ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Peter Haas - Building activist
Inveterate tinkerer Peter Haas is the co-founder of AIDG, the Appropriate Infrastructure Development Group, which connect people to electricity, sanitation and clean water through a combination of business incubation, education, and outreach.

Why you should listen

In 2005, Peter Haas co-founded AIDG -- the Appropriate Infrastructure Development Group -- an organization helping individuals and communities get affordable and environmentally sound access to electricity, sanitation and clean water through a combination of business incubation, education, and outreach. (Also on the board: TED Best-of-the-Web star Cat Laine.) Since co-founding AIDG, Haas has become an active voice for poverty issues, speaking at the World Bank, Harvard, MIT and other forums on technology, entrepreneurship and SME finance. He was named a TEDGlobal Fellow in 2009 and is now part of the three-year TED Senior Fellows program.

Before founding AIDG, Haas worked both in the information technology field and on an organic farm and horse ranch doing infrastructure improvement work. He tinkers in water systems, electrical systems, electronic systems, masonry, plumbing, biogas, irrigation, welding, metal casting and sustainable building.

More profile about the speaker
Peter Haas | Speaker | TED.com
TED Senior Fellows at TEDGlobal 2010

Peter Haas: When bad engineering makes a natural disaster even worse

Peter Haas: Katastrofa haićanskog inženjeringa

Filmed:
370,231 views

"Haiti nije bio prirodna katastrofa," kaže TED-ov član Peter Haas: "To je bila katastrofa inženjeringa". Dok se zemlja ponovno izgrađuje poslije smrtonosnog potresa u siječnju, da li su stare prakse izgradnje stvorile novu otkucavajuću bombu? Haas-ova grupa, AIDG, pomaže haićanske graditelje naučiti modernu gradnju i inženjerske prakse, da bi složili snažnu zemlju ciglu po ciglu.
- Building activist
Inveterate tinkerer Peter Haas is the co-founder of AIDG, the Appropriate Infrastructure Development Group, which connect people to electricity, sanitation and clean water through a combination of business incubation, education, and outreach. Full bio

Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.

