ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Peter Haas - Building activist
Inveterate tinkerer Peter Haas is the co-founder of AIDG, the Appropriate Infrastructure Development Group, which connect people to electricity, sanitation and clean water through a combination of business incubation, education, and outreach.

Why you should listen

In 2005, Peter Haas co-founded AIDG -- the Appropriate Infrastructure Development Group -- an organization helping individuals and communities get affordable and environmentally sound access to electricity, sanitation and clean water through a combination of business incubation, education, and outreach. (Also on the board: TED Best-of-the-Web star Cat Laine.) Since co-founding AIDG, Haas has become an active voice for poverty issues, speaking at the World Bank, Harvard, MIT and other forums on technology, entrepreneurship and SME finance. He was named a TEDGlobal Fellow in 2009 and is now part of the three-year TED Senior Fellows program.

Before founding AIDG, Haas worked both in the information technology field and on an organic farm and horse ranch doing infrastructure improvement work. He tinkers in water systems, electrical systems, electronic systems, masonry, plumbing, biogas, irrigation, welding, metal casting and sustainable building.

More profile about the speaker
Peter Haas | Speaker | TED.com
TED Senior Fellows at TEDGlobal 2010

Peter Haas: When bad engineering makes a natural disaster even worse

Peter Hass: O desastre de engenharia do Haiti

Filmed:
370,231 views

"O Haiti não foi um desastre natural," diz o TED Fellow Peter Haas: "Foi um desastre de engenharia." Enquanto o país é reconstruído após o catastrófico abalo em janeiro, as más práticas de construções criariam outra bomba-relógio? O grupo de Haas, AIDG (Grupo de Desenvolvimento de Arquitetura Apropriada), está ajudando os construtores a aprenderem práticas modernas de construção e engenharia, para montar um país forte, tijolo a tijolo.
- Building activist
Inveterate tinkerer Peter Haas is the co-founder of AIDG, the Appropriate Infrastructure Development Group, which connect people to electricity, sanitation and clean water through a combination of business incubation, education, and outreach. Full bio

Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.

