TEDxChange
Melinda Gates: Let's put birth control back on the agenda
Melinda Gates: Mari kita kembali agendakan isu kontrasepsi
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Kontrasepsi. Topik yang menjadi kontroversial di tahun-tahun belakangan ini. Haruskah begitu? Melinda Gates percaya bahwa perubahan sosial dunia bergantung pada kemampuan perempuan dalam mengontrol jumlah anak yang mereka miliki. Dalam seminar penting ini, ia menyarankan bagaimana dunia perlu mengkaji ulang masalah yang akan ia perjuangkan dalam dekade yang akan datang.
Melinda Gates - Philanthropist
Melinda French Gates is co-chair of the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, where she puts into practice the idea that every life has equal value. Full bio
Melinda French Gates is co-chair of the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, where she puts into practice the idea that every life has equal value. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:04
Today, I'd like to talk with you
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Hari ini, saya ingin berbicara
tentang sesuatu yang seharusnya menjadi
topik yang sangat umum.
topik yang sangat umum.
00:05
about something that should be
a totally uncontroversial topic.
a totally uncontroversial topic.
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00:11
But, unfortunately,
it's become incredibly controversial.
it's become incredibly controversial.
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Sayangnya, ia telah menjadi
sangat kontroversial.
sangat kontroversial.
00:17
This year, if you think about it,
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Tahun ini, jika Anda pikirkan,
00:19
over a billion couples
will have sex with one another.
will have sex with one another.
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lebih dari satu miliar pasangan
melakukan hubungan seksual.
melakukan hubungan seksual.
00:23
Couples like this one,
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Pasangan seperti ini,
00:26
and this one,
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dan ini,
00:27
and this one,
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dan ini,
00:29
and, yes,
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dan, ya,
00:31
even this one.
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bahkan ini.
00:32
(Laughter)
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(Tertawa)
00:34
And my idea is this --
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Ide saya begini --
00:36
all these men and women
should be free to decide
should be free to decide
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semua pria dan wanita ini
seharusnya bebas memutuskan
seharusnya bebas memutuskan
00:41
whether they do or do not
want to conceive a child.
want to conceive a child.
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apakah mereka ingin
mempunyai anak atau tidak.
mempunyai anak atau tidak.
00:45
And they should be able to use
one of these birth control methods
one of these birth control methods
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Dan mereka seharusnya dapat menggunakan
salah satu metode KB yang ada
salah satu metode KB yang ada
00:49
to act on their decision.
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tergantung pada keputusan mereka.
00:53
Now, I think you'd have a hard time
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Kini, saya rasa Anda akan susah
00:55
finding many people
who disagree with this idea.
who disagree with this idea.
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menemui beberapa orang
yang tidak setuju dengan ini.
yang tidak setuju dengan ini.
01:00
Over one billion people use birth control
without any hesitation at all.
without any hesitation at all.
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Lebih dari 1 miliar orang menggunakan
alat KB tanpa ragu-ragu.
alat KB tanpa ragu-ragu.
01:07
They want the power
to plan their own lives
to plan their own lives
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Mereka ingin mempunyai
kontrol dalam perencanaan keluarga mereka
kontrol dalam perencanaan keluarga mereka
01:11
and to raise healthier, better educated
and more prosperous families.
and more prosperous families.
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dan untuk membesarkan keluarga yang lebih
sehat, pandai, dan sejahtera.
sehat, pandai, dan sejahtera.
01:18
But, for an idea that is
so broadly accepted in private,
so broadly accepted in private,
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Namun, untuk sebuah ide yang dapat
diterima masyarakat luas secara personal,
diterima masyarakat luas secara personal,
01:24
birth control certainly generates
a lot of opposition in public.
a lot of opposition in public.
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KB menimbulkan banyak tentangan
dalam ranah publik.
dalam ranah publik.
01:29
Some people think
when we talk about contraception
when we talk about contraception
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Beberapa orang merasa ketika
kita membicarakan kontrasepsi
kita membicarakan kontrasepsi
01:32
that it's code for abortion,
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sebagai kode tentang aborsi,
01:35
which it's not.
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yang mana tidak.
01:36
Some people -- let's be honest --
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Beberapa orang -- mari kita jujur --
01:39
they're uncomfortable with the topic
because it's about sex.
because it's about sex.
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mereka tidak nyaman dengan topik ini
karena berhubungan dengan seks.
karena berhubungan dengan seks.
01:43
Some people worry
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Beberapa khawatir
01:45
that the real goal of family planning
is to control populations.
is to control populations.
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jika tujuan asli dari perencanaan keluarga
adalah untuk pengontrolan populasi.
adalah untuk pengontrolan populasi.
01:50
These are all side issues
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Ini semua masalah sampingan
01:54
that have attached themselves
to this core idea that men and women
to this core idea that men and women
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yang melekat pada ide awal
di mana pria dan wanita
di mana pria dan wanita
02:00
should be able to decide
when they want to have a child.
when they want to have a child.
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seharusnya bisa memutuskan
kapan untuk mempunyai anak.
kapan untuk mempunyai anak.
02:05
And as a result, birth control has
almost completely and totally disappeared
almost completely and totally disappeared
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Sebagai hasilnya,
KB sepenuhnya telah sirna
KB sepenuhnya telah sirna
02:11
from the global health agenda.
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dari agenda kesehatan global.
02:14
The victims of this paralysis
are the people of sub-Saharan Africa
are the people of sub-Saharan Africa
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Korban dari kelumpuhan ini adalah
penduduk sub-Sahara Afrika
penduduk sub-Sahara Afrika
02:20
and South Asia.
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dan Asia Selatan.
02:23
Here in Germany, the proportion of people
that use contraception
that use contraception
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Di Jerman, proporsi masyarakat
yang menggunakan kontrasepsi
yang menggunakan kontrasepsi
02:27
is about 66 percent.
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adalah sekitar 66%.
02:29
That's about what you'd expect.
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Sesuai dengan apa yang diharapkan.
02:31
In El Salvador, very similar, 66 percent.
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Di El Salvador, sangat mirip, 66%.
02:35
Thailand, 64 percent.
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Thailand, 64%.
02:39
But let's compare that to other places,
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Namun mari bandingkan dengan tempat lain,
02:41
like Uttar Pradesh,
one of the largest states in India.
one of the largest states in India.
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seperti Uttar Pradesh,
salah satu provinsi terbesar di India.
salah satu provinsi terbesar di India.
02:45
In fact, if Uttar Pradesh
was its own country,
was its own country,
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Sebenarnya, jika Uttar Pradesh
adalah sebuah negara sendiri,
adalah sebuah negara sendiri,
02:49
it would be the fifth largest
country in the world.
country in the world.
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ia akan menjadi negara kelima
terbesar di dunia.
terbesar di dunia.
02:53
Their contraception rate -- 29 percent.
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Tingkat kontrasepsi mereka -- 29%.
02:58
Nigeria, the most populous
country in Africa, 10 percent.
country in Africa, 10 percent.
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Nigeria, negara paling padat
di Afrika, 10%
di Afrika, 10%
03:04
Chad, 2 percent.
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Chad, 2%.
03:09
Let's just take one country
in Africa, Senegal.
in Africa, Senegal.
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Mari kita ambil satu negara
di Afrika, Senegal.
di Afrika, Senegal.
03:12
Their rate is about 12 percent.
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Tingkat kontrasepsi mereka
sekitar 12%.
sekitar 12%.
03:14
But why is it so low?
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Mengapa begitu rendah?
03:17
One reason is that the most popular
contraceptives are rarely available.
contraceptives are rarely available.
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Satu alasannya karena tipe kontrasepsi
yang paling populer jarang tersedia.
yang paling populer jarang tersedia.
03:23
Women in Africa will tell you
over and over again
over and over again
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Wanita di Afrika akan
memberitahu Anda sedemikian kali
memberitahu Anda sedemikian kali
03:26
that what they prefer today
is an injectable.
is an injectable.
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bahwa mereka lebih memilih
KB suntik.
KB suntik.
03:29
They get it in their arm --
and they go about four times a year,
and they go about four times a year,
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Suntikan di lengan --
dan mereka disuntik 4 kali setahun,
dan mereka disuntik 4 kali setahun,
03:33
they have to get it every three months --
to get their injection.
to get their injection.
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mereka harus disuntik setiap 3 bulan.
