ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Carolyn Porco - Planetary scientist
As the leader of the Imaging Team on the Cassini mission to Saturn, Carolyn Porco interprets and shares the pictures coming back from this fascinating planet, its rings and its moons.

Why you should listen

Planetary scientist Carolyn Porco studies and interprets the photos from NASA space missions like the renowned Voyager mission to the outer solar system in the 1980s and the Cassini-Huygens mission to Saturn. She leads a team of scientists from the US and Europe that has been analyzing the images Cassini has sent back since it left Earth in 1997. At Saturn, they have found new phenomena everywhere they've turned their cameras … in the planet’s atmosphere, within its rings and on the surfaces of its many moons. And they've produced spectacular images and animations of these marvels in the process.

Back in the early-1980s, while still working on her doctorate, Porco was drafted onto the Voyager imaging team to assist in crunching the mountains of data coming back from Voyager’s fly-by of Saturn. Her work on the planet's rings and their relation to its moons cemented her connection with Saturn. After Voyager had flown by Neptune and was nearing conclusion, she worked together with Carl Sagan in planning Voyager’s celebrated Pale Blue Dot picture of Earth.

Her ongoing work at the Cassini Imaging Central Laboratory for Operations (CICLOPs) has two goals: to process, interpret and archive Cassini’s images for other scientists, and to make sure the images -- in all their breathtaking poetry and mystery and sheer Save-Image-As-Desktop awesomeness -- connect with the general public. She is an advocate for the exploration and understanding of planetary space, and her frequent talks (as well as her "Captain's Log" memos on the CICLOPS website) speak to everyone, scientist and nonscientist alike. Her advocacy extends to Hollywood, where she was the character consultant on the 1997 movie “Contact,” and a consultant on the 2009 Paramount Pictures re-boot of “Star Trek.” In 2012, she was named one the 25 most influential people in space by TIME magazine.

Finally, in a twist on the Pale Blue Dot theme, it was she who conceived the idea to invite the people of the world to smile while Cassini imaged the Earth on July 19, 2013 in an event called “The Day the Earth Smiled.”

For more information: 

Solar System Portrait: Earth as 'Pale Blue Dot'

BBC: Saturn snapped as Earth smiled

The Atlantic: The Carl Sagan of Our Time Reprises the 'Pale Blue Dot' Photo of Earth

The Day the Earth Smiled: Image

Library of Congress: Portraits of the Solar System: Talking with Carolyn Porco About Carl Sagan  

More profile about the speaker
Carolyn Porco | Speaker | TED.com
TED2009

Carolyn Porco: Could a Saturn moon harbor life?

캐롤린 포르코: 토성의 달에는 생명이 있을까?

Filmed:
1,054,733 views

토성의 여러 위성들 중 하나인 엔켈라두스. 최근 카시니 우주선이 이곳을 탐사했습니다. 지하에서 얻은 견본이 생명체가 존재할 가능성을 보여줍니다. 캐롤린 포르코의 이야기를 들어보시죠.
- Planetary scientist
As the leader of the Imaging Team on the Cassini mission to Saturn, Carolyn Porco interprets and shares the pictures coming back from this fascinating planet, its rings and its moons. Full bio

Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.

