TEDxManchester
Aala El-Khani: What it's like to be a parent in a war zone
Aala El-Khani: Bagaimana pengalaman menjadi ibu bapa di zon perang
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Bagaimana ibu bapa melindungi anak-anak mereka dan membantu mereka berasa selamat sekali lagi apabila rumah mereka dimusnahkan oleh peperangan? Dalam ucapan yang menyentuh hati ini, pakar psikologi Aala El-Khani berkongsi mengenai tugasnya membantu dan juga belajar daripada keluarga-keluarga pelarian yang terjejas oleh perang saudara di Syria. Beliau bertanya: Bagaimana boleh kita membantu ibu bapa yang penyayang ini untuk memberikan anak-anak mereka keibubapaan yang mesra dan selamat yang mereka sangat memerlukannya?
Aala El-Khani - Humanitarian psychologist
Aala El-Khani explores the needs of families affected by war and displacement and the mental health of children who have experienced armed conflict. Full bio
Aala El-Khani explores the needs of families affected by war and displacement and the mental health of children who have experienced armed conflict. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:12
Worldwide, over 1.5 billion people
experience armed conflict.
experience armed conflict.
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Di seluruh dunia, lebih 1.5 bilion orang
mengalami konflik bersenjata.
mengalami konflik bersenjata.
00:18
In response, people are forced
to flee their country,
to flee their country,
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Akibatnya, ramai orang terpaksa
meninggalkan negara mereka,
meninggalkan negara mereka,
00:21
leaving over 15 million refugees.
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kira-kira lebih 15 juta pelarian.
00:25
Children, without a doubt,
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Sudah tentu, kanak-kanak
00:26
are the most innocent
and vulnerable victims ...
and vulnerable victims ...
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adalah paling tidak bersalah
dan mangsa yang lemah
dan mangsa yang lemah
00:30
but not just from
the obvious physical dangers,
the obvious physical dangers,
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tetapi bukan hanya bahaya
fizikal yang boleh dilihat
fizikal yang boleh dilihat
00:33
but from the often unspoken effects
that wars have on their families.
that wars have on their families.
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tetapi dari kesan perang yang
tidak diungkapkan pada keluarga
tidak diungkapkan pada keluarga
00:38
The experiences of war
leave children at a real high risk
leave children at a real high risk
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Pengalaman perang mendedahkan
kanak-kanak kepada risiko tinggi
kanak-kanak kepada risiko tinggi
00:41
for the development
of emotional and behavioral problems.
of emotional and behavioral problems.
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dalam pembentukan
masalah emosi dan kelakuan.
masalah emosi dan kelakuan.
00:45
Children, as we can only imagine,
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Bayangkan, kanak-kanak
00:47
will feel worried, threatened and at risk.
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akan rasa bimbang, terancam dan berisiko.
00:50
But there is good news.
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Tetapi, ada berita baik.
00:52
The quality of care
that children receive in their families
that children receive in their families
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Mutu penjagaan yang
kanak-kanak terima dari keluarga mereka
kanak-kanak terima dari keluarga mereka
00:56
can have a more significant
effect on their well-being
effect on their well-being
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boleh memberi kesan yang lebih
baik bagi kesejahteraan mereka
baik bagi kesejahteraan mereka
00:59
than from the actual experiences of war
that they have been exposed to.
that they have been exposed to.
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dari pengalaman sebenar perang
yang mereka terdedah.
yang mereka terdedah.
01:04
So actually, children can be protected
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Jadi sebenarnya, kanak-kanak
boleh dilindungi
boleh dilindungi
01:07
by warm, secure parenting
during and after conflict.
during and after conflict.
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dengan kasih sayang dan perlindungan
ibu bapa semasa dan selepas konflik.
ibu bapa semasa dan selepas konflik.
01:13
In 2011, I was a first-year PhD student
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Pada 2011, saya seorang
pelajar PhD tahun pertama.
pelajar PhD tahun pertama.
01:17
in the University of Manchester
School of Psychological Sciences.
School of Psychological Sciences.
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di Universiti Manchester
Sekolah Sains Psikologi.
Sekolah Sains Psikologi.
01:21
Like many of you here,
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Seperti anda
semua di sini,
semua di sini,
01:22
I watched the crisis in Syria
unfold in front of me on the TV.
unfold in front of me on the TV.
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Saya menyaksikan krisis Syria
di TV.
di TV.
01:26
My family is originally from Syria,
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Keluarga saya berasal dari Syria.
01:28
and very early on,
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dan sejak peringkat awal,
01:30
I lost several family members
in really horrifying ways.
in really horrifying ways.
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Saya hilang beberapa ahli keluarga dengan
cara yang menyayat hati
cara yang menyayat hati
01:33
I'd sit and I'd gather with my family
and watch the TV.
and watch the TV.
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Saya bersama-sama keluarga saya
menonton TV.
menonton TV.
01:37
We've all seen those scenes:
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Kami saksikan
semua kejadian:
semua kejadian:
01:38
bombs destroying buildings,
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bom memusnahkan bangunan,
01:40
chaos, destruction
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kucar-kacir, kehancuran
01:43
and people screaming and running.
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dan orang ramai
berteriak dan berlari.
berteriak dan berlari.
