TED2016
Trevor Timm: How free is our freedom of the press?
Trevor Timm: Kako svobodna je naša svoboda tiska?
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V ZDA ima tisk pravico do objave skrivnih informacij, ki jih mora javnost izvedeti, kar ščiti Prvi amandma. Zaradi vladnega nadzora je za žvižgače, ki so vir praktično vseh pomembnih zgodb o nacionalni varnosti od 11. septembra, vse težje deliti te informacije. V tem kratkem in jedrnatem govoru soustanovitelj Fundacije za svobodo tiska (Freedom of the Press Foundation) in TED Fellow, Trevor Timm, opiše nedavno zgodovino vladnih ukrepov proti posameznikom, ki razkrijejo kriminal in nepravičnost, in zagovarja tehnologije, ki jim lahko pomagajo to narediti varno in anonimno.
Trevor Timm - Writer, activist and legal analyst
Trevor Timm is the co-founder and executive director of Freedom of the Press Foundation, a non-profit organization that supports and defends journalism dedicated to transparency and accountability. Full bio
Trevor Timm is the co-founder and executive director of Freedom of the Press Foundation, a non-profit organization that supports and defends journalism dedicated to transparency and accountability. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:12
So this is James Risen.
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To je James Risen.
00:15
You may know him as the
Pulitzer Prize-winning reporter
Pulitzer Prize-winning reporter
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Morda ga poznate kot s Pulitzerjem
nagrajenega poročevalca za New York Times.
nagrajenega poročevalca za New York Times.
00:17
for The New York Times.
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00:19
Long before anybody knew
Edward Snowden's name,
Edward Snowden's name,
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Preden je kdorkoli poznal Edward Snowdena,
00:22
Risen wrote a book in which
he famously exposed
he famously exposed
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je Risen napisal knjigo,
v kateri je izpostavil,
v kateri je izpostavil,
00:25
that the NSA was illegally wiretapping
the phone calls of Americans.
the phone calls of Americans.
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da NSA nelegalno prisluškuje
telefonskim klicem Američanov.
telefonskim klicem Američanov.
A v tej knjigi je neko drugo poglavje,
00:29
But it's another chapter in that book
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00:31
that may have an even more lasting impact.
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ki ima morda bolj trajen vpliv.
00:34
In it, he describes a catastrophic
US intelligence operation
US intelligence operation
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V njej opiše katastrofalno operacijo
obveščevalne službe ZDA,
obveščevalne službe ZDA,
00:39
in which the CIA quite literally
handed over blueprints
handed over blueprints
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v kateri je CIA dobesedno predala načrte
00:42
of a nuclear bomb to Iran.
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za atomsko bombo Iranu.
Če vam zveni noro, si pojdite prebrat.
00:44
If that sounds crazy, go read it.
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00:46
It's an incredible story.
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Neverjetna zgodba je.
00:48
But you know who didn't like that chapter?
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A veste, komu to poglavje ni bilo všeč?
00:50
The US government.
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Vladi ZDA.
00:52
For nearly a decade afterwards,
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Skoraj desetletje po tem
00:54
Risen was the subject
of a US government investigation
of a US government investigation
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je bil Risen predmet vladne preiskave ZDA,
00:58
in which prosecutors demanded
that he testify
that he testify
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v kateri so tožilci zahtevali, da priča
01:00
against one of his alleged sources.
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proti enemu izmed svojih
domnevnih virov.
domnevnih virov.
01:02
And along the way, he became the face
for the US government's recent pattern
for the US government's recent pattern
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In sčasoma je postal primer tega,
kako vlada ZDA danes
kako vlada ZDA danes
01:06
of prosecuting whistleblowers
and spying on journalists.
and spying on journalists.
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kazensko preganja žvižgače
in vohuni za novinarji.
in vohuni za novinarji.
01:10
You see, under the First Amendment,
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Veste, pod Prvim amandmajem
imajo mediji pravico do objave skrivnih
informacij, ki so v interesu javnosti.
informacij, ki so v interesu javnosti.
01:12
the press has the right to publish
secret information in the public interest.
secret information in the public interest.