00:18
Two years연령 ago...전에 here at TED테드
0
0
2000
2년 전, 저는 TED에서
00:20
I reported보고 된 that we had discovered발견 된
1
2000
2000
카시니 우주선이 보내온 자료를 바탕으로
00:22
at Saturn토성, with the Cassini카시니 Spacecraft우주선,
2
4000
3000
토성의 위성인 엔켈라두스의 남쪽 끝 지점에서
00:25
an anomalously비정상적으로 warm따뜻한 and geologically지질 학적으로 active유효한 region부위
3
7000
3000
이례적인 고온의 지질 활동이
00:28
at the southern남부 지방 사투리 tip of the small작은 Saturnine납의 moon
4
10000
3000
관측되었다는 것을 발표했습니다.
00:31
Enceladus엔셀라두스, seen here.
5
13000
2000
이게 엔켈라두스입니다.
00:33
This region부위 seen here for the first time
6
15000
2000
2005년 카시니가 처음으로 찍은
00:35
in the Cassini카시니 image영상 taken취한 in 2005. This is the south남쪽 polar극선 region부위,
7
17000
5000
엔켈라두스의 남극지역 입니다.
00:40
with the famous유명한 tiger-stripe호랑이 줄무늬 fractures골절 crossing횡단 the south남쪽 pole.
8
22000
3000
유명한 호랑이 줄무늬의 틈들이 남극 지역을 가로지르고 있군요.
00:43
And seen just recently요새 in late늦은 2008,
9
25000
4000
2008년 말 최근에 찍은
00:47
here is that region부위 again,
10
29000
2000
같은 지역의 사진입니다.
00:49
now half절반 in darkness어둠 because the southern남부 지방 사투리 hemisphere반구
11
31000
3000
절반 정도가 어두워 보이는 것은
00:52
is experiencing경험하는 the onset습격 of August팔월
12
34000
3000
남반구에는 늦겨울에 해당하는 8월 초에
00:55
and eventually결국 winter겨울.
13
37000
2000
촬영되었기 때문입니다.
00:57
And I also또한 reported보고 된 that we'd우리는 made만든 this mind-blowing마음이 날리는 discovery발견 --
14
39000
3000
또, 아주 놀라운 발견도 함께 발표했었는데요.
01:00
this once-in-a-lifetime일생에 한 번 discovery발견
15
42000
2000
일생에 한 번 볼까말까한 발견이었습니다.
01:02
of towering높이 솟은 jets제트기
16
44000
2000
당시 남극의
01:04
erupting분출하는 from those fractures골절 at the south남쪽 pole,
17
46000
3000
저 틈들 사이로 분출되는 거대한 제트는
01:07
consisting구성된 of tiny작은 water ice얼음 crystals결정체
18
49000
2000
작은 얼음 결정으로 이루어져 있었는데,
01:09
accompanied동행 한 by water vapor증기
19
51000
3000
수증기 뿐만 아니라 이산화탄소, 메탄 같은
01:12
and simple단순한 organic본질적인 compounds화합물 like carbon탄소 dioxide이산화물 and methane메탄.
20
54000
4000
단순 유기화할물로 추정되는 것들도 포함되어 있다고 발표했습니다.
01:16
And at that time two years연령 ago...전에
21
58000
2000
2년 전 그 때 저는
01:18
I mentioned말하는 that we were speculating추측하는
22
60000
2000
저 제트들이 사실은 일종의 간헐천으로,
01:20
that these jets제트기 might in fact be geysers간헐천,
23
62000
2000
액체 상태의 물이 지하에 있는 작은 공간에
01:22
and erupting분출하는 from pockets주머니
24
64000
2000
갇혀있다가 분출된 것이라고
01:24
or chambers변호사 사무실 of liquid액체 water underneath아래에 the surface표면,
25
66000
2000
추측하고 있다고 말씀드렸습니다.
01:26
but we weren't하지 않았다 really sure.
26
68000
2000
그 때는 확신할 수가 없었습니다.
01:28
However하나, the implications의미 of those results결과들 --
27
70000
3000
하지만 이러한 현상들을 통해서
01:31
of a possible가능한 environment환경 within이내에 this moon
28
73000
3000
엔켈라두스의 환경이 어쩌면
01:34
that could support지원하다 prebiotic프리 바이오 틱스 chemistry화학,
29
76000
2000
원시적인 화합물만 있는 것이 아니라
01:36
and perhaps혹시 life itself그 자체 --
30
78000
3000
생명에 적합할 수도 있겠다고 생각했습니다.
01:39
were so exciting흥미 진진한 that, in the intervening개입하는 two years연령,
31
81000
2000
그래서 지난 2년간 엔켈라두스에
01:41
we have focused초점을 맞춘 more on Enceladus엔셀라두스.
32
83000
2000
보다 집중하게 되었습니다.
01:43
We've우리는 flown날아간 the Cassini카시니 Spacecraft우주선
33
85000
3000
이 달 옆으로
01:46
by this moon now several수개 times타임스,
34
88000
2000
카시니 우주선을 몇번 더 보냈습니다.
01:48
flying나는 closer더 가까운 and deeper더 깊은 into these jets제트기,
35
90000
3000
