ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Onora O'Neill - Philosopher
Baroness Onora O'Neill is a philosopher who focuses on international justice and the roles of trust and accountability in public life.

Why you should listen

Philosopher Baroness Onora O'Neill thinks we are perverting trust. Considering how much stock we put into trust and assessing trusting attitudes, it's something we don't really understand, argues O'Neill. What we really need, she says, is not trust -- but trustworthiness. In addition to her study of how we (wrongly) approach trust and accountability in civic life, O'Neill also focuses on bioethics and international justice.

O'Neill's most recent book, co-written with Neil Manson is Rethinking Informed Consent in Bioethics, published in 2007. She was Principal of Newnham College, a college of the University of Cambridge, from 1992 to 2006, and President of the British Academy from 2005 to 2009. In early 2013 O'Neill was confirmed as the new Chair of England's Equality and Human Rights Commission. She is a crossbench member of the House of Lords.

More profile about the speaker
Onora O'Neill | Speaker | TED.com
TEDxHousesOfParliament

Onora O'Neill: What we don't understand about trust

Onora O'Neill: Kar smo spregledali v zvezi z zaupanjem

Filmed:
1,700,340 views

Zaupanje se zmanjšuje in potrebno ga je ponovno zgraditi. To je pogost predlog za izboljšanje sveta ... toda, kot pravi filozofinja Onora O´Neill, ne razumemo najbolje tega, kar predlagamo. S tem, ko obrne vprašanje, pokaže, da so naše tri najpogostejše ideje o zaupanju v resnici zavajajoče. (Snemano na TEDxHousesofParliament.)
- Philosopher
Baroness Onora O'Neill is a philosopher who focuses on international justice and the roles of trust and accountability in public life. Full bio

Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.

