EG 2007
Ann Cooper: What's wrong with school lunches
Ann Cooper govori o šolskih kosilih
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Govornica na 2007 EG konferenci, "uporniška šolska kuharica" Ann Cooper razpravlja o prihajajoči revoluciji glede tega, kakšno hrano otroci uživajo v šolah -- lokalno, trajnostno, sezonsko in tudi izobraževalno.
Ann Cooper - Lunch lady
Ann Cooper cares -- a lot -- what kids eat for lunch. As the head of nutrition for Berkeley, California, schools, she serves organic, regionally sourced and sustainable meals to lots of lucky children. Full bio
Ann Cooper cares -- a lot -- what kids eat for lunch. As the head of nutrition for Berkeley, California, schools, she serves organic, regionally sourced and sustainable meals to lots of lucky children. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:16
My thing with school lunch is, it's a social justice issue.
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Moje mnenje o šolskih kosilih je, da so stvar socialne pravičnosti.
00:18
I'm the Director of Nutrition Services
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Sem vodja prehrambenih storitev
00:20
for the Berkeley Unified School District. I have 90 employees
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za šolsko okrožje Berkeley Unified. Imam 90 zaposlenih
00:23
and 17 locations, 9,600 kids.
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in 17 lokacij, 9600 otrok.
00:25
I'm doing 7,100 meals a day
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Na dan pripravim 7100 obrokov
00:27
and I've been doing it for two years,
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in to počnem že dve leti,
00:29
trying to change how we feed kids in America.
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poizkušam spremeniti, kako prehranjujemo otroke v Ameriki.
00:32
And that's what I want to talk to you a little bit about today.
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In to je tisto, o čemer želim danes govorit z vami.
00:35
These are some of my kids with a salad bar.
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To so nekatri od mojih otrok pri solatnem baru.
00:37
I put salad bars in all of our schools when I got there.
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Solatne bare sem uvedla v vse naše šole. Ko sem začela,
00:39
Everyone says it couldn't be done.
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so vsi trdili, da tega ne bo mogoče izvršiti --
00:41
Little kids couldn't eat off the salad bar,
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da majhni otroci ne bodo znali jesti s solatnega bara,
00:43
big kids would spit in it -- neither happened.
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da bodo starejši otroci pljuvali vanj -- nič od tega se ni zgodilo.
00:46
When I took over this, I tried to really figure out,
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Ko sem prevzela to odgovornost, sem se resnično trudila razumeti,
00:48
like, what my vision would be.
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na primer to, kaj bo moja vizija:
00:50
How do we really change children's relationship to food?
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kako lahko resnično spremenimo odnos otrok do hrane?
00:52
And I'll tell you why we need to change it,
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In povedala vam bom, zakaj je sprememba potrebna,
00:54
but we absolutely have to change it.
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ampak nekaj vsekakor moramo spremeniti.
00:56
And what I came to understand is,
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Prišla sem do spoznanja,
00:58
we needed to teach children
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da moramo otroke učiti
01:00
the symbiotic relationship
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simbiotičnega odnosa
01:02
between a healthy planet, healthy food and healthy kids.
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med zdravim planetom, zdravo hrano in zdravimi otroci.
01:05
And that if we don't do that, the antithesis,
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In da če tega ne storimo, je nasprotje
01:08
although we've heard otherwise,
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tega, kar smo drugače slišali,
01:10
is we're really going to become extinct,
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da bomo dejansko izumrli,
01:12
because we're feeding our children to death.
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ker hranimo naše otroke do smrti.
01:14
That's my premise.
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To je moje stališče.
01:16
We're seeing sick kids get sicker and sicker.
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Opažamo, da otroci postajajo čedalje bolj bolehni.
01:18
And the reason this is happening, by and large,
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In eden glavnih razlogov je
01:21
is because of our food system
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naš prehrambeni sistem
01:23
and the way the government commodifies food,
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in način, kako vlada spreminja hrano v izdelke
01:25
the way the government oversees our food,
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ter kako vlada nadzoruje našo hrano,
01:27
the way the USDA puts food on kids' plates
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kako Oddelek za agrokulturo streže hrano našim otrokom,
01:30
that's unhealthy, and allows unhealthy food into schools.
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ki ni zdrava, ter dovoljuje nezdravo hrano v šolah.
01:34
And by -- tacitly, all of us send our kids,
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In samoumnevno, vsi pošljemo naše otroke,
01:36
or grandchildren, or nieces, or nephews, to school
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vnuke ali nečakinje in nečake v šolo
01:39
and tell them to learn, you know,
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in jim rečemo, da naj se učijo, saj veste,
01:41
learn what's in those schools.
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naučijo naj se kar je v teh šolah.
01:43
And when you feed these kids bad food,
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In ko hraniš otroke s škodljivo hrano,
01:45
that's what they're learning. So that's really what this is all about.
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je to tisto, česar se naučijo. In v tem je pravzaprav bistvo.
01:48
The way we got here is because of big agribusiness.
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Do te točke smo prišli zaradi velikega agro-podjetništva.
01:52
We now live in a country where most of us don't decide,
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Dandanes živimo v državi, kjer se po večini ne odločamo sami,
01:56
by and large, what we eat. We see big businesses, Monsanto and DuPont,
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kaj zaužijemo. Vidimo velika podjetja, npr. Monsanto in DuPont,
01:59
who brought out Agent Orange and stain-resistant carpet.
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ki so izdelala herbicid Agent Orange in kancerogene preproge, odporne na madeže,
02:02
They control 90 percent of the commercially produced seeds in our country.
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in nadzorujejo 90 procentov vseh komercialno pridelanih semen v naši državi.
02:06
These are -- 10 companies
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Teh 10 podjetij --
02:08
control much of what's in our grocery stores,
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nadzoruje večino vsega, kar je v naših trgovinah,
02:10
much of what people eat. And that's really, really a problem.
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večino vsega, kar ljudje zaužijejo -- in to je resničen, resničen problem.