분출현상이 일어나는 지역에
01:51
into the denser밀도가 높은 regions지역들 of these jets제트기,
36
93000
2000
더 가까이 더 깊이 다가간 결과,
01:53
so that now we have come away with some
37
95000
2000
분출물의 구성 성분들을 매우 정확하게
01:55
very precise정확한 compositional구성상의 measurements측정.
38
97000
2000
측정할 수 있었습니다.
01:57
And we have found녹이다
39
99000
2000
여기서 분출되는 유기화합물들이
01:59
that the organic본질적인 compounds화합물 coming오는 from this moon
40
101000
3000
처음 보고했을 때 보다 더 복잡한 구조를
02:02
are in fact more complex복잡한 than we previously이전에 reported보고 된.
41
104000
3000
가지고 있다는것을 확인했습니다.
02:05
While they're not amino아미노 acids,
42
107000
2000
아미노산까지는 아니지만,
02:07
we're now finding발견 things like
43
109000
2000
프로판이나 벤젠,
02:09
propane프로판 and benzene벤젠,
44
111000
2000
시안화수소, 포름알데히드 정도의
02:11
hydrogen수소 cyanide나트륨, and formaldehyde포름 알데히드.
45
113000
2000
화합물들은 발견되었습니다.
02:13
And the tiny작은 water crystals결정체 here
46
115000
3000
그리고 그 얼음 결정들은
02:16
now look for all the world세계
47
118000
2000
염분이 있는 물이 방울로
02:18
like they are frozen겨울 왕국 droplets물방울 of salty소금기 있는 water,
48
120000
3000
얼어붙은 것으로 보입니다.
02:21
which어느 is a discovery발견 that suggests제안
49
123000
2000
이런 발견을 통해서
02:23
that not only do the jets제트기 come from
50
125000
2000
분출물이 액체 상태의 물에서
02:25
pockets주머니 of liquid액체 water,
51
127000
2000
나왔다는 것 뿐만 아니라,
02:27
but that that liquid액체 water is in contact접촉 with rock.
52
129000
3000
그 액체 상태의 물은 암석과 닿아있다는 것도 알 수 있습니다.
02:30
And that is a circumstance상황
53
132000
2000
이러한 환경은
02:32
that could supply공급 the chemical화학 물질 energy에너지
54
134000
2000
생명을 유지하기 위해서 필요한
02:34
and the chemical화학 물질 compounds화합물 needed필요한 to sustain버티다 life.
55
136000
3000
화학적 에너지와 화합물들을 공급할 수 있습니다.
02:37
So we are very encouraged격려의 by these results결과들.
56
139000
3000
이는 매우 고무적인 결과입니다.
02:40
And we are much more confident자신감 now than we were two years연령 ago...전에
57
142000
3000
이로써 우리는 2년 전에 비해서 훨씬 자신있게 말할 수 있습니다.
02:43
that we might indeed과연
58
145000
2000
이 달의 남극 밑에는 정말로
02:45
have on this moon, under아래에 the south남쪽 pole,
59
147000
3000
생명체가 살 수 있는 환경이
02:48
an environment환경 or a zone that is hospitable친절한 to living생활 organisms유기체.
60
150000
4000
있을 수도 있다고 말이죠.
02:52
Whether인지 어떤지 or not there are living생활 organisms유기체 there, of course코스,
61
154000
3000
물론 생명체가 있다, 없다는 것은
02:55
is an entirely전적으로 different다른 matter문제.
62
157000
2000
전혀 다른 문제입니다.
02:57
And that will have to await기다리다 the arrival도착,
63
159000
2000
관측 우주선들이 엔켈라두스에서
02:59
back at Enceladus엔셀라두스,
64
161000
3000
돌아오기를 기다려야겠죠.
03:02
of the spacecrafts우주선, hopefully희망을 갖고 some time in the near가까운 future미래,
65
164000
3000
머지않은 미래에 이러한 질문을 위해서
03:05
specifically구체적으로 equipped갖추어 준 to address주소 that particular특별한 question문제.
66
167000
4000
특수 제작된 우주선들도 나왔으면 합니다.
03:09
But in the meantime그 동안에 I invite초대 you to imagine상상하다 the day
67
171000
3000
그 와중에 우리는 토성계로 떠나는
03:12
when we might journey여행 to the Saturnine납의 system체계,
68
174000
3000
온천여행을 상상해 봅시다.
03:15
and visit방문 the Enceladus엔셀라두스 interplanetary행성 간의 geyser간헐천 park공원,
69
177000
4000
엔켈라두스 온천 공원으로 여행을 떠나는
03:19
just because we can.
70
181000
2000
그 날을 기대하면서.
03:21
Thank you.
71
183000
2000
감사합니다.
03:23
(Applause박수 갈채)
72
185000
1000
(박수)
Translated by Ho youl Lee
Reviewed by Hyunwoo Park

