TED2008
Chris Jordan: Turning powerful stats into art
クリス・ジョーダンが描くショッキングな統計
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アーティストのクリス・ジョーダンが、西洋文化の衝撃的な姿をお見せします。彼の描くイメージ画は、私達が日々使う驚くべき数の紙コップなど、想像しがたい数の統計を表現しています。
Chris Jordan - Artist
Chris Jordan runs the numbers on modern American life -- making large-format, long-zoom artwork from the most mindblowing data about our stuff. Full bio
Chris Jordan runs the numbers on modern American life -- making large-format, long-zoom artwork from the most mindblowing data about our stuff. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:12
My work is about the behaviors that we all engage in unconsciously,
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私の仕事は社会全体で無意識に行う
00:17
on a collective level.
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行動についての研究です
00:19
And what I mean by that, it's the behaviors
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つまり私達が気付かずに
00:21
that we're in denial about,
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日常の
00:22
and the ones that operate below the surface of our daily awareness.
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意識下で行っている行動の事です
00:29
And as individuals, we all do these things, all the time, everyday.
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私達は個人的にそれらの行動を毎日行っています
00:32
It's like when you're mean to your wife
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誰かに怒っている為
00:35
because you're mad at somebody else.
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自分の妻に当たったり
00:37
Or when you drink a little too much at a party, just out of anxiety.
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心配事があってパーティーで飲み過ぎたり
00:40
Or when you overeat because your feelings are hurt, or whatever.
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傷ついて過食に走るというような事です
00:46
And when we do these kind of things,
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これらの事を
00:48
when 300 million people do unconscious behaviors,
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3億人が無意識に行う時
00:52
then it can add up to a catastrophic consequence
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誰も思いもよらないような
00:55
that nobody wants, and no one intended.
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悲劇的な結果がもたらされます
00:57
And that's what I look at with my photographic work.
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写真を通してこの事をお見せしたいと思います
01:00
This is an image I just recently completed, that is --
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これは最近完成したもので
01:04
when you stand back at a distance,
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遠くから見ると
01:05
it looks like some kind of neo-Gothic, cartoon image
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新ゴシック様式の 公害を出す工場の
01:08
of a factory spewing out pollution.
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漫画のように見えます
01:11
And as you get a little bit closer,
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少し近づくと
01:14
it starts looking like lots of pipes, like maybe a chemical plant,
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化学工場や精油所のパイプや
01:18
or a refinery, or maybe a hellish freeway interchange.
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入り組んだ高速道路に見え始めます
01:22
And as you get all the way up close,
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ずっと近づくと実は
01:23
you realize that it's actually made of lots and lots of plastic cups.
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本当にたくさんのプラスチックコップだと気が付きます
01:28
And in fact, this is one million plastic cups,
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これは実際 6時間ごとの
01:30
which is the number of plastic cups that are used on airline flights
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アメリカの飛行機で使われる100万個の
01:35
in the United States every six hours.
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プラスチックコップです
01:36
We use four million cups a day on airline flights,
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1日の飛行で400万個のプラスチックコップが使われ
01:41
and virtually none of them are reused or recycled.
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再利用やリサイクルは
01:43
They just don't do that in that industry.
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この業界では行われません
01:46
Now, that number is dwarfed
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さてこの数は
01:48
by the number of paper cups we use every day,
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コーヒーなどの熱い飲物の為に
01:51
and that is 40 million cups a day for hot beverages,
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毎日使われる4千万個の紙コップと比べて
01:54
most of which is coffee.
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小さく見えます
01:55
I couldn't fit 40 million cups on a canvas,
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4千万個のコップはキャンバスに入りませんでしたが
01:58
but I was able to put 410,000. That's what 410,000 cups looks like.
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41万個は入りました これで41万個です
02:03
That's 15 minutes of our cup consumption.
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15分間の消費量です
02:04
And if you could actually stack up that many cups in real life,
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実際積み重ねると
02:08
that's the size it would be.
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こうです
02:09
And there's an hour's worth of our cups.
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1時間分のコップです
02:12
And there's a day's worth of our cups.
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1日分のコップです
02:13
You can still see the little people way down there.
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人が下に小さく見えますね
02:15
That's as high as a 42-story building,
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42階建てのビルと同じ高さで
02:17
and I put the Statue of Liberty in there as a scale reference.
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比較の為 自由の女神を載せました
02:23
Speaking of justice, there's another phenomenon going on in our culture
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正義と言えば 私達の文化で
02:26
that I find deeply troubling, and that is that America, right now,
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起きているもう一つの憂慮すべき現象があります
02:29
has the largest percentage of its population in prison
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アメリカは現在地球上のどの国よりも 人口における
02:32
of any country on Earth.
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囚人の割合が多いのです
02:35
One out of four people, one out of four humans in prison
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刑務所にいる4人に1人は
02:38
are Americans, imprisoned in our country.
