ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Dan Dennett - Philosopher, cognitive scientist
Dan Dennett thinks that human consciousness and free will are the result of physical processes.

Why you should listen

One of our most important living philosophers, Dan Dennett is best known for his provocative and controversial arguments that human consciousness and free will are the result of physical processes in the brain. He argues that the brain's computational circuitry fools us into thinking we know more than we do, and that what we call consciousness — isn't. His 2003 book "Freedom Evolves" explores how our brains evolved to give us -- and only us -- the kind of freedom that matters, while 2006's "Breaking the Spell" examines belief through the lens of biology.

This mind-shifting perspective on the mind itself has distinguished Dennett's career as a philosopher and cognitive scientist. And while the philosophy community has never quite known what to make of Dennett (he defies easy categorization, and refuses to affiliate himself with accepted schools of thought), his computational approach to understanding the brain has made him, as Edge's John Brockman writes, “the philosopher of choice of the AI community.”

“It's tempting to say that Dennett has never met a robot he didn't like, and that what he likes most about them is that they are philosophical experiments,” Harry Blume wrote in the Atlantic Monthly in 1998. “To the question of whether machines can attain high-order intelligence, Dennett makes this provocative answer: ‘The best reason for believing that robots might some day become conscious is that we human beings are conscious, and we are a sort of robot ourselves.'"

In recent years, Dennett has become outspoken in his atheism, and his 2006 book Breaking the Spell calls for religion to be studied through the scientific lens of evolutionary biology. Dennett regards religion as a natural -- rather than supernatural -- phenomenon, and urges schools to break the taboo against empirical examination of religion. He argues that religion's influence over human behavior is precisely what makes gaining a rational understanding of it so necessary: “If we don't understand religion, we're going to miss our chance to improve the world in the 21st century.”

Dennett's landmark books include The Mind's I, co-edited with Douglas Hofstaedter, Consciousness Explained, and Darwin's Dangerous Idea. Read an excerpt from his 2013 book, Intuition Pumps, in the Guardian >>

More profile about the speaker
Dan Dennett | Speaker | TED.com
TED2002

Dan Dennett: Dangerous memes

Den Denet (Dan Dennet): Opasni memi

Filmed:
1,954,033 views

Počevši jednostavnom pričom o mravu, filozof Den Denet oslobađa razorni plotun ideja, stvarajući snažan slučaj od postojanja mema - koncepata koji su bukvalno živi.
- Philosopher, cognitive scientist
Dan Dennett thinks that human consciousness and free will are the result of physical processes. Full bio

Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.