03:36
The reason women like it so much in Africa
is they can hide it from their husbands,
is they can hide it from their husbands,
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Mereka sangat menyukainya karena
mereka dapat menyembunyikannya dari suami,
mereka dapat menyembunyikannya dari suami,
03:42
who sometimes want a lot of children.
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yang terkadang ingin punya
banyak anak.
banyak anak.
03:45
The problem is every other time
a woman goes into a clinic in Senegal,
a woman goes into a clinic in Senegal,
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Masalahnya adalah seringkali ketika mereka
pergi ke klinik di Senegal,
pergi ke klinik di Senegal,
03:50
that injection is stocked out.
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stok suntikan habis.
03:53
It's stocked out 150 days out of the year.
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Stok suntikan kosong selama
150 hari setiap tahunnya.
150 hari setiap tahunnya.
03:58
So can you imagine the situation --
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Jadi Anda bisa bayangkan situasinya --
04:00
she walks all this way
to go get her injection.
to go get her injection.
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ia berjalan jauh untuk mendapat suntikan.
04:03
She leaves her field,
sometimes leaves her children,
sometimes leaves her children,
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Ia meninggalkan ladangnya,
terkadang anak-anaknya,
terkadang anak-anaknya,
04:06
and it's not there.
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dan suntikannya habis.
04:07
And she doesn't know
when it's going to be available again.
when it's going to be available again.
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Ia tidak tahu kapan
suntikannya tersedia lagi.
suntikannya tersedia lagi.
04:11
This is the same story
across the continent of Africa today.
across the continent of Africa today.
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Berbagai tempat di benua Afrika
punya cerita yang sama.
punya cerita yang sama.
04:16
And so what we've created as a world
has become a life-and-death crisis.
has become a life-and-death crisis.
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Dunia yang telah kita ciptakan
telah menjadi krisis hidup atau mati.
telah menjadi krisis hidup atau mati.
04:21
There are 100,000 women [per year]
who say they don't want to be pregnant
who say they don't want to be pregnant
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Ada 100 ribu wanita (per tahun)
yang tidak ingin mengandung
yang tidak ingin mengandung
04:27
and they die in childbirth --
100,000 women a year.
100,000 women a year.
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dan mereka meninggal ketika
melahirkan -- 100 ribu wanita per tahun.
melahirkan -- 100 ribu wanita per tahun.
04:32
There are another 600,000 women [per year]
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Ada lagi 600 ribu wanita (per tahun)
04:34
who say they didn't want to be pregnant
in the first place,
in the first place,
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yang tadinya tidak ingin hamil,
04:37
and they give birth to a baby
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dan mereka melahirkan
04:39
and her baby dies
in that first month of life.
in that first month of life.
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dan bayinya meninggal
pada bulan pertama.
pada bulan pertama.
04:43
I know everyone wants to save
these mothers and these children.
these mothers and these children.
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Kita semua ingin menyelamatkan
para ibu dan bayi ini.
para ibu dan bayi ini.
04:50
But somewhere along the way,
we got confused by our own conversation.
we got confused by our own conversation.
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Namun entah mengapa, kita
dibuat bingung di tengah jalan.
dibuat bingung di tengah jalan.
04:56
And we stopped trying to save these lives.
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Lalu kita berhenti menyelamatkannya.
05:01
So if we're going to make
progress on this issue,
progress on this issue,
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Apabila kita ingin membuat
kemajuan dalam masalah ini,
kemajuan dalam masalah ini,
05:04
we have to be really clear
about what our agenda is.
about what our agenda is.
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kita harus mengetahui benar
apa agenda kita.
apa agenda kita.
05:08
We're not talking about abortion.
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Kita tidak berbicara
tentang aborsi.
tentang aborsi.
05:11
We're not talking
about population control.
about population control.
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Kita tidak berbicara
tentang kontrol populasi.
tentang kontrol populasi.
05:14
What I'm talking about is giving women
the power to save their lives,
the power to save their lives,
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Kita berbicara tentang membantu perempuan
menyelamatkan hidup mereka,
menyelamatkan hidup mereka,
05:21
to save their children's lives
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hidup anak-anak mereka
05:23
and to give their families
the best possible future.
the best possible future.
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dan memberikan masa depan
yang lebih baik bagi keluarga.
yang lebih baik bagi keluarga.
05:28
Now, as a world,
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Sebagai komunitas dunia,
05:29
there are lots of things we have to do
in the global health community
in the global health community
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ada banyak hal yang harus dilakukan
dalam komunitas kesehatan global
dalam komunitas kesehatan global
05:33
if we want to make the world
better in the future --
better in the future --
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jika kita ingin memperbaiki
masa depan dunia kita --
masa depan dunia kita --
05:36
things like fight diseases.
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seperti memerangi penyakit.
05:38
So many children today die of diarrhea,
as you heard earlier, and pneumonia.
as you heard earlier, and pneumonia.
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Begitu banyak anak yang meninggal
karena diare dan pneumonia.
karena diare dan pneumonia.
05:42
They kill literally
millions of children a year.
millions of children a year.
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Jutaan anak meninggal
karenanya setiap tahun.
karenanya setiap tahun.
05:45
We also need to help small farmers --
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Kita juga harus membantu
petani kecil --
petani kecil --
05:47
farmers who plow
small plots of land in Africa --
small plots of land in Africa --
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petani yang menggarap lahan
kecil di Afrika --
kecil di Afrika --
05:52
so that they can grow enough food
to feed their children.
to feed their children.
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agar mereka dapat memberi makan
anaknya dari kebun sendiri.
anaknya dari kebun sendiri.
05:54
And we have to make sure that
children are educated around the world.
children are educated around the world.
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Kita musti memastikan agar anak
di seluruh dunia mendapat pendidikan.
di seluruh dunia mendapat pendidikan.
05:59
But one of the simplest
and most transformative things we can do
and most transformative things we can do
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Satu contoh yang paling simpel dan
transformatif yang bisa kita lakukan
transformatif yang bisa kita lakukan
06:04
is to give everybody access
to birth control methods
to birth control methods
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adalah memberikan akses
metode KB pada semua orang
metode KB pada semua orang
06:08
that almost all Germans have access to
and all Americans, at some point,
and all Americans, at some point,
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seperti kebanyakan orang
di Jerman dan Amerika
di Jerman dan Amerika
06:13
they use these tools during their life.
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yang telah menggunakannya.
06:17
And I think as long as we're really clear
about what our agenda is,
about what our agenda is,
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Selama kita jelas dengan agenda
yang kita miliki,
yang kita miliki,
06:23
there's a global movement
waiting to happen
waiting to happen
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ada gerakan global yang
akan terjadi
akan terjadi
06:25
and ready to get behind
this totally uncontroversial idea.
this totally uncontroversial idea.
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dan siap mendukung ide yang
sama sekali tidak kontroversial ini.
sama sekali tidak kontroversial ini.
06:32
When I grew up,
I grew up in a Catholic home.
I grew up in a Catholic home.
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Saya besar di keluarga Katolik.
06:35
I still consider myself
a practicing Catholic.
a practicing Catholic.
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Saya adalah seorang Katolik yang taat.
06:39
My mom's great-uncle was a Jesuit priest.
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Paman buyut ibu saya
seorang pendeta Yesuit.
seorang pendeta Yesuit.
06:43
My great-aunt was a Dominican nun.
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Bibi buyut saya seorang
biarawati Dominikan.
biarawati Dominikan.
06:46
She was a schoolteacher
and a principal her entire life.
and a principal her entire life.
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Beliau adalah seorang pendidik
selama masa hidupnya.
selama masa hidupnya.
06:50
In fact, she's the one who taught me
as a young girl how to read.
as a young girl how to read.
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Bahkan beliau lah yang mengajari saya
membaca semasa saya kecil.
membaca semasa saya kecil.
06:55
I was very close to her.
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Saya sangat dekat dengannya.
06:57
And I went to Catholic schools
for my entire childhood
for my entire childhood
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Dan saya selalu bersekolah
di sekolah Katolik
di sekolah Katolik
07:00
until I left home to go to university.
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sampai saya meninggalkan rumah
untuk kuliah.
untuk kuliah.
07:03
In my high school, Ursuline Academy,
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Di SMA saya, Akademi Ursulin,
07:07
the nuns made service and social justice
a high priority in the school.
a high priority in the school.
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para biarawati menekankan pengabdian
dan keadilan sosial di sekolah.
dan keadilan sosial di sekolah.