02:14
So when I started thinking about these issues
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Ko sem torej začela razmišljati o teh problemih
02:16
and how I was going to change what kids ate,
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in kako bom spremenila, kaj otroci jedo,
02:18
I really started focusing on what we would teach them.
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sem se osredotočila na to, kaj bomo učili otroke.
02:21
And the very first thing
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Prva stvar so bila
02:23
was about regional food -- trying to eat food
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lokalna živila -- da se trudimo jesti hrano
02:26
from within our region.
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pridelano v naši regiji.
02:28
And clearly, with what's going on with fossil fuel usage,
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In očitno, z vsem, kar se dogaja glede porabe fosilnih goriv,
02:30
or when -- as the fossil fuel is going away,
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in ko -- z izginjanjem fosilnih goriv,
02:33
as oil hits its peak oil,
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in ko poraba nafte dosega vrh,
02:36
you know, we really have to start thinking about whether or not
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moramo resnično začeti razmišljati o tem
02:38
we should, or could, be moving food
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ali bomo lahko, oziroma, ali bomo sploh zmogli prevažati hrano
02:41
1,500 miles before we eat it.
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1500 milij, preden jo zaužijemo.
02:44
So we talked to kids about that,
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In to je tisto, o čemer smo se pogovarjali z otroci,
02:46
and we really start to feed kids regional food.
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in dejansko smo začeli hraniti otroke z lokalno hrano.
02:49
And then we talk about organic food.
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In potem smo se pogovarjali še o bio prehrani.
02:51
Now, most school districts can't really afford organic food,
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Torej, večina šol si res ne more privoščiti bio hrane,
02:53
but we, as a nation,
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toda mi vsi, kot narod,
02:55
have to start thinking about
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moramo začeti razmišljati
02:57
consuming, growing and feeding our children
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o porabi, rasti in o prehranjevanju naših otrok
02:59
food that's not chock-full of chemicals.
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s hrano, ki ni natrpana s kemikalijami.
03:01
We can't keep feeding our kids pesticides
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Ne moremo hraniti naših otrok s pesticidi
03:03
and herbicides and antibiotics and hormones.
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in herbicidi in antibiotiki in hormoni.
03:06
We can't keep doing that.
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Tega ne moremo početi še naprej.
03:08
You know, it doesn't work.
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Saj veste, to ne deluje.
03:10
And the results of that are kids getting sick.
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In posledice tega je, da postajajo otroci bolni.
03:13
One of my big soapboxes right now is antibiotics.
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Ena mojih trenutno najvecjih govorniških tem so antibiotiki.
03:17
Seventy percent of all antibiotics consumed in America
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70 procentov vseh antibiotikov uporabljenih v Ameriki
03:21
is consumed in animal husbandry.
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je uporabljenih v živinoreji.
03:23
We are feeding our kids antibiotics
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Našim otrokom hranimo antibiotike
03:26
in beef and other animal protein every day.
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z govedino in ostalimi živalskimi beljakovinami vsak dan.
03:29
Seventy percent -- it's unbelievable.
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70 procentov -- to je neverjetno.
03:32
And the result of it is, we have diseases.
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In posledica tega je, da imamo bolezni.
03:35
We have things like E. coli that we can't fix,
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Imamo recimo E. coli bakterije, in tega ne moremo popraviti,
03:38
that we can't make kids better when they get sick.
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in ne moremo pomagati otrokom, ko zbolijo.
03:42
And, you know, certainly antibiotics have been over-prescribed,
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In seveda je tu tudi pretirano predpisovanje antibijotikov,
03:46
but it's an issue in the food supply.
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toda problem je v pridelavi hrane.
03:48
One of my favorite facts is that
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Eno mojih najljubših dejstev je,
03:50
U.S. agriculture uses 1.2 billion pounds of pesticides every year.
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da ameriško kmetijstvo porabi za 1,2 milijardi funtov pesticidov vsako leto.
03:54
That means every one of us, and our children,
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To pomeni, da vsak izmed nas in naši otroci
03:57
consumes what would equal a five-pound bag --
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zaužijemo za 2,5 kilogramsko vrečo --
03:59
those bags you have at home. If I had one here
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takšno vrečo, kot jih imate doma -- če bi imela eno tukaj
04:01
and ripped it open,
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in bi jo odprla,
04:03
and that pile I would have on the floor
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in kopica, ki bi nastala na tleh,
04:05
is what we consume and feed our children every year
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je to, kar zaužijemo in s čimer hranimo naše otroke vsako leto
04:08
because of what goes into our food supply,
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zaradi vsega, kar gre v pridelavo hrane,
04:11
because of the way we consume
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zaradi načina, kako se prehranjujemo
04:14
produce in America.
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in pridelujemo v Ameriki.
04:16
The USDA allows these antibiotics,
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Oddelek za kmetijstvo dovoljuje te antibiotike,
04:18
these hormones and these pesticides in our food supply,
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te hormone in te pesticide v pridelavi naše hrane,
04:20
and the USDA paid for this ad
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in Oddelek za kmetijstvo je financiral to reklamo
04:22
in Time magazine.
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v reviji Time.
04:24
Okay, we could talk about Rachel Carson and DDT,
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Dobro, lahko bi se pogovarjali o Rachel Carson in DDT-ju,
04:27
but we know it wasn't good for you and me.
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toda vsi vemo, da DDT ni bil dober ne za vas ne zame.
04:29
And that is what the USDA allows in our food supply.
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In to je tisto, kar Oddelek za kmetijstvo dovoljuje v pridelavi naše hrane.
04:32
And that has to change, you know.
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In to se mora spremeniti.
04:35
The USDA cannot be seen as
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Na Oddelek za kmetijstvo ne moremo gledati kot
04:37
the be-all and end-all of what we feed
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na nekaj vsemogočnega glede prehrane naših otrok
04:40
our kids and what's allowed.
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in tega, kaj je dovoljeno.
04:42
We cannot believe that they have our best interests at heart.
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Ne smemo verjeti, da imajo v srcu naš najboljši interes.
04:45
The antithesis of this whole thing is sustainable food.
