TEDGlobal 2012
Leslie T. Chang: The voices of China's workers
Leslie T. Chang: Glasovi kitajskih delavcev
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Aktualni pogovori o globalizaciji preslišijo glasove delavcev, milijonov ljudi, ki se preseljujejo zaradi dela v kitajskih tovarnah in drugih razvijajočih državah ter izdelujejo artikle, naprodaj po celem svetu. Poročevalka Leslie T. Chang je poiskala ženske, ki delajo v enem od kitajskih cvetočih velemest, da bi predstavila njihove zgodbe.
Leslie T. Chang - Journalist
In her reporting and writing, Leslie T. Chang explores the lives of workers in China, focusing on the experience of women. Full bio
In her reporting and writing, Leslie T. Chang explores the lives of workers in China, focusing on the experience of women. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:16
Hi. So I'd like to talk a little bit about the people
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Pozdravljeni. Želela bi govoriti o ljudeh,
00:19
who make the things we use every day:
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ki proizvajajo stvari, ki jih dnevno uporabljamo -
00:21
our shoes, our handbags, our computers and cell phones.
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naše čevlje, torbice, računalnike in mobilnike.
00:25
Now, this is a conversation that often calls up a lot of guilt.
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Ta tema pri ljudeh pogosto vzbudi slabo vest.
00:29
Imagine the teenage farm girl who makes less than
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Predstavljajte si najstnico s kmetije,
00:33
a dollar an hour stitching your running shoes,
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ki s šivanjem vaših tekaških copat zasluži
manj kot dolar na uro,
manj kot dolar na uro,
00:36
or the young Chinese man who jumps off a rooftop
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ali mladega Kitajca, ki skoči s strehe
00:38
after working overtime assembling your iPad.
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po nadurah sestavljanja vašega iPada.
00:43
We, the beneficiaries of globalization, seem to exploit
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Mi, udeleženci globalizacije, te žrtve izkoriščamo
00:46
these victims with every purchase we make,
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z vsakim opravljenim nakupom
00:49
and the injustice
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in krivica se zdi
00:50
feels embedded in the products themselves.
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vtkana v izdelke same.
00:54
After all, what's wrong with a world in which a worker
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Kam gre namreč svet,
v katerem delavec za tekočim trakom
v katerem delavec za tekočim trakom
00:56
on an iPhone assembly line can't even afford to buy one?
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sestavlja iPhone, a si ne more privoščiti svojega?
01:00
It's taken for granted that Chinese factories are oppressive,
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Samoumevno se nam zdi,
da so kitajske tovarne zatiralne
da so kitajske tovarne zatiralne
01:03
and that it's our desire for cheap goods
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in da jih pravzaprav naša želja po poceni artiklih
01:05
that makes them so.
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dela takšne.
01:08
So, this simple narrative equating Western demand
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Ta preprosta pripoved, ki povezuje potrebe zahoda
01:11
and Chinese suffering is appealing,
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s kitajskim trpljenjem, je zanimiva,
01:14
especially at a time when many of us already feel guilty
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še posebej v času, ko se nas mnogo že počuti
01:17
about our impact on the world,
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krive za razmere v svetu,
01:19
but it's also inaccurate and disrespectful.
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a je tudi netočna in celo nespoštljiva.
01:23
We must be peculiarly self-obsessed to imagine that we
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Kako vase zagledani moramo biti, da verjamemo,
01:26
have the power to drive tens of millions of people
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da desetine milijonov ljudi
01:29
on the other side of the world to migrate and suffer
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na drugem koncu sveta
vodimo v preseljevanja in trpljenje
vodimo v preseljevanja in trpljenje
01:32
in such terrible ways.
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na tako strašne načine.
01:35
In fact, China makes goods for markets all over the world,
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Kitajska lahko ustvarja proizvode za svetovne trge,
01:38
including its own, thanks to a combination of factors:
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vključno s svojim, zaradi skupka dejavnikov -
01:41
its low costs, its large and educated workforce,
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nizkih stroškov, obsežne in izobražene delovne sile
01:45
and a flexible manufacturing system
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ter prilagodljivega proizvodnega sistema,
01:47
that responds quickly to market demands.