01:45
It was always the people screaming
and running that really got me the most,
and running that really got me the most,
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Suasana orang berteriak dan berlari
benar-benar menyedihkan saya.
benar-benar menyedihkan saya.
01:49
especially those
terrified-looking children.
terrified-looking children.
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terutama wajah
kanak-kanak yang ketakutan.
kanak-kanak yang ketakutan.
01:53
I was a mother to two young,
typically inquisitive children.
typically inquisitive children.
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Saya ibu kepada dua orang
anak kecil yang gemar bertanya
anak kecil yang gemar bertanya
01:57
They were five and six then,
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Masa itu, mereka berumur
lima dan enam tahun,
lima dan enam tahun,
01:58
at an age where they typically
asked lots and lots of questions,
asked lots and lots of questions,
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pada umur yang biasanya
mereka bertanya bermacam soalan,
mereka bertanya bermacam soalan,
02:01
and expected real, convincing answers.
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dan mahu jawapan
yang benar dan menyakinkan.
yang benar dan menyakinkan.
02:05
So, I began to wonder
what it might be like
what it might be like
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Jadi, saya mula terfikir
bagaimana keadaannya
bagaimana keadaannya
02:07
to parent my children
in a war zone and a refugee camp.
in a war zone and a refugee camp.
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saya menjaga anak-anak
di zon perang dan kem pelarian.
di zon perang dan kem pelarian.
02:12
Would my children change?
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Adakah anak saya
akan berubah?
akan berubah?
02:14
Would my daughter's bright,
happy eyes lose their shine?
happy eyes lose their shine?
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Adakah sinar pada wajah
anak saya akan jadi kelam?
anak saya akan jadi kelam?
02:18
Would my son's really relaxed and carefree
nature become fearful and withdrawn?
nature become fearful and withdrawn?
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Adakah sikap anak lelaki saya yang santai
dan bebas akan menjadi ketakutan?
dan bebas akan menjadi ketakutan?
02:24
How would I cope?
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Bagaimana saya menanganinya?
02:27
Would I change?
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Adakah saya akan berubah?
02:30
As psychologists and parent trainers,
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Sebagai ahli psikologi
dan jurulatih ibu bapa,
dan jurulatih ibu bapa,
02:32
we know that arming parents
with skills in caring for their children
with skills in caring for their children
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kita tahu memberikan ibu bapa
kemahiran menjaga anak mereka
kemahiran menjaga anak mereka
02:36
can have a huge effect
on their well-being,
on their well-being,
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ada kesan yang besar
pada kesejahteraan mereka,
pada kesejahteraan mereka,
02:40
and we call this parent training.
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dan kita panggil sebagai
latihan ibu bapa.
latihan ibu bapa.
02:42
The question I had was,
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Persoalan saya ialah,
02:44
could parent training programs
be useful for families
be useful for families
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adakah program latihan ibu bapa
berguna kepada keluarga
berguna kepada keluarga
02:48
while they were still in war zones
or refugee camps?
or refugee camps?
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yang berada dalam zon perang
atau kem pelarian?
atau kem pelarian?
02:51
Could we reach them
with advice or training
with advice or training
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Bolehkah kita dampingi
dengan nasihat atau latihan?
dengan nasihat atau latihan?
02:54
that would help them
through these struggles?
through these struggles?
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yang membantu mereka
melalui kesukaran ini?
melalui kesukaran ini?
02:57
So I approached my PhD supervisor,
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Jadi saya bertemu
penyelia PhD saya,
penyelia PhD saya,
03:00
Professor Rachel Calam,
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Profesor Rachel Calam,
03:02
with the idea of using my academic skills
to make some change in the real world.
to make some change in the real world.
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untuk gunakan kemahiran akademik saya
untuk mengubah dunia.
untuk mengubah dunia.
03:06
I wasn't quite sure
what exactly I wanted to do.
what exactly I wanted to do.
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Saya tidak pasti apa
yang saya mahu lakukan.
yang saya mahu lakukan.
03:10
She listened carefully and patiently,
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Beliau mendengar dengan
teliti dan sabar.
teliti dan sabar.
03:11
and then to my joy she said,
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tiba-tiba beliau berkata,
03:13
"If that's what you want to do,
and it means so much to you,
and it means so much to you,
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"Jika anda mahu lakukannya,
dan ia amat bermakna kepada anda,
dan ia amat bermakna kepada anda,
03:16
then let's do it.
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lakukanlah.
03:17
Let's find ways to see if parent programs
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Mari cari jalan jika
program ibu bapa
program ibu bapa
03:20
can be useful for families
in these contexts."
in these contexts."
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berguna untuk keluarga
dalam konteks itu."
dalam konteks itu."
03:23
So for the past five years,
myself and my colleagues --
myself and my colleagues --
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Sejak lima tahun lalu,
saya dan rakan kerja saya,
saya dan rakan kerja saya,
03:26
Prof. Calam and Dr. Kim Cartwright --
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Prof. Calam dan Dr. Kim Cartwright,
03:29
have been working
on ways to support families
on ways to support families
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berusaha bagamana untuk
menyokong keluarga
menyokong keluarga
03:31
that have experienced
war and displacement.
war and displacement.
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yang pernah mengalami
perang dan penghijrahan.
perang dan penghijrahan.