00:16
I learnednaučeno about the HaitiHaiti earthquakepotres by SkypeSkype.
0
1000
3000
Saznao sam za haićanski potres preko Skype-a.
00:19
My wifežena sentposlao me a messageporuka,
1
4000
3000
Žena mi je poslala poruku,
00:22
"WhoaOpa, earthquakepotres,"
2
7000
2000
"Opa, potres",
00:24
and then disappearednestao for 25 minutesminuta.
3
9000
3000
i onda je nestala na 25 minuta.
00:28
It was 25 minutesminuta of absoluteapsolutan terrorteror
4
13000
3000
Bilo je to 25 minuta potpunog terora
00:31
that thousandstisuća of people acrosspreko the U.S. feltosjećala.
5
16000
4000
kojeg su osjetile tisuće ljudi diljem Amerike.
00:36
I was afraiduplašen of a tsunamicunami;
6
21000
3000
Bojao sam se tsunamija.
00:39
what I didn't realizeostvariti
7
24000
2000
Ono što nisam shvatio
00:41
was there was a greaterviše terrorteror in HaitiHaiti,
8
26000
3000
je da je postojao veći teror na Haitiju,
00:44
and that was buildingzgrada collapsekolaps.
9
29000
3000
i to raspad zgrada.
00:47
We'veMoramo all seenvidio the photosfotografije
10
32000
2000
Svi smo vidjeli slike
00:49
of the collapsedpropali buildingsgrađevine in HaitiHaiti.
11
34000
3000
raspadnutih zgrada na Haitiju.
00:52
These are shotssnimke my wifežena tookuzeo
12
37000
2000
Ovo su fotografije koje je moje žena uslikala
00:54
a couplepar daysdana after the quakepotres,
13
39000
2000
par dana poslije potresa,
00:56
while I was makingizrađivanje my way throughkroz the D.R. into the countryzemlja.
14
41000
3000
dok sam putovao kroz Dominikansku Republiku do Haitija.
01:00
This is the nationalnacionalna palacepalača --
15
45000
2000
Ovo je nacionalna palača,
01:02
the equivalentekvivalent of the Whitebijeli Housekuća.
16
47000
3000
istoznačna Bijeloj kući.
01:05
This is the largestnajveći supermarketsupermarket in the CaribbeanKaribi
17
50000
3000
Ovo je najveći supremarket na Karibima
01:08
at peakvrh shoppingkupovina time.
18
53000
3000
na vrhuncu šopingiranja.
01:13
This is a nurses'sestara collegekoledž --
19
58000
2000
Ovo je koleđ za medicinske sestre.
01:15
there are 300 nursesmedicinske sestre studyingučenje.
20
60000
3000
Tamo je studiralo 300 medicinskih sestara.
01:19
The generalgeneral hospitalbolnica right nextSljedeći doorvrata
21
64000
2000
Opća bolnica u neposrednoj blizini
01:21
emergedpojavila largelyu velikoj mjeri unscathednepovrijeđen.
22
66000
3000
je izašla uvelike neoštećena.
01:24
This is the MinistryMinistarstvo of EconomicsEkonomija and FinanceFinancije.
23
69000
3000
Ovo je ministarstvo ekonomije i financija.
01:30
We have all heardčuo
24
75000
2000
Svi smo čuli
01:32
about the tremendousogroman humanljudski lossgubitak
25
77000
3000
o ogromnom ljudskom gubitku
01:35
in the earthquakepotres in HaitiHaiti,
26
80000
2000
potresa na Haitiju,
01:37
but we haven'tnisu heardčuo enoughdovoljno
27
82000
3000
ali nismo čuli dovoljno
01:40
about why all those livesživot were lostizgubljen.
28
85000
3000
o tome zašto su svi ti životi izgubljeni.
01:43
We haven'tnisu heardčuo about
29
88000
2000
Nismo čuli o
01:45
why the buildingsgrađevine failedneuspjeh.
30
90000
3000
razlogu zbog kojeg su se zgrade srušile.
01:48
After all, it was the buildingsgrađevine,
31
93000
2000
U konačnici, bile su to zgrade,
01:50
not the earthquakepotres,
32
95000
2000
a ne potres,
01:52
that killedubijen 220,000 people,
33
97000
3000
koje su ubile 220.000 ljudi,
01:55
that injuredozlijeđen 330,000,
34
100000
3000
koje su ozlijedile 330.000,
01:58
that displacedraseljeni 1.3 millionmilijuna people,
35
103000
5000
koje su raselile 1,3 milijuna ljudi,
02:04
that cutrez off foodhrana
36
109000
2000
koje su odsjekle hranu
02:06
and watervoda and suppliespribor
37
111000
2000
i vodu i potrepštine
02:08
for an entirečitav nationnarod.
38
113000
3000
za cijelu naciju.
02:11
This is the largestnajveći metropolitan-areaGradsko-area disasterkatastrofa