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ki se hitro odziva na potrebe trga.
01:50
By focusing so much on ourselves and our gadgets,
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S tem, ko smo obsedeni s sabo in
z našimi napravami,
z našimi napravami,
01:53
we have rendered the individuals on the other end
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smo ljudi na drugem koncu naredili nevidne,
01:56
into invisibility, as tiny and interchangeable
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tako majhne in nadomestjive
01:59
as the parts of a mobile phone.
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kot sestavne delčke mobilnega telefona.
02:02
Chinese workers are not forced into factories
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Kitajski delavci niso prisiljeni delati v tovarnah
02:05
because of our insatiable desire for iPods.
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zaradi naše nenasitne želje po iPodih.
02:07
They choose to leave their homes in order to earn money,
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Odločijo se zapustiti domove, da bi zaslužili,
02:10
to learn new skills, and to see the world.
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se izučili novih spretnosti in videli svet.
02:14
In the ongoing debate about globalization, what's
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V aktualnih pogovorih o globalizaciji
02:17
been missing is the voices of the workers themselves.
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manjkajo glasovi delavcev samih.
02:20
Here are a few.
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Tu jih je nekaj.
02:23
Bao Yongxiu: "My mother tells me to come home
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Bao Yongxiu: "Moja mama želi, da pridem domov
02:26
and get married, but if I marry now, before I have fully
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in se omožim. A če to storim zdaj,
ko se želim še razvijati,
ko se želim še razvijati,
02:30
developed myself, I can only marry an ordinary worker,
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se lahko poročim le z navadnim delavcem,
02:34
so I'm not in a rush."
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zato nočem hiteti."
02:37
Chen Ying: "When I went home for the new year,
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Chen Ying: "Ko sem šla domov za novo leto,
02:40
everyone said I had changed. They asked me,
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so mi vsi dejali, da sem se spremenila.
02:43
what did you do that you have changed so much?
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Vprašali so me, kaj je privedlo do tega.
02:46
I told them that I studied and worked hard. If you tell them
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Povedala sem jim, da sem se pridno učila in delala.
02:49
more, they won't understand anyway."
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Če bi jim povedala več, itak ne bi razumeli."
02:53
Wu Chunming: "Even if I make a lot of money,
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Wu Chunming: "Tudi če bi veliko zaslužila,
02:56
it won't satisfy me.
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ne bi bila zadovoljna.
02:58
Just to make money is not enough meaning in life."
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Le kopičenje denarja ni dovolj v življenju."
03:03
Xiao Jin: "Now, after I get off work, I study English,
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Xiao Jin: "Po končanem delu se učim angleščino,
03:07
because in the future, our customers won't
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saj v prihodnosti naše stranke ne bodo le Kitajci,
03:09
be only Chinese, so we must learn more languages."
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zato se moramo naučiti več jezikov."
03:13
All of these speakers, by the way, are young women,
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Vse to so glasovi mladih žensk,
03:16
18 or 19 years old.
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starih 18 ali 19 let.
03:19
So I spent two years getting to know assembly line workers
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Dve leti sem spoznavala delavce za tekočim trakom,
03:22
like these in the south China factory city called Dongguan.
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kot so ti v tovarni v mestu Dongguan
na jugu Kitajske.
na jugu Kitajske.
03:26
Certain subjects came up over and over:
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Nekatere teme pogovora so se pogosto ponavljale -
03:28
how much money they made,
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koliko zaslužijo,
03:30
what kind of husband they hoped to marry,
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kakšnega moža si želijo,
03:32
whether they should jump to another factory
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ali bi bilo pametno zamenjati tovarno
03:35
or stay where they were.
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ali ostati v tej.
03:37
Other subjects came up almost never, including
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Drugih tem se skoraj nikoli niso dotaknile,
03:39
living conditions that to me looked close to prison life:
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na primer bivanjskih pogojev,
ki so se mi zdeli kot zapor -
ki so se mi zdeli kot zapor -
03:42
10 or 15 workers in one room,
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10 do 15 delavcev v eni sobi,
03:45
50 people sharing a single bathroom,
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ena kopalnica za 50 ljudi,
03:48
days and nights ruled by the factory clock.