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01:16
But it's impossible to exercise that right
if the media can't also gather that news
if the media can't also gather that news
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A nemogoče je to pravico uporabljati,
če mediji ne morejo zbirati teh novic
če mediji ne morejo zbirati teh novic
01:21
and protect the identities
of the brave men and women
of the brave men and women
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in zaščititi identitet
teh pogumnih moških in žensk,
teh pogumnih moških in žensk,
01:24
who get it to them.
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ki jim jih prinesejo.
01:26
So when the government came knocking,
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Ko je vlada prišla na njegova vrata,
je Risen naredil, kar so naredili
mnogi pogumni novinarji pred njim:
mnogi pogumni novinarji pred njim:
01:28
Risen did what many brave reporters
have done before him:
have done before him:
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01:31
he refused
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zavrnil jih je
01:32
and said he'd rather go to jail.
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in rekel, da gre raje v zapor.
01:34
So from 2007 to 2015,
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Od leta 2007 do 2015
01:37
Risen lived under the specter
of going to federal prison.
of going to federal prison.
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je Risen živel pod grožnjo,
da gre v zvezni zapor.
da gre v zvezni zapor.
01:40
That is, until just days before the trial,
when a curious thing happened.
when a curious thing happened.
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Dokler se ni nekaj dni pred sojenjem
zgodila zanimiva stvar.
zgodila zanimiva stvar.
01:45
Suddenly, after years of claiming
it was vital to their case,
it was vital to their case,
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Nenadoma, po letih trditev,
da je nujno za ta primer,
da je nujno za ta primer,
01:49
the government dropped their demands
to Risen altogether.
to Risen altogether.
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je vlada prenehala s svojimi zahtevami.
01:52
It turns out, in the age
of electronic surveillance,
of electronic surveillance,
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Kot se izkaže, je v dobi
elektronskega nadzora
elektronskega nadzora
01:55
there are very few places
reporters and sources can hide.
reporters and sources can hide.
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zelo malo krajev, kjer se
novinarji in viri lahko skrijejo.
novinarji in viri lahko skrijejo.
In namesto, da bi poskušali prisiliti
Risena, da priča, in pri tem spodleteli,
Risena, da priča, in pri tem spodleteli,
01:58
And instead of trying and failing
to have Risen testify,
to have Risen testify,
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02:02
they could have his digital trail
testify against him instead.
testify against him instead.
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je lahko namesto njega pričala
njegova digitalna sled.
njegova digitalna sled.
Tako so popolnoma na skrivaj
in brez njegovega soglasja
in brez njegovega soglasja
02:06
So completely in secret
and without his consent,
and without his consent,
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02:09
prosecutors got Risen's phone records.
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tožilci dobili zapiske
telefonskih pogovorov.
telefonskih pogovorov.
02:11
They got his email records,
his financial and banking information,
his financial and banking information,
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Dobili so njegovo elektronsko pošto,
finančne in bančne izpiske,
finančne in bančne izpiske,
02:16
his credit reports,
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podatke o kreditih,
02:18
even travel records with a list
of flights he had taken.
of flights he had taken.
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celo podatke o potovanjih
s seznamom njegovih letov.
s seznamom njegovih letov.
02:21
And it was among this information that
they used to convict Jeffrey Sterling,
they used to convict Jeffrey Sterling,
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In med temi informacijami, ki so jih
uporabili za obsodbo Jeffrey Sterlinga,
uporabili za obsodbo Jeffrey Sterlinga,
02:25
Risen's alleged source
and CIA whistleblower.
and CIA whistleblower.
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je bil Risenov
domnevni vir in CIA žvižgač.
domnevni vir in CIA žvižgač.
02:30
Sadly, this is only one case of many.
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Na žalost je to samo en
primer izmed mnogih.
primer izmed mnogih.