03:35
Now, to know how to help families
that have been through conflict
that have been through conflict
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Untuk tahu cara membantu
keluarga yang telah melalui konflik
keluarga yang telah melalui konflik
03:39
support their children,
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membantu anak-anak mereka,
03:40
the first step must obviously be
to ask them what they're struggling with,
to ask them what they're struggling with,
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langkah pertama tentunya
tanyakan mereka masalah yang dihadapi,
tanyakan mereka masalah yang dihadapi,
03:44
right?
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betul, kan?
03:45
I mean, it seems obvious.
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Maksud saya, ia jelas.
03:46
But it's often those
that are the most vulnerable,
that are the most vulnerable,
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Tetapi biasanya,
golongan yang paling lemah,
golongan yang paling lemah,
03:49
that we're trying to support,
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itulah yang kita cuba sokong,
03:50
that we actually don't ask.
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tetapi sebenarnya
mereka yang tidak ditanya.
mereka yang tidak ditanya.
03:52
How many times have we just assumed
we know exactly the right thing
we know exactly the right thing
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Berapa kerap kita andaikan
kita tahu perkara yang betul
kita tahu perkara yang betul
03:55
that's going to help someone or something
without actually asking them first?
without actually asking them first?
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untuk membantu seseorang atau sesuatu
tanpa bertanya lebih dahulu?
tanpa bertanya lebih dahulu?
03:59
So I travelled to refugee camps
in Syria and in Turkey,
in Syria and in Turkey,
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Jadi, saya kunjungi kem pelarian
di Syria dan Turki,
di Syria dan Turki,
04:03
and I sat with families, and I listened.
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dan duduk bersama mereka
sekeluarga dan mendengar.
sekeluarga dan mendengar.
04:06
I listened to their parenting challenges,
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Saya mendengar
cabaran sebagai ibu bapa,
cabaran sebagai ibu bapa,
04:09
I listened to their parenting struggles
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saya mendengar
kesukaran sebagai ibu bapa
kesukaran sebagai ibu bapa
04:11
and I listened to their call for help.
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dan saya dengar laungan
mereka untuk bantuan.
mereka untuk bantuan.
04:13
And sometimes that was just paused,
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Adakalanya, kami hanya terdiam,
04:15
as all I could do was hold hands with them
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apa saya boleh buat hanya
genggam tangan
genggam tangan
04:17
and just join them
in silent crying and prayer.
in silent crying and prayer.
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bersama mereka,
menangis dan berdoa.
menangis dan berdoa.
04:20
They told me about their struggles,
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Mereka beritahu saya
mengenai perjuangan mereka,
mengenai perjuangan mereka,
04:23
they told me about the rough,
harsh refugee camp conditions
harsh refugee camp conditions
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mereka beritahu saya keadaan
kem pelarian yang sukar,
kem pelarian yang sukar,
04:26
that made it hard to focus
on anything but practical chores
on anything but practical chores
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tidak boleh fokus
melainkan tugasan yang penting
melainkan tugasan yang penting
04:30
like collecting clean water.
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seperti mengambil
air bersih.
air bersih.
04:32
They told me how they watched
their children withdraw;
their children withdraw;
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Mereka beritahu bagaimana
anak-anak mereka berubah;
anak-anak mereka berubah;
04:35
the sadness, depression, anger,
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kesedihan, kemurungan,
kemarahan,
kemarahan,
04:39
bed-wetting, thumb-sucking,
fear of loud noises,
fear of loud noises,
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kencing malam, menghisap jari,
takut bunyi bising,
takut bunyi bising,
04:42
fear of nightmares --
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takut mimpi ngeri -
04:44
terrifying, terrifying nightmares.
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mimpi yang sangat,
sangat mengerikan.
sangat mengerikan.
04:46
These families had been through
what we had been watching on the TV.
what we had been watching on the TV.
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Keluarga-keluarga ini telah
mengalami apa yang kita saksikan di TV.
mengalami apa yang kita saksikan di TV.
04:51
The mothers --
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Ibu-ibu,
04:52
almost half of them
were now widows of war,
were now widows of war,
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hampir separuh mereka kini
janda-janda perang
janda-janda perang
04:54
or didn't even know
if their husbands were dead or alive --
if their husbands were dead or alive --
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atau tidak tahu jika
suami mereka mati atau hidup,
suami mereka mati atau hidup,
04:57
described how they felt
they were coping so badly.
they were coping so badly.
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menceritakan kesukaran
menghadapi keadaan ini.
menghadapi keadaan ini.
05:01
They watched their children change
and they had no idea how to help them.
and they had no idea how to help them.
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Mereka saksikan anak mereka berubah
tetapi tidak tahu cara membantu mereka.
tetapi tidak tahu cara membantu mereka.
05:05
They didn't know how to answer
their children's questions.
their children's questions.
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Mereka tidak tahu
menjawab soalan anak-anak mereka.
menjawab soalan anak-anak mereka.
05:09
What I found incredibly astonishing
and so motivational
and so motivational
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Apa yang saya dapati begitu
menakjubkan dan memberangsangkan
menakjubkan dan memberangsangkan
05:12
was that these families were
so motivated to support their children.
so motivated to support their children.
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adalah keluarga ini sungguh
terdorong untuk membantu anak-anak mereka.
terdorong untuk membantu anak-anak mereka.