07:14
Today, in the [Gates] Foundation's work,
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Kini, dalam keseharian Gates Foundation,
07:16
I believe I'm applying the lessons
that I learned in high school.
that I learned in high school.
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saya percaya saya mengamalkan
apa yang saya pelajari di SMA.
apa yang saya pelajari di SMA.
07:22
So, in the tradition of Catholic scholars,
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Sesuai dengan kebiasaan
cendekiawan Katolik,
cendekiawan Katolik,
07:25
the nuns also taught us
to question received teachings.
to question received teachings.
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para suster mengajarkan untuk
kritis terhadap pelajaran yang diterima.
kritis terhadap pelajaran yang diterima.
07:31
And one of the teachings that we girls
and my peers questioned
and my peers questioned
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Salah satu pelajaran yang kami
pertanyakan adalah
pertanyakan adalah
07:36
was is birth control really a sin?
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apakah KB betul berdosa?
07:41
Because I think one of the reasons
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Karena saya pikir salah satu alasan
07:43
we have this huge discomfort
talking about contraception
talking about contraception
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ada suatu ketidaknyamanan ketika
kita membicarakan tentang kontrasepsi
kita membicarakan tentang kontrasepsi
07:47
is this lingering concern
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adalah kekhawatiran yang selalu ada
07:49
that if we separate sex from reproduction,
we're going to promote promiscuity.
we're going to promote promiscuity.
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jika kita memisahkan antara seks dan
reproduksi, kita menggalakkan seks bebas.
reproduksi, kita menggalakkan seks bebas.
07:55
And I think that's a reasonable question
to be asked about contraception --
to be asked about contraception --
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Saya pikir itu pertanyaan yang wajar
tentang kontrasepsi --
tentang kontrasepsi --
07:59
what is its impact on sexual morality?
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apa akibatnya terhadap
moralitas seksual?
moralitas seksual?
08:05
But, like most women,
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Seperti wanita pada umumnya,
08:06
my decision about birth control
had nothing to do with promiscuity.
had nothing to do with promiscuity.
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keputusan saya tentang KB tidak ada
hubungannya sama sekali dengan seks bebas.
hubungannya sama sekali dengan seks bebas.
08:11
I had a plan for my future.
I wanted to go to college.
I wanted to go to college.
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Saya punya rencana untuk masa depan.
Saya ingin kuliah.
Saya ingin kuliah.
08:15
I studied really hard in college,
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Saya belajar sangat keras selama kuliah,
08:17
and I was proud to be one of the very few
female computer science graduates
female computer science graduates
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dan saya bangga menjadi salah satu
dari sedikit wisudawati ilmu komputer
dari sedikit wisudawati ilmu komputer
08:22
at my university.
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di universitas saya.
08:24
I wanted to have a career,
so I went on to business school
so I went on to business school
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Saya ingin mempunyai karir,
maka saya mengambil sekolah bisnis
maka saya mengambil sekolah bisnis
08:27
and I became one of the youngest
female executives at Microsoft.
female executives at Microsoft.
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dan menjadi salah satu eksekutif wanita
termuda di Microsoft.
termuda di Microsoft.
08:33
I still remember, though,
when I left my parents' home
when I left my parents' home
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Saya masih ingat, ketika
meninggalkan rumah orang tua
meninggalkan rumah orang tua
08:36
to move across the country
to start this new job at Microsoft.
to start this new job at Microsoft.
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untuk pindah dan memulai pekerjaan
baru di Microsoft.
baru di Microsoft.
08:40
They had sacrificed a lot
to give me five years of higher education.
to give me five years of higher education.
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Mereka telah berkorban banyak agar
saya bisa kuliah selama 5 tahun.
saya bisa kuliah selama 5 tahun.
08:46
But they said, as I left home --
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Mereka bilang,
ketika saya pergi
ketika saya pergi
08:47
and I literally went down the front steps,
down the porch at home --
down the porch at home --
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523720
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tepat ketika saya keluar dari pintu
beranda rumah
beranda rumah
08:51
and they said,
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mereka berkata,
08:52
"Even though you've had
this great education,
this great education,
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2400
"Seberapa hebatnya pendidikan
yang kamu dapatkan,
yang kamu dapatkan,
08:55
if you decide to get married
and have kids right away,
and have kids right away,
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jika kamu putuskan untuk menikah
dan langsung punya anak,
dan langsung punya anak,
09:00
that's OK by us, too."
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1680
kami pun tidak apa-apa."
09:03
They wanted me to do the thing
that would make me the very happiest.
that would make me the very happiest.
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Mereka ingin saya melakukan
apa yang membuat saya bahagia.
apa yang membuat saya bahagia.
09:08
I was free to decide what that would be.
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Saya bebas menentukan itu.
09:11
It was an amazing feeling.
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Sungguh perasaan yang luar biasa.
09:14
In fact, I did want to have kids --
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Sebenarnya, saya ingin mempunyai anak
09:18
but I wanted to have them
when I was ready.
when I was ready.
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namun saya ingin
ketika saya sudah siap.
ketika saya sudah siap.
09:22
And so now, Bill and I have three.
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Dan sekarang, Bill dan saya
punya tiga anak.
punya tiga anak.
09:26
And when our eldest daughter was born,
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2200
Ketika anak perempuan kami lahir,
09:28
we weren't, I would say,
exactly sure how to be great parents.
exactly sure how to be great parents.
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kami tidak yakin sepenuhnya
bagaimana menjadi orang tua yang hebat.
bagaimana menjadi orang tua yang hebat.
09:32
Maybe some of you know that feeling.
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568680
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Mungkin Anda tahu bagaimana rasanya.
09:35
And so we waited a little while
before we had our second child.
before we had our second child.
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Maka kami menunggu beberapa waktu
sebelum memutuskan yang kedua.
sebelum memutuskan yang kedua.
09:39
And it's no accident
that we have three children
that we have three children
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Jadi bukan suatu kebetulan
kami punya tiga anak
kami punya tiga anak
09:42
that are spaced three years apart.
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yang jaraknya masing-masing
tiga tahun.
tiga tahun.
09:45
Now, as a mother, what do I want
the very most for my children?
the very most for my children?
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Sebagai ibu, apa yang saya sangat
inginkan bagi anak-anak saya?
inginkan bagi anak-anak saya?
09:51
I want them to feel the way I did --
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587520
2200
Saya ingin mereka rasakan
apa yang saya rasakan
apa yang saya rasakan
09:54
like they can do anything
they want to do in life.
they want to do in life.
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3960
yaitu bisa melakukan apa pun
yang mereka inginkan dalam hidup mereka.
yang mereka inginkan dalam hidup mereka.
10:00
And so, what has struck me
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596040
1616
Apa yang saya temui
10:01
as I've travelled the last decade
for the foundation around the world
for the foundation around the world
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4000
ketika saya berkeliling dunia untuk
yayasan ini sepuluh tahun terakhir
yayasan ini sepuluh tahun terakhir
10:06
is that all women want that same thing.
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adalah semua wanita menginginkan
hal yang sama.
hal yang sama.
10:11
Last year, I was in Nairobi, in the slums,
in one called Korogocho --
in one called Korogocho --
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Tahun lalu, di Nairobi, di perkampungan
kumuh yang bernama Kogorocho
kumuh yang bernama Kogorocho
10:16
which literally means when translated,
"standing shoulder to shoulder."
"standing shoulder to shoulder."
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4560
yang artinya "dari bahu ke bahu."
10:21
And I spoke with this women's group
that's pictured here.
that's pictured here.
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Saya berbicara dengan kelompok ibu
yang ada di layar.
yang ada di layar.
10:24
And the women talked very openly
about their family life in the slums,
about their family life in the slums,
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620920
4136
Mereka berbicara tentang keluarga mereka
di perkampungan kumuh dengan terbuka,
di perkampungan kumuh dengan terbuka,
10:29
what it was like.
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625080
1416
tentang bagaimana rasanya.
10:30
And they talked quite intimately
about what they did for birth control.
about what they did for birth control.
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3600
Mereka juga bicara tentang jenis KB
yang mereka gunakan.
yang mereka gunakan.
10:34
Marianne, in the center of the screen
in the red sweater,
in the red sweater,
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630920
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Marianne, yang berbaju merah
dan duduk di tengah,
dan duduk di tengah,
10:38
she summed up that entire
two-hour conversation
two-hour conversation
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3736
merangkum keseluruhan diskusi
yang berdurasi 2 jam tersebut
yang berdurasi 2 jam tersebut
10:41
in a phrase that I will never forget.