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tovarniška ura, ki meri dneve in noči.
03:51
Everyone they knew lived in similar circumstances,
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Vsi njihovi znanci so živeli v podobnih razmerah,
03:55
and it was still better than the dormitories and homes
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a so kljub temu bile boljše kot spalnice in domovi
03:58
of rural China.
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podeželske Kitajske.
04:00
The workers rarely spoke about the products they made,
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Delavci so le redko govorili o izdelkih,
ki so jih ustvarjali,
ki so jih ustvarjali,
04:03
and they often had great difficulty explaining
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in pogosto niso znali povedati,
04:05
what exactly they did.
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kaj točno delajo.
04:08
When I asked Lu Qingmin,
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Ko sem vprašala Lu Qingmin,
04:09
the young woman I got to know best,
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mlado žensko, s katero sva se najbolj zbližali,
04:12
what exactly she did on the factory floor,
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kaj točno počne v tovarni,
04:14
she said something to me in Chinese that sounded like
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mi je v kitajščini odgovorila nekaj takega kot
04:16
"qiu xi."
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"qiu xi".
04:18
Only much later did I realize that she had been saying
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Šele dosti kasneje sem ugotovila, da je s tem mislila
04:21
"QC," or quality control.
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"QC" ali nadzor kakovosti.
04:24
She couldn't even tell me what she did on the factory floor.
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Ni znala torej točno razložiti, kaj je njeno delo.
04:28
All she could do was parrot a garbled abbreviation
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Le ponovila je popačeno okrajšavo
04:31
in a language she didn't even understand.
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v jeziku, ki ga še sama ni razumela.
04:35
Karl Marx saw this as the tragedy of capitalism,
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Karl Marx je v tem videl tragedijo kapitalizma,
04:38
the alienation of the worker from the product of his labor.
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odtujitev delavca od izdelka v njegovih rokah.
04:42
Unlike, say, a traditional maker of shoes or cabinets,
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Za razliko od tradicionalnih čevljarjev
ali mizarjev
ali mizarjev
04:46
the worker in an industrial factory has no control,
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delavec v industrijski tovarni nima nadzora,
04:49
no pleasure, and no true satisfaction or understanding
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veselja, zadovoljstva ali razumevanja
04:53
in her own work.
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njegovega dela.
04:55
But like so many theories that Marx arrived at
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A kot mnogo drugih teorij, do katerih je Marx prišel
04:57
sitting in the reading room of the British Museum,
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v čitalnici Britanskega muzeja,
05:00
he got this one wrong.
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je ta napačna.
05:03
Just because a person spends her time
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Čeprav neka oseba preživi čas
05:05
making a piece of something does not mean
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v izdelovanju dela nekega proizvoda,
to še ne pomeni,
to še ne pomeni,
05:08
that she becomes that, a piece of something.
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da sama postane prav to, del nečesa.
05:10
What she does with the money she earns,
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Kar stori z zasluženim denarjem,
05:13
what she learns in that place, and how it changes her,
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denarjem od dela na tistem kraju,
in kako jo to spremeni,
in kako jo to spremeni,
05:17
these are the things that matter.
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so dejstva, ki štejejo.
05:20
What a factory makes is never the point, and
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Končni izdelek ni nikdar bistvo
05:22
the workers could not care less who buys their products.
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in delavcem je skrajno vseeno, kdo je njegov kupec.
05:26
Journalistic coverage of Chinese factories,
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Novinarsko poročanje iz kitajskih tovarn,
05:29
on the other hand, plays up this relationship
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na drugi strani, prikazuje razmerje
05:31
between the workers and the products they make.
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med delavci in proizvodi, ki tam nastajajo.
05:34
Many articles calculate: How long would it take
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Veliko člankov dela izračune, koliko časa bi moral
05:37
for this worker to work in order to earn enough money
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delavec opravljati to delo, da bi si z zasluženim
05:39
to buy what he's making?