02:33
President Obama ran on a promise
to protect whistleblowers,
to protect whistleblowers,
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Predsednik Obama je prelomil
obljubo, da bo zaščitil žvižgače,
obljubo, da bo zaščitil žvižgače,
02:36
and instead, his Justice Department
has prosecuted more
has prosecuted more
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in namesto tega jih je njegovo
Ministrstvo za pravosodje obsodilo več
Ministrstvo za pravosodje obsodilo več
02:40
than all other administrations combined.
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kot vse ostale administracije skupaj.
02:43
Now, you can see how this
could be a problem,
could be a problem,
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Lahko vidite, zakaj je to problem,
02:45
especially because the government
considers so much of what it does secret.
considers so much of what it does secret.
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še posebej, ker ima vlada
toliko svojega delovanja za skrivno.
toliko svojega delovanja za skrivno.
02:50
Since 9/11, virtually every important
story about national security
story about national security
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Od 11. septembra je praktično vsaka
pomembna zgodba o nacionalni varnosti
pomembna zgodba o nacionalni varnosti
02:55
has been the result of a whistleblower
coming to a journalist.
coming to a journalist.
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bila rezultat tega,
da je žvižgač prišel do novinarja.
da je žvižgač prišel do novinarja.
Zato tvegamo, da novinarji
ne bodo mogli opravljati svojega dela,
ne bodo mogli opravljati svojega dela,
02:58
So we risk seeing the press
unable to do their job
unable to do their job
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03:01
that the First Amendment
is supposed to protect
is supposed to protect
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ki naj bi ga branil prvi amandma,
03:03
because of the government's
expanded ability to spy on everyone.
expanded ability to spy on everyone.
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zaradi povečane zmožnosti
vlade, da vohuni za vsemi.
vlade, da vohuni za vsemi.
03:07
But just as technology has allowed
the government
the government
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A kot je tehnologija omogočila vladi,
03:09
to circumvent reporters' rights,
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da zaobide pravice novinarjev,
03:12
the press can also use technology
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lahko novinarji uporabijo tehnologijo,
03:14
to protect their sources
even better than before.
even better than before.
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da še bolj kot prej zaščitijo svoje vire.
03:17
And they can start from the moment
they begin speaking with them,
they begin speaking with them,
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Lahko začnejo že v trenutku,
ko se pogovor začne,
ko se pogovor začne,
03:20
rather than on the witness stand
after the fact.
after the fact.
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ne pa šele kasneje na prostoru za priče.
03:24
Communications software now exists
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Sedaj obstajajo programi za komunikacijo,
03:26
that wasn't available
when Risen was writing his book,
when Risen was writing his book,
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ki niso bili na voljo,
ko je Risen pisal svojo knjigo,
ko je Risen pisal svojo knjigo,
03:28
and is much more surveillance-resistant
than regular emails or phone calls.
than regular emails or phone calls.
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in je veliko bolj odporna proti
nadzorovanju kot e-pošta ali klici.
nadzorovanju kot e-pošta ali klici.
03:33
For example, one such tool is SecureDrop,
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Naprimer, eno izmed
teh orodij je SecureDrop,
teh orodij je SecureDrop,
03:38
an open-source whistleblower
submission system
submission system
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odprtokodni sistem za žvižgače,
03:40
that was originally created by the late
Internet luminary Aaron Swartz,
Internet luminary Aaron Swartz,
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ki ga je prvotno ustvaril pokojni
internetni velikan Aaron Swartz,
internetni velikan Aaron Swartz,
in ga sedaj razvijamo v neprofitni
organizaciji, kjer delam,
organizaciji, kjer delam,
03:44
and is now developed
at the non-profit where I work,
at the non-profit where I work,
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03:47
Freedom of the Press Foundation.
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Fundaciji za svobodo tiska.
03:49
Instead of sending an email,
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Namesto, da bi poslal e-pošto,
03:51
you go to a news organization's website,
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greš na spletno stran časopisa,
03:53
like this one here on The Washington Post.
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kot je ta stran Washington Posta.
03:56
From there, you can upload a document
or send information
or send information
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Od tu lahko naložiš dokument
ali pošlješ informacije,
ali pošlješ informacije,
03:59
much like you would
on any other contact form.
on any other contact form.