00:25
How manyмноги CreationistsKompjutersku do we have in the roomсоба?
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Koliko kreacionista imamo u prostoriji?
00:28
ProbablyVerovatno noneниједан. I think we're all DarwiniansDarwinians.
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Verovatno nijednog.
Mislim da smo svi darvinovci.
00:31
And yetјош увек manyмноги DarwiniansDarwinians are anxiousnestrpljiv, a little uneasynelagodu --
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Ipak, mnogi darvinovci su zabrinuti,
pomalo uznemireni;
00:38
would like to see some limitsограничења on just how farдалеко the DarwinismDarvinizam goesиде.
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voleli bi da vide granice
do kojih darvinizam ide.
00:43
It's all right.
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To je u redu.
00:45
You know spiderwebspauиine? Sure, they are productsпроизводи of evolutionеволуција.
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Znate za paukove mreže?
Naravno, one su proizvod evolucije.
00:49
The WorldSvet WideŠirok WebWeb? Not so sure.
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Za svetsku mrežu nisam baš siguran.
00:53
BeaverDabar damsбране, yes. HooverHoover DamBrana, no.
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Dabrove brane? Da.
Huverovu branu? Ne.
00:55
What do they think it is that preventssprečava the productsпроизводи of humanљудско ingenuityгенијалност
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Šta misle da sprečava
produkte ljudske genijalnosti
01:01
from beingбиће themselvesсами, fruitsvoće of the treeдрво of life,
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da budu ono što jesu -
voće sa drveta života -
01:04
and henceстога, in some senseсмисао, obeyingsledim evolutionaryеволуционарни rulesправила?
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i da se stoga, u nekom smislu,
povinuju evolutivnim zakonima?
01:10
And yetјош увек people are interestinglyзанимљиво resistantотпорна
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Ipak, ljudi su, interesantno,
otporni na ideju
01:14
to the ideaидеја of applyingприменом evolutionaryеволуционарни thinkingразмишљање to thinkingразмишљање -- to our thinkingразмишљање.
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o primeni evolutivnog razmišljanja
na razmišljanje - naše razmišljanje.
01:21
And so I'm going to talk a little bitмало about that,
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Tako, danas ću pričati malo o tome,
01:25
keepingчување in mindум that we have a lot on the programпрограм here.
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imajući na umu da ovde imamo
dosta toga na programu.
01:29
So you're out in the woodsšume, or you're out in the pasturepašnjak,
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Dakle, u šumi ste ili na pašnjaku
01:33
and you see this antант crawlingпузање up this bladeBlade of grassтрава.
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i vidite mrava koji puže uz vlat trave.
01:36
It climbsпењу се up to the topврх, and it fallsпада,
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Penje se do vrha i pada,
01:39
and it climbsпењу се, and it fallsпада, and it climbsпењу се --
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penje se i pada, penje se,
01:42
tryingпокушавајући to stayостани at the very topврх of the bladeBlade of grassтрава.
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pokušavajući da ostane na vrhu travke.
01:46
What is this antант doing? What is this in aidпомоћ of?
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Šta ovaj mrav radi? Zarad čega on to radi?
01:51
What goalsциљеве is this antант tryingпокушавајући to achieveпостићи by climbingпењање this bladeBlade of grassтрава?
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Koje ciljeve ovaj mrav pokušava
da dostigne penjući se na ovu vlat trave?
01:58
What's in it for the antант?
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Šta on ima od toga?
02:00
And the answerодговор is: nothing. There's nothing in it for the antант.
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Odgovor je - ništa.
On nema ništa od toga.
02:06
Well then, why is it doing this?
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Pa, onda, zašto on to radi?
02:09
Is it just a flukeFluke?
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Da li je to metilj/slučajno?
02:11
Yeah, it's just a flukeFluke. It's a lancetLancet flukeFluke.
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Da, to je samo metilj. Mali metilj.
02:18
It's a little brainмозак wormцрв.
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To je majušni moždani crv.
02:20
It's a parasiticparazitske brainмозак wormцрв that has to get into the stomachстомак of a sheepовце or a cowкрава
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To je parazitski crv kojii mora da uđe
u stomak ovce ili krave
02:25
in orderнаручи to continueНастави its life cycleциклус.
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da bi nastavio svoj životni ciklus.
02:28
SalmonLosos swimпливај upstreamuzvodno to get to theirњихова spawningmresta groundsоснове,
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Losos pliva uzvodno da bi stigao
do mesta za mrešćenje,
02:33
and lancetLancet flukesperaja commandeerkomandujete a passingпролаз antант,
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a mali metilji napadnu mrava,
02:37
crawlпузи into its brainмозак, and driveпогон it up a bladeBlade of grassтрава like an all-terrainterenskog vehicleвозило.
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dopru mu do mozga i vozaju ga
po travčici kao terensko vozilo.
02:42
So there's nothing in it for the antант.
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Dakle, mrav nema ništa od toga.
