TED2016
ShaoLan: The Chinese zodiac, explained
ShaoLan Hsueh: Kitajski horoskop, obrazložen
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Četrtini svetovne populacije je zelo mar za kitajski horoskop. Tudi če v to ne verjameš, bi bilo pametno, da veš, kako deluje, pravi tehnologinja in podjetnica ShaoLan Hseuh. V tem zabavnem in informativnem govoru, ShaoLan deli nekaj namigov za razumevanje antične tradicije. Opiše, kako ljudje verjamejo, da horoskop vpliva na tvojo osebnost, kariero, možnosti za poroko ter kako ti bo v določenem letu uspelo. Kaj tvoje znamenje pove o tebi?
ShaoLan Hsueh - Technologist, entrepreneur
ShaoLan want to help people understand China's culture and language, and to bridge the gap between East and West. Full bio
ShaoLan want to help people understand China's culture and language, and to bridge the gap between East and West. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:12
Have you ever been asked
by your Chinese friend,
by your Chinese friend,
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Vas je vaš kitajski prijatelj
kdaj vprašal:
kdaj vprašal:
00:15
"What is your zodiac sign?"
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"Katero je tvoje astrološko znamenje?"
00:17
Don't think they are making small talk.
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Ne mislite, da samo malo klepetajo.
00:20
If you say, "I'm a Monkey,"
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Če rečeš: "Sem opica,"
00:22
they immediately know
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bodo takoj vedeli,
00:23
you are either 24, 36, 48 or 60 years old.
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da si star 24, 36, 48 ali 60 let.
00:27
(Laughter)
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(Smeh)
00:28
Asking a zodiac sign is a polite way
of asking your age.
of asking your age.
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Vprašanje o astrološkem znamenju
je vljudno vprašanje o tvoji starosti.
je vljudno vprašanje o tvoji starosti.
00:32
By revealing your zodiac sign,
you are also being evaluated.
you are also being evaluated.
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Razkritje tvojega astrološkega znamenja,
pomeni tudi, da boš ovrednoten.
pomeni tudi, da boš ovrednoten.
00:36
Judgments are being made
about your fortune or misfortune,
about your fortune or misfortune,
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Sodili bodo o tvoji sreči in nesreči,
00:40
your personality, career prospects
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o tvoji osebnosti, kariernih možnostih
00:42
and how you will do in a given year.
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ter kakšno bo zate določeno leto.
00:45
If you share you and your
partner's animal signs,
partner's animal signs,
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Če jim poveš svoje
in partnerjevo znamenje,
in partnerjevo znamenje,
00:48
they will paint a picture in their mind
about your private life.
about your private life.
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si bodo ustvarili sliko
o tvojem zasebnem življenju.
o tvojem zasebnem življenju.
00:52
Maybe you don't believe
in the Chinese zodiac.
in the Chinese zodiac.
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Mogoče ne verjameš
v kitajski horoskop.
v kitajski horoskop.
00:55
As a quarter of the world population
is influenced by it,
is influenced by it,
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Glede na to, da četrtina svetovne
populacije je pod njegovim vplivom,
populacije je pod njegovim vplivom,
00:59
you'd be wise to do something about that.
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bi bilo pametno,
da nekaj narediš glede tega.
da nekaj narediš glede tega.
01:02
So what is the Chinese zodiac, exactly?
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Torej, kaj natačno je kitajski horoskop?
01:05
Most Westerners think
of Greco-Roman zodiac,
of Greco-Roman zodiac,
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Večina zahodnjakov pomisli
na grško-rimski horoskop,
na grško-rimski horoskop,
01:09
the signs divided into 12 months.
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kjer so znaki razdeljeni na 12 mesecev.
01:11
The Chinese zodiac is different.
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Kitajski horoskop je drugačen.
01:13
It's a 12-year cycle labeled with animals,
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Je 12-letni cikel označen z živalmi,
01:17
starting with a Rat and ending with a Pig,
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ki se začne s podgano in konča s prašičem
01:19
and has no association
with constellations.
with constellations.
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in nima nikakršne povezave z ozvezdji.
01:23
For example, if you were born
in 1975, you are a Rabbit.
in 1975, you are a Rabbit.