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637840
2320
dalam satu kalimat yang saya
tidak akan lupakan.
tidak akan lupakan.
10:45
She said, "I want to bring
every good thing to this child
every good thing to this child
169
641240
6360
Katanya, "Saya ingin memberikan semua
yang terbaik untuk anak saya sebelum
yang terbaik untuk anak saya sebelum
10:52
before I have another."
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648520
1400
yang berikutnya lahir."
10:55
And I thought -- that's it.
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Dan saya pikir -- itulah.
10:57
That's universal.
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1640
Ia universal.
10:59
We all want to bring
every good thing to our children.
every good thing to our children.
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655240
4600
Kita semua ingin memberikan yang
terbaik bagi anak kita.
terbaik bagi anak kita.
11:04
But what's not universal is our ability
to provide every good thing.
to provide every good thing.
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4320
Namun apa yang tidak universal adalah
kemampuan kita untuk menyediakannya.
kemampuan kita untuk menyediakannya.
11:09
So many women suffer
from domestic violence.
from domestic violence.
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Begitu banyak wanita jadi
korban kekerasan rumah tangga.
korban kekerasan rumah tangga.
11:12
And they can't even
broach the subject of contraception,
broach the subject of contraception,
176
668680
3056
Mereka bahkan tidak boleh
membicarakan kontrasepsi
membicarakan kontrasepsi
11:15
even inside their own marriage.
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671760
1840
dalam keluarga mereka.
11:18
There are many women
who lack basic education.
who lack basic education.
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2880
Banyak wanita yang tidak
punya pendidikan dasar.
punya pendidikan dasar.
11:21
Even many of the women
who do have knowledge and do have power
who do have knowledge and do have power
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Bahkan mereka yang terdidik
dan kuat dalam rumah tangga
dan kuat dalam rumah tangga
11:27
don't have access to contraceptives.
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683440
2656
tidak punya akses KB.
11:30
For 250 years, parents around the world
181
686120
5016
Selama 250 tahun, orang tua
di seluruh dunia
di seluruh dunia
11:35
have been deciding
to have smaller families.
to have smaller families.
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691160
2760
sedikit demi sedikit memutuskan
untuk punya keluarga kecil.
untuk punya keluarga kecil.
11:38
This trend has been steady
for a quarter of a millennium,
for a quarter of a millennium,
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694960
4176
Tren ini konstan selama
seperempat milenia,
seperempat milenia,
11:43
across cultures and across geographies,
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699160
2840
di berbagai kebudayaan
di berbagai tempat,
di berbagai tempat,
11:46
with the glaring exception
of sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia.
of sub-Saharan Africa and South Asia.
185
702800
5480
dengan pengecualian wilayah
sub Sahara Afrika dan Asia Selatan.
sub Sahara Afrika dan Asia Selatan.
11:53
The French started bringing down
their family size in the mid-1700s.
their family size in the mid-1700s.
186
709920
4456
Prancis mulai mengurangi ukuran
keluarga di tengah tahun 1700-an.
keluarga di tengah tahun 1700-an.
11:58
And over the next 150 years,
this trend spread all across Europe.
this trend spread all across Europe.
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714400
5920
Selama 150 tahun berikutnya, tren ini
menyebar di seluruh Eropa.
menyebar di seluruh Eropa.
12:05
The surprising thing to me,
as I learned this history,
as I learned this history,
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3576
Hal yang mengejutkan bagi saya,
ketika saya pelajari sejarahnya,
ketika saya pelajari sejarahnya,
12:08
was that it spread not along socioeconomic
lines but around cultural lines.
lines but around cultural lines.
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724600
6816
adalah ia tidak menyebar pada level
sosial ekonomi, namun kultural.
sosial ekonomi, namun kultural.
12:15
People who spoke the same language
made that change as a group.
made that change as a group.
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731440
3856
Mereka yang bicara satu bahasa
melakukan perubahan secara bersamaan.
melakukan perubahan secara bersamaan.
12:19
They made the same choice
for their family,
for their family,
191
735320
2576
Mereka membuat keputusan
yang sama dalam keluarga,
yang sama dalam keluarga,
12:21
whether they were rich
or whether they were poor.
or whether they were poor.
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737920
3000
baik mereka kaya ataupun miskin.
12:26
The reason that trend
toward smaller families spread
toward smaller families spread
193
742400
3216
Alasan tren keluarga kecil menyebar
12:29
was that this whole way
was driven by an idea --
was driven by an idea --
194
745640
3200
adalah karena satu ide
yang menggerakkannya --
yang menggerakkannya --
12:33
the idea that couples
can exercise conscious control
can exercise conscious control
195
749320
5016
bahwa pasangan memiliki kontrol
akan jumlah anak
akan jumlah anak
12:38
over how many children they have.
196
754360
1920
yang mereka punya.
12:41
This is a very powerful idea.
197
757640
3560
Ini adalah ide yang sangat kuat.
12:45
It means that parents have
the ability to affect the future,
the ability to affect the future,
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761680
4240
Ia berarti orang tua mempunyai kemampuan
untuk merencanakan masa depan,
untuk merencanakan masa depan,
12:50
not just accept it as it is.
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766400
3240
dan tidak hanya menerima saja.
12:54
In France, the average family size
went down every decade
went down every decade
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770960
4056
Di Prancis, ukuran suatu keluarga
menurun tiap dekadenya
menurun tiap dekadenya
12:59
for 150 years in a row
until it stabilized.
until it stabilized.
201
775040
3720
selama 150 tahun berturut-turut
sampai ia akhirnya stabil.
sampai ia akhirnya stabil.
13:03
It took so long back then because
the contraceptives weren't that good.
the contraceptives weren't that good.
202
779440
4320
Ia berlangsung cukup lama karena
kontrasepsi yang ada belum begitu bagus.
kontrasepsi yang ada belum begitu bagus.
13:08
In Germany, this transition started
in the 1880s, and it took just 50 years
in the 1880s, and it took just 50 years
203
784480
6216
DI Jerman, transisi ini bermula di
tahun 1880an, hanya butuh 50 tahun
tahun 1880an, hanya butuh 50 tahun
13:14
for family size
to stabilize in this country.
to stabilize in this country.
204
790720
2640
untuk menstabilkan ukuran keluarga
di negara itu.
di negara itu.
13:18
And in Asia and Latin America,
the transition started in the 1960s,
the transition started in the 1960s,
205
794120
4616
Di Asia dan Amerika Latin, transisi
bermula di tahun 1960an,
bermula di tahun 1960an,
13:22
and it happened much faster
because of modern contraception.
because of modern contraception.
206
798760
4120
dan berlangsung lebih cepat
karena kontrasepsi modern.
karena kontrasepsi modern.
13:29
I think, as we go through this history,
it's important to pause for a moment
it's important to pause for a moment
207
805160
5816
Saya pikir, berdasarkan sejarah yang ada,
penting untuk berhenti sejenak
penting untuk berhenti sejenak
13:35
and to remember why this has become
such a contentious issue.
such a contentious issue.
208
811000
5056
dan mengingat mengapa masalah
ini sering diperdebatkan.
ini sering diperdebatkan.
13:40
It's because some family planning programs
209
816080
2656
Ia dikarenakan beberapa program KB
13:42
resorted to unfortunate incentives
and coercive policies.
and coercive policies.
210
818760
4840
menggunakan insentif yang buruk
dan kebijakan yang memaksa.
dan kebijakan yang memaksa.
13:48
For instance, in the 1960s, India
adopted very specific numeric targets
adopted very specific numeric targets
211
824480
6856
Contohnya, tahun 1960-an, India mengadopsi
target numerik yang sangat spesifik
target numerik yang sangat spesifik
13:55
and they paid women to accept
having an IUD placed in their bodies.
having an IUD placed in their bodies.
212
831360
4280
dan mereka membayar para ibu untuk
mau menggunakan IUD.
mau menggunakan IUD.
14:00
Now, Indian women were
really smart in this situation.
really smart in this situation.
213
836200
3376
Para wanita di India sangat
cerdik dalam situasi ini.
cerdik dalam situasi ini.
14:03
When they went to get an IUD inserted,
they got paid six rupees.
they got paid six rupees.
214
839600
3496
Ketika mereka mau dipasangi IUD,
mereka dibayar 6 rupee.
mereka dibayar 6 rupee.
14:07
And so what did they do?