00:12
So I'm going to talk about trustzaupanje,
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Spregovorila bom o zaupanju,
00:14
and I'm going to startZačni by remindingspomniti se you
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in pričela bom tako, da vas spomnim
00:16
of the standardstandard viewspogledi that people have about trustzaupanje.
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na običajne poglede,
ki jih imamo ljudje o zaupanju.
00:20
I think these are so commonplacevsakdanja,
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Mislim, da so ti pogledi že tako vsakdanji,
00:22
they'veoni so becomepostane clichclichés of our societydružbo.
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da so postali klišeji.
00:25
And I think there are threetri.
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Mislim, da so trije.
00:27
One'sEno a claimzahtevek: there has been a great declineupad in trustzaupanje,
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Pri prvem gre za izjavo:
obstaja velik padec zaupanja,
00:31
very widelyširoko believedverjel.
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ki je zelo razširjena.
00:33
The seconddrugič is an aimmeriti: we should have more trustzaupanje.
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V drugem primeru gre za cilj:
morali bi imeti več zaupanja.
00:38
And the thirdtretjino is a tasknaloga: we should rebuildobnoviti trustzaupanje.
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In tretji je naloga:
zaupanje je potrebno zgraditi.
00:43
I think that the claimzahtevek, the aimmeriti and the tasknaloga
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Menim, da so tako izjava
kot cilj in tudi naloga
00:48
are all misconceivednapačna.
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napačno zastavljeni.
00:50
So what I'm going to try to tell you todaydanes
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Zato bi vam danes rada povedala
00:52
is a differentdrugačen storyzgodba about a claimzahtevek, an aimmeriti and a tasknaloga
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drugačno zgodbo o izjavi, cilju in nalogi,
00:56
whichki I think give one quitečisto a lot better purchasenakup on the matterzadevo.
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za katero menim, da ponuja boljšo rešitev.
01:01
First the claimzahtevek: Why do people think trustzaupanje has declinedzmanjšala?
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Najprej izjava: Zakaj ljudje
mislijo, da zaupanje pada?
01:06
And if I really think about it on the basisosnove of my ownlastno evidencedokazov,
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Če to bolje premislim na
podlagi mojih osebnih dokazov,
01:09
I don't know the answerodgovor.
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bi rekla, da ne poznam odgovora.
01:11
I'm inclinednagnjena to think it maylahko have declinedzmanjšala
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Sem pa nagnjena k mišljenju, da medtem
01:15
in some activitiesdejavnosti or some institutionsinstitucije
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ko je v nekaterih dejavnostih
ali institucijah upadlo,
01:18
and it mightmorda have growngoji in othersdrugi.
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je v drugih naraslo.
01:20
I don't have an overviewpregled.
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Nimam pregleda nad tem.
01:22
But, of courseseveda, I can look at the opinionmnenje pollsankete,
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Vendar pa lahko pogledam
ankete javnega mnenja,
01:27
and the opinionmnenje pollsankete are supposedlydomnevno
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in te so domnevno
01:29
the sourcevir of a beliefprepričanje that trustzaupanje has declinedzmanjšala.
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vir prepričanja o tem,
da je zaupanje upadlo.
01:33
When you actuallydejansko look at opinionmnenje pollsankete acrossčez time,
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Ko pogledaš te ankete skozi čas,
01:37
there's not much evidencedokazov for that.
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vidiš, da za to ni ravno veliko dokazov.
01:39
That's to say, the people who were mistrustedmistrusted
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Se pravi, da ljudjem,
ki jim nismo zaupali
01:41
20 yearslet agonazaj,
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20 let nazaj,
01:43
principallypredvsem journalistsnovinarji and politicianspolitiki, are still mistrustedmistrusted.
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v prvi vrsti novinarjem in
politikom, ne zaupamo niti danes.
01:47
And the people who were highlyvisoko trustedzaupal 20 yearslet agonazaj
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In ljudjem, ki smo jim zelo
zaupali 20 let nazaj,
01:51
are still ratherprecej highlyvisoko trustedzaupal: judgessodniki, nursesmedicinske sestre.
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še vedno precej zaupamo:
sodnikom, medicinskim sestram...
01:54
The restpočitek of us are in betweenmed,
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Vsi ostali pa smo nekje vmes
01:56
and by the way, the averagepovprečje personoseba in the streetulica
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in mimogrede, povprečna oseba na ulici
01:59
is almostskoraj exactlytočno midwayna sredini.
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spada skoraj točno v sredino.
02:01
But is that good evidencedokazov?
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Toda ali je to dober dokaz?
02:03
What opinionmnenje pollsankete recordzapis is, of courseseveda, opinionsmnenja.
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Javnomnenjske ankete so
namreč točno to, mnenja.
02:08
What elsedrugače can they recordzapis?
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Kaj drugega pa lahko pokažejo?
02:09
So they're looking at the genericgenerično attitudesodnosov
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Torej, opazujejo nek splošen odnos
02:13
that people reportporočilo when you askvprašajte them certainnekateri questionsvprašanja.