▲Back to top

ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Carolyn Porco - Planetary scientist
As the leader of the Imaging Team on the Cassini mission to Saturn, Carolyn Porco interprets and shares the pictures coming back from this fascinating planet, its rings and its moons.

Why you should listen

Planetary scientist Carolyn Porco studies and interprets the photos from NASA space missions like the renowned Voyager mission to the outer solar system in the 1980s and the Cassini-Huygens mission to Saturn. She leads a team of scientists from the US and Europe that has been analyzing the images Cassini has sent back since it left Earth in 1997. At Saturn, they have found new phenomena everywhere they've turned their cameras … in the planet’s atmosphere, within its rings and on the surfaces of its many moons. And they've produced spectacular images and animations of these marvels in the process.

Back in the early-1980s, while still working on her doctorate, Porco was drafted onto the Voyager imaging team to assist in crunching the mountains of data coming back from Voyager’s fly-by of Saturn. Her work on the planet's rings and their relation to its moons cemented her connection with Saturn. After Voyager had flown by Neptune and was nearing conclusion, she worked together with Carl Sagan in planning Voyager’s celebrated Pale Blue Dot picture of Earth.

Her ongoing work at the Cassini Imaging Central Laboratory for Operations (CICLOPs) has two goals: to process, interpret and archive Cassini’s images for other scientists, and to make sure the images -- in all their breathtaking poetry and mystery and sheer Save-Image-As-Desktop awesomeness -- connect with the general public. She is an advocate for the exploration and understanding of planetary space, and her frequent talks (as well as her "Captain's Log" memos on the CICLOPS website) speak to everyone, scientist and nonscientist alike. Her advocacy extends to Hollywood, where she was the character consultant on the 1997 movie “Contact,” and a consultant on the 2009 Paramount Pictures re-boot of “Star Trek.” In 2012, she was named one the 25 most influential people in space by TIME magazine.

Finally, in a twist on the Pale Blue Dot theme, it was she who conceived the idea to invite the people of the world to smile while Cassini imaged the Earth on July 19, 2013 in an event called “The Day the Earth Smiled.”

For more information: 

Solar System Portrait: Earth as 'Pale Blue Dot'

BBC: Saturn snapped as Earth smiled

The Atlantic: The Carl Sagan of Our Time Reprises the 'Pale Blue Dot' Photo of Earth

The Day the Earth Smiled: Image

Library of Congress: Portraits of the Solar System: Talking with Carolyn Porco About Carl Sagan  

More profile about the speaker
Carolyn Porco | Speaker | TED.com