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kot bi jih v kateremkoli
kontaktnem obrazcu.
kontaktnem obrazcu.
04:02
It'll then be encrypted
and stored on a server
and stored on a server
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Potem bo šifrirano in
spravljeno na strežnik,
spravljeno na strežnik,
04:05
that only the news organization
has access to.
has access to.
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do katerega ima dostop samo ta časopis.
04:08
So the government can no longer
secretly demand the information,
secretly demand the information,
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Tako vlada več ne more skrivoma
zahtevati informacij
zahtevati informacij
04:11
and much of the information
they would demand
they would demand
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in veliko informacij, ki bi jih zahtevali,
04:13
wouldn't be available in the first place.
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sploh ne bi bilo na voljo.
04:16
SecureDrop, though, is really
only a small part of the puzzle
only a small part of the puzzle
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SecureDrop pa je samo
majhen delček mozaika
majhen delček mozaika
04:19
for protecting press freedom
in the 21st century.
in the 21st century.
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za varovanje svobode tiska v 21. stoletju.
04:23
Unfortunately, governments
all over the world
all over the world
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Na žalost vlade po vsem svetu
04:25
are constantly developing
new spying techniques
new spying techniques
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neprestano razvijajo
nove metode vohunjenja,
nove metode vohunjenja,
04:27
that put us all at risk.
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ki spravljajo vse v nevarnost.
04:30
And it's up to us going forward
to make sure
to make sure
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In na nas je, da zagotovimo,
04:32
that it's not just
the tech-savvy whistleblowers,
the tech-savvy whistleblowers,
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da niso samo tehnološko spretni žvižgači,
04:35
like Edward Snowden, who have
an avenue for exposing wrongdoing.
an avenue for exposing wrongdoing.
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kot je Edward Snowden, tisti,
ki imajo možnost razkriti zločine.
ki imajo možnost razkriti zločine.
04:39
It's just as vital that we protect the
next veteran's health care whistleblower
next veteran's health care whistleblower
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Prav tako pomembno je, da zaščitimo
žvižgača o oskrbi veteranov,
žvižgača o oskrbi veteranov,
04:44
alerting us to overcrowded hospitals,
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ki opozarja na prepolne bolnišnice,
04:47
or the next environmental worker
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ali naslednjega okoljskega delavca,
04:49
sounding the alarm
about Flint's dirty water,
about Flint's dirty water,
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ki opozori na umazano vodo v Flintu,
04:53
or a Wall Street insider
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ali insajderja z Wall Streeta,
04:54
warning us of the next financial crisis.
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ki nas opozarja
na naslednjo finančno krizo.
na naslednjo finančno krizo.
04:57
After all, these tools weren't just built
to help the brave men and women
to help the brave men and women
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Ker ta orodja niso bila zgrajena samo
zato, da pomagajo pogumnim ljudem,
zato, da pomagajo pogumnim ljudem,
05:02
who expose crimes,
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ki odkrivajo zločine,
05:03
but are meant to protect
all of our rights under the Constitution.
all of our rights under the Constitution.
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ampak so tu, da zaščitijo
pravice vseh nas pod Ustavo.
pravice vseh nas pod Ustavo.
05:07
Thank you.
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Hvala
05:08
(Applause)
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(Aplavz)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Trevor Timm - Writer, activist and legal analystTrevor Timm is the co-founder and executive director of Freedom of the Press Foundation, a non-profit organization that supports and defends journalism dedicated to transparency and accountability.
Why you should listen
Trevor Timm is a co-founder and the executive director of the Freedom of the Press Foundation. He is a journalist, activist, and lawyer who writes a twice weekly column for The Guardian on privacy, free speech, and national security. He has contributed to The Atlantic, Al Jazeera, Foreign Policy, Harvard Law and Policy Review, PBS MediaShift and Politico.
Trevor formerly worked as an activist at the Electronic Frontier Foundation. Before that, he helped the longtime General Counsel of The New York Times, James Goodale, write a book on the Pentagon Papers and the First Amendment. He received his J.D. from New York Law School.
Trevor Timm | Speaker | TED.com