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Nasprotje vsega tega je trajnostna prehrana.
04:48
That's what I really try and get people to understand.
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To je tisto, kar poskušam doseči, da bi ljudje razumeli.
04:51
I really try and teach it to kids. I think it's the most important.
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Resnično se trudim in učim otroke -- mislim, da je to najbolj pomembno.
04:54
It's consuming food in a way
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Da se hrana uživa tako,
04:56
in which we'll still have a planet,
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da ohranjamo planet
04:58
in which kids will grow up to be healthy,
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ter da bodo otroci zrastli zdravo,
05:00
and which really tries to mitigate
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in se trudili ublažiti
05:02
all the negative impacts we're seeing.
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vse negativne posledice, ki jih opažamo.
05:05
It really is just a new idea.
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Resnično je povsem nova ideja.
05:07
I mean, people toss around sustainability,
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Ljudje se poigravajo z besedo trajnostno,
05:09
but we have to figure out what sustainability is.
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ampak najprej moramo ugotoviti, kaj trajnostnost je.
05:12
In less than 200 years, you know, just in a few generations,
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V manj kot 200 letih, saj veste, v nekaj generacijah,
05:14
we've gone from being 200 --
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smo zreducirali delež zaposlenih na kmetijah z 200 --
05:16
being 100 percent, 95 percent farmers
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s 100 procentov, 95 procentov
05:19
to less than 2 percent of farmers.
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na manj kot 2 procenta.
05:21
We now live in a country that has more prisoners than farmers --
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Danes živimo v državi, ki ima več zapornikov kot kmetovalcev --
05:24
2.1 million prisoners, 1.9 million farmers.
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2,1 miljona zapornikov, 1,9 miljona kmetov.
05:28
And we spend 35,000 dollars
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In povprečno nas stane 35.000 dolarjev
05:30
on average a year keeping a prisoner in prison,
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letno, da vzdržujemo zapornika v zaporu
05:32
and school districts spend 500 dollars a year
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in šolska okrožja potrošijo 500 dolarjev na leto,
05:36
feeding a child.
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da hranijo otroka.
05:38
It's no wonder, you know, we have criminals.
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Ni čudno, veste, da imamo kriminalce.
05:40
(Laughter)
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(smeh)
05:42
And what's happening is, we're getting sick.
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In kar se dogaja je, da zbolevamo --
05:45
We're getting sick and our kids are getting sick.
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mi postajamo bolni in naši otroci postajajo bolni.
05:49
It is about what we feed them.
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To je zaradi prehrane.
05:52
What goes in is what we are.
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Kar zaužijemo, je to, kar smo.
05:54
We really are what we eat.
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Dejansko smo, kar jemo.
05:56
And if we continue down this path,
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In če bomo tako nadaljevali,
05:58
if we continue to feed kids bad food,
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in če bomo še naprej hranili naše otroke s slabo hrano,
06:00
if we continue not to teach them what good food is,
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in če jih ne bomo naučili, kaj to dobra prehrana je,
06:05
what's going to happen? You know, what is going to happen?
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kaj se bo zgodilo potem? Veste, kaj se bo zgodilo?
06:08
What's going to happen to our whole medical system?
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Kaj se bo zgodilo z našim zdravstvenim sistemom?
06:11
What's going to happen is,
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Zgodilo se bo,
06:13
we're going to have kids
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da bomo imeli otroke,
06:15
that have a life less long than our own.
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katerih življenje bo krajše kot naše.
06:18
The CDC, the Center for Disease Control,
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CDC -- Center za kontrolo bolezni --
06:21
has said, of the children born in the year 2000 --
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je izjavil, da otroci, rojeni leta 2000 --
06:23
those seven- and eight-year-olds today --
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tisti, ki so danes stari med sedem in osem let --
06:25
one out of every three Caucasians,
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eden izmed treh belcev,
06:27
one out of every two African-Americans and Hispanics
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eden izmed dveh afro-američanov in prebivalcev španskega porekla,
06:30
are going to have diabetes in their lifetime.
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bodo imeli sladkorno bolezen za časa njihovega življenja.
06:34
And if that's not enough, they've gone on to say,
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In če to ni dovolj, so izjavili še to,
06:37
most before they graduate high school.
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da bo večina zbolela še preden zaključijo srednjo šolo.
06:39
This means that 40 or 45 percent
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To pomeni, da bi bilo lahko 40 do 45 procentov
06:43
of all school-aged children
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vseh šoloobveznih otrok
06:45
could be insulin-dependent
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odvisnih od insulina
06:47
within a decade. Within a decade.
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v naslednjih 10 letih -- v 10 letih.
06:51
What's going to happen?
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Kaj se bo zgodilo?
06:53
Well, the CDC has gone further to say
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No, CDC je potem še izjavil,
06:55
that those children born in the year 2000
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da bi otroci, rojeni leta 2000,
06:57
could be the first generation
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lahko bili prva generacija
06:59
in our country's history to die at a younger age than their parents.
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v zgodovini naše države, ki bodo umrli mlajši kot njihovi starši.
07:02
And it's because of what we feed them.
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In to zaradi njihove prehrane.
07:04
Because eight-year-olds don't get to decide --
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Kajti osemletniki ne odločajo sami,
07:06
and if they do, you should be in therapy.
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in če odločajo, potrebujete terapijo vi.
07:09
You know, we are responsible
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Saj veste, mi smo odgovorni za to,
07:11
for what kids eat.
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kaj jedo otroci.
07:13
But oops, maybe they're responsible for what kids eat.
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Toda, ups, mogoče pa so oni odgovorni za to, kar jedo otroci.
07:17
Big companies spend 20 billion dollars a year
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Velika podjetja potrošijo 20 milijard dolarjev na leto
07:20
marketing non-nutrient foods to kids.
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za oglaševanje ne-hranljivih proizvodov našim otrokom.
07:23
20 billion dollars a year. 10,000 ads most kids see.
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20 milijard dolarjev na leto. 10.000 oglasov, ki jih vidi večina otrok.