05:17
Despite all these challenges they faced,
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Walau berdepan dengan
cabaran ini,
cabaran ini,
05:20
they were trying to help their children.
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mereka cuba membantu
anak-anak mereka.
anak-anak mereka.
05:22
They were making attempts
at seeking support from NGO workers,
at seeking support from NGO workers,
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Mereka cuba mendapatkan
sokongan pekerja NGO,
sokongan pekerja NGO,
05:26
from refugee camp teachers,
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dari guru-guru kem pelarian,
05:28
professional medics,
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pakar perubatan
profesional
profesional
05:29
other parents.
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ibu bapa yang lain.
05:31
One mother I met had only been
in a camp for four days,
in a camp for four days,
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Seorang ibu yang saya temui
baru empat hari berada di kem
baru empat hari berada di kem
05:34
and had already made two attempts
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dan sudah membuat dua percubaan
05:35
at seeking support
for her eight-year-old daughter
for her eight-year-old daughter
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untuk dapatkan bantuan bagi
anaknya berumur lapan tahun
anaknya berumur lapan tahun
05:38
who was having terrifying nightmares.
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yang mengalami mimpi
yang mengerikan.
yang mengerikan.
05:42
But sadly, these attempts
are almost always useless.
are almost always useless.
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Malangnya, percubaannya
selalunya tidak berhasil.
selalunya tidak berhasil.
05:45
Refugee camp doctors, when available,
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Doktor kem pelarian, jika ada,
05:47
are almost always too busy,
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selalu terlalu sibuk
05:49
or don't have the knowledge or the time
for basic parenting supports.
for basic parenting supports.
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atau tidak ada pengetahuan atau
masa untuk bantuan asas ibu bapa.
masa untuk bantuan asas ibu bapa.
05:54
Refugee camp teachers and other parents
are just like them --
are just like them --
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Guru kem pelarian dan ibu bapa lain
sama seperti mereka,
sama seperti mereka,
05:58
part of a new refugee community
who's struggling with new needs.
who's struggling with new needs.
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masyarakat pelarian yang baru
yang terpaksa memenuhi keperluan baru.
yang terpaksa memenuhi keperluan baru.
06:03
So then we began to think.
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Jadi, kita mula berfikir.
06:05
How could we help these families?
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Bagaimana boleh kita
membantu keluarga ini?
membantu keluarga ini?
06:09
The families were struggling with things
much bigger than they could cope with.
much bigger than they could cope with.
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Keluarga ini bergelut dengan
masalah lebih besar dari yang mampu ditangani.
masalah lebih besar dari yang mampu ditangani.
06:13
The Syrian crisis made it clear
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Krisis Syria jelas membuktikan
06:15
how incredibly impossible it would be
to reach families on an individual level.
to reach families on an individual level.
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amat mustahil untuk dapat
membantu keluarga secara individu.
membantu keluarga secara individu.
06:20
How else could we help them?
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Apakah cara lain yang
boleh kita bantu mereka?
boleh kita bantu mereka?
06:22
How would we reach families
at a population level
at a population level
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Bagaiaman boleh kita dekati
keluarga secara ramai
keluarga secara ramai
06:26
and low costs
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dan rendah kos
06:29
in these terrifying, terrifying times?
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dalam masa yang menakutkan ini?
06:32
After hours of speaking to NGO workers,
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Selepas berjam-jam berbincang
dengan pekerja NGO,
dengan pekerja NGO,
06:35
one suggested a fantastic innovative idea
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seorang mencadangkan satu
idea innovatif yang hebat
idea innovatif yang hebat
06:37
of distributing parenting
information leaflets via bread wrappers --
information leaflets via bread wrappers --
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iaitu mengedarkan maklumat
keibubapaan melalui bungkusan roti.
keibubapaan melalui bungkusan roti.
06:43
bread wrappers that were being delivered
to families in a conflict zone in Syria
to families in a conflict zone in Syria
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Bungkusan roti yang diedarkan
kepada keluarga di zon konflik Syria
kepada keluarga di zon konflik Syria
06:47
by humanitarian workers.
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oleh para pekerja kemanusiaan.
06:49
So that's what we did.
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Jadi, itulah yang kami lakukan.
06:51
The bread wrappers haven't changed
at all in their appearance,
at all in their appearance,
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Tidak ada apa-apa perubahan
pada bungkusan roti itu
pada bungkusan roti itu
06:54
except for the addition
of two pieces of paper.
of two pieces of paper.
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melainkan ada dua keping kertas
yang dilampirkan.
yang dilampirkan.
06:56
One was a parenting information leaflet
that had basic advice and information
that had basic advice and information
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Satu ialah risalah keibubapaan
yang memberikan maklumat asas
yang memberikan maklumat asas
07:01
that normalized to the parent
what they might be experiencing,
what they might be experiencing,
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mengenai apa yang ibu bapa
sedang alami
sedang alami
07:05
and what their child
might be experiencing.
might be experiencing.
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dan apa yang anak mereka
mungkin alami.
mungkin alami.
07:07
And information on how they could
support themselves and their children,
support themselves and their children,
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Dan maklumat mengenai cara mereka
boleh membantu diri dan anak mereka,
boleh membantu diri dan anak mereka,
07:11
such as information like spending
time talking to your child,
time talking to your child,
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seperti meluangkan masa berbual-bual
dengan anak mereka,
dengan anak mereka,
07:15
showing them more affection,
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menunjukkan lebih kasih sayang
kepada mereka,
kepada mereka,
07:17
being more patient with your child,
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lebih bersabar terhadap anak anda,
07:19
talking to your children.