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アメリカで収監されているアメリカ人です
02:43
And I wanted to show the number.
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数をお見せしましょう
02:44
The number is 2.3 million Americans were incarcerated in 2005.
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230万人のアメリカ人が2005年に投獄されています
02:48
And that's gone up since then, but we don't have the numbers yet.
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今はもっといますが まだ数字は出ていません
02:50
So, I wanted to show 2.3 million prison uniforms,
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230万の実際の囚人服をお見せします
02:54
and in the actual print of this piece,
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それぞれは
02:57
each uniform is the size of a nickel on its edge.
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5セントの厚さです
03:00
They're tiny. They're barely visible as a piece of material,
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とても小さくて 何であるかほとんどわかりません
03:03
and to show 2.3 million of them required a canvas
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230万着分をお見せするには 世界のどのプリンターがプリントするより
03:07
that was larger than any printer in the world would print.
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大きなキャンバスが必要です
03:09
And so I had to divide it up into multiple panels
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そこで何枚かのパネルに分け
03:11
that are 10 feet tall by 25 feet wide.
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縦3.5ｍ 横7.5ｍの大きさになりました
03:13
This is that piece installed in a gallery in New York --
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ニューヨークのギャラリーに展示されており
03:18
those are my parents looking at the piece.
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これは私の両親が見ているところです
03:20
(Laughter)
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（笑）
03:23
Every time I look at this piece,
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これを見ると 母が父に
03:24
I always wonder if my mom's whispering to my dad,
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「息子もやっと洗濯物を畳むようになって」と
03:26
"He finally folded his laundry."
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ささやいているように思えます
03:28
(Laughter)
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（笑）
03:31
I want to show you some pieces now that are about addiction.
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次は依存症についての作品をお見せします
03:33
And this particular one is about cigarette addiction.
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これは煙草依存症についてです
03:37
I wanted to make a piece that shows the actual number of Americans
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喫煙で死ぬアメリカ人の
03:40
who die from cigarette smoking.
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実際の数をお見せしましょう
03:42
More than 400,000 people die in the United States every year
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毎年アメリカで40万人以上が
03:45
from smoking cigarettes.
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喫煙で亡くなっています
03:47
And so, this piece is made up of lots and lots of boxes of cigarettes.
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この作品はたくさんの煙草の箱からできています
03:51
And, as you slowly step back,
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ゆっくり後ろに下がると
03:52
you see that it's a painting by Van Gogh, called "Skull with Cigarette."
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ゴッホが描いた「煙草を吸う骸骨」が見えます
03:56
It's a strange thing to think about, that on 9/11,
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9月11日の悲劇で3千人のアメリカ人が
04:00
when that tragedy happened, 3,000 Americans died.
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亡くなった時の反響を考えると
04:02
And do you remember the response?
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おかしな感じです
04:05
It reverberated around the world,
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この事件は世界中に反響を呼び
04:07
and will continue to reverberate through time.
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これからもずっと影響を与えるでしょう
04:10
It will be something that we talk about in 100 years.
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100年先まで語り続けられる事でしょう
04:13
And yet on that same day, 1,100 Americans died from smoking.
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しかし同じ日に1100人のアメリカ人が喫煙で死んでいます
04:18
And the day after that, another 1,100 Americans died from smoking.
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次の日も又1100人のアメリカ人が
04:21
And every single day since then, 1,100 Americans have died.
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そしてそれ以降も毎日1100人ずつ死に
04:25
And today, 1,100 Americans are dying from cigarette smoking.
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今日も1100人のアメリカ人が喫煙で死んでいます
04:27
And we aren't talking about it -- we dismiss it.
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私達はそれについては語ろうとせず 関心を持とうとしません
04:32
The tobacco lobby, it's too strong.
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煙草の団体が強過ぎるからです
04:34
We just dismiss it out of our consciousness.
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私達は煙草の害を意識から追いやり
04:38
And knowing what we know about the destructive power of cigarettes,
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その破壊力を知りながら
04:44
we continue to allow our children, our sons and daughters,
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自分達の娘や息子に煙草を始めるような
04:48
to be in the presence of the influences that start them smoking.
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環境を提供してしまうのです
04:51
And this is what the next piece is about.
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これが次の作品のテーマです
04:54
This is just lots and lots of cigarettes: 65,000 cigarettes,
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6万5千箱もの煙草でできています
04:57
which is equal to the number of teenagers
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これは今月 そして毎月煙草を吸い始める
05:00
who will start smoking this month, and every month in the U.S.
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十代の若者の数と同じです
05:03
More than 700,000 children in the United States aged 18 and under
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70万人以上の18歳以下の子ども達が アメリカで
05:07
begin smoking every year.
