ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Damon Horowitz - Philosopher, entrepreneur
Damon Horowitz explores what is possible at the boundaries of technology and the humanities.

Why you should listen

Damon Horowitz is a philosophy professor and serial entrepreneur. He recently joined Google as In-House Philosopher / Director of Engineering, heading development of several initiatives involving social and search. He came to Google from Aardvark, the social search engine, where he was co-founder and CTO, overseeing product development and research strategy. Prior to Aardvark, Horowitz built several companies around applications of intelligent language processing. He co-founded Perspecta (acquired by Excite), was lead architect for Novation Biosciences (acquired by Agilent), and co-founded NewsDB (now Daylife).

Horowitz teaches courses in philosophy, cognitive science, and computer science at several institutions, including Stanford, NYU, University of Pennsylvania and San Quentin State Prison.

Get more information on the Prison University Project >>

More profile about the speaker
Damon Horowitz | Speaker | TED.com
TED2011

Damon Horowitz: Philosophy in prison

Damon Horowitz: Filosofia na prisão

Filmed:
1,417,089 views

Damon Horowitz ensina filosofia através do Projeto Universidade na Prisão, levando aulas de nível universitário aos presos da Penitenciária Estadual de San Quentin. Nesta curta e impactante palestra, ele conta a história de um encontro com o certo e o errado que logo se torna pessoal.
- Philosopher, entrepreneur
Damon Horowitz explores what is possible at the boundaries of technology and the humanities. Full bio

Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.