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lahko privoščil artikel, ki ga izdeluje.
05:42
For example, an entry-level-line assembly line worker
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Delavec za tekočim trakom
z nezahtevnimi zadolžitvami
z nezahtevnimi zadolžitvami
05:44
in China in an iPhone plant would have to shell out
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v kitajskem obratu za iPhone bi moral
05:48
two and a half months' wages for an iPhone.
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zanj odšteti plači dveh mesecev in pol.
05:51
But how meaningful is this calculation, really?
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A kako bistven je pravzaprav ta izračun?
05:55
For example, I recently wrote an article
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Pred kratkim sem na primer napisala članek
05:57
in The New Yorker magazine,
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za časopis The New Yorker,
05:58
but I can't afford to buy an ad in it.
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a kljub temu si ne morem privoščiti oglasa v njem.
06:01
But, who cares? I don't want an ad in The New Yorker,
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In kaj potem? Saj nočem oglasa v časopisu,
06:03
and most of these workers don't really want iPhones.
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tako kot večina teh delavcev ne želi iPhonov.
06:06
Their calculations are different.
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Njihovi izračuni so drugačni.
06:08
How long should I stay in this factory?
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Koliko časa bi moral ostati v tej tovarni?
06:10
How much money can I save?
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Koliko denarja lahko privarčujem?
06:13
How much will it take to buy an apartment or a car,
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Kdaj si bom lahko privoščil nakup stanovanja ali avta,
06:15
to get married, or to put my child through school?
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poroko ali šolanje mojega otroka?
06:20
The workers I got to know had a curiously abstract
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Delavci, ki sem jih spoznala, so imeli s proizvodom
06:23
relationship with the product of their labor.
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njihovega dela nenavadno abstrakten odnos.
06:26
About a year after I met Lu Qingmin, or Min,
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Kakšno leto po tem, ko sem spoznala
Lu Qingmin oz. Min,
Lu Qingmin oz. Min,
06:30
she invited me home to her family village
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me je povabila domov v domačo vas
06:32
for the Chinese New Year.
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ob praznovanju kitajskega novega leta.
06:34
On the train home, she gave me a present:
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Na vlaku domov mi je dala darilo,
06:36
a Coach brand change purse with brown leather trim.
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drobižnico znamke Coach z obrobo iz rjavega usnja.
06:41
I thanked her, assuming it was fake,
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Zahvalila sem se ji in mislila, da gre za ponaredek,
06:42
like almost everything else for sale in Dongguan.
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kot večina stvari naprodaj v Dongguanu.
06:46
After we got home, Min gave her mother another present:
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Doma je Min dala svoji mami še eno darilo,
06:50
a pink Dooney & Bourke handbag,
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rožnato torbico znamke Dooney & Bourke,
06:52
and a few nights later, her sister was showing off
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in nekaj večerov kasneje je njena sestra
06:54
a maroon LeSportsac shoulder bag.
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ponosno nosila rjavo torbo znamke LeSportsac.
06:58
Slowly it was dawning on me that these handbags
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Počasi sem spoznala, da so te torbe
07:01
were made by their factory,
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izdelovali v tovarni, kjer dela,
07:03
and every single one of them was authentic.
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in prav vsaka je bila original.
07:07
Min's sister said to her parents,
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Minina sestra je povedala staršema,
07:09
"In America, this bag sells for 320 dollars."
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"V Ameriki taka torbica stane 320 dolarjev."
07:12
Her parents, who are both farmers, looked on, speechless.
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Starša, oba kmetovalca, sta nemo ostrmela.
07:15
"And that's not all -- Coach is coming out with a new line,
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"In to še ni vse, znamka Coach
ustvarja novo kolekcijo
ustvarja novo kolekcijo
07:18
2191," she said. "One bag will sell for 6,000."
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imenovano 2191. Torbica bo stala 6.000."