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ljudi, ko jim postaviš neko vprašanje.
02:16
Do you trustzaupanje politicianspolitiki? Do you trustzaupanje teachersučitelji?
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"Ali zaupate politikom?
Ali zaupate učiteljem?"
02:20
Now if somebodynekdo said to you, "Do you trustzaupanje greengrocersgreengrocers?
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Če pa bi vas vprašali: "Ali zaupate
trgovcem sadja in zelenjave?"
02:24
Do you trustzaupanje fishmongersfishmongers?
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"Ali zaupate ribarnicam?
02:26
Do you trustzaupanje elementaryosnovno schoolšola teachersučitelji?"
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Ali zaupate učiteljem v osnovni šoli?"
02:28
you would probablyverjetno beginzačeti by sayinggovoriti, "To do what?"
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bi najbrž hiteli z odgovorom:
"Da počnejo kaj?"
02:32
And that would be a perfectlypopolnoma sensibleObčutljiv responseodziv.
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In to bi bil tudi izjemno smiseln odgovor.
02:35
And you mightmorda say, when you understoodrazumel the answerodgovor to that,
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In če ste razumeli odgovor
na to, bi lahko rekli:
02:40
"Well, I trustzaupanje some of them, but not othersdrugi."
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"No, nekaterim zaupam, nekaterim pa ne."
02:44
That's a perfectlypopolnoma rationalracionalno thing.
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To je povsem racionalna stvar.
02:46
In shortkratek, in our realresnično livesživi,
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Skratka, v našem realnem življenju
02:49
we seekiščite to placemesto trustzaupanje in a differentiatedrazlikovati way.
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zaupamo na razpršen način.
02:52
We don't make an assumptionpredpostavka that the levelravni of trustzaupanje
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Ne domnevamo, da bo stopnja zaupanja,
02:56
that we will have in everyvsak instanceprimer of a certainnekateri typetip
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ki jo lahko sicer v celoti uživa nek določen
02:59
of officialuradni or office-holdernosilec funkcije or typetip of personoseba
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uradnik ali vodja pisarne in podobni,
03:03
is going to be uniformuniforme.
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nekaj, kar bo enotno za vse.
03:05
I mightmorda, for exampleprimer, say that I certainlyzagotovo trustzaupanje
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Lahko na primer rečem, da zaupam
03:09
a certainnekateri elementaryosnovno schoolšola teacheručitelj I know
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meni znani učiteljici v osnovni šoli,
03:11
to teachučiti the receptionsprejem classrazred to readpreberite,
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da uči brati prvošolce,
03:14
but in no way to drivepogon the schoolšola minibusMinibus.
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vendar pa ji ne bom zaupala,
da vozi šolski avtobus.
03:18
I mightmorda, after all, know that she wasn'tni bilo a good drivervoznik.
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Navsezadnje bi lahko tudi vedela,
da ni dobra voznica.
03:21
I mightmorda trustzaupanje my mostnajbolj loquaciousBrbljiv friendprijatelj
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Morda bom svojemu najbolj
zgovornem prijatelju zaupala,
03:24
to keep a conversationpogovor going
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da skrbi za razpravo,
03:26
but not -- but perhapsmorda not to keep a secretskrivnost.
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najbrž pa ne tudi tega,
da lahko drži skrivnost zase.
03:36
SimplePreprosto.
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Preprosto.
03:37
So if we'vesmo got those evidencedokazov in our ordinaryvsakdanji livesživi
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Torej, če imamo v konkretnem
življenju dokaze,
03:42
of the way that trustzaupanje is differentiatedrazlikovati,
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da je zaupanje nekaj razpršenega,
03:44
why do we sortRazvrsti of droppadec all that intelligenceinteligenca
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čemu potem zavržemo to vedenje,
03:47
when we think about trustzaupanje more abstractlyabstraktno?
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ko o zaupanju razmišljamo abstraktno?
03:51
I think the pollsankete are very badslab guidesvodniki
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Menim, da so ankete slab pokazatelj
03:54
to the levelravni of trustzaupanje that actuallydejansko existsobstaja,
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stopnje zaupanja, ki obstaja v resnici,
03:57
because they try to obliterateizbrisati the good judgmentobsodba
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to pa zato, ker zabrišejo zdravo presojo,
04:00
that goesgre into placingdajanje trustzaupanje.
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ki jo uporabljamo pri oblikovanju zaupanja.
04:04
SecondlyDrugič, what about the aimmeriti?
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Drugič, kaj pa glede cilja?
04:06
The aimmeriti is to have more trustzaupanje.
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Cilj je imeti več zaupanja.
04:09
Well franklyodkrito, I think that's a stupidneumno aimmeriti.
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Resnici na ljubo, mislim,
da je to neumen cilj.
04:12
It's not what I would aimmeriti at.
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To ni nekaj, k čemur bi sama težila.
04:14
I would aimmeriti to have more trustzaupanje in the trustworthyzaupanja
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Jaz bi težila k temu, da bolj
zaupam tistim, ki so tega vredni,
04:17
but not in the untrustworthynezanesljivih.
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ne pa tistim, ki tega niso.