39
116000
5000
Ovo je najveća katastrofa metropolitanskog područja
02:16
in decadesdesetljeća,
40
121000
3000
zadnjih desetljeća.
02:19
and it was not a naturalprirodni disasterkatastrofa --
41
124000
3000
I to nije bila prirodna nepogoda.
02:22
it was a disasterkatastrofa of engineeringinženjering.
42
127000
3000
To je bila katastrofa inženjeringa.
02:25
AIDGAIDG has workedradio in HaitiHaiti
43
130000
2000
AIDG radi na Haitiju
02:27
sinceod 2007,
44
132000
2000
od 2007. godine,
02:29
providingpružanje engineeringinženjering and businessPoslovni supportpodrška
45
134000
2000
osiguravajući inženjersku i poslovnu potporu
02:31
to smallmali businessespoduzeća.
46
136000
2000
malim poduzetništvima.
02:33
And after the quakepotres, we startedpočeo bringingdonošenje in earthquakepotres engineersinženjeri
47
138000
4000
I nakon potresa, započeli smo s dovođenjem geoloških inženjera
02:37
to figurelik out why the buildingsgrađevine collapsedpropali,
48
142000
2000
da bi otkrili zašto su se zgrade srušile,
02:39
to examineispitati what was safesef and what wasn'tnije.
49
144000
3000
da bi istražili što je bilo sigurno a što ne.
02:42
WorkingRad with MINUSTAHMINUSTAH,
50
147000
3000
Radeći sa MINUSTAH-om,
02:45
whichkoji is the U.N. missionmisija in HaitiHaiti,
51
150000
2000
koji je misija ujedinjenih naroda na Haitiju,
02:47
with the MinistryMinistarstvo of PublicJavnim WorksDjela,
52
152000
2000
s mnistarstvom javnih radova,
02:49
with differentdrugačiji NGOsNevladine organizacije,
53
154000
2000
s različitim nevladinim udrugama,
02:51
we inspectedinspekciju over 1,500 buildingsgrađevine.
54
156000
3000
proveli smo inspekciju preko 1.500 zgrada.
02:55
We inspectedinspekciju schoolsškola
55
160000
2000
Proveli smo inspekciju škola
02:57
and privateprivatna residenciesRezidencija.
56
162000
2000
i privatnih rezidencija.
02:59
We inspectedinspekciju medicalmedicinski centerscentri
57
164000
2000
Proveli smo inspekciju medicinskih centara
03:01
and foodhrana warehousesskladišta.
58
166000
2000
i skladišta hrane.
03:03
We inspectedinspekciju governmentvlada buildingsgrađevine.
59
168000
2000
Proveli smo inspekciju vladinih zgrada.
03:05
This is the MinistryMinistarstvo of JusticePravde.
60
170000
2000
Ovo je ministarstvo pravosuđa.
03:07
BehindIza that doorvrata
61
172000
2000
Iza ovih vrata
03:09
is the NationalNacionalne JudicialPravosudne ArchivesArhiva.
62
174000
3000
su Nacionalni Sudski Arhivi.
03:12
The fellowkolega in the doorvrata, AndreAndre FilitraultFilitrault --
63
177000
2000
Momak na vratima, Andre Filitrault,
03:14
who'stko je the directordirektor
64
179000
2000
koji je direktor
03:16
of the CenterCentar for InterdisciplinaryInterdisciplinarni EarthquakePotres EngineeringInženjerstvo ResearchIstraživanja
65
181000
4000
centra za istraživanje interdisciplinarnog geološkog inženjerstva
03:20
at the UniversitySveučilište of BuffaloBuffalo --
66
185000
3000
na sveučilištu Buffalo,
03:23
was examiningispitivanje it to see if it was safesef
67
188000
2000
je provjeravao da li je sigurno
03:25
to recoveroporavak the archivesarhiva.
68
190000
2000
povratiti arhive.
03:27
AndreAndre told me,
69
192000
2000
Andre mi je rekao,
03:29
after seeingvidim these buildingsgrađevine failiznevjeriti
70
194000
2000
vidjevši pad ovih zgrada
03:31
again and again in the sameisti way,
71
196000
3000
ponovno i ponovno na isti način,
03:34
that there is no newnovi researchistraživanje here.
72
199000
3000
da ovdje nema novog istraživanja.
03:37
There is nothing here that we don't know.
73
202000
3000
Ovdje nema ničega što nismo znali.
03:40
The failureneuspjeh pointsbodova were the sameisti:
74
205000
3000
Točke propadanja su bile iste --
03:43
wallszidovi and slabsploče not tiedvezan properlypropisno into columnsStupci --
75
208000
3000