00:16
I learned about the Haiti earthquake by Skype.
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Eu soube do terremoto no Haiti via Skype.
00:19
My wife sent me a message,
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Minha esposa mandou uma mensagem,
00:22
"Whoa, earthquake,"
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"Whoa, terremoto,"
00:24
and then disappeared for 25 minutes.
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e desapareceu por 25 minutos.
00:28
It was 25 minutes of absolute terror
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Foram 25 minutos de terror
00:31
that thousands of people across the U.S. felt.
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sentidos por milhares de pessoas em todos os EUA.
00:36
I was afraid of a tsunami;
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Eu estava com medo de uma tsunami.
00:39
what I didn't realize
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O que não percebi
00:41
was there was a greater terror in Haiti,
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é que havia um terror maior no Haiti,
00:44
and that was building collapse.
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que era os prédios ruindo.
00:47
We've all seen the photos
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Nós já vimos as fotos
00:49
of the collapsed buildings in Haiti.
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dos prédios demolidos no Haiti.
00:52
These are shots my wife took
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Estas são fotos que minha esposa tirou
00:54
a couple days after the quake,
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dois dias depois do abalo,
00:56
while I was making my way through the D.R. into the country.
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enquanto eu estava na Rep. Dominicana a caminho de lá.
01:00
This is the national palace --
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Este é o Palácio Nacional,
01:02
the equivalent of the White House.
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equivalente à Casa Branca.
01:05
This is the largest supermarket in the Caribbean
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Este é o maior supermercado do Caribe
01:08
at peak shopping time.
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nos horários de pico.
01:13
This is a nurses' college --
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Este é um colégio de enfermeiros.
01:15
there are 300 nurses studying.
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Onde estudavam 300 enfermeiros.
01:19
The general hospital right next door
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O hospital geral ao lado
01:21
emerged largely unscathed.
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afundou relativamente ileso.
01:24
This is the Ministry of Economics and Finance.
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Este é o Ministério de Economia e Finança
01:30
We have all heard
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Todos nós ouvimos
01:32
about the tremendous human loss
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sobre a grande perda de vidas
01:35
in the earthquake in Haiti,
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no terremoto do Haiti,
01:37
but we haven't heard enough
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mas não ouvimos muito
01:40
about why all those lives were lost.
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sobre como essas vidas foram perdidas.
01:43
We haven't heard about
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Não ouvimos sobre
01:45
why the buildings failed.
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o motivo dos prédios caírem.
01:48
After all, it was the buildings,
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Afinal, foram os prédios,
01:50
not the earthquake,
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não o terremoto,
01:52
that killed 220,000 people,
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que matou 220 mil pessoas,
01:55
that injured 330,000,
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que feriu 330 mil.
01:58
that displaced 1.3 million people,
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que afetou 1,3 milhões de pessoas,
02:04
that cut off food
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que cortou a comida,
02:06
and water and supplies
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água e suprimentos
02:08
for an entire nation.
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de uma nação inteira.
02:11
This is the largest metropolitan-area disaster
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Este foi o maior desastre numa área urbana
02:16
in decades,
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em décadas.
02:19
and it was not a natural disaster --
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E não foi um desastre natural.
02:22
it was a disaster of engineering.
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Foi um desastre de engenharia.
02:25
AIDG has worked in Haiti
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o AIDG trabalhou no Haiti [Grupo de Desenvolvimento e Infraestrutura Apropriada]
02:27
since 2007,
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desde 2007,
02:29
providing engineering and business support
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fornecendo suporte de engenharia e negócios
02:31
to small businesses.
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para pequenas empresas.
02:33
And after the quake, we started bringing in earthquake engineers
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após o abalo, trouxemos engenheiros sísmicos
02:37
to figure out why the buildings collapsed,
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para descobrir o motivo dos desabamentos,
02:39
to examine what was safe and what wasn't.
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para analisar o que estava seguro e o que não estava.
02:42
Working with MINUSTAH,
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Trabalhando com a MINUSTAH,
02:45
which is the U.N. mission in Haiti,
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que é a missão da ONU no Haiti,
02:47
with the Ministry of Public Works,
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com o Ministério do Trabalho Público,
02:49
with different NGOs,
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com diferentes ONGs,
02:51
we inspected over 1,500 buildings.
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inspecionamos mais de 1500 construções.
02:55
We inspected schools
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Inspecionamos escolas
02:57
and private residencies.
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e residências privadas.
02:59
We inspected medical centers
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Inspecionamos centros médicos
03:01
and food warehouses.
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e armazéns.
03:03
We inspected government buildings.
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Inspecionamos prédios governamentais.
03:05
This is the Ministry of Justice.
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Este é o Ministério da Justiça.
03:07
Behind that door
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Atrás daquela porta
03:09
is the National Judicial Archives.
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é o Arquivo Nacional Judiciário.
03:12
The fellow in the door, Andre Filitrault --
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O homem na porta, Andre Filitrault,
03:14
who's the director
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que é diretor
03:16
