je potrebna usluga planiranja obitelji.
13:23
it's underutilized.
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Nedovoljno je iskorištena.
13:25
So we have now found the weapon of mass protection.
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Dakle, sada smo pronašli oružje masovne protekcije.
13:27
And we also ask the next Olympics
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I isto tako molimo da iduća Olimpijada
13:29
to be involved in saving lives.
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bude uključena u spašavanje života.
13:32
And then, finally, that is our network.
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I zatim, na kraju, ovo je naša mreža.
13:35
And these are our Thai tulips.
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A ovo su naši tajlandski tulipani.
13:38
(Laughter)
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(Smijeh)
13:40
Thank you very much indeed.
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Doista vam puno hvala.
13:42
(Applause)
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(Pljesak)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Mechai Viravaidya - Public health expertSince 1974, Mechai Viravaidya has been creating and running innovative family planning and poverty reduction programs throughout Southeast Asia.
Why you should listen
Mechai Viravaidya is the founder and chair of the Population and Community Development Association (PDA). He's a widely acclaimed leader in the fields of public health, education and community development.
Since 1974, Mr. Mechai has initiated community-based family planning services, innovative poverty reduction and rural education programs, large-scale rural development and environmental programs, as well as groundbreaking HIV/AIDS prevention activities throughout Southeast Asia.
Mechai Viravaidya | Speaker | TED.com