zidovi i ploče koji nisu bili propisno vezani u stupove --
03:46
that's a roofkrov slabploča hangingvješanje off the buildingzgrada --
76
211000
3000
to je krovna ploča koja visi sa zgrade --
03:51
cantileveredkonzolni structuresstrukture,
77
216000
2000
gredne strukture,
03:53
or structuresstrukture that were asymmetricasimetrične,
78
218000
2000
ili strukture koje su asimetrične,
03:55
that shookpotresla violentlynasilno and camedošao down,
79
220000
2000
koje su se tresle i otpale,
03:59
poorsiromašan buildingzgrada materialsmaterijali,
80
224000
2000
loši građevinski materijali,
04:01
not enoughdovoljno concretebeton,
81
226000
2000
nedovoljno cementa,
04:03
not enoughdovoljno compressionkompresija in the blocksblokovi,
82
228000
3000
nedovoljno kompresije na blokovima,
04:07
rebarRebar that was smoothglatko, nesmetano,
83
232000
2000
glatko betonsko željezo,
04:09
rebarRebar that was exposedizložen to the weathervrijeme and had rustedzahrđao away.
84
234000
3000
betonsko željezo koje je bilo eksponirano vremenu i zahrđalo.
04:12
Now there's a solutionriješenje
85
237000
3000
Postoji rješenje
04:15
to all these problemsproblemi.
86
240000
2000
za sve ove probleme.
04:17
And we know how to buildizgraditi properlypropisno.
87
242000
3000
I znamo kako propisno graditi.
04:20
The proofdokaz of this camedošao in ChileČile,
88
245000
3000
Dokaz toga je došao u Čileu,
04:23
almostskoro a monthmjesec laterkasnije,
89
248000
3000
skoro poslije mjesec dana,
04:26
when 8.8 magnitudeveličina earthquakepotres
90
251000
3000
kada je potres magnitude 8,8
04:30
hithit ChileČile.
91
255000
2000
udario Čile.
04:32
That is 500 timesputa
92
257000
2000
To je 500 puta
04:34
the powervlast of the 7.0
93
259000
2000
snage od 7,0
04:36
that hithit Port-au-PrincePort-au-Prince --
94
261000
3000
koje su udarile Port-au-Prince --
04:39
500 timesputa the powervlast,
95
264000
2000
500 puta snage,
04:41
yetjoš only underpod a thousandtisuću casualtiesgubici.
96
266000
3000
ali s ispod tisuću žrtava.
04:46
AdjustedPrilagođen for populationpopulacija densitygustoća,
97
271000
2000
Prilagođeno gustoći naseljenosti,
04:48
that is lessmanje than one percentposto
98
273000
2000
to je manje od jedan posto
04:50
of the impactudar of the HaitianHaitija quakepotres.
99
275000
3000
udara haićanskog potresa.
04:54
What was the differencerazlika
100
279000
2000
Koje je bila razlika
04:56
betweenizmeđu ChileČile and HaitiHaiti?
101
281000
3000
između Čilea i Haitija?
04:59
SeismicSeizmičke standardsstandardi
102
284000
2000
Seizmički standardi
05:01
and confinedograničena masonryMasonerija,
103
286000
3000
i ograničeno zidarstvo,
05:04
where the buildingzgrada actsdjela as a wholečitav --
104
289000
2000
gdje zgrade postaju cjelina --
05:06
wallszidovi and columnsStupci
105
291000
2000
zidovi i stupovi
05:08
and roofskrovovi and slabsploče
106
293000
2000
i krovovi i ploče
05:10
tiedvezan togetherzajedno to supportpodrška eachsvaki other --
107
295000
3000
vezani zajedno da bi se međusobno podupirali,
05:13
insteadumjesto of breakinglom off into separateodvojen membersčlanovi and failingnedostatak.
108
298000
4000
umjesto razlomljavanja u različite skupove i otpadanje.
05:18
If you look at this buildingzgrada in ChileČile,
109
303000
3000
Ukoliko pogledate ovu zgradu u Čileu,
05:21
it's rippedripped in halfpola,
110
306000
2000
prepolovljena je,
05:23
but it's not a pilegomila of rubblekrš.
111
308000
3000
ali nije pretvorena u hrpu ruševinskog šljunka.
05:27
ChileansČileanci have been buildingzgrada with confinedograničena masonryMasonerija
112
312000
2000
Čileanci su gradili ograničenim zidarstvom
05:29
for decadesdesetljeća.
113
314000
2000
desetljećima.
05:32
Right now, AIDGAIDG is workingrad with KPFFKPFF ConsultingSavjetovanje EngineersInženjeri,
114
317000
4000
Trenutačno, AIDG radi s KPFF konzultantskim inženjerima,