02:46
The ant'smrava brainмозак has been hijackedotet by a parasiteпаразит that infectszarazi the brainмозак,
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Parazit koji inficira mozak kidnapovao je
mozak ovog mrava,
02:54
inducingizazivanje suicidalsuicidalna behaviorпонашање.
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izazvavši suicidalno ponašanje.
02:58
Prettylep scaryстрашно.
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Prilično strašno.
03:00
Well, does anything like that happenдесити се with humanљудско beingsбића?
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Pa, da li se išta slično dešava
i sa ljudskim bićima?
03:05
This is all on behalfу име of a causeузрок other than one'sједан је ownвластити geneticгенетски fitnessfitnes, of courseкурс.
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Sve je ovo u interesu uzroka drugačijeg
od nečije genetske spremnosti, naravno.
03:10
Well, it mayможе alreadyвећ have occurredдошло to you
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Možda ste već primetili
da islam znači „predaja"
03:15
that IslamIslam meansзначи "surrenderPredaja," or "submissionpodnošenje of self-interestсамопоштовање to the will of AllahAllah."
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ili „potčinjavanje sopstvenog interesa
volji Alaha".
03:25
Well, it's ideasидеје -- not wormscrvi -- that hijackхијацк our brainsмозга.
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Ideje, a ne crvi, kidnapuju naš mozak.
03:31
Now, am I sayingговорећи that a sizablepoveжe minoritymanjina of the world'sсветске populationпопулација
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Da li kažem da su mozgove
znatne manjine svetske populacije
03:36
has had theirњихова brainмозак hijackedotet by parasiticparazitske ideasидеје?
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kidnapovale parazitske ideje?
03:43
No, it's worseгоре than that.
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Ne, još je gore od toga.
03:45
MostVećina people have.
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Znatna većina je u pitanju.
03:49
(LaughterSmeh)
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(Smeh)
03:53
There are a lot of ideasидеје to dieумрети for.
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Ima mnogo ideja za koje se umire.
03:55
FreedomSloboda, if you're from NewNovi HampshireHampshire.
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Sloboda, ako ste iz Nju Hempšira.
03:58
(LaughterSmeh)
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(Smeh)
04:02
JusticePravda. TruthIstina. CommunismKomunizam.
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Pravda. Istina. Komunizam.
04:06
ManyMnogi people have laidположено down theirњихова livesживи for communismkomunizam,
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Mnogo ljudi je dalo svoje živote
za komunizam,
04:09
and manyмноги have laidположено down theirњихова livesживи for capitalismкапитализам.
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a mnogo ih je dalo i za kapitalizam.
04:12
And manyмноги for CatholicismKatolicizam. And manyмноги for IslamIslam.
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Mnogi su dali živote za katolicizam.
Mnogi za islam.
04:16
These are just a fewнеколико of the ideasидеје that are to dieумрети for.
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Ovo su samo neke od ideja
za koje se umiralo.
04:21
They're infectiousinfektivne.
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One su zarazne.
04:24
YesterdayJuče, AmoryEjmori LovinsLovins spokeговорио је about "infectiousinfektivne repititisrepititis."
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Juče je Emori Lovins govorio
o „zaraznom repititisu".
04:28
It was a termтермина of abuseзлоупотреба, in effectефекат.
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To je pogrdni termin koji se koristi.
04:31
This is unthinkingнесумњиво engineeringинжењеринг.
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To je nepromišljena primena.
04:33
Well, mostнајвише of the culturalкултурно spreadширити that goesиде on
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Veliki deo kulturološkog napretka
koji se nastavlja
04:37
is not brilliantбрилијантно, newново, out-of-the-boxizlaz iz kutije thinkingразмишљање.
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nije sjajno, novo,
nekonvencionalno razmišljanje.
04:41
It's "infectiousinfektivne repetitisrepetitis,"
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To je „zarazni repititis"
04:43
and we mightМожда as well try to have a theoryтеорија of what's going on when that happensсе дешава
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i možemo čak pokušati
da razradimo teoriju o tome
šta će se desiti kada se to dogodi
04:48
so that we can understandРазумем the conditionsуслови of infectionинфекција.
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kako bismo mogli da razumemo uslove
u kojima se zaraza javlja.
04:54
HostsDomaćini work hardтешко to spreadширити these ideasидеје to othersдруги.
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Domaćini naporno rade
na širenju ovih ideja.
05:01
I myselfЈа сам am a philosopherфилозоф, and one of our occupationalprofesionalni hazardsопасности
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Ja sam filozof i jedna od potencijalnih
opasnosti u našoj profesiji je
05:07
is that people askпитати us what the meaningзначење of life is.
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da nas ljudi pitaju koji je smisao života.
05:11
And you have to have a bumperbranik stickerналепница,
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Morate imati jednu od onih
nalepnica za auto, znate.
05:14
you know. You have to have a statementизјава.