215
843120
1200
Apa yang mereka lakukan?
14:08
They waited a few hours or a few days,
216
844960
2016
Mereka tunggu beberapa
jam atau hari,
jam atau hari,
14:11
and they went to another service provider
and had the IUD removed for one rupee.
and had the IUD removed for one rupee.
217
847000
5200
dan mereka pergi ke tempat lain
dan minta IUD dilepas dengan 1 rupee.
dan minta IUD dilepas dengan 1 rupee.
14:18
For decades in the United States,
218
854200
2560
Selama beberapa dekade di
Amerika Serikat,
Amerika Serikat,
14:21
African-American women
were sterilized without their consent.
were sterilized without their consent.
219
857280
4680
wanita keturunan Afrika-Amerika
disterilisasi dengan paksa.
disterilisasi dengan paksa.
14:26
The procedure was so common
220
862880
2216
Prosedurnya sangat umum
14:29
it became known as
the Mississippi appendectomy --
the Mississippi appendectomy --
221
865120
3520
sampai dikenal dengan sebutan
apendektomi Mississippi --
apendektomi Mississippi --
14:33
a tragic chapter in my country's history.
222
869200
3000
sungguh sejarah tragis di negara saya.
14:37
And as recently as the 1990s, in Peru,
223
873400
2776
Pada tahun 1990-an di Peru
14:40
women from the Andes region
were given anesthesia
were given anesthesia
224
876200
3496
wanita dari daerah Andes
diberikan anestesi
diberikan anestesi
14:43
and they were sterilized
without their knowledge.
without their knowledge.
225
879720
2920
dan mereka disterilkan
tanpa mereka sadari.
tanpa mereka sadari.
14:48
The most startling thing about this
226
884200
2616
Yang lucunya adalah
14:50
is that these coercive policies
weren't even needed.
weren't even needed.
227
886840
2736
semua kebijakan paksa ini
tidaklah perlu.
tidaklah perlu.
14:53
They were carried out in places
228
889600
1816
Mereka dilakukan di daerah di mana
14:55
where parents already
wanted to lower their family size.
wanted to lower their family size.
229
891440
4120
orang tua ingin ukuran keluarga
mereka mengecil.
mereka mengecil.
15:00
Because in region after region,
again and again,
again and again,
230
896120
3296
Karena di berbagai tempat,
sesungguhnya,
sesungguhnya,
15:03
parents have wanted
to have smaller families.
to have smaller families.
231
899440
2920
mereka sudah menginginkan
keluarga yang lebih kecil.
keluarga yang lebih kecil.
15:07
There's no reason to believe
232
903600
1776
Tidak ada alasan untuk percaya
15:09
that African women
have innately different desires.
have innately different desires.
233
905400
3600
bahwa wanita di Afrika menginginkan
sesuatu yang berbeda.
sesuatu yang berbeda.
15:13
Given the option,
they will have fewer children.
they will have fewer children.
234
909520
3680
Jika diberi pilihan, mereka
akan memilih punya anak lebih sedikit.
akan memilih punya anak lebih sedikit.
15:18
The question is:
235
914080
1496
Pertanyaannya:
15:19
will we invest in helping
all women get what they want now?
all women get what they want now?
236
915600
5480
apakah kita mau berinvestasi dalam
membantu apa yang mereka inginkan?
membantu apa yang mereka inginkan?
15:25
Or, are we going to condemn them
to some century-long struggle,
to some century-long struggle,
237
921880
4696
Ataukah kita akan membiarkan mereka
dalam perjuangan berabad-abad,
dalam perjuangan berabad-abad,
15:30
as if this was still revolutionary France
238
926600
2736
seakan-akan ini masih Prancis
jaman revolusi
jaman revolusi
15:33
and the best method
was coitus interruptus?
was coitus interruptus?
239
929360
2800
dan metode yang terbaik adalah
tidak berhubungan seksual?
tidak berhubungan seksual?
15:39
Empowering parents --
it doesn't need justification.
it doesn't need justification.
240
935320
4280
Memberdayakan orang tua --
tidak memerlukan pembenaran.
tidak memerlukan pembenaran.
15:44
But here's the thing -- our desire
to bring every good thing to our children
to bring every good thing to our children
241
940560
6856
Keinginan kita untuk memberikan
yang terbaik bagi anak-anak kita
yang terbaik bagi anak-anak kita
15:51
is a force for good throughout the world.
242
947440
2840
adalah kekuatan positif di dunia ini.
15:54
It's what propels societies forward.
243
950640
2480
Itulah apa yang menggerakkan
masyarakat untuk maju.
masyarakat untuk maju.
15:58
In that same slum in Nairobi,
I met a young businesswoman,
I met a young businesswoman,
244
954600
3936
Di kampung kumuh yang sama di Nairobi,
saya bertemu seorang pengusaha wanita,
saya bertemu seorang pengusaha wanita,
16:02
and she was making backpacks
out of her home.
out of her home.
245
958560
2216
ia membuat ransel di rumahnya.
16:04
She and her young kids
would go to the local jeans factory
would go to the local jeans factory
246
960800
3336
Ia dan anak-anaknya yang masih kecil
pergi ke pabrik jeans setempat
pergi ke pabrik jeans setempat
16:08
and collect scraps of denim.
247
964160
1736
mengumpulkan sisa
bahan kain denim.
bahan kain denim.
16:09
She'd create these backpacks
and resell them.
and resell them.
248
965920
2536
Ia membuat ransel dari bahan ini
dan menjualnya.
dan menjualnya.
16:12
And when I talked with her,
she had three children,
she had three children,
249
968480
2381
Saya berbicara dengannya,
ia punya tiga anak,
ia punya tiga anak,
16:14
and I asked her about her family.
250
970885
1576
saya tanya tentang keluarganya.
16:16
And she said she and her husband decided
251
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Ia bilang ia dan suaminya memutuskan
16:18
that they wanted to stop
having children after their third one.
having children after their third one.
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untuk berhenti punya anak
setelah anak mereka yang ketiga.
setelah anak mereka yang ketiga.
16:21
And so when I asked her why,
she simply said,
she simply said,
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Ketika saya tanya kenapa,
ia bilang,
ia bilang,
16:24
"Well, because I couldn't run
my business if I had another child."
my business if I had another child."
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"Karena saya tidak bisa menjalankan
bisnis kalau saya punya anak lagi."
bisnis kalau saya punya anak lagi."
16:27
And she explained the income
that she was getting out of her business
that she was getting out of her business
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Ia menjelaskan bahwa pemasukan bisnisnya
16:31
afforded her to be able to give
an education to all three of her children.
an education to all three of her children.
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dapat membuatnya bisa
menyekolahkan ketiga anaknya.
menyekolahkan ketiga anaknya.
16:35
She was incredibly optimistic
about her family's future.
about her family's future.
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Ia sangat optimistik akan
masa depan anak-anaknya.
masa depan anak-anaknya.
16:41
This is the same mental calculus
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Ini adalah perhitungan yang sama
16:43
that hundreds of millions
of men and women have gone through.
of men and women have gone through.
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yang ada di benak ratusan juta
pria dan wanita di seluruh dunia.
pria dan wanita di seluruh dunia.
16:47
And evidence proves
that they have it exactly right.
that they have it exactly right.
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Dan banyak bukti bahwa
mereka benar.
mereka benar.
16:52
They are able to give their children
more opportunities
more opportunities
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1008320
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Mereka dapat memberikan anak
mereka kesempatan lebih baik
mereka kesempatan lebih baik
16:56
by exercising control
over when they have them.
over when they have them.
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dengan mengontrol jumlah
anak yang mereka punya.
anak yang mereka punya.
17:01
In Bangladesh,
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Di Bangladesh,
17:02
there's a district called Matlab.
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1018600
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ada distrik bernama Matlab.
17:04
It's where researchers have collected data
on over 180,000 inhabitants since 1963.
on over 180,000 inhabitants since 1963.
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1020560
6736
Di mana ilmuwan mengumpulkan data
dari 180.000 penduduk sejak 1963.
dari 180.000 penduduk sejak 1963.
17:11
In the global health community,
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1027319
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Di komunitas kesehatan global,
17:12
we like to say it's one of the longest
pieces of research that's been running.
pieces of research that's been running.
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1028880
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kita sering menyebutnya salah satu riset
terlama yang tengah berlangsung.
terlama yang tengah berlangsung.
17:16
We have so many great health statistics.