07:27
They spend 500 dollars
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500 dolarjav potrošijo
07:29
for every one dollar -- 500 dollars marketing foods
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za vsak en dolar -- 500 dolarjev za oglaševanje produktov,
07:32
that kids shouldn't eat for every one dollar
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ki je otroci ne bi smeli jesti -- za vsak en dolar
07:35
marketing healthy, nutritious food.
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za oglaševanje zdrave, hranljive prehrane.
07:37
The result of which is kids think they're going to die
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Kot posledica otroci verjamejo, da bodo umrli,
07:39
if they don't have chicken nuggets.
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če ne bodo jedli piščančjih kroketov.
07:41
You know that everybody thinks they should be eating more, and more, and more.
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Veste, da vsi mislimo, da moramo jesti več in več in še več.
07:44
This is the USDA portion size, that little, tiny thing.
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To je velikost porcije, kot jo je določil Oddelek za kmetijstvo, ta miniaturna reč.
07:47
And the one over there, that's bigger than my head,
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In ta tukaj, ki je večja kot moja glava,
07:49
is what McDonald's and Burger King
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je to, kar McDonalds in Burger King
07:52
and those big companies think we should eat.
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in tista velika podjetja, mislijo, da bi morali jesti.
07:53
And why can they serve that much?
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In zakaj nam lahko strežejo tako veliko?
07:55
Why can we have 29-cent Big Gulps
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Zakaj imamo lahko ogromne količine pijače za 29 centov
07:58
and 99-cent double burgers?
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in dvojne burgerje, ki stanejo 99 centov?
08:00
It's because of the way the government commodifies food,
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To je posledica tega, kako vlada prideluje prehrambene produkte,
08:03
and the cheap corn and cheap soy
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in cenena koruza in cenena soja,
08:05
that are pushed into our food supply
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ki jih vsiljujejo v produkcijo hrane,
08:07
that makes these non-nutrient foods
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katere rezultat je, da so ne-hranljiva živila
08:09
really, really cheap.
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zelo, zelo poceni.
08:11
Which is why I say it's a social justice issue.
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In zato temu pravim problem socialne nepravičnosti.
08:14
Now, I said I'm doing this in Berkeley, and you might think,
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Torej, kot sem že rekla, počnem to v Berkeleyu in verjetno mislite,
08:16
"Oh, Berkeley. Of course you can do it in Berkeley."
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"Oh, Berkeley. Seveda lahko to počneš v Berkeleyu."
08:18
Well, this is the food I found 24 months ago.
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Torej, tole so živila, ki sem jih odkrila pred 24 meseci.
08:21
This is not even food.
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To sploh ni hrana.
08:23
This is the stuff we were feeding our kids: Extremo Burritos,
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To je stvar, s katero hranimo naše otroke -- Ekstremni Buritosi.
08:25
corn dogs,
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hrenovke v koruznem ovoju,
08:27
pizza pockets, grilled cheese sandwiches.
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pica žepki, pečeni sendviči s sirom.
08:29
Everything came in plastic, in cardboard.
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Vse je zapakirano v plastiki in kartonu.
08:32
The only kitchen tools my staff had was a box cutter.
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Edini kuhinjski pripomoček, ki so ga imeli moji zaposleni, so bili nožki za odpiranje škatelj.
08:35
The only working piece of equipment in my kitchen
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Edini delujoč kuhinjski aparat v moji kuhinji
08:37
was a can crusher, because if it didn't come in a can,
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je bil odpirač za konzerve, ker če ni bilo pakirano v konzervi,
08:40
it came frozen in a box.
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je bilo dostavljeno zamrznjeno v škatli.
08:42
The USDA allows this.
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Oddelek za kmetijstvo to dovoljuje.
08:44
The USDA allows all of this stuff.
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Oddelek za kmetijstvo dovoljuje vse te stvari.
08:46
In case you can't tell, that's, like,
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Če slučajno niste vedeli, tole je
08:48
pink Danish and some kind of cupcakes.
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rožnata slaščica in neke vrste tortice.
08:52
Chicken nuggets, Tater Tots, chocolate milk with high fructose,
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Kokošji kroketi, krompirjeve kroglice, čokoladno mleko z visoko vsebnostjo fruktoze,
08:55
canned fruit cocktail -- a reimbursable meal.
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konzerviran sadni kompot -- za ta obrok država povrne denar.
08:58
That's what the government says is okay to feed our kids.
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Za to hrano vlada pravi, da je dovolj dobra za naše otroke.
09:02
It ain't okay. You know what? It is not okay.
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To ni v redu. Veste kaj? To resnično ni v redu.
09:06
And we, all of us,
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In mi vsi
09:08
have to understand
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moramo razumeti,
09:10
that this is about us,
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da se nas to tiče --
09:12
that we can make a difference here.
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da lahko uvedemo spremembe.
09:14
Now I don't know if any of you out there invented chicken nuggets,
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Ne vem, če je kateri od vas izumil piščančje krokete,
09:16
but I'm sure you're rich if you did.
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in če je, sem prepričana, da ste obogateli.
09:18
But whoever decided that a chicken should look like
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Toda kdo je tisti, ki je odločil, da bi moralo piščanje meso izgledati takole -
09:21
a heart, a giraffe, a star?
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kot srce, žirafa, zvezda?
09:25
Well, Tyson did, because there's no chicken in the chicken.
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Torej, Tyson -- podjetje za predelavo perutnine -- je to storilo, ker v piščancu sploh ni piščanca.
09:28
And that they could figure it out,
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In ugotovili so,
09:30
that we could sell this stuff to kids.
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da lahko to prodajajo otrokom.
09:32
You know, what's wrong with teaching kids
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Kaj je narobe v tem, če učimo otroke,
09:34
that chicken looks like chicken?
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da piščanec izgleda kot piščanec?
09:36
But this is what most schools serve.
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Ampak tole je tisto, kar večina šol ponuja otrokom.