05:36
ArchitectureArhitektura for HumanityČovječanstvo,
115
321000
2000
Arhitekturom za Čovječanstvo,
05:38
to bringdonijeti more confinedograničena masonryMasonerija trainingtrening
116
323000
3000
kako bi donijela više treninga ograničenog zidarstva
05:41
into HaitiHaiti.
117
326000
2000
na Haiti.
05:45
This is XantusXANTUS DanielDaniel;
118
330000
2000
Ovo je Xantus Daniel.
05:47
he's a masonzidar,
119
332000
2000
On je zidar,
05:49
just a generalgeneral constructionizgradnja workerradnik, not a foremanpredradnik,
120
334000
3000
samo generalni građevinski radnik, ne nadzornik,
05:52
who tookuzeo one of our trainingstreninzi.
121
337000
2000
koji je pohađao jedan od naših treninga.
05:54
On his last jobposao he was workingrad with his bossšef,
122
339000
3000
Na svom zadnjem poslu je radio sa svojim šefom,
05:57
and they startedpočeo pouringkoji lije the columnsStupci wrongpogrešno.
123
342000
3000
i započeli su lijevati stupove pogrešno.
06:00
He tookuzeo his bossšef asideu stranu,
124
345000
2000
Odveo je svog šefa postrance,
06:02
and he showedpokazala him the materialsmaterijali on confinedograničena masonryMasonerija.
125
347000
3000
i pokazao mu materijal o ograničenom zidarstvu.
06:05
He showedpokazala him, "You know, we don't have to do this wrongpogrešno.
126
350000
3000
Pokazao mu je, "Znate, ne moramo ovo raditi krivo.
06:08
It won'tnavika costcijena us any more
127
353000
2000
Neće nas koštati više
06:10
to do it the right way."
128
355000
3000
ako napravimo posao na pravi način".
06:13
And they redidredid that buildingzgrada.
129
358000
2000
I ponovno su izgradili zgradu.
06:15
They tiedvezan the rebarRebar right,
130
360000
2000
Povezali su armirani beton kako treba.
06:17
they pouredizlivena the columnsStupci right,
131
362000
2000
Lijevali su stupove kako treba.
06:19
and that buildingzgrada will be safesef.
132
364000
2000
I ta zgrada će biti sigurna.
06:21
And everysvaki buildingzgrada
133
366000
2000
I svaka zgrada
06:23
that they buildizgraditi going forwardnaprijed
134
368000
2000
koju izgrade idući naprijed
06:25
will be safesef.
135
370000
2000
će biti sigurna.
06:28
To make sure these buildingsgrađevine are safesef,
136
373000
2000
Da bi osigurali ove zgrade,
06:30
it's not going to take policypolitika --
137
375000
3000
nije potreban pravilnik,
06:33
it's going to take reachingdostizanje out
138
378000
2000
potrebno je pružiti ruku
06:35
to the masonszidara on the groundtlo
139
380000
3000
zidarima na lokaciji
06:38
and helpingpomoć them learnnaučiti the properodgovarajuće techniquesTehnike.
140
383000
3000
i pomoći im naučiti propisne tehnike.
06:43
Now there are manymnogi groupsgrupe doing this.
141
388000
2000
Sada postoje mnoge grupe koje se time bave.
06:45
And the fellowkolega in the vestprsluk there,
142
390000
2000
Ovaj momak u odjelu ovdje,
06:47
CraigCraig TotenToten,
143
392000
2000
Craig Toten,
06:49
he has pushedgurnula forwardnaprijed
144
394000
2000
progurao je naprijed
06:51
to get documentationdokumentacija out to all the groupsgrupe that are doing this.
145
396000
3000
dostavu dokumentacije svim grupama koje rade na tome.
06:55
ThroughKroz HaitiHaiti RewiredInstalacije,
146
400000
2000
Kroz Haiti Rewired,
06:57
throughkroz BuildIzgraditi ChangePromjena, ArchitectureArhitektura for HumanityČovječanstvo,
147
402000
3000
kroz Build Change, Architecture for Humanity,
07:00
AIDGAIDG,
148
405000
2000
AIDG,
07:02
there is the possibilitymogućnost
149
407000
2000
postoji mogućnost
07:04
to reachdohvatiti out
150
409000
3000
posegnuti
07:07
to 30,000 -- 40,000 masonszidara
151
412000
3000
prema 30.000, 40.000 zidara
07:10
acrosspreko the countryzemlja
152
415000
2000
diljem zemlje
07:12
and createstvoriti a movementpokret of properodgovarajuće buildingzgrada.
153
417000
3000