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1032599
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Ada banyak statistik
kesehatan yang bagus.
kesehatan yang bagus.
17:18
In one of the studies, what did they do?
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Apa salah satu risetnya?
17:21
Half the villagers
were chosen to get contraceptives.
were chosen to get contraceptives.
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1037359
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Sebagian penduduk desa
memilih untuk KB.
memilih untuk KB.
17:25
They got education
and access to contraception.
and access to contraception.
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Mereka mendapatkan pengetahuan
dan akses terhadap alat KB.
dan akses terhadap alat KB.
17:28
Twenty years later,
following those villages,
following those villages,
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1044680
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20 tahun kemudian,
mengikuti perkembangan mereka,
mengikuti perkembangan mereka,
17:31
what we learned is that they had a better
quality of life than their neighbors.
quality of life than their neighbors.
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1047880
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kami pelajari bahwa mereka punya kualitas
hidup lebih baik dari tetangga mereka.
hidup lebih baik dari tetangga mereka.
17:35
The families were healthier.
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1051920
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Keluarga mereka lebih sehat.
17:37
The women were less likely
to die in childbirth.
to die in childbirth.
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1053640
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Lebih sedikit wanitanya yang
meninggal ketika melahirkan.
meninggal ketika melahirkan.
17:40
Their children were less likely
to die in the first thirty days of life.
to die in the first thirty days of life.
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1056800
4016
Lebih sedikit anak-anak yang mati
dalam 30 hari pertama hidupnya.
dalam 30 hari pertama hidupnya.
17:44
The children were better nourished.
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1060840
2296
Gizi anak-anak lebih baik.
17:47
The families were also wealthier.
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1063160
2016
Keluarga di sana lebih kaya.
17:49
The adult women's wages were higher.
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1065200
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Penghasilan para wanita lebih tinggi.
17:51
Households had more assets --
things like livestock or land or savings.
things like livestock or land or savings.
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1067720
4520
Keluarga punya aset lebih --
seperti ternak, tanah, atau tabungan.
seperti ternak, tanah, atau tabungan.
17:56
Finally, their sons and daughters
had more schooling.
had more schooling.
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1072800
3520
Dan anak-anak mereka
bersekolah lebih layak.
bersekolah lebih layak.
18:01
So when you multiply these types
of effects over millions of families,
of effects over millions of families,
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1077480
5520
Jadi ketika Anda mengalikan efek ini
dengan jutaan keluarga yang ada,
dengan jutaan keluarga yang ada,
18:07
the product can be large-scale
economic development.
economic development.
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1083440
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hasilnya adalah pertumbuhan ekonomi
skala besar.
skala besar.
18:11
People talk about the Asian
economic miracle of the 1980s --
economic miracle of the 1980s --
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1087560
4056
Orang bicara tentang keajaiban ekonomi
di Asia tahun 1980-an --
di Asia tahun 1980-an --
18:15
but it wasn't really a miracle.
285
1091640
2056
namun ia bukanlah suatu keajaiban semata.
18:17
One of the leading causes
of economic growth across that region
of economic growth across that region
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1093720
3536
Satu penyebab utama pertumbuhan ekonomi
di wilayah tersebut
di wilayah tersebut
18:21
was this cultural trend
towards smaller families.
towards smaller families.
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1097280
3840
adalah tren budaya membentuk
keluarga kecil.
keluarga kecil.
18:26
Sweeping changes start
at the individual family level --
at the individual family level --
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1102600
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Perubahan bermula dari
level keluarga --
level keluarga --
18:30
the family making a decision
about what's best for their children.
about what's best for their children.
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1106520
4440
Keluarga memutuskan apa yang terbaik
bagi anak-anak mereka.
bagi anak-anak mereka.
18:35
When they make that change
and that decision,
and that decision,
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1111760
3016
Ketika mereka membuat perubahan
dan keputusan tersebut,
dan keputusan tersebut,
18:38
those become sweeping
regional and national trends.
regional and national trends.
291
1114800
3720
ia menjadi tren regional
dan nasional.
dan nasional.
18:43
When families in sub-Saharan Africa
are given the opportunity
are given the opportunity
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1119160
4136
Ketika keluarga di sub Sahara Afrika
diberikan pilihan
diberikan pilihan
18:47
to make those decisions for themselves,
293
1123320
2360
untuk membuat keputusan sendiri,
18:50
I think it will help spark
a virtuous cycle of development
a virtuous cycle of development
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1126280
3256
saya pikir ia akan mencetuskan
siklus pertumbuhan yang baik
siklus pertumbuhan yang baik
18:53
in communities across the continent.
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1129560
2760
di masyarakat di seluruh benua tersebut.
18:58
We can help poor families
build a better future.
build a better future.
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1134000
3856
Kita dapat membantu mereka
membangun masa depan lebih baik.
membangun masa depan lebih baik.
19:01
We can insist that all people
have the opportunity
have the opportunity
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1137880
3696
Kita dapat meyakinkan bahwa semua
punya kesempatan
punya kesempatan
19:05
to learn about contraceptives
298
1141600
1936
untuk mempelajari tentang kontrasepsi
19:07
and have access
to the full variety of methods.
to the full variety of methods.
299
1143560
3280
dan mempunyai akses ke
seluruh metode KB.
seluruh metode KB.
19:12
I think the goal here is really clear:
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1148040
2856
Saya pikir tujuan kita
sangat jelas:
sangat jelas:
19:14
universal access to birth control
that women want.
that women want.
301
1150920
4880
akses KB universal
yang para ibu inginkan.
yang para ibu inginkan.
19:20
And for that to happen, it means that
both rich and poor governments alike
both rich and poor governments alike
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1156360
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Agar dapat berhasil, semua pemerintah
baik yang kaya dan miskin
baik yang kaya dan miskin
19:25
must make contraception a total priority.
303
1161680
3520
musti memprioritaskan kontrasepsi.
19:29
We can do our part,
in this room and globally,
in this room and globally,
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1165760
3976
Kita dapat ikut serta,
baik di sini maupun secara global,
baik di sini maupun secara global,
19:33
by talking about the hundreds
of millions of families
of millions of families
305
1169760
3256
dengan berbicara tentang
ratusan juta keluarga
ratusan juta keluarga
19:37
that don't have access
to contraception today
to contraception today
306
1173040
2896
yang tidak punya akses
terhadap KB
terhadap KB
19:39
and what it would do to change
their lives if they did have access.
their lives if they did have access.
307
1175960
3720
dan perubahan hidup seperti apa yang
mereka bisa dapatkan jika ada akses KB.
mereka bisa dapatkan jika ada akses KB.
19:44
I think if Marianne
and the members of her women's group
and the members of her women's group
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1180680
3736
Saya pikir jika Marianne dan anggota
dari kelompok wanitanya
dari kelompok wanitanya
19:48
can talk about this openly
309
1184440
2296
dapat berbicara tentang hal ini
secara terbuka
secara terbuka
19:50
and have this discussion
out amongst themselves and in public,
out amongst themselves and in public,
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1186760
3400
dan dapat berdiskusi
baik internal maupun secara publik,
baik internal maupun secara publik,
19:54
we can, too.
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1190800
1360
kita pun bisa.
19:56
And we need to start now.
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1192760
1480
Dan kita musti mulai sekarang.
19:59
Because like Marianne, we all want
to bring every good thing to our children.
to bring every good thing to our children.
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1195480
6560
Karena seperti Marianne, kita semua
menginginkan yang terbaik bagi anak kita.
menginginkan yang terbaik bagi anak kita.
20:06
And where is the controversy in that?
314
1202800
2640
Dan di mana letak kontroversinya?
20:10
Thank you.
315
1206160
1216
Terima kasih.
20:11
(Applause)
316
1207400
2736
(Tepuk tangan)
20:14
Chris Anderson: Thank you.
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1210160
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C. Anderson: Terima kasih.
20:22
I have some questions for Melinda.
318
1218360
3976
Saya punya pertanyaan untuk Melinda.
20:26
(Applause ends)
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(Tepuk tangan berhenti)
20:27
Thank you for your courage
and everything else.
and everything else.
320
1223680
2960
Terima kasih untuk keberanian Anda
dan semuanya.
dan semuanya.
20:31
So, Melinda, in the last few years
321
1227480
2496
Melinda, dalam beberapa tahun terakhir
20:34
I've heard a lot of smart people
say something to the effect of,
say something to the effect of,
322
1230000
3720
saya banyak mendengar
orang pandai yang bilang,
orang pandai yang bilang,
20:39
"We don't need to worry
about the population issue anymore.
about the population issue anymore.