09:38
In fact, this may be what a lot of parents serve,
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Dejstvo je, da je to tisto, kar verjetno veliko staršev ponuja doma --
09:41
as opposed to -- this is what we try and serve.
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nasprotje temu je -- to, kar se mi trudimo ponuditi.
09:44
We really need to change
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Resnično moramo spremeniti
09:46
this whole paradigm with kids and food.
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celo paradigmo z otroki in prehrano.
09:49
We really have to teach children
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Resnično moramo naučiti otroke,
09:51
that chicken is not a giraffe.
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da piščanec ni žirafa.
09:54
You know, that vegetables
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Da je zelenjava
09:56
are actually colorful, that they have flavor,
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dejansko najrazličnejših barv -- da ima okus,
09:59
that carrots grow in the ground,
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da korenje raste iz tal,
10:02
that strawberries grow in the ground.
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da jagode rastejo iz tal.
10:04
There's not a strawberry tree or a carrot bush.
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Da jagodno drevo in korenčkovo grmovje ne obstajajo.
10:07
You know, we have to change
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Spremeniti moramo
10:10
the way we teach kids about these things.
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način, kako učimo otroke glede teh stvari.
10:12
There's a lot of stuff we can do. There's a lot of schools
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Veliko je, kar lahko storimo. Veliko šol je,
10:15
doing farm-to-school programs. There's a lot of schools
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ki imajo programe od-kmetije-do-šole. Veliko šol je,
10:18
actually getting fresh food into schools.
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katerim dejansko dostavljajo svežo hrano.
10:21
Now, in Berkeley, we've gone totally fresh.
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V Berkeleyu je vse sveže.
10:24
We have no high-fructose corn syrup,
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Nimamo koruznega sirupa z visoko vsebnostjo fruktoze,
10:26
no trans fats, no processed foods.
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nobenih nasičenih maščob ali predelane hrane.
10:28
We're cooking from scratch every day.
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Vsak dan kuhamo iz osnovnih sestavin.
10:30
We have 25 percent of our --
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25 procentov vseh naših --
10:33
(Applause)
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(Aplavz)
10:35
thank you -- 25 percent of our stuff
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hvala -- 25 procentov naših živil
10:37
is organic and local. We cook.
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je bio pridelanih in lokalnih. Pri nas kuhamo.
10:39
Those are my hands. I get up at 4 a.m.
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To so moje roke. Vstanem ob 4 zjutraj,
10:42
every day and go cook the food for the kids,
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vsak dan, in grem kuhat hrano za otroke,
10:45
because this is what we need to do.
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ker to je to, kar moramo početi.
10:47
We can't keep serving kids
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Ne moremo še naprej nuditi otrokom
10:49
processed crap,
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predelanih odpadkov,
10:51
full of chemicals,
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polnih kemikalij,
10:53
and expect these are going to be healthy citizens.
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in pričakovati, da bodo zdravi državljani.
10:55
You're not going to get the next generation,
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Ne bomo nam uspelo prepričati naslednje generacije
10:58
or the generation after, to be able to think like this
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ali generacije za njimi, da bi razmišljali na ta način,
11:00
if they're not nourished.
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če zanje ne skrbimo.
11:02
If they're eating
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Če jedo
11:04
chemicals all the time,
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kemikalije ves čas,
11:06
they're not going to be able to think.
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ne bodo mogli razmišljati.
11:08
They're not going to be smart.
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Ne bodo pametni.
11:10
You know what? They're just going to be sick.
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Veste kaj? Enostavno bodo samo bolani.
11:13
Now one of the things that -- what happened when I went into Berkeley
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Ena od stvari -- kaj se je zgodilo, ko sem šla v Berkeley,
11:15
is I realized that, you know, this was all pretty amazing to people,
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je, da sem spoznala, da je bilo vse to precej izjemno za ljudi --
11:18
very, very different, and I needed to market it.
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zelo, zelo drugačno -- in sem morala zato oglaševati.
11:21
I came up with these calendars that I sent home to every parent.
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Izdelala sem te koledarje, ki sem jih poslala domov staršem.
11:24
And these calendars really started to lay out my program.
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In ti koledarji so predstavili moj program.
11:27
Now I'm in charge of all the cooking classes
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Zdaj sem vodja vseh kuharskih ur
11:29
and all the gardening classes in our school district.
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in pouka vrtnarjenja v našem šolskem okrožju.
11:32
So this is a typical menu.
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To je tipični jedilnik --
11:34
This is what we're serving this week at the schools.
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to je to, kar nudimo ta teden v šolah.
11:36
And you see these recipes on the side?
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In vidite te recepte na strani?
11:38
Those are the recipes that the kids learn in my cooking classes.
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To so recepti, ki se jih otroci naučijo pri mojih kuharskih urah.
11:40
They do tastings of these ingredients in the gardening classes.
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Pri urah vrtnarjenja poizkušajo vse te sestavine.
11:44
They also may be growing them. And we serve them in the cafeterias.
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Lahko, da jih celo gojijo. In jih potem strežemo v jedilnici.
11:48
If we're going to change children's relationship to food,
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Če bomo spremenili odnos otrok do prehrane,
11:50
it's delicious, nutritious food in the cafeterias,
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bo to z okusno in hranljivo hrano v jedilnicah.
11:53
hands-on experience -- you're looking in cooking and gardening classes --
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Izkušnje iz prve roke -- kuharske in vrtnarske šolske ure --
11:56
and academic curriculum to tie it all together.
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in akademski učni načrt, ki bi vse to povezal.
12:00
Now you've probably garnered that I don't love the USDA,
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Verjetno ste že doumeli, da ne maram Oddelka za kmetijstvo
12:03
and I don't have any idea what to do with their pyramid,
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in nimam prav nobene ideje, kaj naj z njihovo piramido --
12:06
this upside-down pyramid with a rainbow over the top, I don't know.
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ta na glavo obrnjena piramida z mavrico na vrhu, ne vem.
12:08
You know, run up into the end of the rainbow,
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Naj tečemo na vrh in na konec mavrice,
12:10
I don't know what you do with it. So, I came up with my own.