07:23
She paused and said, "I don't know if that's 6,000 yuan or
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Ustavila se je in nadaljevala, "Ne vem, ali to pomeni
07:27
6,000 American dollars, but anyway, it's 6,000." (Laughter)
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6.000 yuanov ali dolarjev,
a kakorkoli, vredna bo 6.000." (Smeh)
a kakorkoli, vredna bo 6.000." (Smeh)
07:33
Min's sister's boyfriend, who had traveled home with her
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Fant Minine sestre, ki je prišel z njo za novo leto,
07:35
for the new year, said,
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je rekel,
07:37
"It doesn't look like it's worth that much."
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"Sploh ne zgleda, da je toliko vredna."
07:40
Min's sister turned to him and said, "Some people actually
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Minina sestra se je obrnila in rekla,
"Nekateri ljudje razumejo te stvari."
"Nekateri ljudje razumejo te stvari."
07:43
understand these things. You don't understand shit."
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"Ti pa nimaš pojma."
07:47
(Laughter) (Applause)
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(Smeh) (Aplavz)
07:51
In Min's world, the Coach bags had a curious currency.
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V Mininem svetu imajo Coach torbice
nenavadno vrednost.
nenavadno vrednost.
07:55
They weren't exactly worthless, but they were nothing
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Niso bile ravno ničvredne, a še vedno zelo daleč
07:58
close to the actual value, because almost no one they knew
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od prodajne vrednosti, saj jih ni skoraj nihče
08:00
wanted to buy one, or knew how much it was worth.
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hotel kupiti ali poznal njihove cene.
08:04
Once, when Min's older sister's friend got married,
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Ko se je poročila prijateljica Minine starejše sestre,
08:08
she brought a handbag along as a wedding present.
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je Min skupaj z darilom prinesla tudi ročno torbico.
08:10
Another time, after Min had already left
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Drugič, ko Min že ni več delala v tovarni torbic,
08:13
the handbag factory, her younger sister came to visit,
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jo je obiskala njena mlajša sestra
08:16
bringing two Coach Signature handbags as gifts.
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in kot darilo prinesla dve torbici
kolekcije Coach Signature.
kolekcije Coach Signature.
08:20
I looked in the zippered pocket of one,
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Pogledala sem v žepek z zadrgo ene od torbic,
08:22
and I found a printed card in English, which read,
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v katerem je bila kartica z napisom v angleščini,
ki pravi,
ki pravi,
08:26
"An American classic.
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"Ameriška klasika.
08:29
In 1941, the burnished patina
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Leta 1941 je zglajena patina
08:32
of an all-American baseball glove
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ameriške rokavice za baseball
08:34
inspired the founder of Coach to create
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navdihnila ustanovitelja znamke Coach,
08:37
a new collection of handbags from the same
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da je nastala nova linija ročnih torbic
08:39
luxuriously soft gloved-hand leather.
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iz enakega prestižno mehkega usnja.
08:42
Six skilled leatherworkers crafted 12 Signature handbags
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Šest spretnih usnjarjev je ustvarilo
12 torbic linije Signature,
12 torbic linije Signature,
08:46
with perfect proportions and a timeless flair.
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popolnih razmerij in brezčasne elegance.
08:50
They were fresh, functional, and women everywhere
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Bile so sveže, praktične in ženske so jih oboževale.
08:53
adored them. A new American classic was born."
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Rodila se je nova ameriška klasika."
08:58
I wonder what Karl Marx would have made of Min
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Sprašujem se, kaj bi Karl Marx videl v Min
09:00
and her sisters.
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in njenih sestrah.
09:02
Their relationship with the product of their labor
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Njihov odnos do rezultatov njihovega dela
09:05
was more complicated, surprising and funny
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je bolj zapleten, presenetljiv in zabaven,
09:07
than he could have imagined.
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kot si je lahko zamišljal.
09:09
And yet, his view of the world persists, and our tendency
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A še vedno njegov pogled na svet ostaja
09:12
to see the workers as faceless masses,
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in z njim naše nagnjenje,
da vidimo delavce kot množice brez identitete,
da vidimo delavce kot množice brez identitete,
09:15
to imagine that we can know what they're really thinking.
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in da verjamemo, da natančno vemo,
kako razmišljajo.
kako razmišljajo.