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berbual dengan anak anda.
07:21
The other piece of paper
was a feedback questionnaire,
was a feedback questionnaire,
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Kertas yang satu lagi ialah
soalan-soalan maklum balas.
soalan-soalan maklum balas.
07:23
and of course, there was a pen.
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Dan sudah tentu, disertakan pen.
07:26
So is this simply leaflet distribution,
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Jadi, adakah ini sekadar
pengedaran risalah
pengedaran risalah
07:29
or is this actually a possible means
of delivering psychological first aid
of delivering psychological first aid
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atau ini sebenarnya satu cara menyebarkan
bantuan awal psikologi
bantuan awal psikologi
07:33
that provides warm,
secure, loving parenting?
secure, loving parenting?
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untuk memberikan sentuhan
ibu bapa yang menyayangi, meyakinkan?
ibu bapa yang menyayangi, meyakinkan?
07:36
We managed to distribute
3,000 of these in just one week.
3,000 of these in just one week.
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Kami berjaya mengedarkan
3,000 bungkusan dalam hanya seminggu.
3,000 bungkusan dalam hanya seminggu.
07:42
What was incredible was
we had a 60 percent response rate.
we had a 60 percent response rate.
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Apa yang menakjubkan ialah
kami menerima kadar respons 60 peratus.
kami menerima kadar respons 60 peratus.
07:45
60 percent of the 3,000
families responded.
families responded.
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60 peratus respons
daripada 3,000 keluarga.
daripada 3,000 keluarga.
07:50
I don't know how many
researchers we have here today,
researchers we have here today,
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Saya tidak tahu berapa ramai
pengkaji yang hadir pada hari ini,
pengkaji yang hadir pada hari ini,
07:52
but that kind of response
rate is fantastic.
rate is fantastic.
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tetapi kadar respons seperti itu
adalah hebat.
adalah hebat.
07:54
To have that in Manchester
would be a huge achievement,
would be a huge achievement,
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Respons seperti itu jika di
Manchester adalah satu pencapaian,
Manchester adalah satu pencapaian,
07:58
let alone in a conflict zone in Syria --
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apa lagi jika di zon konflik di Syria.
08:00
really highlighting how important
these kinds of messages were to families.
these kinds of messages were to families.
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Ia benar-benar menunjukkan
pentingnya mesej ini kepada keluarga.
pentingnya mesej ini kepada keluarga.
08:07
I remember how excited and eager we were
for the return of the questionnaires.
for the return of the questionnaires.
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Saya masih ingat, betapa gembira
bila menerima maklum balas itu kembali.
bila menerima maklum balas itu kembali.
08:11
The families had left
hundreds of messages --
hundreds of messages --
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Keluarga itu meninggalkan
ratusan mesej
ratusan mesej
08:13
most incredibly positive and encouraging.
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yang kebanyakannya amat positif
dan menggalakkan.
dan menggalakkan.
08:16
But my favorite has got to be,
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Tetapi yang paling saya suka
ialah
ialah
08:17
"Thank you for not forgetting
about us and our children."
about us and our children."
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"Terima kasih kerana tidak
melupakan kami dan anak-anak kami."
melupakan kami dan anak-anak kami."
08:22
This really illustrates
the potential means
the potential means
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Ia benar-benar menunjukkan
potensi
potensi
08:24
of the delivery of psychological
first aid to families,
first aid to families,
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menyebarkan bantuan awal
psikologi kepada keluarga
psikologi kepada keluarga
08:27
and the return of feedback, too.
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dan menerima kembali maklum
balas.
balas.
08:29
Just imagine replicating this
using other means
using other means
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Bayangkan, menyebarkannya
melalui cara yang lain
melalui cara yang lain
08:31
such as baby milk distribution,
or female hygiene kits,
or female hygiene kits,
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seperti melalui pengedaran susu bayi atau
perkakas kebersihan wanita
perkakas kebersihan wanita
08:36
or even food baskets.
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atau dalam bakul makanan.
08:40
But let's bring this closer to home,
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Mari bicara sesuatu
yang hampir dengan kita
yang hampir dengan kita
08:41
because the refugee crisis
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sebab krisis pelarian ini
08:43
is one that is having an effect
on every single one of us.
on every single one of us.
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menjejas setiap kita.
08:46
We're bombarded with images daily
of statistics and of photos,
of statistics and of photos,
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Setiap hari kita dihujani dengan
statistik dan gambar,
statistik dan gambar,
08:51
and that's not surprising,
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dan bukan sesuatu
yang menghairankan,
yang menghairankan,
08:52
because by last month,
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sebab sehingga bulan lalu,
08:54
over one million refugees
had reached Europe.
had reached Europe.
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lebih satu juta pelarian
telah sampai di Eropah.
telah sampai di Eropah.
08:57
One million.
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Satu juta.
08:58
Refugees are joining our communities,
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Pelarian kini menyertai masyarakat kita,
09:02
they're becoming our neighbors,
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mereka menjadi jiran-jiran kita,
09:03
their children are attending
our children's schools.
our children's schools.