04:20
In factdejstvo, I aimmeriti positivelypozitivno to try not to trustzaupanje the untrustworthynezanesljivih.
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Pravzaprav sem bolj gotova v to, da ne
zaupam tistim, ki niso zaupanja vredni.
04:27
And I think, of those people who, for exampleprimer,
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In menim, da tisti, ki so npr.
04:30
placedpostavljen theirnjihovi savingsprihranki with the very aptlyaptly namedimenovan MrG.. MadoffMadoff,
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zaupali svoje prihranke g. Madoffu
(finančni goljuf, op.p.),
04:35
who then madeizdelane off with them,
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le-ta pa jih je odnesel s seboj,
04:38
and I think of them, and I think, well, yes,
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in ko pomislim nanje, pomislim, da
04:40
too much trustzaupanje.
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je šlo za preveč zaupanja.
04:42
More trustzaupanje is not an intelligentinteligenten aimmeriti in this life.
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Več zaupanja ni pameten cilj v tem življenju.
04:46
IntelligentlyPametno placedpostavljen and intelligentlyinteligentno refusedzavrnil trustzaupanje
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Pametno dajanje in pametno
zavračanje zaupanja
04:50
is the properpravilno aimmeriti.
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pa je ustrezen cilj.
04:52
Well onceenkrat one sayspravi that, one sayspravi, yeah, okay,
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Nekoč je nekdo rekel, prav,
04:56
that meanssredstva that what matterszadeve in the first placemesto
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torej v prvi vrsti ni pomembno
04:59
is not trustzaupanje but trustworthinesszanesljivost.
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zaupanje, temveč vrednost zaupanja.
05:02
It's judgingpresojanje how trustworthyzaupanja people are
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Gre za presojo, kako
zaupanja vredni so ljudje
05:05
in particularzlasti respectsspoštuje.
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v konkretnem pogledu.
05:07
And I think that judgmentobsodba requireszahteva us to look at threetri things.
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In ta presoja od nas zahteva,
da pogledamo na tri stvari.
05:10
Are they competentpristojni? Are they honestpošten? Are they reliablezanesljiv?
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Ali so ti ljudje kompetentni?
Ali so iskreni? Ali so zanesljivi?
05:15
And if we find that a personoseba is competentpristojni
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In če ugotovimo, da je oseba kompetentna
05:18
in the relevantpomembno matterszadeve,
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v določenih zadevah,
05:19
and reliablezanesljiv and honestpošten,
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da je zanesljiva in iskrena,
05:21
we'llbomo have a prettylepa good reasonrazlog to trustzaupanje them,
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potem imamo dober razlog, da ji zaupamo.
05:23
because they'lloni bodo be trustworthyzaupanja.
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Ker bodo zaupanja vredni.
05:26
But if, on the other handroka, they're unreliablenezanesljiv, we mightmorda not.
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Če pa so po drugi strani nezanesljivi,
potem jim ne bomo zaupali.
05:29
I have friendsprijatelji who are competentpristojni and honestpošten,
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Imam prijatelje, ki so
kompetentni in iskreni,
05:32
but I would not trustzaupanje them to postpost a letterpismo,
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ampak jim ne bom zaupala,
da mi odpošljejo pošiljko,
05:33
because they're forgetfulpozabljivi.
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ker so pozabljivi.
05:36
I have friendsprijatelji who are very confidentsamozavesten
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Imam prijatelje, ki so zelo samozavestni,
05:39
they can do certainnekateri things,
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lahko naredijo nekatere stvari,
05:41
but I realizeuresničiti that they overestimateprecenjujejo theirnjihovi ownlastno competencepristojnosti.
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toda spoznala sem, da so
precenili svoje kompetence.
05:45
And I'm very gladveseli to say, I don't think I have manyveliko friendsprijatelji
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Z veseljem lahko rečem, da mislim,
da nimam veliko prijateljev,
05:48
who are competentpristojni and reliablezanesljiv but extremelyizredno dishonestnepošten.
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ki so kompetentni in zanesljivi,
a skrajno neiskreni.
05:51
(LaughterSmeh)
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(Smeh)
05:52
If so, I haven'tne yetše spottedopazila it.
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Če pa so, tega nisem opazila.
05:56
But that's what we're looking for:
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In vendar je to tisto, kar iščemo:
05:58
trustworthinesszanesljivost before trustzaupanje.
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vrednost zaupanja pred zaupanjem.
06:00
TrustZaupanje is the responseodziv.
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Zaupanje je le odziv.
06:02
TrustworthinessZanesljivost is what we have to judgesodnik.
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Vrednost zaupanja je tisto,
kar je potrebno presojati.
06:04
And, of courseseveda, it's difficulttežko.
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Seveda je to težko.
06:06
AcrossČez the last fewmalo decadesdesetletja, we'vesmo triedposkušal to constructkonstrukt
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Zadnjih nekaj desetletij
smo si prizadevali zgraditi
06:09
systemssistemov of accountabilityodgovornost for all sortsvrste of institutionsinstitucije
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sisteme odgovornosti za