09:19
The first time I met Min, she had just turned 18
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Ko sem prvič srečala Min, je pravkar dopolnila 18 let
09:22
and quit her first job on the assembly line
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in pustila prvo službo za tekočim trakom
09:25
of an electronics factory.
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v tovarni z elektroniko.
09:27
Over the next two years, I watched as she switched jobs
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Naslednji dve leti je zamenjala službo petkrat
09:30
five times, eventually landing a lucrative post
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in nazadnje pristala na obetavnem položaju
09:33
in the purchasing department of a hardware factory.
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na nakupnem oddelku tovarne za strojno opremo.
09:36
Later, she married a fellow migrant worker,
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Zatem se je poročila s kolegom,
priseljenim delavcem,
priseljenim delavcem,
09:39
moved with him to his village,
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se preselila z njim v njegovo vas,
09:41
gave birth to two daughters,
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rodila dve hčerki
09:43
and saved enough money to buy a secondhand Buick
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in privarčevala dovolj denarja za nakup
rabljenega Buicka zase
rabljenega Buicka zase
09:46
for herself and an apartment for her parents.
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in stanovanja za njene starše.
09:50
She recently returned to Dongguan on her own
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Pred kratkim se je sama vrnila v Dongguan,
09:53
to take a job in a factory that makes construction cranes,
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na delovno mesto v tovarni,
ki izdeluje gradbene žerjave,
ki izdeluje gradbene žerjave,
09:57
temporarily leaving her husband and children
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in začasno zapustila moža in otroka,
09:59
back in the village.
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ki so ostali v vasi.
10:01
In a recent email to me, she explained,
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V nedavnem elektronskem sporočilu mi je pisala,
10:03
"A person should have some ambition while she is young
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"Mlad človek bi moral imeti želje,
10:07
so that in old age she can look back on her life
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da se lahko na stara leta ozre
10:10
and feel that it was not lived to no purpose."
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in ve, da ni zapravil življenja."
10:15
Across China, there are 150 million workers like her,
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Na Kitajskem je 150 milijonov takih delavcev,
10:19
one third of them women, who have left their villages
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tretjina je žensk, ki so zapustile domače vasi
10:22
to work in the factories, the hotels, the restaurants
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in odšle na delo v tovarne, hotele, restavracije
10:26
and the construction sites of the big cities.
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in gradbišča v velemesta.
10:28
Together, they make up the largest migration in history,
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Skupaj predstavljajo najobsežnejše
preseljevanje v zgodovini
preseljevanje v zgodovini
10:32
and it is globalization, this chain that begins
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in prav globalizacija, veriga, ki se začenja
10:35
in a Chinese farming village
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v kitajski podeželski vasi
10:37
and ends with iPhones in our pockets and Nikes on our feet
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in se konča z iPhoni v naših žepih,
čevlji Nike na naših nogah
čevlji Nike na naših nogah
10:41
and Coach handbags on our arms
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in Coach torbicami v naših rokah,
10:44
that has changed the way these millions of people
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je spremenila način, kako ti milijoni ljudi
10:46
work and marry and live and think.
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delajo, se poročajo, živijo in razmišljajo.
10:51
Very few of them would want to go back
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Le peščica si jih želi nazaj
10:53
to the way things used to be.
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v stare razmere.
10:55
When I first went to Dongguan, I worried that
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Ko sem prvič šla v Dongguan, sem se bala,
10:59
it would be depressing to spend so much time with workers.
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da me bo preživljanje časa z delavci začelo moriti.
11:03
I also worried that nothing would ever happen to them,
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Skrbelo me je, da se jim ne bo nič novega dogajalo,
11:06
or that they would have nothing to say to me.
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ali da mi ne bodo ničesar povedali.
11:08
Instead, I found young women who were smart and funny
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Pravzaprav pa sem spoznala mlade ženske,
ki so bistre in zabavne,
ki so bistre in zabavne,
11:11
and brave and generous.
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pogumne in velikodušne.
11:14
By opening up their lives to me,
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Ko so me sprejele v svoja življenja,
11:16
they taught me so much about factories
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so me ogromno naučile o tovarnah,
11:18
and about China and about how to live in the world.