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pojma nimam, kaj naj s tem. Zato sem naredila svojo lastno.
12:13
This is available on my website in English and Spanish,
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Na voljo je na moji spletni strani v angleškem in španskem jeziku,
12:15
and it's a visual way to talk to kids about food.
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in je vizualni pristop k pogovoru z otroci o prehrani.
12:18
The really tiny hamburger, the really big vegetables.
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Miniaturni hamburger, velika zelenjava.
12:21
We have to start changing this.
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Uvesti moramo spremembe.
12:23
We have to make kids understand
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Doseči moramo, da bodo otroci razumeli,
12:26
that their food choices make a big difference.
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da njihove odločitve glede hrane povzročijo velike spremembe.
12:30
We have cooking classes -- we have cooking classrooms in our schools.
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Pri nas imamo kuharski pouk -- na naši šoli imamo kuharske učilnice
12:33
And why this is so important is
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in to je pomembno zato,
12:35
that we now have grown a generation,
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ker smo vzgojili generacijo,
12:38
maybe two, of kids where one out of every four meals
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morda dve, otrok, ki imajo za enega izmed štirih obrokov
12:41
is eaten in fast food, one of every four meals is eaten in a car
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hitro prehrano, eden izmed štirih obrokov se poje v avtu
12:45
and one out of every last four meals is eaten in front of a TV or computer.
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in en izmed zadnjih štirih obrokov se poje pred TV ali računalnikom.
12:49
What are kids learning? Where is the family time?
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Kaj se ti otroci učijo? Kje je čas za družino?
12:53
Where is socialization? Where is discussion?
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Kje je druženje? Kje so pogovori?
12:57
Where is learning to talk?
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Kje je učenje komunikacije?
12:59
You know, we have to change it.
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To moramo spremeniti.
13:01
I work with kids a lot. These are kids I work with in Harlem.
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Veliko delam z otroci. To so otroci, s katerimi delam v Harlemu.
13:04
EATWISE -- Enlightened and Aware Teens Who Inspire Smart Eating.
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EATWISE -- razsvetljeni in zavedni najstniki, ki navdušujejo prehranjevanje s pametjo.
13:07
We have to teach kids
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Otroke moramo naučiti,
13:09
that Coke and Pop Tarts
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da Cola in Pop Tarts zavitki
13:11
aren't breakfast.
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niso zajtrk.
13:13
We have to teach kids that if they're on a diet
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Otroke moramo učiti, da če so na dieti
13:15
of refined sugar,
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predelanega sladkorja,
13:17
they go up and down, just like if they're on a diet of crack.
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da bodo nihali gor in dol, kot če bi bili na dieti z drogo.
13:22
And we have to pull it all together. We have composting in all of our schools.
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Zajeti moramo vse skupaj. Na naših šolah imamo sistem predelave komposta.
13:25
We have recycling in all of our schools.
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Recikliramo v vseh naših šolah.
13:27
You know, the things that we maybe do at home
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Saj veste, stvari, ki jih počnemo doma,
13:29
and think are so important,
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in za katere mislimo, da so pomembne,
13:31
we have to teach kids about in school.
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moramo učiti otroke tudi v šolah.
13:35
It has to be so much a part of them
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Tako zelo mora to biti del njih samih,
13:37
that they really get it.
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da dejansko dojamejo.
13:39
Because, you know what, many of us
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Kajti, veliko nas je
13:41
are sort of at the end of our careers,
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ki smo na koncu naših karier,
13:43
and we need to be giving these kids --
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in moramo nuditi tem otrokom --
13:45
these young kids, the next generation --
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tem mladim otrokom, naslednji generaciji --
13:47
the tools to save themselves
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orodja, da si bodo lahko pomagali sami
13:49
and save the planet.
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in da bodo lahko rešili planet.
13:51
One of the things I do a lot is public-private partnerships.
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Ena od stvari, ki jih počnem, so povezave med zasebnimi in javnimi organizacijami.
13:54
I work with private companies
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Sodelujem z zasebnimi organizacijami,
13:56
who are willing to do R & D with me,
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ki so pripravljene sodelovati na področju raziskave in razvoja,
13:58
who are willing to do distribution for me,
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ki so željne sodelovati v distribuciji,
14:00
who are really willing to work to go into schools.
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ki so resnično željne sodelovanja s šolami.
14:02
Schools are underfunded.
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Šole niso dovolj financirane.
14:04
Most schools in America spend less
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Večina šol v Ameriki potroši manj
14:06
than 7,500 dollars a year teaching a child.
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kot 7500 dolarjev na leto za izobraževanje otroka.
14:09
That comes down to under five dollars an hour.
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To je manj kot pet dolarjev na uro.
14:12
Most of you spend 10, 15 dollars an hour
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Večina vas potroši 10, 15 dolarjev na uro,
14:14
for babysitters when you have them.
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ko najamete varuške.
14:17
So we're spending less than 5 dollars an hour on the educational system.
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In mi trošimo manj kot 5 dolarjev na uro za šolski sistem.
14:20
And if we're going to change it,
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In če ga bomo kdaj spremenili,
14:22
and change how we feed kids,
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in če bomo spremenili način, kako hranimo otroke.
14:24
we really have to rethink that.
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moramo resnično premisliti celo stvar.
14:26
So, public and private partnerships,
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Torej, partnerstva med javnimi in zasebnimi organizacijami,
14:28
advocacy groups, working with foundations.
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zagovorniške skupine, delo s skladi.
14:31
In our school district, the way we afford this
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V našem šolskem okrožju, način, da si lahko to privoščimo je,
14:33
is our school district allocates .03 percent
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da naše šolsko okrožje dodeli 0,03 procente
14:36
of the general fund
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glavnega sklada
14:38
towards nutrition services. And I think if every school district
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za prehrambene storitve. In moje mnenje je, da če vsako šolsko okrožje
14:41
allocated a half to one percent,
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dodeli pol do enega procenta,
14:43
we could start to really fix this program.