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毎年煙草を吸い始めるのです
05:09
One more strange epidemic in the United States
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皆さんにお知らせしたい
05:15
that I want to acquaint you with
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アメリカのもっとおかしな病は
05:17
is this phenomenon of abuse and misuse of prescription drugs.
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処方薬の乱用や悪用です
05:23
This is an image I've made out of lots and lots of Vicodin.
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これはたくさんのバイコディン（鎮痛剤）の映像です
05:27
Well, actually, I only had one Vicodin
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実際は一つのバイコディンを
05:29
that I scanned lots and lots of times.
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何度もコピーしたものですが―
05:31
(Laughter)
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（笑）
05:32
And so, as you stand back, you see 213,000 Vicodin pills,
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離れると21万3千個のバイコディンが見えますが
05:35
which is the number of hospital emergency room visits
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この数はアメリカで処方の痛み止めと抗不安剤の
05:39
yearly in the United States,
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乱用や悪用で
05:40
attributable to abuse and misuse of prescription painkillers
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救急病院に運ばれた人数と
05:45
and anti-anxiety medications.
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同じです
05:46
One-third of all drug overdoses in the U.S. --
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アメリカで コカイン ヘロイン アルコールなどの
05:50
and that includes cocaine, heroin, alcohol, everything --
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不法な麻薬を含め すべての過量摂取された薬の
05:53
one-third of drug overdoses are prescription medications.
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3分の1は 処方された薬なのです
05:58
A strange phenomenon.
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おかしな現象です
05:59
This is a piece that I just recently completed
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これはつい最近完成した
06:03
about another tragic phenomenon. And that is the phenomenon,
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もう一つの悲劇的な現象の作品です
06:06
this growing obsession we have with breast augmentation surgery.
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豊胸手術を望む女性が増えているという現象です
06:12
384,000 women, American women, last year
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38万4千人のアメリカ人女性が
06:16
went in for elective breast augmentation surgery.
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昨年豊胸手術を受けました
06:21
It's rapidly becoming the most popular high school graduation gift,
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これは大学に行く前に行われる最も人気のある
06:25
given to young girls who are about to go off to college.
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高校卒業プレゼントに急速になりつつあります
06:31
So, I made this image out of Barbie dolls,
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このイメージをバービーで作りました
06:34
and so, as you stand back you see this kind of floral pattern,
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花の模様をかたどっていますが
06:39
and as you get all the way back, you see 32,000 Barbie dolls,
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ずっと離れると3万2千体のバービーが見え
06:43
which represents the number of breast augmentation surgeries
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その数は毎月アメリカで行われる
06:46
that are performed in the U.S. each month.
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豊胸手術と同じ数です
06:48
The vast majority of those are on women under the age of 21.
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その大多数は21歳以下の女性です
06:54
And strangely enough, the only plastic surgery
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そしておかしなことに
06:56
that is more popular than breast augmentation is liposuction,
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豊胸手術より人気のある唯一の手術は脂肪吸引で
07:00
and most of that is being done by men.
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そのほとんどは男性に施術されています
07:02
Now, I want to emphasize that these are just examples.
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強調したいのは これらはただの例であるという事です
07:06
I'm not holding these out as being the biggest issues.
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最大の争点というわけではありません
07:09
They're just examples.
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ほんの例です
07:12
And the reason that I do this, it's because I have this fear
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このような例を挙げる理由は 我々の社会全体が
07:16
that we aren't feeling enough as a culture right now.
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感情を失いつつあると危惧するからです
07:20
There's this kind of anesthesia in America at the moment.
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現在のアメリカはいわゆるマヒ状態です
07:23
We've lost our sense of outrage, our anger and our grief
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我々の国や文化で今現在起こっている事や アメリカの名の下 世界中で
07:31
about what's going on in our culture right now,
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我々自身が行なっている非道に対する
07:33
what's going on in our country,
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怒り 憤り 悲しみを
07:34
the atrocities that are being committed in our names around the world.
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私達は失ってしまいました
07:36
They've gone missing; these feelings have gone missing.
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これらの感情がなくなってしまったのです
07:40
Our cultural joy, our national joy is nowhere to be seen.
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文化的 国民的プライドはどこにも見られません
07:43
And one of the causes of this, I think,
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その原因の一つは 我々個人が
07:47
is that as each of us attempts to build this new kind of worldview,
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物事は相互につながっていると観る世界観
07:51
this holoptical worldview, this holographic image
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つまり 世界のすべての物事全体を
07:55
that we're all trying to create in our mind
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頭の中で一度に思い描く世界観を
07:57
of the interconnection of things: the environmental footprints
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築こうとしてしまうからだと思うのです
08:00
1,000 miles away of the things that we buy;
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我々が買う物が千マイル先の環境に及ぼす影響や
08:03
the social consequences 10,000 miles away
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消費者としての決断が1万マイル先の社会に
08:06
of the daily decisions that we make as consumers.