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o Kitajski in kako živeti v svetu.
11:25
This is the Coach purse that Min gave me
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To je Coach denarnica, ki mi jo je podarila Min
11:28
on the train home to visit her family.
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na vlaku med potjo k njenim domačim.
11:30
I keep it with me to remind me of the ties that tie me
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Imam jo s sabo, da me opominja na vezi,
11:33
to the young women I wrote about,
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ki me vežejo na dekleta, o katerih sem pisala,
11:35
ties that are not economic but personal in nature,
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vezi, ki niso ekonomske, pač pa osebne narave,
11:40
measured not in money but in memories.
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merjene ne v denarju, pač pa v spominih.
11:43
This purse is also a reminder that the things that you imagine,
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Ta denarnica je tudi opomin, da stvari,
o katerih razmišljate
o katerih razmišljate
11:47
sitting in your office or in the library,
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v svoji pisarni ali knjižnici,
11:50
are not how you find them when you actually go out
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niso take, kot jih v resnici izkusite,
11:53
into the world.
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ko stopite v svet.
11:54
Thank you. (Applause)
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Hvala. (Aplavz)
11:56
(Applause)
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(Aplavz)
12:03
Chris Anderson: Thank you, Leslie, that was an insight
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Chris Anderson: Hvala, Leslie, za pogled,
12:05
that a lot of us haven't had before.
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ki ga mnogi prej nismo poznali.
12:07
But I'm curious. If you had a minute, say,
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A nekaj me zanima. Če bi imela minuto
12:11
with Apple's head of manufacturing,
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z vodjo proizvodnje pri Applu,
12:15
what would you say?
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kaj bi mu dejala?
12:17
Leslie Chang: One minute?
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Leslie Chang: Eno minuto?
12:18
CA: One minute. (Laughter)
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CA: Eno. (Smeh)
12:20
LC: You know, what really impressed me about the workers
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LC: Veste, name je pustilo močan vtis,
12:22
is how much they're self-motivated, self-driven,
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kako so delavci samoiniciativni,
angažirani in iznajdljivi,
angažirani in iznajdljivi,
12:25
resourceful, and the thing that struck me,
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in prevzelo me je,
12:27
what they want most is education, to learn,
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da si najbolj želijo izobrazbe, učenja,
12:30
because most of them come from very poor backgrounds.
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saj jih veliko prihaja iz revnih okolij.
12:32
They usually left school when they were in 7th or 8th grade.
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Veliko jih je končalo s šolanjem
v sedmem ali osmem razredu.
v sedmem ali osmem razredu.
12:35
Their parents are often illiterate,
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Njihovi starši so pogosto nepismeni,
12:37
and then they come to the city, and they, on their own,
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oni pa pridejo v mesto in se ob večerih
12:40
at night, during the weekends, they'll take a computer class,
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in koncih tedna sami udeležujejo
računalniških tečajev,
računalniških tečajev,
12:42
they'll take an English class, and learn
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tečajev angleščine in osvajajo
12:44
really, really rudimentary things, you know,
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zelo zelo osnovne stvari,
12:46
like how to type a document in Word,
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kot kako napisati dokument v Wordu,
12:48
or how to say really simple things in English.
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ali kako povedati enostavne stvari v angleščini.
12:51
So, if you really want to help these workers,
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Če torej res želite pomagati tem delavcem,
12:53
start these small, very focused, very pragmatic classes
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začnite izvajati te skromne, a zelo načrtne, pragmatične tečaje,
12:56
in these schools, and what's going to happen is,
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ki bodo vašim delavcem omogočili,
12:59
all your workers are going to move on,
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da se premikajo naprej,
13:01
but hopefully they'll move on into higher jobs within Apple,
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po možnosti na boljše položaje pri Applu,
13:04
and you can help their social mobility
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kar prispeva k njihovi družbeni mobilnosti
13:07
and their self-improvement.
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in njihovemu lastnemu napredku.
13:08
When you talk to workers, that's what they want.
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Če vprašate delavce, je to, kar si želijo.