različne vrste institucij,
06:13
and professionalsstrokovnjaki and officialsuradniki and so on
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strokovnjakov, uradnikov ipd.,
06:15
that will make it easierlažje for us to judgesodnik theirnjihovi trustworthinesszanesljivost.
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pri katerih bi lahko lažje
presojali, koliko so zaupanja vredni.
06:19
A lot of these systemssistemov have the converseConverse effectučinek.
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Velik del teh sistemov
deluje z obratnim učinkom.
06:23
They don't work as they're supposeddomnevno to.
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Ne delujejo tako, kot se od njih pričakuje.
06:24
I rememberZapomni si I was talkinggovoriti with a midwifebabice who said,
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Spomnim se, ko sem govorila
z babico, ki je rekla:
06:29
"Well, you see, the problemproblem is it takes longerdlje
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"Veste, problem je, ker nam več časa vzame
06:31
to do the paperworkdokumentacija than to deliverdostavi the babyotroka."
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delo s papirji, kot pa porod otroka."
06:35
And all over our publicjavnost life, our institutionalinstitucionalno life,
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V celotnem javnem življenju,
našem institucionalnem življenju,
06:38
we find that problemproblem,
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vidimo ta problem,
06:40
that the systemsistem of accountabilityodgovornost
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da ta sistem odgovornosti,
06:43
that is meantpomeni to securevarno trustworthinesszanesljivost
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ki naj bi skrbel za vrednost zaupanja
06:45
and evidencedokazov of trustworthinesszanesljivost
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in dokaze o vrednosti zaupanja,
06:48
is actuallydejansko doing the oppositenasprotno.
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dela ravno obratno.
06:50
It is distractingmoteča people who have to do difficulttežko tasksnaloge,
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Gre za oviranje ljudi, ki naj
bi izvajali težke naloge,
06:54
like midwivesbabic, from doing them
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kot npr. babice, da se namesto svojega dela
06:57
by requiringki zahtevajo them to tickkljukico the boxesškatle, as we say.
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od njih zahteva, da delajo
kljukice, kot pravimo.
07:00
You can all give your ownlastno examplesprimeri there.
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Vsak od vas lahko ponudi kakšen tak primer.
07:02
So so much for the aimmeriti.
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Toliko o cilju.
07:04
The aimmeriti, I think, is more trustworthinesszanesljivost,
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Cilj, tako mislim, je vrednost zaupanja
07:07
and that is going to be differentdrugačen
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in to se bo spremenilo le,
07:09
if we are tryingposkušam to be trustworthyzaupanja
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če bomo poskusili sami biti zaupanja vredni
07:11
and communicatekomunicirajo our trustworthinesszanesljivost to other people,
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in to prenašali tudi na druge.
07:14
and if we are tryingposkušam to judgesodnik whetherali other people
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In če bomo presojali ali so ljudje,
07:17
or office-holdersuslužbencev or politicianspolitiki are trustworthyzaupanja.
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najsi bodo vodje pisarn
ali politiki, vredni zaupanja.
07:20
It's not easyenostavno. It is judgmentobsodba, and simplepreprosto reactionreakcija,
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To ni enostavno. Gre vendarle
za presojo in preprosta reakcija
07:25
attitudesodnosov, don't do adequatelyustrezno here.
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ali nagnjenje ni nujno ustrezno.
07:30
Now thirdlytretjič, the tasknaloga.
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In tretjič, naloga.
07:33
CallingKliče the tasknaloga rebuildingobnova trustzaupanje, I think,
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Reči le, da je naloga
ponovno zgraditi zaupanje,
07:37
alsotudi getsdobi things backwardsnazaj.
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nas ne bo pripeljalo prav daleč.
07:38
It suggestspredlaga that you and I should rebuildobnoviti trustzaupanje.
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Kajti to bi pomenilo, da bi jaz in vi
morali ponovno zgraditi zaupanje.
07:43
Well, we can do that for ourselvessami.
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No, lahko bi to naredili zase.
07:46
We can rebuildobnoviti a bitbit of trustworthinesszanesljivost.
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Nekaj zaupanja vrednosti
lahko ponovno zgradimo.
07:48
We can do it two people togetherskupaj tryingposkušam to improveizboljšati trustzaupanje.
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Lahko to naredimo v dvoje, da izboljšamo zaupanje.
07:52
But trustzaupanje, in the endkonec, is distinctiverazlikovalni
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Toda zaupanje je nenazadnje drugačno,
07:55
because it's givendan by other people.
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saj je nekaj, kar dobiš od drugih.
07:58
You can't rebuildobnoviti what other people give you.
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Ne moreš kar zgraditi nečesa,
kar ti lahko dajo drugi.
08:01
You have to give them the basisosnove
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Morate jim dati osnovo
08:04
for givingdajanje you theirnjihovi trustzaupanje.
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za to, da vam pričnejo zaupati.
08:07
So you have to, I think, be trustworthyzaupanja.
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Torej biti morate vredni zaupanja.
08:10