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anak-anak mereka menghadiri
sekolah anak-anak kita.
sekolah anak-anak kita.
09:07
So we've adapted the leaflet
to meet the needs of European refugees,
to meet the needs of European refugees,
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Jadi kami menyesuaikan risalah itu
untuk keperluan pelarian Eropah
untuk keperluan pelarian Eropah
09:11
and we have them online, open-access,
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dan ada dalam talian,
boleh dibaca oleh sesiapa,
boleh dibaca oleh sesiapa,
09:13
in areas with a really high
refugee influx.
refugee influx.
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di kawasan yang ada jumlah pelarian
yang sangat ramai.
yang sangat ramai.
09:16
For example, the Swedish healthcare
uploaded it onto their website,
uploaded it onto their website,
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Contohnya, pihak kesihatan
Sweden muat naik di laman web mereka.
Sweden muat naik di laman web mereka.
09:19
and within the first 45 minutes,
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Dalam masa 45 minit pertama,
09:21
it was downloaded 343 times --
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ia dimuat turun 343 kali...
09:25
really highlighting how important it is
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benar-benar menunjukkan betapa penting
09:27
for volunteers, practitioners
and other parents
and other parents
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bagi sukarelawan, pengamal
dan ibu bapa yang lain
dan ibu bapa yang lain
09:29
to have open-access,
psychological first-aid messages.
psychological first-aid messages.
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mempunyai mesej bantuan awal psikologi
yang mudah dicapai.
yang mudah dicapai.
09:35
In 2013, I was sitting on the cold,
hard floor of a refugee camp tent
hard floor of a refugee camp tent
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Pada 2013, saya duduk di lantai dingin
dalam khemah kem pelarian
dalam khemah kem pelarian
09:41
with mothers sitting around me
as I was conducting a focus group.
as I was conducting a focus group.
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bersama ibu-ibu sedang saya menjalankan
kumpulan fokus.
kumpulan fokus.
09:45
Across from me stood an elderly lady
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Di depan saya seorang wanita tua
berdiri dengan
berdiri dengan
09:47
with what seemed to be
a 13-year-old girl lying beside her,
a 13-year-old girl lying beside her,
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seorang budak perempuan, seperti,
berumur 13 tahun berbaring di sebelahnya
berumur 13 tahun berbaring di sebelahnya
09:51
with her head on the elderly lady's knees.
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dengan kepalanya di lutut wanita tua itu.
09:54
The girl stayed quiet
throughout the focus group,
throughout the focus group,
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Budak perempuan itu senyap di sepanjang
kumpulan fokus,
kumpulan fokus,
09:56
not talking at all,
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langsung tidak bercakap,
09:58
with her knees
curled up against her chest.
curled up against her chest.
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dengan lututnya mengerekot di dadanya.
10:01
Towards the end of the focus group,
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Di penghujung kumpulan fokus itu,
10:02
and as I was thanking
the mothers for their time,
the mothers for their time,
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sedang saya ucap terima kasih
kepada ibu-ibu kerana luangkan masa,
kepada ibu-ibu kerana luangkan masa,
10:05
the elderly lady looked at me
while pointing at the young girl,
while pointing at the young girl,
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wanita tua itu memandang saya dan
tunjuk ke arah budak itu
tunjuk ke arah budak itu
10:08
and said to me, "Can you help us with...?"
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dan katanya, "Boleh anda
bantu saya dengan..?"
bantu saya dengan..?"
10:12
Not quite sure what she expected me to do,
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Tidak pasti apa yang dia
mahu saya lakukan.
mahu saya lakukan.
10:14
I looked at the young girl and smiled,
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Saya pandang budak perempuan
itu dan senyum
itu dan senyum
10:16
and in Arabic I said,
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dan saya berkata
dalam bahasa Arab,
dalam bahasa Arab,
10:17
"Salaam alaikum. Shu-ismak?"
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2016
"Salaam alaikum. Shu-ismak?"
10:19
"What's your name?"
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1200
"Apa nama awak?"
10:21
She looked at me really
confused and unengaged,
confused and unengaged,
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2736
Dia pandang saya, wajahnya
begitu keliru dan tidak beri perhatian
begitu keliru dan tidak beri perhatian
10:24
but then said, "Halul."
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tetapi berkata, "Halul."
10:26
Halul is the pet's name
for the Arabic female name, Hala,
for the Arabic female name, Hala,
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4536
Halul ialah nama timangan
bagi nama wanita Arab iaitu Hala
bagi nama wanita Arab iaitu Hala
10:31
and is only really used
to refer to really young girls.
to refer to really young girls.
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dan hanya digunakan oleh
budak perempuan yang sangat muda.
budak perempuan yang sangat muda.
10:35
At that point I realized that actually
Hala was probably much older than 13.
Hala was probably much older than 13.
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Pada waktu itu, saya sedar Hala
sebenarnya lebih dewasa dari 13 tahun.
sebenarnya lebih dewasa dari 13 tahun.
10:39
It turns out Hala was a 25-year-old
mother to three young children.
mother to three young children.
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Sebenarnya, Hala berumur 25 tahun
dan ibu kepada tiga anak kecil.
dan ibu kepada tiga anak kecil.