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及ぼす結果などを一遍に思い描こうとするからです
08:09
As we try to build this view,
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この世界観を築き上げ
08:11
and try to educate ourselves about the enormity of our culture,
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我々の文化の巨大さを把握する為に
08:14
the information that we have to work with is these gigantic numbers:
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向き合わなければならないこれらの数字は
08:20
numbers in the millions, in the hundreds of millions,
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何百万 何億 何十億 いまや何兆という
08:23
in the billions and now in the trillions.
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巨大なものです
08:26
Bush's new budget is in the trillions, and these are numbers
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ブッシュの新しい予算は何兆ドルで
08:28
that our brain just doesn't have the ability to comprehend.
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私達には計り知れない数です
08:32
We can't make meaning out of these enormous statistics.
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これらの巨大な統計から意味を汲み取ることはできません
08:36
And so that's what I'm trying to do with my work,
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私が作品を通してしようとしているのは
08:40
is to take these numbers, these statistics
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データの生の言語である
08:41
from the raw language of data, and to translate them
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これらの数や統計を より普遍的で感じる事のできる
08:46
into a more universal visual language, that can be felt.
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視覚による言語へと翻訳する事です
08:49
Because my belief is, if we can feel these issues,
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より深く感じる事ができれば
08:53
if we can feel these things more deeply,
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これらの問題が今より
08:55
then they'll matter to us more than they do now.
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私達にとって重要なものになると信じるからです
09:00
And if we can find that,
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そして それができれば
09:01
then we'll be able to find, within each one of us,
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各々が「私達はどう変わればいいのか」という
09:06
what it is that we need to find to face the big question,
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大きな課題に 必要なものは
09:09
which is: how do we change?
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何かがわかります
09:12
That, to me, is the big question that we face as a people right now:
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これが現在 我々人類が向き合うべき大きな課題です
09:17
how do we change? How do we change as a culture,
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文化としてどう変わるべきか？
09:21
and how do we each individually take responsibility
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個人ができる小さな解決方法の為に
09:25
for the one piece of the solution that we are in charge of,
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我々はどのように行動を変え
09:29
and that is our own behavior?
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どう責任を取るべきなのか
09:30
My belief is that you don't have to make yourself bad
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これらの問題に対して自分達を
09:40
to look at these issues.
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責める必要はないと私は考えます
09:42
I'm not pointing the finger at America in a blaming way.
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アメリカを名指しで責めているわけではありません
09:46
I'm simply saying, this is who we are right now.
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これが今の私達なのです
09:48
And if there are things that we see
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もし私達の文化に
09:50
that we don't like about our culture,
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好ましくない部分があれば
09:51
then we have a choice.
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選択肢はあります
10:02
The degree of integrity that each of us can bring to the surface,
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それは私達がどれだけ誠実にこの問題の解決に挑戦できるか
10:07
to bring to this question, the depth of character that we can summon,
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改善するためにどれだけ強い道徳心を持って
10:14
as we show up for the question of how do we change --
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立ち向かえるかにかかっています
10:17
it's already defining us as individuals and as a nation,
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この挑戦は私達の個人として 国としての本質を明らかにし
10:25
and it will continue to do that, on into the future.
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決定づけていくものになるでしょう
10:28
And it will profoundly affect the well-being, the quality of life
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そして私達の選択の結果を受け継ぐ何億人の子孫の
10:35
of the billions of people
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幸福や生活の質に
10:36
who are going to inherit the results of our decisions.
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深い影響を及ぼすでしょう
10:45
I'm not speaking abstractly about this,
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これは観念的な話ではありません
10:46
I'm speaking -- this is who we are in this room,
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ちょうど今この部屋にいる
10:56
right now, in this moment.
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私達自身の話なのです
10:58
Thank you and good afternoon.
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ありがとうございました
11:03
(Applause)
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（拍手）
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Chris Jordan - ArtistChris Jordan runs the numbers on modern American life -- making large-format, long-zoom artwork from the most mindblowing data about our stuff.
Why you should listen
Photographer Chris Jordan trains his eye on American consumption. His 2003-05 series "Intolerable Beauty" examines the hypnotic allure of the sheer amount of stuff we make and consume every day: cliffs of baled scrap, small cities of shipping containers, endless grids of mass-produced goods.
His 2005 book In Katrina's Wake: Portraits of Loss from an Unnatural Disaster is a chilling, unflinching look at the toll of the storm. And his latest series of photographs, "Running the Numbers," gives dramatic life to statistics of US consumption. Often-heard factoids like "We use 2 million plastic bottles every 5 minutes" become a chilling sea of plastic that stretches beyond our horizon.
In April 2008, Jordan traveled around the world with National Geographic as an international eco-ambassador for Earth Day 2008.
Chris Jordan | Speaker | TED.com