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da lahko dejansko začnemo s popravilom programa.
14:46
We really need to change it.
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Resnično ga moramo spremeniti.
14:49
It's going to take more money.
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In potrebovali bomo še več finančnih sredstev.
14:51
Of course, it's not all about food; it's also about
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Seveda stvar ni samo v hrani -- otroci
14:53
kids getting exercise.
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potrebujejo veliko gibanja
14:55
And one of the simple things we can do
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in ena preprosith stvari, ki jih lahko naredimo, je
14:57
is put recess before lunch.
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odmor pred kosilom.
14:59
It's sort of this "duh" thing.
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To je ena tistih očitnih stvari,
15:01
You know, if you have kids coming into lunch
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ko gredo otroci na kosilo
15:03
and all they're going to do when they get out of lunch is go to have recess,
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in takoj ko zaključijo s kosilom, imajo odmor,
15:06
you see them just throw away their lunch so they can run outside.
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vidiš, kako vržejo stran kosilo, ker se jim mudi ven
15:09
And then, at one in the afternoon, they're totally crashing.
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in potem so okrog enih popoldan popolnoma sesuti.
15:12
These are your children and grandchildren that are totally melting down
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To so vaši otroci in vaši vnuki, ki so popolnoma izčrpani,
15:14
when you pick them up, because they haven't had lunch.
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ko jih pridete iskat, ker niso jedli kosila.
15:16
So if the only thing they'd have to do after lunch is go to class,
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Če bi bil torej pouk takoj po kosilu,
15:19
believe me, they're going to sit there and eat their lunch.
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verjemite mi, bi sedeli tam in jedli kosilo.
15:22
We need to --
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Moramo --
15:24
we need to educate.
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moramo jih izobraziti.
15:26
We need to educate the kids.
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Izobraziti moramo otroke.
15:28
We need to educate the staff.
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Izobraziti moramo zaposlene.
15:30
I had 90 employees.
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Jaz sem imela 90 zaposlenih.
15:32
Two were supposed to be cooks -- none could.
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Dva naj bi bila kuharja -- a noben ni znal kuhati.
15:34
And, you know, I'm not that better off now.
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In, da veste, tudi zdaj ni veliko boljše.
15:37
But we really have to educate.
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Resnično moramo izobraževati.
15:39
We have to get academic institutions to start thinking
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Izobraževalne inštitucije morajo začeti razmišljati
15:42
about ways to teach people how to cook again,
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o tem, kako ponovno naučiti ljudi kuhanja,
15:45
because, of course, they don't --
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kajti, tega seveda ne počno --
15:47
because we've had this processed food in schools
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predelano hrano smo imeli v šolah
15:49
and institutions for so long.
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in inštitucijah že predolgo.
15:51
We need 40-minute lunches --
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Potrebujemo 40 minutna kosila --
15:53
most schools have 20-minute lunches --
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kosilo v večini šol traja 20 minut --
15:55
and lunches that are time-appropriate.
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in kosila, ki so ob ustreznem času.
15:57
There was just a big study done, and so many schools
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Pravkar so naredili veliko raziskavo, in veliko šol
15:59
are starting lunch at nine and 10 in the morning.
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začenjajo kosila ob 9. ali 10. zjutraj --
16:01
That is not lunchtime.
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to ni čas za kosilo.
16:04
You know, it's crazy. It's crazy what we're doing.
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To je noro, noro je to, kar počnemo.
16:07
And just remember,
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In pomnite,
16:09
at very least tacitly,
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četudi po zgledu,
16:11
this is what we're teaching children
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to je to, kar učimo otroke
16:14
as what they should be doing.
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kaj bi morali početi.
16:16
I think if we're going to fix this,
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Mislim, da če bomo to kdaj spremenili,
16:18
one of the things we have to do
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je ena od stvari, ki jih moramo storiti,
16:20
is really change how we have oversight
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dejansko sprememba nadzora
16:22
over the National School Lunch Program.
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nad Nacionalnim programom šolskih kosil
16:24
Instead of the National School Lunch Program being under the USDA,
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Namesto, da bo ta program pod Oddelkom za kmetijstvo,
16:27
I think it should be under CDC.
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mislim, da bi moral biti pod Centrom za kontrolo bolezni.
16:29
If we started to think about food
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Če začnemo razmišljati o hrani
16:32
and how we feed our kids
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in o tem, kako prehranjujemo naše otroke,
16:34
as a health initiative,
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kot zdravsvteno pobudo
16:37
and we started thinking about food as health,
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in če začnemo razmišljati o hrani kot zdravju,
16:40
then I think we wouldn't have corn dogs
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potem, mislim, da ne bi imeli hrenovk oblitih s koruznim testom
16:43
as lunch.
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za kosilo.
16:45
Okay, Finance 101 on this,
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Uvod v finance na to temo,
16:48
and this -- I'm sort of wrapping it up with this finance piece,
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in tako -- zaključujem govor s podatki o financah,
16:51
because I think this is something we all have to understand.
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kajti mislim, da je to nekaj, kar moramo vsi razumeti.
16:54
The National School Lunch Program spends 8 billion dollars
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Nacionalni program šolskih kosil potroši 8 milijard dolarjev
16:56
feeding 30 million children a year.
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za prehrano 30 milijonov otrok na leto.
16:58
That number probably needs to double.
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Ta številka bi verjetno morala biti podvojena.
17:00
People say, "Oh my God, where are we going to get 8 billion?"
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Ljudje rečejo: "Ljubi bog, kje bomo dobili 8 milijard dolarjev?"
17:03
In this country, we're spending 110 billion dollars a year
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V naši državi potrošimo 110 milijard dolarjev letno
17:07
on fast food.
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za hitro prehrano.
17:10
We spend 100 billion dollars a year
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100 miljiard dolarjev letno potrošimo
17:12
on diet aids.
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na pripomočkih za diete.
17:14
We spend 50 billion dollars on vegetables,
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50 milijard je potrošenih za zelenjavo,
17:16
which is why we need all the diet aids.