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Na primer, če si bil rojen
leta 1975, si zajec.
leta 1975, si zajec.
01:29
Can you see your zodiac sign there?
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Vidiš tu svoje znamenje?
01:32
Our Chinese ancestors constructed
a very complicated theoretical framework
a very complicated theoretical framework
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Naši kitajski predniki so ustvarili
zelo zapleteno teoretično ogrodje,
zelo zapleteno teoretično ogrodje,
01:37
based on yin and yang, the five elements
and the 12 zodiac animals.
and the 12 zodiac animals.
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ki je osnovano na notranjem jangu,
petih elementih in 12 živalih horoskopa.
petih elementih in 12 živalih horoskopa.
01:42
Over thousands of years,
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Skozi tisoče let
01:44
this popular culture has affected
people's major decisions,
people's major decisions,
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je ta popularna kultura vplivala
na najpomembnejše odločitve ljudi,
na najpomembnejše odločitve ljudi,
01:48
such as naming, marriage, giving birth
and attitude towards each other.
and attitude towards each other.
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kot je poimenovanje, poroka,
rojevanje in odnos do drugih.
rojevanje in odnos do drugih.
01:54
And some of the implications
are quite amazing.
are quite amazing.
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In nekatere izmed posledic so osupljive.
01:58
The Chinese believe certain animals
get on better than the others.
get on better than the others.
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Kitajci verjamejo, da se nekatere živali
med sabo razumejo boljše kot druge.
med sabo razumejo boljše kot druge.
02:03
So parents choose specific years
to give birth to babies,
to give birth to babies,
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Posledično starši izbirajo
specifična leta za rojevanje otrok,
specifična leta za rojevanje otrok,
02:07
because they believe the team effort
by the right combination of animals
by the right combination of animals
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ker verjamejo, da skupinski trud
za dobro kombinacijo živali
za dobro kombinacijo živali
02:12
can give prosperity to families.
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lahko privede do družinske blaginje.
02:15
We even refer to the zodiac
when entering into romantic relations.
when entering into romantic relations.
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Na horoskop se zanašamo tudi,
ko vstopamo v romantično zvezo.
ko vstopamo v romantično zvezo.
02:20
I'm a Pig; I should have perfect romance
with Tigers, Goats and Rabbits.
with Tigers, Goats and Rabbits.
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Jaz sem prašič; morala bi imeti
odlično romanco s tigri, kozami in zajci.
odlično romanco s tigri, kozami in zajci.
02:27
Chinese people believe some animals
are natural enemies.
are natural enemies.
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Kitajci verjamejo, da so nekatere živali
naravne sovražnice.
naravne sovražnice.
02:31
As a Pig, I need
to be careful with a Snake.
to be careful with a Snake.
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Kot prašič moram biti previdna s kačo.
02:35
Raise your hand if you are a Snake.
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Dvignite roke, če ste kača.
02:37
Let's have a chat later.
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Pozneje se bova pogovorila.
02:39
(Laughter)
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(Smeh)
02:40
We believe some animals
are luckier than the others,
are luckier than the others,
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Verjamemo, da so nekatere živali
srečnejše od drugih,
srečnejše od drugih,
02:43
such as the Dragon.
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na primer zmaj.
02:45
Unlike the Western tradition,
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Za razliko od zahodnjaške tradicije
02:47
the Chinese Dragon is a symbol
for power, strength and wealth.
for power, strength and wealth.
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je kitajski zmaj simbol
oblasti, moči in bogastva.
oblasti, moči in bogastva.
02:52
It's everyone's dream
to have a Dragon baby.
to have a Dragon baby.
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Vsi si želijo imeti dojenčka zmaja.
02:55
Jack Ma's parents
must have been very proud.
must have been very proud.
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Jack Majevi starši
so najverjetneje bili ponosni.
so najverjetneje bili ponosni.
02:58
And they are not the only ones.
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In niso edini.
03:00
In 2012, the Year of the Dragon,
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Leta 2012, v zmajevem letu,
se je stopnja rodnosti na Kitajskem,
se je stopnja rodnosti na Kitajskem,
03:03
the birthrate in China,
Hong Kong and Taiwan
Hong Kong and Taiwan
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v Hong Kongu in Tajvanu
03:05
increased by five percent.