And that, of courseseveda, is because you can't foolbedak
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To pa zato, ker ne morete slepiti
08:12
all of the people all of the time, usuallyobičajno.
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vseh ljudi ves čas - vsaj običajno ne.
08:16
But you alsotudi have to providezagotoviti usableuporabni evidencedokazov
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Toda pri tem morate zagotoviti
tudi uporabne dokaze,
08:21
that you are trustworthyzaupanja.
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da ste vredni zaupanja.
08:22
How to do it?
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Kako to narediti?
08:24
Well everyvsak day, all over the placemesto, it's beingbiti doneKončano
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Vsak dan in vsepovsod to že počno
08:27
by ordinaryvsakdanji people, by officialsuradniki, by institutionsinstitucije,
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običajni ljudje, uradniki, ustanove,
08:30
quitečisto effectivelyučinkovito.
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in to kar učinkovito.
08:32
Let me give you a simplepreprosto commercialkomercialni exampleprimer.
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Naj vam dam preprost trgovski primer.
08:35
The shoptrgovina where I buykupiti my socksnogavice sayspravi I maylahko take them back,
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Trgovina, kjer kupujem nogavice,
pravi, da jih lahko vrnem
08:39
and they don't askvprašajte any questionsvprašanja.
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brez vsakih vprašanj.
08:41
They take them back and give me the moneydenar
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Vzamejo jih in mi povrnejo denar
08:43
or give me the pairpar of socksnogavice of the colorbarva I wanted.
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ali pa mi ponudijo par
nogavic v barvi, ki jo želim.
08:46
That's supersuper. I trustzaupanje them
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To je super. Jaz jim zaupam,
08:48
because they have madeizdelane themselvessami vulnerableranljivi to me.
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ker so se mi pokazali, da so lahko ranljivi.
08:51
I think there's a bigvelik lessonlekcijo in that.
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Menim, da je v tem velik nauk.
08:53
If you make yourselfsami vulnerableranljivi to the other partyzabava,
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Če ste pripravljeni vašo
ranljivost pokazati drugemu,
08:56
then that is very good evidencedokazov that you are trustworthyzaupanja
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je to kar tehten dokaz,
da ste vredni zaupanja.
09:00
and you have confidencezaupanje in what you are sayinggovoriti.
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In tudi vi verjamete temu, kar govorite.
09:03
So in the endkonec, I think what we are aimings ciljem for
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Torej na koncu mislim,
da to, proti čemur stremimo,
09:06
is not very difficulttežko to discernzaznati.
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ni prav težko dojeti.
09:09
It is relationshipsodnose in whichki people are trustworthyzaupanja
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To je odnos, v katerem so
ljudje zaupanja vredni
09:13
and can judgesodnik when and how the other personoseba
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in lahko sami presodijo,
kdaj in kako je druga oseba
09:17
is trustworthyzaupanja.
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vredna zaupanja.
09:18
So the moralmoralno of all this is,
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In nauk vsega tega je,
09:22
we need to think much lessmanj about trustzaupanje,
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da moramo manj razmišljati o zaupanju,
09:25
let alonesam about attitudesodnosov of trustzaupanje
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pri miru je potrebno pustiti
odnos do zaupanja,
09:29
detectedodkriti or mis-detectedmis-odkriti by opinionmnenje pollsankete,
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ki ga zaznavamo iz javnomnenjskih anket,
09:33
much more about beingbiti trustworthyzaupanja,
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več pa o tem, kako biti zaupanja vreden,
09:35
and how you give people adequateprimerno, usefulkoristno
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in tem, kako ljudem dajete ustrezne, uporabne
09:39
and simplepreprosto evidencedokazov that you're trustworthyzaupanja.
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in preproste dokaze, da ste zaupanja vredni.
09:42
Thankshvala.
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Hvala.
09:43
(ApplauseAplavz)
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(Aplavz)
Translated by Edin Durakovich
Reviewed by Nika Kotnik

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ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Onora O'Neill - Philosopher
Baroness Onora O'Neill is a philosopher who focuses on international justice and the roles of trust and accountability in public life.

Why you should listen

Philosopher Baroness Onora O'Neill thinks we are perverting trust. Considering how much stock we put into trust and assessing trusting attitudes, it's something we don't really understand, argues O'Neill. What we really need, she says, is not trust -- but trustworthiness. In addition to her study of how we (wrongly) approach trust and accountability in civic life, O'Neill also focuses on bioethics and international justice.

O'Neill's most recent book, co-written with Neil Manson is Rethinking Informed Consent in Bioethics, published in 2007. She was Principal of Newnham College, a college of the University of Cambridge, from 1992 to 2006, and President of the British Academy from 2005 to 2009. In early 2013 O'Neill was confirmed as the new Chair of England's Equality and Human Rights Commission. She is a crossbench member of the House of Lords.

More profile about the speaker
Onora O'Neill | Speaker | TED.com