13:10
They do not say, "I want better hot water in the showers.
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Ne bodo rekli, "Hočem toplejšo vodo za tuširanje.
13:12
I want a nicer room. I want a TV set."
264
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Hočem lepšo sobo. Hočem tv sprejemnik."
13:14
I mean, it would be nice to have those things,
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Bilo bi sicer lepo, da bi imeli vse to,
13:16
but that's not why they're in the city,
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a to ni razlog, da so prišli v mesto,
13:17
and that's not what they care about.
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in te stvari jim ne pomenijo veliko.
13:19
CA: Was there a sense from them of a narrative that
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CA: Je bilo v njihovih pripovedih čutiti,
13:23
things were kind of tough and bad, or was there a narrative
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da je njihov položaj težak in obupen,
13:26
of some kind of level of growth, that things over time
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ali bolj, da gre za razvoj
13:29
were getting better?
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in da se razmere sčasoma izboljšujejo?
13:31
LC: Oh definitely, definitely. I mean, you know,
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LC: Prav gotovo, prav gotovo. Veste,
13:33
it was interesting, because I spent basically two years
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bilo je zanimivo, saj sem praktično dve leti
13:35
hanging out in this city, Dongguan,
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preživela med ljudmi v tem mestu, Dongguan,
13:37
and over that time, you could see immense change
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in v tem času je bilo videti izjemne spremembe
13:39
in every person's life: upward, downward, sideways,
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v življenju vseh - navzgor, navzdol, vstran,
13:42
but generally upward.
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a večinoma spremembe na bolje.
13:44
If you spend enough time, it's upward, and I met people
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Po določenem času gre na bolje
in spoznala sem ljudi,
in spoznala sem ljudi,
13:46
who had moved to the city 10 years ago, and who are now
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ki so se v mesto preselili pred desetletjem,
13:48
basically urban middle class people,
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zdaj pa so del mestnega srednjega sloja,
13:50
so the trajectory is definitely upward.
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krivulja gre torej zagotovo navzgor.
13:52
It's just hard to see when you're suddenly
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Težko je le, ko se kar naenkrat znajdeš v mestu.
13:54
sucked into the city. It looks like everyone's poor and
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Videti je, da so vsi revni in obupani,
13:56
desperate, but that's not really how it is.
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a v resnici ni tako.
13:58
Certainly, the factory conditions are really tough,
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Gotovo so delovne razmere v tovarnah zelo težke
14:00
and it's nothing you or I would want to do,
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in gotovo nihče od nas ne bi želel tam delati,
14:02
but from their perspective, where they're coming from
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a z njihovega stališča je okolje, od koder prihajajo,
14:05
is much worse, and where they're going
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veliko slabše in upajo, da so na pravi poti
14:07
is hopefully much better, and I just wanted to give
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k nečemu veliko boljšemu, zato sem želela predstaviti
14:09
that context of what's going on in their minds,
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okvir njihovih misli,
14:12
not what necessarily is going on in yours.
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ki se ne ujemajo nujno z vašimi.
14:14
CA: Thanks so much for your talk.
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CA: Najlepša hvala za vaše mnenje.
14:16
Thank you very much. (Applause)
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Hvala tudi vam. (Aplavz)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Leslie T. Chang - JournalistIn her reporting and writing, Leslie T. Chang explores the lives of workers in China, focusing on the experience of women.
Why you should listen
Leslie T. Chang's book Factory Girls: From Village to City in a Changing China traces the lives of Chunming and Min, two young women working in Dongguan, a factory city in South China. Leaving their home villages far behind in pursuit of work, Chunming and Min are part of an estimated 10 million young migrants (estimated to be 70 percent women) who work in China's booming factories. These migrants live in a "perpetual present," forging individual and nontraditional lives amid the breakneck pace of manufacturing.
As Chang gets to know these two women and others, she reveals the harsh realities of China's spectacular industrial growth, and also explores her family's own history of migration from mainland China.
Chang lived in China for a decade as a correspondent for The Wall Street Journal. She is now based in Egypt.
Leslie T. Chang | Speaker | TED.com