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povečala za pet odstotkov.
03:07
That means another
one million more babies.
one million more babies.
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To pomeni še en milijon več dojenčkov.
03:12
With a traditional
preference to baby boys,
preference to baby boys,
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S tradicionalno naklonjenostjo do fantkov
03:15
the boy-girl ratio that year
was 120 to 100.
was 120 to 100.
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je bilo razmerje med fantki in punčkami
enako 120 proti 100.
enako 120 proti 100.
03:20
When those Dragon boys grow up,
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Ko bodo zmajevi fantki odrasli,
03:22
they will face much more severe
competition in love and job markets.
competition in love and job markets.
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se bodo soočili z večjo tekmovalnostjo
v ljubezni in na trgu dela.
v ljubezni in na trgu dela.
03:27
According to the BBC and the Chinese
government's press release,
government's press release,
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Po sporočilu za javnost, ki sta ga
izdala BBC in kitajska vlada,
izdala BBC in kitajska vlada,
03:31
January 2015 saw a peak
of Cesarean sections.
of Cesarean sections.
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je število carskih rezov
doseglo vrh januarja 2015.
doseglo vrh januarja 2015.
03:36
Why?
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Zakaj?
03:38
That was the last month
for the Year of the Horse.
for the Year of the Horse.
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To je bil zadnji mesec leta konja.
03:42
It's not because they like horses so much,
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Pa ne zato, ker imajo Kitajci
tako radi konje,
tako radi konje,
03:44
it's because they try to avoid
having unlucky Goat babies.
having unlucky Goat babies.
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ampak se skušajo izogniti
nesrečnim kozjim dojenčkom.
nesrečnim kozjim dojenčkom.
03:48
(Laughter)
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(Smeh)
03:49
If you are a Goat, please don't feel bad.
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Če si koza, se, prosim, ne počuti slabo.
03:52
Those are Goat babies.
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To so kozji dojenčki.
03:53
They don't look like losers to me.
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Osebno se mi ne zdijo ravno neke zgube.
03:56
(Laughter)
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(Smeh)
03:57
Tiger is another undesirable animal,
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Tiger je druga nezaželena žival
04:00
due to its volatile temperament.
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zaradi njegovega muhastega značaja.
04:02
Many Chinese regions
saw a sharp decline of birthrate
saw a sharp decline of birthrate
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V mnogih kitajskih regijah se je v tistih
letih stopnja rodnosti izrazito zmanjšala.
letih stopnja rodnosti izrazito zmanjšala.
04:06
during those years.
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04:08
Perhaps one should consider
zodiac in reverse,
zodiac in reverse,
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Morda pa bi bilo dobro
razmisliti o horoskopu z druge plati.
razmisliti o horoskopu z druge plati.
04:11
as those Tiger and Goat babies
will face much less competition.
will face much less competition.
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Tigrovi in kozji otroci
bodo imeli veliko manj konkurence.
bodo imeli veliko manj konkurence.
04:16
Maybe they are the lucky ones.
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Morda so oni srečneži.
04:20
I went through the Forbes
top 300 richest people in the world,
top 300 richest people in the world,
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Šla sem skozi Forbesov seznam
300 najbolj bogatih oseb na svetu
300 najbolj bogatih oseb na svetu
04:24
and it's interesting to see
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in je zanimivo videti,
04:26
the most undesirable two animals,
the Goat and Tiger,
the Goat and Tiger,
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da sta najbolj nezaželeni živali,
koza in tiger,
koza in tiger,
04:30
are at the top of the chart,
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na vrhu lestvice,
04:32
even higher than the Dragon.
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celo višje od zmaja.
04:34
So maybe we should consider,
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Zato bi morda morali razmisliti,
04:36
maybe it's much better
to have less competition.
to have less competition.
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da je veliko boljše
imeti manj konkurence.
imeti manj konkurence.
04:40
One last but interesting point:
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Še zadnja, a zanimiva točka:
04:42
many Chinese people make
their investment decisions
their investment decisions
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veliko Kitajcev sprejema
svoje investicijske odločitve
svoje investicijske odločitve
04:45
based on the zodiac sign index.
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na osnovi horoskopskega indeksa.
