ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Joachim de Posada - Speaker and author
Joachim de Posada was a speaker and motivational coach. He was the author of "How to Survive Among the Piranhas" and "Don't Eat the Marshmallow ... Yet."

Why you should listen

Joachim de Posada's infectious energy and humor turned him into a popular motivational coach. Working in Spanish and English, he helped companies and teams find deep and lasting reasons to succeed. His books included How to Survive Among the Piranhas and his latest, No te comas el marshmallow ... todavia, or Don't Eat the Marshmallow ... Yet. (He had recently updated the book for the recession, calling it Don't Eat the Marshmallow ... Ever.)

More profile about the speaker
Joachim de Posada | Speaker | TED.com
TED2009

Joachim de Posada: Don't eat the marshmallow!

Joachim de Posada: Não coma o marshmallow!

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Nesta pequena palestra do TED U, Joachim de Posada compartilha um experimento marcante sobre recompensa diferida e conta como os resultados podem prever o sucesso futuro. Com um vídeo impagável de crianças resistindo a comer o marshmallow.
- Speaker and author
Joachim de Posada was a speaker and motivational coach. He was the author of "How to Survive Among the Piranhas" and "Don't Eat the Marshmallow ... Yet." Full bio

Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.

00:18
I'm here because I have a very important message:
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Estou aqui porque tenho
uma mensagem muito importante.
00:21
I think we have found
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Eu acho que nós descobrimos
00:23
the most important factor for success.
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o fator mais importante para o sucesso.
00:26
And it was found close to here, Stanford.
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Foi descoberto aqui perto, em Stanford.
00:31
Psychology professor took kids that were four years old
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Um professor de psicologia
colocou crianças de quatro anos
00:35
and put them in a room all by themselves.
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sozinhas numa sala.
00:39
And he would tell the child, a four-year-old kid,
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E ele falava para elas,
crianças de quatro anos,
00:42
"Johnny, I am going to leave you here with a marshmallow
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"Johnny, eu vou te deixar aqui
com um marshmallow,
00:45
for 15 minutes.
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por 15 minutos.
00:47
If, after I come back, this marshmallow is here,
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Se o marshmallow estiver aqui
quando eu voltar,
00:51
you will get another one. So you will have two."
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você ganha outro.
Assim você fica com dois."
00:55
To tell a four-year-old kid to wait 15 minutes
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Dizer para uma criança
de quatro anos esperar 15 minutos
00:58
for something that they like,
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por uma coisa que ela gosta,
01:00
is equivalent to telling us, "We'll bring you coffee in two hours."
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é o mesmo que dizer para nós:
"Traremos seu café em duas horas."
01:04
(Laughter)
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(Risos)
01:05
Exact equivalent.
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Exatamente equivalente.
01:07
So what happened when the professor left the room?
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O que aconteceu
quando o professor saiu da sala?
01:12
As soon as the door closed...
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Assim que a porta fechou...
01:16
two out of three ate the marshmallow.
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duas a cada três comiam o marshmallow.
01:18
Five seconds, 10 seconds, 40 seconds, 50 seconds,
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Cinco segundos, 10, 40, 50,
01:21
two minutes, four minutes, eight minutes.
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dois minutos, quatro, oito.
01:23
Some lasted 14-and-a-half minutes.
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Algumas aguentaram 14 minutos e meio.
01:26
(Laughter)
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(Risos)
01:27
Couldn't do it. Could not wait.
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Não resistiram. Não conseguiram esperar.
01:31
What's interesting is that one out of three
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Interessante é que uma de cada três
01:34
would look at the marshmallow and go like this ...
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olhava o marshmallow e fazia...
01:39
Would look at it.
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Ela olhava.
01:41
Put it back.
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Colocava no lugar.
01:43
They would walk around. They would play with their skirts and pants.
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Elas passeavam.
Brincavam com o vestido e a calça.
01:48
That child already, at four, understood
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Aquela criança já entendia,
com quatro anos,
01:51
the most important principle for success,
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o princípio mais importante
para o sucesso.
01:54
which is the ability to delay gratification.
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A habilidade de diferir a recompensa.
01:58
Self-discipline:
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Autodisciplina,
02:00
the most important factor for success.
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o fator mais importante para o sucesso.
02:03
15 years later, 14 or 15 years later,
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14 ou 15 anos depois,
02:06
follow-up study.
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estudo complementar.
02:08
What did they find?
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O que descobriram?
02:10
They went to look for these kids who were now 18 and 19.
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Foram atrás daquelas crianças
que agora tinham 18 ou 19 anos.
02:13
And they found that 100 percent
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E descobriram que 100%
02:16
of the children that had not eaten the marshmallow were successful.
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das crianças que não comeram
o marshmallow eram bem-sucedidas.
02:20
They had good grades. They were doing wonderful.
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Elas tinham boas notas. Estavam super bem.
02:22
They were happy. They had their plans.
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Eram felizes. Faziam planos.