323
1235400
3456
"Kita tidak perlu mengkhawatirkan
masalah populasi lagi.
masalah populasi lagi.
20:42
Family sizes are coming down
naturally all over the world.
naturally all over the world.
324
1238880
3496
Ukuran keluarga turun secara alami
di setiap belahan dunia.
di setiap belahan dunia.
20:46
We're going to peak
at nine or 10 billion. And that's it."
at nine or 10 billion. And that's it."
325
1242400
2960
Puncaknya adalah 9 atau 10 miliar.
Itu saja."
Itu saja."
20:50
Are they wrong?
326
1246720
1216
Apakah mereka salah?
20:51
Melinda Gates: If you look
at the statistics across Africa,
at the statistics across Africa,
327
1247960
2776
M. Gates: Jika Anda lihat statistik
yang ada di Afrika,
yang ada di Afrika,
20:54
they are wrong.
328
1250760
1216
mereka salah.
20:56
And I think we need to look at it,
though, from a different lens.
though, from a different lens.
329
1252000
3056
Saya pikir kita perlu melihatnya
dari berbagai sudut pandang.
dari berbagai sudut pandang.
20:59
We need to look at it
from the ground upwards.
from the ground upwards.
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1255080
2176
Kita perlu melihatnya dari bawah.
21:01
I think that's one of the reasons
we got ourselves in so much trouble
we got ourselves in so much trouble
331
1257280
3256
Itulah salah satu alasan mengapa
ada begitu banyak masalah
ada begitu banyak masalah
21:04
on this issue of contraception.
332
1260560
1696
dalam topik kontrasepsi.
21:06
We looked at it from top down
333
1262280
1381
Kita melihatnya dari atas
21:07
and said we want to have different
population numbers over time.
population numbers over time.
334
1263685
3531
dan berkata seiring waktu kita ingin
jumlah populasi berubah.
jumlah populasi berubah.
21:11
Yes, we care about the planet.
Yes, we need to make the right choices.
Yes, we need to make the right choices.
335
1267240
3296
Ya, kita peduli pada planet ini
dan musti membuat keputusan tepat.
dan musti membuat keputusan tepat.
21:14
But the choices have to be made
at the family level.
at the family level.
336
1270560
2576
Namun keputusan itu musti dibuat
di level keluarga.
di level keluarga.
21:17
And it's only by giving people access
and letting them choose what to do
and letting them choose what to do
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1273160
4336
Hanya dengan memberikan mereka akses
dan membiarkan mereka memilih sendiri lah
dan membiarkan mereka memilih sendiri lah
21:21
that you get those sweeping changes
that we have seen globally --
that we have seen globally --
338
1277520
3056
Anda dapatkan perubahan menyeluruh
yang kita lihat secara global
yang kita lihat secara global
21:24
except for sub-Saharan Africa and those
places in South Asia and Afghanistan.
places in South Asia and Afghanistan.
339
1280600
4680
kecuali di sub Sahara Afrika dan beberapa
tempat di Asia Selatan dan Afghanistan.
tempat di Asia Selatan dan Afghanistan.
21:31
CA: Some people on the right in America
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1287920
2096
CA: Orang-orang sayap kanan di Amerka
21:34
and in many conservative cultures
around the world
around the world
341
1290040
3400
dan di beberapa kebudayaan konservatif
di seluruh dunia
di seluruh dunia
21:39
might say something like this:
342
1295360
1816
mungkin bilang seperti ini:
21:41
"It's all very well to talk about saving
lives and empowering women and so on.
lives and empowering women and so on.
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1297200
3667
"Boleh saja bicara tentang menyelamatkan
nyawa dan pemberdayaan wanita.
nyawa dan pemberdayaan wanita.
21:44
But, sex is sacred.
344
1300891
1960
Namun seks itu sakral.
21:48
What you're proposing
is going to increase the likelihood
is going to increase the likelihood
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1304000
4016
Apa yang Anda usulkan akan
memperbesar kemungkinan
memperbesar kemungkinan
21:52
that lots of sex happens outside marriage.
346
1308040
2216
seks di luar nikah akan meningkat.
21:54
And that is wrong."
347
1310280
1440
Dan itu salah."
21:56
What would you say to them?
348
1312600
2056
Apa yang akan Anda katakan?
21:58
MG: I would say
that sex is absolutely sacred.
that sex is absolutely sacred.
349
1314680
3256
MG: Saya akan bilang bahwa
memang seks itu sakral.
memang seks itu sakral.
22:01
And it's sacred in Germany,
and it's sacred in the United States,
and it's sacred in the United States,
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1317960
3096
Sakral di Jerman,
sakral di Amerika Serikat,
sakral di Amerika Serikat,
22:05
and it's sacred in France
and so many places around the world.
and so many places around the world.
351
1321080
3096
sakral di Prancis
dan di seluruh dunia.
dan di seluruh dunia.
22:08
And the fact that 98 percent of women
in my country who are sexually experienced
in my country who are sexually experienced
352
1324200
4896
Fakta bahwa 98 persen wanita di negara
saya yang pernah berhubungan seksual
saya yang pernah berhubungan seksual
22:13
say they use birth control
doesn't make sex any less sacred.
doesn't make sex any less sacred.
353
1329120
4176
mengatakan bahwa menggunakan KB
tidak berarti seks jadi kurang sakral.
tidak berarti seks jadi kurang sakral.
22:17
It just means that they're getting
to make choices about their lives.
to make choices about their lives.
354
1333320
3256
KB berarti mempunyai pilihan
akan hidup mereka.
akan hidup mereka.
22:20
And I think in that choice,
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1336600
1296
Saya pikir pilihan tersebut
22:21
we're also honoring
the sacredness of the family
the sacredness of the family
356
1337920
2896
juga menghargai kesakralan
dari sebuah keluarga
dari sebuah keluarga
22:24
and the sacredness of the mother's life
357
1340840
2256
dan nyawa seorang ibu
22:27
and the childrens' lives
by saving their lives.
by saving their lives.
358
1343120
2256
dan nyawa anak-anaknya
dengan menyelamatkannya.
dengan menyelamatkannya.
22:29
To me, that's incredibly sacred, too.
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1345400
2280
Bagi saya, hal itu juga sangat sakral.
22:32
CA: So what is your foundation
doing to promote this issue?
doing to promote this issue?
360
1348760
4736
CA: Jadi apa yang yayasan Anda lakukan
untuk menggalakkan masalah ini?
untuk menggalakkan masalah ini?
22:37
And what could people here
and people listening on the web --
and people listening on the web --
361
1353520
4016
Apa yang kita di sini dan para netizen
yang mendengarkan ini
yang mendengarkan ini
22:41
what would you like them to do?
362
1357560
1536
bisa lakukan?
22:43
MG: I would say this --
join the conversation.
join the conversation.
363
1359120
2143
MG: Ikut serta dalam perbincangan
tentang KB.
tentang KB.
22:45
We've listed the website up here.
Join the conversation.
Join the conversation.
364
1361287
4169
Kami telah membuat daftar website di sini.
Ikutlah serta di dalamnya.
Ikutlah serta di dalamnya.
22:49
Tell your story about how contraception
has either changed your life
has either changed your life
365
1365480
3816
Ceritakan bagaimana kontrasepsi
telah mengubah hidup Anda
telah mengubah hidup Anda
22:53
or somebody's life that you know.
366
1369320
2016
atau hidup seseorang yang
Anda kenal.
Anda kenal.
22:55
And say that you're for this.
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1371360
1381
Dan katakan jika Anda setuju.
22:56
We need a groundswell
of people saying, "This makes sense.
of people saying, "This makes sense.
368
1372765
2715
Kita perlu orang-orang berkata,
"Ini masuk akal.
"Ini masuk akal.
22:59
We've got to give all women access --
no matter where they live."
no matter where they live."
369
1375504
3392
Kita musti memberi akses pada semua wanita
di mana pun mereka berada."
di mana pun mereka berada."
23:02
And one of the things
that we're going to do
that we're going to do
370
1378920
2096
Salah satu hal yang akan
kita lakukan
kita lakukan
23:05
is do a large event July 11 in London,
371
1381040
3176
adalah membuat satu event besar,
11 Juli di London,
11 Juli di London,
23:08
with a whole host of countries,
a whole host of African nations,
a whole host of African nations,
372
1384240
3376
dengan berbagai orang
dari negara Afrika
dari negara Afrika
23:11
to all say we're putting this back
on the global health agenda.
on the global health agenda.