of the Center for Interdisciplinary Earthquake Engineering Research
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do Centro de Pesquisa Interdisciplinar de Engenharia Sísmica
03:20
at the University of Buffalo --
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da Universidade de Buffalo,
03:23
was examining it to see if it was safe
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estava checando se era seguro
03:25
to recover the archives.
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recuperar os arquivos.
03:27
Andre told me,
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Ele me disse,
03:29
after seeing these buildings fail
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após ver as falhas das construções
03:31
again and again in the same way,
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sempre do mesmo jeito,
03:34
that there is no new research here.
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que não havia mais pesquisa a fazer.
03:37
There is nothing here that we don't know.
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Não havia nada que não soubéssemos.
03:40
The failure points were the same:
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Os pontos de falha eram os mesmos --
03:43
walls and slabs not tied properly into columns --
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Paredes e andares mal presos às colunas --
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that's a roof slab hanging off the building --
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este é a laje de um andar pendurada no prédio --
03:51
cantilevered structures,
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estruturas balançando,
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or structures that were asymmetric,
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ou estruturas assimétricas,
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that shook violently and came down,
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que balançaram até cair,
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poor building materials,
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material ruim,
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not enough concrete,
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concreto insuficiente,
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not enough compression in the blocks,
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compressão errada nos blocos,
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rebar that was smooth,
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vigas que eram lisas,
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rebar that was exposed to the weather and had rusted away.
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vigas que foram expostas à umidade e enferrujaram.
04:12
Now there's a solution
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Agora há uma solução
04:15
to all these problems.
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para todos esses problemas.
04:17
And we know how to build properly.
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E sabemos como construir prédios apropriados.
04:20
The proof of this came in Chile,
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A prova disto veio do Chile,
04:23
almost a month later,
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a quase um mês atrás,
04:26
when 8.8 magnitude earthquake
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quando um terremoto de magnitude 8.8
04:30
hit Chile.
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ocorreu no Chile.
04:32
That is 500 times
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Isto é 500 vezes
04:34
the power of the 7.0
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mais poderoso do que o 7.0
04:36
that hit Port-au-Prince --
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que atingiu Porto e Príncipe --
04:39
500 times the power,
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500 vezes o poder,
04:41
yet only under a thousand casualties.
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mas causando menos de mil mortes.
04:46
Adjusted for population density,
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Ajustando à densidade populacional,
04:48
that is less than one percent
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é menos do que um porcento
04:50
of the impact of the Haitian quake.
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do impacto pelo terremoto do Haiti
04:54
What was the difference
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Qual foi a diferença
04:56
between Chile and Haiti?
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entre o Chile e o Haiti?
04:59
Seismic standards
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Padrões sísmicos
05:01
and confined masonry,
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e alvenaria confinada
05:04
where the building acts as a whole --
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onde o prédio age como um todo --
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walls and columns
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paredes e colunas,
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and roofs and slabs
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tetos e lajes
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tied together to support each other --
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são conectados para suportar uns aos outros,
05:13
instead of breaking off into separate members and failing.
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em vez de quebrar em várias partes.
05:18
If you look at this building in Chile,
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Se olhar para este prédio no Chile,
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it's ripped in half,
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foi aberto ao meio,
05:23
but it's not a pile of rubble.
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mas não é uma pilha de destroços.
05:27
Chileans have been building with confined masonry
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Chilenos vêm construindo com alvenaria confinada
05:29
for decades.
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por décadas.
05:32
Right now, AIDG is working with KPFF Consulting Engineers,
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Atualmente a AIDG está trabalhando com a consultora de engenharia KPFF,
05:36
Architecture for Humanity,
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"Arquitetura para Humanidade",
05:38
to bring more confined masonry training
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para fornecer treinamentos de alvenaria confinada
05:41
into Haiti.
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ao Haiti.
05:45
This is Xantus Daniel;
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Este é Xantus Daniel.
05:47
he's a mason,
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ele é um pedreiro,
05:49
just a general construction worker, not a foreman,
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um construtor comum, não um mestre de obras,
05:52
who took one of our trainings.
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que recebeu nosso treinamento.
05:54
On his last job he was working with his boss,
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Em seu último trabalho ele estava com seu chefe,
05:57
and they started pouring the columns wrong.
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e eles começaram a subir as colunas errado.
06:00
He took his boss aside,
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Ele chamou seu chefe,
06:02
and he showed him the materials on confined masonry.