10:44
Hala had been a confident,
bright, bubbly, loving, caring mother
bright, bubbly, loving, caring mother
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Hala dahulunya seorang ibu yang
yakin diri, bijak, ceria, penyayang
yakin diri, bijak, ceria, penyayang
10:48
to her children,
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kepada anak-anaknya
10:50
but the war had changed all of that.
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tetapi perang telah mengubah segalanya.
10:53
She had lived through bombs
being dropped in her town;
being dropped in her town;
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Dia mengalami peritiwa bandarnya
dibom dari udara,
dibom dari udara,
10:57
she had lived through explosions.
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dan pelbagai letupan.
11:00
When fighter jets
were flying around their building,
were flying around their building,
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Semasa jet pejuang terbang
di sekitar bangunannya,
di sekitar bangunannya,
11:02
dropping bombs,
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melepaskan bom,
11:04
her children would be screaming,
terrified from the noise.
terrified from the noise.
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anak-anaknya berteriak
ketakutan dengan bunyi bising.
ketakutan dengan bunyi bising.
11:06
Hala would frantically grab pillows
and cover her children's ears
and cover her children's ears
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Sambil tidak keruan, Hala mencapai
bantal untuk menutup telinga anaknya
bantal untuk menutup telinga anaknya
11:10
to block out the noise,
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untuk menghalang
bunyi bising
bunyi bising
11:11
all the while screaming herself.
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dan dia tidak henti memekik.
11:14
When they reached the refugee camp
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Bila mereka sampai
di kem pelarian
di kem pelarian
11:15
and she knew they were finally
in some kind of safety,
in some kind of safety,
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dan dia tahu akhirnya mereka berada
di tempat perlindungan,
di tempat perlindungan,
11:19
she completely withdrew
to acting like her old childhood self.
to acting like her old childhood self.
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wataknya langsung berubah dan
dia berkelakuan seperti kanak-kanak.
dia berkelakuan seperti kanak-kanak.
11:23
She completely rejected her family --
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Dia langsung tidak mengenali keluarganya,
11:26
her children, her husband.
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1960
anak-anaknya, suaminya.
11:29
Hala simply could no longer cope.
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Hala tidak mampu menanggungnya lagi.
11:32
This is a parenting struggle
with a really tough ending,
with a really tough ending,
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Inilah yang dihadapi ibu bapa
dengan kesudahan yang menyayat hati.
dengan kesudahan yang menyayat hati.
11:35
but sadly, it's not uncommon.
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Yang sedihnya,
ia bukan jarang berlaku.
ia bukan jarang berlaku.
11:37
Those who experience
armed conflict and displacement
armed conflict and displacement
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Sesiapa yang melalui konflik bersenjata
dan penghijrahan
dan penghijrahan
11:40
will face serious emotional struggles.
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akan menghadapi pergelutan
emosi yang serius.
emosi yang serius.
11:43
And that's something we can all relate to.
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Dan itu sesuatu yang kita boleh fahami
11:46
If you have been through
a devastating time in your life,
a devastating time in your life,
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jika anda pernah melalui
detik yang mengecewakan dalam hidup,
detik yang mengecewakan dalam hidup,
11:50
if you have lost someone
or something you really care about,
or something you really care about,
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jika anda pernah kehilangan seseorang
atau sesuatu yang anda sayangi,
atau sesuatu yang anda sayangi,
11:55
how would you continue to cope?
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bagaimana anda terus menghadapinya?
11:58
Could you still be able
to care for yourself and for your family?
to care for yourself and for your family?
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Bolehkah anda masih
menjaga diri dan keluarga anda?
menjaga diri dan keluarga anda?
12:03
Given that the first years
of a child's life are crucial
of a child's life are crucial
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Tahun pertama kanak-kanak
adalah penting
adalah penting
12:06
for healthy physical
and emotional development,
and emotional development,
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untuk pembangunan fizikal
dan emosi yang sihat.
dan emosi yang sihat.
12:09
and that 1.5 billion people
are experiencing armed conflict --
are experiencing armed conflict --
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1.5 bilion orang
sedang mengalami konflik bersenjata
sedang mengalami konflik bersenjata
12:14
many of whom are now
joining our communities --
joining our communities --
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dan ramai mereka
bersama dalam masyarakat kita sekarang.
bersama dalam masyarakat kita sekarang.
12:17
we cannot afford to turn a blind eye
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Kita tidak boleh untuk
tidak mengendahkan
tidak mengendahkan
12:19
to the needs of those
who are experiencing war and displacement.
who are experiencing war and displacement.
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keperluan mereka yang
mengalami perang dan penghijrahan.
mengalami perang dan penghijrahan.
12:24
We must prioritize
these families' needs --
these families' needs --
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Kita mesti utamakan
keperluan keluarga sebegini,
keperluan keluarga sebegini,
12:27
both those who are internally displaced,
and those who are refugees worldwide.
and those who are refugees worldwide.
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bagi yang terpaksa berpindah dalam
negara dan pelarian seluruh dunia.
negara dan pelarian seluruh dunia.
12:33
These needs must be prioritized
by NGO workers, policy makers,
by NGO workers, policy makers,
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5016
Keperluan ini mesti diutamakan oleh
pekerja NGO, penggubal dasar,
pekerja NGO, penggubal dasar,
12:38
the WHO, the UNHCR
and every single one of us
and every single one of us
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WHO, UNHCR
dan setiap kita.
dan setiap kita.