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kar je razlog, zakaj rebimo vse tiste pripomočke za dieto.
17:19
We spend 200 billion dollars a year
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200 milijard dolarjev na leto potrošimo
17:22
on diet-related illness today,
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za bolezni, povezane s prehrano,
17:25
with nine percent of our kids having type 2 diabetes.
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z devet procenti otrok, ki imajo sladkorno bolezen tipa 2 --
17:28
200 billion.
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200 milijard.
17:30
So you know what, when we talk
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In veste kaj, ko govorimo
17:32
about needing 8 billion more, it's not a lot.
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o tem, da potrebujemo 8 miljard, to sploh ni veliko.
17:35
That 8 billion comes down to two dollars and 49 cents --
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Teh 8 miljard se prenese v dva dolarja in 49 centov --
17:38
that's what the government allocates for lunch.
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to je kolikor država dodeli za kosila.
17:41
Most school districts spend two thirds of that on payroll and overhead.
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Večina šolskih okrajev potroši dve tretjini tega za plačniške in režijske stroške.
17:44
That means we spend less than a dollar a day
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To pomeni, da potrošimo manj kot dolar na dan
17:47
on food for kids in schools --
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za prehrano za otroke v šolah --
17:49
most schools, 80 to 90 cents. In L.A., it's 56 cents.
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večina šol 80 do 90 centov. V Los Angelesu 56 centov.
17:54
So we're spending less than a dollar, OK, on lunch.
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Trošimo torej manj kot dolar na kosilo.
17:57
Now I don't know about you,
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Za vas ne vem,
17:59
but I go to Starbucks and Pete's and places like that,
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ampak jaz hodim v Starbucks kavarno in Pete's in podobno,
18:01
and venti latte in San Francisco is five dollars.
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in velika kava z mlekom v San Franciscu stane pet dolarjev.
18:04
One gourmet coffee,
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Ena gurmanska kava,
18:06
one, is more --
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ena -- je več,
18:08
we spend more on than we are spending to feed kids
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kot kar potrošimo za prehrano naših otrok
18:11
for an entire week
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v celem tednu
18:14
in our schools.
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v naših šolah.
18:16
You know what? We should be ashamed.
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Veste kaj? Moralo bi nas biti sram.
18:20
We, as a country, should be ashamed
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Mi, kot država, bi morali biti osramočeni
18:23
at that.
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pri tem, da smo --
18:25
The richest country.
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najbogatejša država.
18:27
In our country,
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V naši državi
18:29
it's the kids that need it the most,
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so tisti otroci, ki jo najbolj potrebujejo,
18:32
who get this really, really lousy food.
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ravno ti, ki dobijo zelo, zelo zanič hrano.
18:34
It's the kids who have parents and grandparents
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Otroci, ki imajo starše in stare starše
18:36
and uncles and aunts that can't even afford
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in strice in tete, ki si ne morejo niti privoščiti
18:40
to pay for school lunch that gets this food.
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plačila za šolsko kosilo, ti so tisti, ki dobijo to hrano.
18:43
And those are the same kids
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In to so isti otroci
18:45
who are going to be getting sick.
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ki bodo potem zboleli.
18:48
Those are the same kids who we should be taking care of.
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In to so ti isti otroci, za katere bi morali skrbeti.
18:51
We can all make a difference.
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Vsi skupaj lahko naredimo spremembo --
18:54
That every single one of us,
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vsak od nas,
18:56
whether we have children,
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če imamo otroke,
18:58
whether we care about children, whether we have nieces or nephews,
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ali če nam je mar za otroke, ali če imamo nečake in nečakinje,
19:01
or anything --
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ali kar koli že --
19:03
that we can make a difference.
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lahko uvedemo spremembe.
19:05
Whether you sit down and eat a meal with your kids,
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Lahko se usedete s svojimi otroci in jeste obrok skupaj,
19:07
whether you take your kids, or grandchildren,
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ali če peljete otroke ali vnuke
19:09
or nieces and nephews shopping
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ali nečake in nečakinje po nakupih
19:12
to a farmers' market. Just do tastings with them.
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na kmečko tržnico -- peljite jih na pokušine.
19:15
Sit down and care.
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Vsedite se in pokažite, da vam je mar.
19:17
And on the macro level,
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In s še večjega vidika,
19:19
we're in what seems to be
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smo sredi kar se zdi že
19:21
a 19-month presidential campaign,
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19 mesečne predsedniške kampanje
19:25
and of all the things we're asking
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in od vseh stvari, za katere naprošamo
19:27
all of these potential leaders,
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vse te politične voditelje,
19:29
what about asking for the health of our children?
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kaj, če bi jih prosili za zdravje naših otrok? Hvala.
19:31
Thank you.
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Hvala.
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Ann Cooper - Lunch ladyAnn Cooper cares -- a lot -- what kids eat for lunch. As the head of nutrition for Berkeley, California, schools, she serves organic, regionally sourced and sustainable meals to lots of lucky children.
Why you should listen
Ann Cooper has a frontline view of the daily battle to keep kids healthy -- and of the enemy, the processed-foods industries that, it sometimes seems, want to wrap every single thing that children eat in a fried coating and then a plastic bag. As the director of nutrition services for the Berkeley (California) Unified School District, she's an outspoken activist for serving fresh, sustainable food to kids. Her lively website, ChefAnn.com, rounds up recipes, links, and resources for food activism.
Cooper's influential program in Berkeley involves kids in every stage of the food they eat, from growing to disposing of it. And along the way, eating some delicious cafeteria lunches. She's also recently become one of the most enterprising members of Jamie Oliver's Food Revolution, launching TheLunchBox.org to give schools the resources and support they need to transform their menus and provide balanced, healthy meals. In line with that effort, she is partnering with Whole Foods on the Great American Salad Project (GASP), which will create fresh salad bars in over 300 schools around the U.S.
She's the author of several books, including Bitter Harvest, an examination of the food chain, and her latest, Lunch Lessons: Changing the Way We Feed Our Children.
Ann Cooper | Speaker | TED.com