02:24
They had good relationships with the teachers, students.
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Tinham um bom relacionamento
com professores e colegas.
02:27
They were doing fine.
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Estavam se dando bem.
02:28
A great percentage of the kids that ate the marshmallow,
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Uma grande parte das crianças
que comeram o marshmallow,
02:31
they were in trouble.
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estava em apuros.
02:32
They did not make it to university.
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Não entraram na universidade.
02:34
They had bad grades. Some of them dropped out.
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Tinham notas ruins.
Alguns abandonaram as aulas.
02:36
A few were still there with bad grades.
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Alguns permaneceram, mas com notas ruins.
02:38
A few had good grades.
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Alguns tinham notas boas.
02:40
I had a question in my mind: Would Hispanic kids
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Eu tinha uma pergunta na cabeça:
será que as crianças latinas
02:42
react the same way as the American kids?
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reagiriam da mesma forma
que as americanas?
02:45
So I went to Colombia. And I reproduced the experiment.
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Para isso fui à Colômbia
e reproduzi o experimento.
02:48
And it was very funny. I used four, five and six years old kids.
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Foi muito engraçado. Usei crianças
de quatro, cinco e seis anos.
02:51
And let me show you what happened.
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Deixe-me mostrar o que aconteceu.
03:09
(Spanish) (Laughter)
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(Espanhol) (Risos)
04:50
So what happened in Colombia?
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O que aconteceu na Colômbia?
04:52
Hispanic kids, two out of three ate the marshmallow;
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Com as crianças latinas,
dois terços comeram o marshmallow.
04:55
one out of three did not.
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Uma de três não comeu.
04:57
This little girl was interesting;
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Essa garotinha foi interessante.
04:59
she ate the inside of the marshmallow.
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Ela comeu o miolo do marshmallow.
05:01
(Laughter)
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(Risos)
05:02
In other words, she wanted us to think that she had not eaten it, so she would get two.
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Ou seja, ela queria que pensássemos
que ela não comeu, para ganhar dois.
05:06
But she ate it.
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Mas ela comeu.
05:08
So we know she'll be successful. But we have to watch her.
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Sabemos que ela será bem sucedida.
Mas é bom ficarmos atentos.
05:11
(Laughter)
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(Risos)
05:12
She should not go into banking, for example,
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Ela não pode trabalhar
num banco, por exemplo,
05:15
or work at a cash register.
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ou recebendo dinheiro.
05:17
But she will be successful.
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Mas ela será bem sucedida.
05:19
And this applies for everything. Even in sales.
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Isso se aplica para tudo. Até em vendas.
05:21
The sales person that --
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O vendedor que...
O cliente diz: "Eu quero isso".
E ele diz: "Certo, aqui está."
05:25
the customer says, "I want that." And the person says, "Okay, here you are."
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05:27
That person ate the marshmallow.
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Essa pessoa comeu o marshmallow.
05:29
If the sales person says, "Wait a second.
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Se o vendedor diz: "Um momento.
05:31
Let me ask you a few questions to see if this is a good choice."
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Algumas perguntas para ver
se é uma boa escolha."
Aí você vende bem mais.
05:34
Then you sell a lot more.
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05:35
So this has applications in all walks of life.
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Isso se aplica a todas as classes sociais.
05:40
I end with -- the Koreans did this.
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Finalizando, os coreanos...
05:43
You know what? This is so good
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Sabem de uma coisa? É tão bom
que queríamos um livro infantil
sobre marshmallows.
05:45
that we want a marshmallow book for children.
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05:47
We did one for children. And now it is all over Korea.
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Fizemos um para crianças.
E agora está em toda Coreia.
05:50
They are teaching these kids exactly this principle.
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Estão ensinando
às crianças esse princípio.
05:52
And we need to learn that principle here in the States,
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Precisamos aprender
esse princípio aqui nos EUA.
05:54
because we have a big debt.
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Porque nós temos uma dívida enorme.
05:56
We are eating more marshmallows than we are producing.
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Estamos comendo mais marshmallows
do que produzimos.
05:58
Thank you so much.
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Muito obrigado.
Translated by Renan Botelho
Reviewed by Elisa Santos T.

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ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Joachim de Posada - Speaker and author
Joachim de Posada was a speaker and motivational coach. He was the author of "How to Survive Among the Piranhas" and "Don't Eat the Marshmallow ... Yet."

Why you should listen

Joachim de Posada's infectious energy and humor turned him into a popular motivational coach. Working in Spanish and English, he helped companies and teams find deep and lasting reasons to succeed. His books included How to Survive Among the Piranhas and his latest, No te comas el marshmallow ... todavia, or Don't Eat the Marshmallow ... Yet. (He had recently updated the book for the recession, calling it Don't Eat the Marshmallow ... Ever.)

More profile about the speaker
Joachim de Posada | Speaker | TED.com