12:42
in whatever capacity it is
that we function in our society.
that we function in our society.
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dalam apa sahaja peranan yang
kita lakukan dalam masyarakat kita.
kita lakukan dalam masyarakat kita.
12:47
When we begin to recognize
the individual faces of the conflict,
the individual faces of the conflict,
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Apabila kita mengenali
wajah-wajah yang terjejas dengan konflik,
wajah-wajah yang terjejas dengan konflik,
12:52
when we begin to notice
those intricate emotions on their faces,
those intricate emotions on their faces,
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apabila kita peduli emosi yang
merungsingkan di wajah mereka,
merungsingkan di wajah mereka,
12:57
we begin to see them as humans, too.
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kita mula melihat mereka
sebagai manusia juga.
sebagai manusia juga.
13:00
We begin to see
the needs of these families,
the needs of these families,
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Kita mula memahami
keperluan keluarga-keluarga ini
keperluan keluarga-keluarga ini
13:02
and these are the real human needs.
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dan inilah keperluan
manusia yang sebenar.
manusia yang sebenar.
13:05
When these family needs are prioritized,
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Apabila keperluan keluarga-keluarga
ini diutamakan,
ini diutamakan,
13:08
interventions for children
in humanitarian settings
in humanitarian settings
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bantuan bagi kanak-kanak
dalam suasana kemanusiaan
dalam suasana kemanusiaan
13:11
will prioritize and recognize the primary
role of the family in supporting children.
role of the family in supporting children.
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akan mengutamakan dan mengakui peranan
asas keluarga dalam membantu kanak-kanak.
asas keluarga dalam membantu kanak-kanak.
13:17
Family mental health
will be shouting loud and clear
will be shouting loud and clear
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Kesihatan mental keluarga akan
menuntut didengari
menuntut didengari
13:20
in global, international agenda.
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dalam agenda global, antarabangsa.
13:23
And children will be less likely
to enter social service systems
to enter social service systems
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Dan kemungkinan kanak-kanak
dalam sistem bantuan sosial akan berkurangan
dalam sistem bantuan sosial akan berkurangan
13:26
in resettlement countries
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di negara yang mereka hijrah
13:28
because their families
would have had support earlier on.
would have had support earlier on.
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sebab keluarga mereka sudah menerima
sokongan sebelum ini.
sokongan sebelum ini.
13:32
And we will be more open-minded,
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Dan fikiran kita akan lebih terbuka,
13:35
more welcoming, more caring
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lebih mengalu-alukan,
lebih mengasihani
lebih mengasihani
13:37
and more trusting to those
who are joining our communities.
who are joining our communities.
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dan lebih mempercayai
kepada yang menyertai masyarakat kita.
kepada yang menyertai masyarakat kita.
13:41
We need to stop wars.
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Kita perlu menghentikan peperangan.
13:44
We need to build a world where children
can dream of planes dropping gifts,
can dream of planes dropping gifts,
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Kita perlu membina dunia di mana
kanak-kanak impikan pesawat yang menebarkan hadiah
kanak-kanak impikan pesawat yang menebarkan hadiah
13:49
and not bombs.
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dan bukannya bom.
13:51
Until we stop armed conflicts
raging throughout the world,
raging throughout the world,
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Sehingga kita hentikan konflik
bersenjata yang menghantui dunia,
bersenjata yang menghantui dunia,
13:55
families will continue to be displaced,
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keluarga akan terus terpaksa berhijrah,
13:58
leaving children vulnerable.
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kanak-kank akan terjejas.
14:00
But by improving parenting
and caregiver support,
and caregiver support,
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Dengan meningkatkan sokongan pada
ibu bapa dan pengasuh,
ibu bapa dan pengasuh,
14:03
it may be possible to weaken the links
between war and psychological difficulties
between war and psychological difficulties
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maka kaitan di antara perang
dan tekanan psikologi boleh dikurangkan
dan tekanan psikologi boleh dikurangkan
14:08
in children and their families.
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pada kanak-kanak dan keluarga mereka.
14:10
Thank you.
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Terima kasih.
14:12
(Applause)
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(Tepukan)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Aala El-Khani - Humanitarian psychologistAala El-Khani explores the needs of families affected by war and displacement and the mental health of children who have experienced armed conflict.
Why you should listen
Dr. Aala El-Khani develops and researches innovative ways to reach families that have experienced conflict with parenting support and training. She has conducted prize-winning field research with refugee families and families in conflict zones, exploring their parenting challenges and the positive impact parenting support can provide. Her work has significantly contributed to an agenda of producing materials which together form psychological first aid for families affected by conflict and displacement.
El-Khani s a humanitarian psychologist, and she works as a consultant for the United Nations Office on Drugs and Crime as well as a Research Associate at the University of Manchester at the Division of Psychology and Mental Health. Her current work collaborates the efforts of the UNODC and the University of Manchester in developing and evaluating family skills programs in countries such as Afghanistan, Palestine, Syria and Lebanon.
El-Khani is passionate about highlighting the significant role that caregivers play in protecting their children during conflict and displacement. She has trained NGO workers, school teachers and affected families internationally on family skills and research methods.
Aala El-Khani | Speaker | TED.com