373
1387640
3136
yang akan mengutamakan KB
dalam agenda kesehatan global.
dalam agenda kesehatan global.
23:14
We're going to commit resources to it,
374
1390800
1856
Kita akan mengusahakan
sumber daya
sumber daya
23:16
and we're going to do planning
from the bottom up with governments
from the bottom up with governments
375
1392680
3136
dan perencanaan dari bawah
ke atas dengan pemerintah
ke atas dengan pemerintah
23:19
to make sure that women are educated --
376
1395840
2096
agar perempuan bisa
mendapat pendidikan --
mendapat pendidikan --
23:21
so that if they
want the tool, they have it,
want the tool, they have it,
377
1397960
2456
agar jika mereka mau,
mereka bisa mendapatkannya,
mereka bisa mendapatkannya,
23:24
and that they have
lots of options available
lots of options available
378
1400440
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dan bisa ada banyak
pilihan yang tersedia
pilihan yang tersedia
23:26
either through
their local healthcare worker
their local healthcare worker
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baik melalui pekerja
kesehatan setempat
kesehatan setempat
23:28
or their local community rural clinic.
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maupun klinik
pedesaan lokal.
pedesaan lokal.
23:31
CA: Melinda, I'm guessing that some
of those nuns who taught you at school
of those nuns who taught you at school
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CA: Melinda, saya tebak para suster
yang mengajar Anda di sekolah
yang mengajar Anda di sekolah
23:36
are going to see
this TED Talk at some point.
this TED Talk at some point.
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suatu saat akan menyaksikan
seminar TED ini.
seminar TED ini.
23:39
Are they going to be horrified,
or are they cheering you on?
or are they cheering you on?
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Apakah mereka akan terkejut
atau mendukung Anda?
atau mendukung Anda?
23:42
MG: I know they're going
to see the TED Talk
to see the TED Talk
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MG: Saya tahu mereka
akan menyaksikannya
akan menyaksikannya
23:45
because they know that I'm doing it
and I plan to send it to them.
and I plan to send it to them.
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karena mereka tahu sebelumnya
dan saya akan kirimkan videonya.
dan saya akan kirimkan videonya.
23:48
And, you know, the nuns who taught me
were incredibly progressive.
were incredibly progressive.
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Tahukah Anda para suster yang
mengajar saya sangat progresif.
mengajar saya sangat progresif.
23:51
I hope that they'll be very proud of me
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Saya harap mereka akan
bangga akan saya
bangga akan saya
23:53
for living out what they taught us
about social justice and service.
about social justice and service.
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karena mengamalkan ajaran mereka
tentang pengabdian dan keadilan sosial.
tentang pengabdian dan keadilan sosial.
23:57
I have come to feel
incredibly passionate about this issue
incredibly passionate about this issue
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Saya merasakan semangat yang
luar biasa tentang masalah ini
luar biasa tentang masalah ini
24:01
because of what I've seen
in the developing world.
in the developing world.
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karena apa yang saya saksikan
di negara-negara berkembang.
di negara-negara berkembang.
24:03
And for me, this topic
has become very close to heart
has become very close to heart
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Bagi saya, topik ini sangat dekat
dengan hati saya
dengan hati saya
24:08
because you meet these women
and they are so often voiceless.
and they are so often voiceless.
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karena saya menemui para wanita ini
dan mereka tidak punya suara.
dan mereka tidak punya suara.
24:11
And yet they shouldn't be --
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Seharusnya tidak begitu --
24:13
they should have a voice,
they should have access.
they should have access.
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mereka seharusnya bisa protes,
mempunyai akses.
mempunyai akses.
24:15
And so I hope they'll feel
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Saya harap mereka merasa
24:17
that I'm living out
what I've learned from them
what I've learned from them
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bahwa saya mengamalkan
apa yang saya pelajari dari mereka
apa yang saya pelajari dari mereka
24:19
and from the decades of work
that I've already done at the foundation.
that I've already done at the foundation.
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dan dari yang saya pelajari
dari yayasan ini selama bertahun-tahun.
dari yayasan ini selama bertahun-tahun.
24:24
CA: So, you and your team brought together
today an amazing group of speakers
today an amazing group of speakers
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CA: Anda dan tim telah membawa pembicara
yang hebat pada hari ini
yang hebat pada hari ini
24:28
to whom we're all grateful.
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dan kami sangat berterima kasih.
24:31
Did you learn anything?
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Apa yang Anda pelajari?
24:33
(Laughter)
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(Tertawa)
24:34
MG: Oh my gosh, I learned so many things.
I have so many follow-up questions.
I have so many follow-up questions.
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MG: Banyak sekali. Saya punya
banyak pertanyaan lanjutan.
banyak pertanyaan lanjutan.
24:38
And I think a lot
of this work is a journey.
of this work is a journey.
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Menurut saya proyek ini
adalah suatu perjalanan.
adalah suatu perjalanan.
24:40
You heard the discussion
about the journey through energy,
about the journey through energy,
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Anda dengar diskusi tentang
perjalanan energi,
perjalanan energi,
24:44
or the journey through social design,
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atau tentang desain sosial,
24:47
or the journey in the coming and saying,
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atau tentang hal yang lain dan berkata,
24:49
"Why aren't there any women
on this platform?"
on this platform?"
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"Kenapa tidak ada perempuan
di dalamnya?"
di dalamnya?"
24:51
And I think for all of us who work
on these development issues,
on these development issues,
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Saya pikir semua yang bergerak
di masalah perkembangan ini belajar
di masalah perkembangan ini belajar
24:54
you learn by talking to other people.
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dari diskusi dengan orang lain.
24:56
You learn by doing.
You learn by trying and making mistakes.
You learn by trying and making mistakes.
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Belajar dengan mengamalkan.
Dengan mencoba dan salah.
Dengan mencoba dan salah.
24:59
And it's the questions you ask.
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Dari apa yang kita tanyakan.
25:00
Sometimes it's the questions you ask
that helps lead to the answer
that helps lead to the answer
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Terkadang apa yang kita tanyakanlah
yang mengarahkan pada jawaban
yang mengarahkan pada jawaban
25:04
the next person
that can help you answer it.
that can help you answer it.
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yang dapat orang lain
bantu jawab.
bantu jawab.
25:06
So I have lots of questions
for the panelists from today.
for the panelists from today.
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Jadi saya punya banyak pertanyaan
untuk panelis hari ini.
untuk panelis hari ini.
25:09
And I thought it was just an amazing day.
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Sungguh suatu hari yang menakjubkan.
25:11
CA: Melinda, thank you for inviting
all of us on this journey with you.
all of us on this journey with you.
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CA: Melinda, terima kasih telah
berbagi pengalaman dengan kami semua.
berbagi pengalaman dengan kami semua.
25:14
Thank you so much.
MG: Great. Thanks, Chris.
MG: Great. Thanks, Chris.
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Terima kasih.
MG: Terima kasih, Chris.
MG: Terima kasih, Chris.
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Melinda Gates - PhilanthropistMelinda French Gates is co-chair of the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, where she puts into practice the idea that every life has equal value.
Why you should listen
The Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation works to help all people lead healthy, productive lives. As co-chair, Melinda French Gates helps shape and approve strategies, review results, advocate for foundation issues and set the overall direction. In developing countries, the foundation focuses on improving people's health with vaccines and other life-saving tools and giving them a chance to lift themselves out of hunger and extreme poverty. In the United States, it seeks to dramatically improve education so that all young people have the opportunity to reach their full potential. Based in Seattle, Washington, the foundation is led by CEO Jeff Raikes and co-chair William H. Gates Sr., under the direction of Bill Gates, Melinda Gates and Warren Buffett.
In recent years, Melinda French Gates has become a vocal advocate for access to contraception, advancing the idea that empowering women to decide whether and when to have children can have transformational effects on societies. In 2012, Gates spearheaded the London Summit on Family Planning, with the goal of delivering contraceptives to 120 million women in developing countries by 2020. When asked why she got involved in this issue, Gates said, "We knew that 210 million women were saying they wanted access to the contraceptives we have here in the United States and we weren't providing them because of political controversy in our country. To me, that was just a crime. I kept looking around trying to find the person to get this back on the global stage. I realized I just had to do it."
Melinda Gates | Speaker | TED.com