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e mostrou os materiais de alvenaria confinada.
06:05
He showed him, "You know, we don't have to do this wrong.
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Mostrou a ele, "Nós não precisamos fazer isso errado.
06:08
It won't cost us any more
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Não vai nos custar mais
06:10
to do it the right way."
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fazer da maneira certa."
06:13
And they redid that building.
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E eles refizeram o prédio.
06:15
They tied the rebar right,
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Amarraram as barras corretamente.
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they poured the columns right,
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Subiram corretamente as colunas.
06:19
and that building will be safe.
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E aquele prédio será seguro.
06:21
And every building
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E qualquer prédio
06:23
that they build going forward
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que eles construírem
06:25
will be safe.
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será seguro.
06:28
To make sure these buildings are safe,
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Para garantir que os prédios eram seguros,
06:30
it's not going to take policy --
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não vai ser necessário política,
06:33
it's going to take reaching out
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vai ser preciso localizar
06:35
to the masons on the ground
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os pedreiros
06:38
and helping them learn the proper techniques.
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e ajudá-los a aprender técnicas apropriadas.
06:43
Now there are many groups doing this.
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Agora há muitos grupos fazendo isto.
06:45
And the fellow in the vest there,
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E o homem de uniforme aqui,
06:47
Craig Toten,
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Craig Toten,
06:49
he has pushed forward
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insistiu
06:51
to get documentation out to all the groups that are doing this.
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para enviar a documentação a todos os grupos.
06:55
Through Haiti Rewired,
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Através do Haiti Rewired,
06:57
through Build Change, Architecture for Humanity,
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através do Build Change, Architecture for Humanity,
07:00
AIDG,
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AIDG,
07:02
there is the possibility
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existe a possibilidade
07:04
to reach out
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de alcançar
07:07
to 30,000 -- 40,000 masons
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de 30 mil a 40 mil pedreiros
07:10
across the country
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pelo país
07:12
and create a movement of proper building.
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e criar um movimento de construção apropriada.
07:17
If you reach out to the people on the ground
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Se você alcançar as pessoas
07:19
in this collaborative way
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neste modo colaborado
07:21
it's extremely affordable.
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é extremamente viável.
07:24
For the billions spent on reconstruction,
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Para os bilhões gastos na reconstrução,
07:28
you can train masons
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você pode treinar pedreiros
07:30
for dollars on every house
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por dólares em cada casa
07:32
that they end up building over their lifetime.
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que eles irão construir por toda a vida.
07:37
Ultimately, there are two ways
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Enfim, há duas maneiras
07:39
that you can rebuild Haiti;
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de reconstruir o Haiti,
07:41
the way at the top
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A maneira de cima
07:43
is the way that Haiti's been building for decades.
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é a que vem sendo usada por décadas.
07:46
The way at the top
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A maneira de cima
07:48
is a poorly constructed building
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é uma construção mal feita
07:50
that will fail.
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que irá falhar.
07:52
The way at the bottom is a confined masonry building,
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A maneira abaixo é usando alvenaria confinada,
07:55
where the walls are tied together,
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onde as paredes são presas juntas,
07:57
the building is symmetric,
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e a construção é simétrica,
07:59
and it will stand up to an earthquake.
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e irá ficar em pé nos terremotos.
08:02
For all the disaster,
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Para todos os desastres,
08:04
there is an opportunity here
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existe a oportunidade
08:07
to build better houses
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de construir casas melhores
08:09
for the next generation,
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para a próxima geração,
08:11
so that when the next earthquake hits,
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e quando o próximo terremoto ocorrer,
08:14
it is a disaster --
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ser um desastre,
08:16
but not a tragedy.
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mas não uma tragédia.
08:19
(Applause)
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(Aplausos)

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ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Peter Haas - Building activist
Inveterate tinkerer Peter Haas is the co-founder of AIDG, the Appropriate Infrastructure Development Group, which connect people to electricity, sanitation and clean water through a combination of business incubation, education, and outreach.

Why you should listen

In 2005, Peter Haas co-founded AIDG -- the Appropriate Infrastructure Development Group -- an organization helping individuals and communities get affordable and environmentally sound access to electricity, sanitation and clean water through a combination of business incubation, education, and outreach. (Also on the board: TED Best-of-the-Web star Cat Laine.) Since co-founding AIDG, Haas has become an active voice for poverty issues, speaking at the World Bank, Harvard, MIT and other forums on technology, entrepreneurship and SME finance. He was named a TEDGlobal Fellow in 2009 and is now part of the three-year TED Senior Fellows program.

Before founding AIDG, Haas worked both in the information technology field and on an organic farm and horse ranch doing infrastructure improvement work. He tinkers in water systems, electrical systems, electronic systems, masonry, plumbing, biogas, irrigation, welding, metal casting and sustainable building.

More profile about the speaker
Peter Haas | Speaker | TED.com