00:15
Meet Tony. He's my student.
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Conheçam Tony. Um aluno meu.
00:17
He's about my age,
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Tem mais ou menos a minha idade,
00:19
and he's in San Quentin State Prison.
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e está na Penitenciária Estadual de San Quentin.
00:22
When Tony was 16 years old,
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Quando Tony tinha 16 anos,
00:25
one day, one moment,
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um dia, um momento,
00:28
"It was mom's gun.
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"Era a arma da minha mãe.
00:30
Just flash it, scare the guy. He's a punk.
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Apenas mostre a arma, assuste o cara. Ele é um vadio.
00:32
He took some money; we'll take his money. That'll teach him.
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Ele pegou dinheiro; vamos pegar o dinheiro dele. Vai aprender.
00:34
Then last minute, I'm thinking, 'Can't do this. This is wrong.'
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Então no último instante, penso, 'Não posso fazer isto. É errado."
00:37
My buddy says, 'C'mon, let's do this.'
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Meu colega diz, 'Vem, vamos fazer isto."
00:39
I say, 'Let's do this.'"
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Eu digo, 'Vamos fazer isto."
00:44
And those three words, Tony's going to remember,
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E dessas três palavras, Tony irá se lembrar,
00:46
because the next thing he knows, he hears the pop.
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porque logo a seguir, ele ouve o tiro.
00:48
There's the punk on the ground, puddle of blood.
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Lá está o vadio no chão, poça de sangue.
00:50
And that's felony murder --
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E isso é homicídio qualificado --
00:52
25 to life, parole at 50 if you're lucky,
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De 25 anos a prisão perpétua, condicional aos 50, com sorte,
00:54
and Tony's not feeling very lucky.
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e Tony não se sente com tanta sorte.
00:57
So when we meet in my philosophy class in his prison
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Então quando nos encontramos em minha aula de filosofia lá na prisão
01:00
and I say, "In this class, we will discuss the foundations of ethics,"
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e eu digo, "Nesta aula, discutiremos os fundamentos da ética,"
01:04
Tony interrupts me.
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Tony me interrompe.
01:06
"What are you going to teach me about right and wrong?
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"O que você vai me ensinar sobre certo e errado?
01:08
I know what is wrong. I have done wrong.
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Sei o que é errado. Fiz algo errado.
01:11
I am told every day,
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Todo dia me dizem isso,
01:13
by every face I see, every wall I face, that I am wrong.
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cada rosto que vejo, cada parede que vejo, me diz que estou errado.
01:16
If I ever get out of here, there will always be a mark by my name.
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Se um dia eu sair daqui, haverá sempre uma marca em meu nome.
01:19
I'm a convict; I am branded 'wrong.'
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Sou um condenado; marcado como 'errado.'
01:21
What are you going to tell me about right and wrong?"
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O que você vai me dizer sobre certo e errado?"
01:24
So I say to Tony,
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Então eu digo a Tony,
01:27
"Sorry, but it's worse than you think.
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"Sinto muito, mas é pior do que você pensa.
01:30
You think you know right and wrong?
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Pensa que sabe o que é certo e errado?
01:32
Then can you tell me what wrong is?
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Então pode me dizer o que é errado?
01:34
No, don't just give me an example.
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Não, não me dê simplesmente um exemplo.
01:36
I want to know about wrongness itself, the idea of wrong.
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Quero saber sobre o errado em si, a concepção de errado.
01:39
What is that idea?
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Que concepção é essa?
01:41
What makes something wrong?
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O que faz algo ser errado?
01:43
How do we know that it's wrong? Maybe you and I disagree.
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Como sabemos que é errado? Talvez você e eu discordemos.
01:46
Maybe one of us is wrong about the wrong.
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Talvez um de nós esteja equivocado sobre o que é errado.
01:48
Maybe it's you, maybe it's me -- but we're not here to trade opinions;
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Talvez seja você, talvez eu -- mas não estamos aqui para trocar opiniões;
01:50
everyone's got an opinion.
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todos temos uma opinião.
01:52
We are here for knowledge.
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Estamos aqui pelo conhecimento.
01:54
Our enemy is thoughtlessness. This is philosophy."
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Nosso inimigo é a ausência de reflexão. Isto é filosofia."
01:58
And something changes for Tony.
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E algo muda em Tony.
02:03
"Could be I'm wrong. I'm tired of being wrong.
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"Pode ser que eu esteja errado. Estou cansado de estar errado.
02:06
I want to know what is wrong.
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Quero saber o que é errado.
02:08
I want to know what I know."
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Quero saber o que sei."
02:10
What Tony sees in that moment is the project of philosophy,
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Naquele momento Tony vê o projeto de filosofia,
02:13
the project that begins in wonder --
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o projeto que começa em questionamento --
02:15
what Kant called "admiration and awe
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o que Kant chamava de "admiração e respeito
02:17
at the starry sky above and the moral law within."
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pelo céu acima estrelado e a lei moral contida."
02:20
What can creatures like us know of such things?
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O que criaturas como nós sabemos dessas coisas?
02:22
It is the project that always takes us back to the condition of existence --
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É o projeto que nos leva sempre de volta à condição de existência --
02:25
what Heidegger called "the always already there."
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o que Heidegger chamou de "o ser-aí".
02:28
It is the project of questioning what we believe and why we believe it --
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É o projeto de questionar o que cremos e a razão de crermos--
02:31
what Socrates called "the examined life."
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o que Sócrates chamou de "a vida examinada."
02:33
Socrates, a man wise enough to know that he knows nothing.
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Sócrates, um homem suficientemente sábio para saber que nada sabia.
02:36
Socrates died in prison,
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Sócrates morreu na prisão,
02:39
his philosophy intact.
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sua filosofia intacta.
02:42
So Tony starts doing his homework.
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Então Tony começa seu aprendizado.
02:44
He learns his whys and wherefores, his causes and correlations,
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Ele aprende seus 'comos' e 'porquês', suas causas e correlações,
02:46
his logic, his fallacies.
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sua lógica, suas falácias.
02:48
Turns out, Tony's got the philosophy muscle.
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Acontece que Tony tem uma veia filosófica.
02:50
His body is in prison, but his mind is free.
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Seu corpo está preso, mas sua mente está livre.
02:52
Tony learns about the ontologically promiscuous,
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Tony aprende sobre o ontologicamente promíscuo,
02:54
the epistemologically anxious,
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o epistemologicamente ansioso,
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the ethically dubious, the metaphysically ridiculous.
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o eticamente duvidoso, o metafisicamente ridículo.
02:59
That's Plato, Descartes, Nietzsche
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Isso é Platão, Descartes, Nietzsche
03:01
and Bill Clinton.
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e Bill Clinton..
03:03
So when he gives me his final paper,
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Então quando ele me entrega seu trabalho final,
03:06
in which he argues that the categorical imperative
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no qual argumenta que o imperativo categórico
03:08
is perhaps too uncompromising
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talvez seja inflexível demais
03:10
to deal with the conflict that affects our everyday
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para lidar com o conflito que nos afeta diariamente
03:12
and challenges me to tell him
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e me desafia a dizer-lhe
03:14
whether therefore we are condemned to moral failure,
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se estamos, portanto, condenados ao fracasso moral,
03:16
I say, "I don't know.
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eu digo, "não sei.
03:18
Let us think about that."
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Vamos pensar sobre isso."
03:20
Because in that moment, there's no mark by Tony's name;
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Porque naquele momento, o nome de Tony não está marcado;
03:22
it's just the two of us standing there.
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somos apenas os dois ali.
03:24
It is not professor and convict,
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Não somos professor e presidiário,
03:26
it is just two minds ready to do philosophy.
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Somos simplesmente duas mentes prontas a filosofar.
03:28
And I say to Tony,
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E eu digo a Tony,
03:30
"Let's do this."
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"Vamos fazer isto."
03:33
Thank you.
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Obrigado.
03:35
(Applause)
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(Aplausos)

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ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Damon Horowitz - Philosopher, entrepreneur
Damon Horowitz explores what is possible at the boundaries of technology and the humanities.

Why you should listen

Damon Horowitz is a philosophy professor and serial entrepreneur. He recently joined Google as In-House Philosopher / Director of Engineering, heading development of several initiatives involving social and search. He came to Google from Aardvark, the social search engine, where he was co-founder and CTO, overseeing product development and research strategy. Prior to Aardvark, Horowitz built several companies around applications of intelligent language processing. He co-founded Perspecta (acquired by Excite), was lead architect for Novation Biosciences (acquired by Agilent), and co-founded NewsDB (now Daylife).

Horowitz teaches courses in philosophy, cognitive science, and computer science at several institutions, including Stanford, NYU, University of Pennsylvania and San Quentin State Prison.

Get more information on the Prison University Project >>

More profile about the speaker
Damon Horowitz | Speaker | TED.com