i stvoriti pokret propisne izgradnje.
07:17
If you reachdohvatiti out to the people on the groundtlo
154
422000
2000
Ako pružite ruku ljudima na lokaciji
07:19
in this collaborativekolaborativni way
155
424000
2000
na suradnički način
07:21
it's extremelykrajnje affordabledostupan.
156
426000
3000
to je izuzetno isplativo.
07:24
For the billionsmilijarde spentpotrošen on reconstructionrekonstrukcija,
157
429000
4000
Za milijarde potrošene na rekonstrukciju,
07:28
you can trainvlak masonszidara
158
433000
2000
možete obučiti zidare
07:30
for dollarsdolara on everysvaki housekuća
159
435000
2000
za dolare na svakoj kući
07:32
that they endkraj up buildingzgrada over theirnjihov lifetimedoživotno.
160
437000
3000
koju u konačnici izgrade tokom svog života.
07:37
UltimatelyNa kraju, there are two waysnačine
161
442000
2000
Na kraju, postoje dva načina
07:39
that you can rebuildobnoviti HaitiHaiti;
162
444000
2000
kako obnoviti Haiti,
07:41
the way at the topvrh
163
446000
2000
način na vrhu
07:43
is the way that Haiti'sHaiti je been buildingzgrada for decadesdesetljeća.
164
448000
3000
je način na koji se je Haiti gradio desetljećima.
07:46
The way at the topvrh
165
451000
2000
Način na vrhu
07:48
is a poorlyslabo constructedkonstruiran buildingzgrada
166
453000
2000
je loša konstrukcija gradnje
07:50
that will failiznevjeriti.
167
455000
2000
koja će propasti.
07:52
The way at the bottomdno is a confinedograničena masonryMasonerija buildingzgrada,
168
457000
3000
Način na dnu je ograničena zidarska gradnja,
07:55
where the wallszidovi are tiedvezan togetherzajedno,
169
460000
2000
gdje su zidovi povezani zajedno,
07:57
the buildingzgrada is symmetricsimetrični,
170
462000
2000
zgrada je simetrična,
07:59
and it will standstajati up to an earthquakepotres.
171
464000
3000
i opstat će nakon potresa.
08:02
For all the disasterkatastrofa,
172
467000
2000
Za svu katastrofu,
08:04
there is an opportunityprilika here
173
469000
3000
ovdje je mogućnost
08:07
to buildizgraditi better houseskuća
174
472000
2000
izgradnje boljih kuća
08:09
for the nextSljedeći generationgeneracija,
175
474000
2000
za sljedeće generacije,
08:11
so that when the nextSljedeći earthquakepotres hitshitovi,
176
476000
3000
tako da kad sljedeći potres grune,
08:14
it is a disasterkatastrofa --
177
479000
2000
to će biti katastrofa,
08:16
but not a tragedytragedija.
178
481000
2000
ali ne i tragedija.
08:19
(ApplausePljesak)
179
484000
4000
(Pljesak)

▲Back to top

ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Peter Haas - Building activist
Inveterate tinkerer Peter Haas is the co-founder of AIDG, the Appropriate Infrastructure Development Group, which connect people to electricity, sanitation and clean water through a combination of business incubation, education, and outreach.

Why you should listen

In 2005, Peter Haas co-founded AIDG -- the Appropriate Infrastructure Development Group -- an organization helping individuals and communities get affordable and environmentally sound access to electricity, sanitation and clean water through a combination of business incubation, education, and outreach. (Also on the board: TED Best-of-the-Web star Cat Laine.) Since co-founding AIDG, Haas has become an active voice for poverty issues, speaking at the World Bank, Harvard, MIT and other forums on technology, entrepreneurship and SME finance. He was named a TEDGlobal Fellow in 2009 and is now part of the three-year TED Senior Fellows program.

Before founding AIDG, Haas worked both in the information technology field and on an organic farm and horse ranch doing infrastructure improvement work. He tinkers in water systems, electrical systems, electronic systems, masonry, plumbing, biogas, irrigation, welding, metal casting and sustainable building.

More profile about the speaker
Peter Haas | Speaker | TED.com