04:48
Although the belief and tradition
of the zodiac sign
of the zodiac sign
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Čeprav sta bili verovanje in
tradicija horoskopskih znamenj
tradicija horoskopskih znamenj
04:52
has been over thousands of years,
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razširjeni skozi tisoče let,
04:55
the trend of using it
in making major decisions
in making major decisions
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se je trend njihove uporabe
pri sprejemanju glavnih odločitev
pri sprejemanju glavnih odločitev
04:58
did not really happen
until the past few decades.
until the past few decades.
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pojavil šele v zadnjih desetletjih.
05:01
Our ancestors were very busy
surviving poverty, drought,
surviving poverty, drought,
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Naši predniki so bili zelo zaposleni
s preživetjem revščine, suše,
s preživetjem revščine, suše,
05:06
famine, riot, disease and civil war.
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lakote, izgredov, bolezni
in državljanske vojne.
in državljanske vojne.
05:10
And finally, Chinese people
have the time, wealth and technology
have the time, wealth and technology
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In končno imajo Kitajci čas,
bogastvo in tehnologijo
bogastvo in tehnologijo
05:15
to create an ideal life
they've always wanted.
they've always wanted.
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za ustvarjanje idealnega življenja,
ki so si ga vedno želeli.
ki so si ga vedno želeli.
05:19
The collective decision
made by 1.3 billion people
made by 1.3 billion people
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Skupna odločitev,
ki jo sprejme 1,3 milijarde ljudi,
ki jo sprejme 1,3 milijarde ljudi,
05:23
has caused the fluctuation in economics
and demand on everything,
and demand on everything,
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povzroča nihanje v ekonomiji
in povpraševanju po vsem,
in povpraševanju po vsem,
05:27
from health care and education
to property and consumer goods.
to property and consumer goods.
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od zdravstva do izobrazbe,
nepremičnin in potrošnih dobrin.
nepremičnin in potrošnih dobrin.
05:33
As China plays such an important role
in the global economy and geopolitics,
in the global economy and geopolitics,
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Ker ima Kitajska pomembno vlogo
v globalni ekonomiji in geopolitiki,
v globalni ekonomiji in geopolitiki,
05:38
the decisions made based on the zodiac
and other Chinese traditions
and other Chinese traditions
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odločitve osnovane na horoskopu
in drugih kitajskih tradicijah
in drugih kitajskih tradicijah
05:42
end up impacting everyone
around the world.
around the world.
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močno vplivajo na cel svet.
05:47
Are there any Monkeys here?
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So tu prisotne kake opice?
05:50
2016 is the Year of the Monkey.
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2016 je opičje leto.
05:53
Monkeys are clever, curious,
creative and mischievous.
creative and mischievous.
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Opice so inteligentne, radovedne,
kreativne in nagajive.
kreativne in nagajive.
05:58
Thank you.
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Hvala.
06:00
(Applause)
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(Aplavz)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
ShaoLan Hsueh - Technologist, entrepreneurShaoLan want to help people understand China's culture and language, and to bridge the gap between East and West.
Why you should listen
ShaoLan is an entrepreneur, angel investor, geek, writer, traveller and dreamer. She is the founder and creator of Chineasy, which she launched after her TED Talk in Long Beach, California in 2013.
In just over three years, she has built Chineasy into one of the most popular methods of learning Chinese across the Internet with several hundred thousand fellow learners. Her first book, Chineasy, The New Way to Read Chinese, was launched in March 2014 and has been translated into 18 languages. Her next book, Chineasy Everyday, was launched in March 2016.
ShaoLan is a tech entrepreneur with extensive business experience. At the age of 22, while studying for her MBA, she wrote four best-selling books on software in Taiwan, and her books were bundled by Microsoft. She co-founded pAsia, one of the major players on Internet in Asia in 1990’s. After a second masters degree at the University of Cambridge, she began Caravel Capital in 2005 to advise young tech companies.
Chineasy represents a return for ShaoLan to her artistic upbringing and in many ways a design project. This project is the culmination of her life’s journey through the East and West. Her aim is to help people to understand China, Chinese culture, its language and to bridge the gap between East and West. Her next step is to help Chinese children to enjoy and appreciate the beauty of their own language.
ShaoLan Hsueh | Speaker | TED.com