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Morate imati izjavu.
05:17
So, this is mineмој.
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Pa, ovo je moja.
05:19
The secretтајна of happinessсрећа is: Find something more importantважно than you are
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Tajna sreće je - nađite nešto što je
važnije od vas samih
05:23
and dedicateпосветити your life to it.
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i posvetite mu svoj život.
05:25
MostVećina of us -- now that the "Me DecadeDeset godina" is well in the pastпрошлост --
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Većina nas - sada kada je
„'ja-sam-centar' decenija" iza nas -
05:29
now we actuallyзаправо do this.
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radi upravo to.
05:31
One setкомплет of ideasидеје or anotherдруги
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Ova ili ona grupa ideja je
05:34
have simplyједноставно replacedзамењен our biologicalбиолошки imperativesимперативи in our ownвластити livesживи.
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jednostavno zamenila biološke imperative
u našim životima.
05:38
This is what our summumsummum bonumbonum is.
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Ovo je naš „summum bonum",
05:41
It's not maximizingUvećavanje the numberброј of grandchildrenунуци we have.
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a ne uvećavanje broja unučića koje imamo.
05:44
Now, this is a profoundдубок biologicalбиолошки effectефекат.
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To je značajna biološka posledica.
05:48
It's the subordinationpodređivanje of geneticгенетски interestинтерес to other interestsинтереса.
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To je podređivanje genetskog uticaja
ostalim uticajima
05:51
And no other speciesврсте does anything at all like it.
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i nijedna druga vrsta ne radi
ništa slično tome.
05:55
Well, how are we going to think about this?
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Pa, kako ćemo da razmišljamo o ovome?
05:57
It is, on the one handруку, a biologicalбиолошки effectефекат, and a very largeвелики one.
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S jedne strane, to je biološki efekat,
i to veoma snažan.
06:01
UnmistakableNepogrešiva.
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Nepogrešiv.
06:03
Now, what theoriesтеорије do we want to use to look at this?
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Koje teorije želimo da koristimo
da bismo ovo objasnili?
06:06
Well, manyмноги theoriesтеорије. But how could something tieкравата them togetherзаједно?
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Pa, mnoge, ali kako ih povezati?
06:09
The ideaидеја of replicatingреплицирање ideasидеје;
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Ideja o umnožavanju ideja;
06:12
ideasидеје that replicateреплицирати by passingпролаз from brainмозак to brainмозак.
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ideje koje se umnožavaju idući
od mozga do mozga.
06:17
RichardRichard DawkinsDawkins, whomкога you'llти ћеш be hearingслух laterкасније in the day, inventedизмишљен the termтермина "memesмемес,"
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Ričard Dokins, o kome ćete čuti
nešto kasnije, uveo je termin „memi"
06:22
and put forwardнапред the first really clearјасно and vividbujne versionверзија of this ideaидеја
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i izneo prvu jasnu i živopisnu verziju
te ideje
06:27
in his bookкњига "The SelfishSebičan GeneGene."
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u svojoj knjizi „Sebični gen".
06:29
Now here am I talkingпричају about his ideaидеја.
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Evo mene, pričam o njegovoj ideji,
06:32
Well, you see, it's not his. Yes -- he startedпочела it.
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ali, vidite, ta ideja nije njegova.
Da - on ju je započeo,
06:38
But it's everybody'sсвима ideaидеја now.
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ali to je sada svačija ideja.
06:41
And he's not responsibleодговоран for what I say about memesмемес.
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On nije odgovoran za ono
što ja kažem o memima.
06:45
I'm responsibleодговоран for what I say about memesмемес.
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Ja sam odgovoran za ono
što kažem o memima.
06:50
ActuallyU stvari, I think we're all responsibleодговоран
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U stvari, mislim da smo svi odgovorni
06:53
for not just the intendedнамењен effectsефекте of our ideasидеје,
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ne samo za namerne posledice svojih ideja,
06:59
but for theirњихова likelyвероватно misusesnekorektne.
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već i za njihovu moguću zloupotrebu.
07:03
So it is importantважно, I think, to RichardRichard, and to me,
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Tako je važno, mislim, Ričardu i meni,
07:07
that these ideasидеје not be abusedзлоупотребљава and misusedzloupotrebljavao.
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da te ideje ne budu zloupotrebljene,
07:11
They're very easyлако to misusezloupotreba. That's why they're dangerousопасно.
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a vrlo ih je lako zloupotrebiti.
Zato su opasne.
07:14
And it's just about a full-timeпуно време jobпосао
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Pravi je posao sa punim radnim vremenom
07:17
tryingпокушавајући to preventспречити people who are scaredуплашен of these ideasидеје
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pokušavati da sprečite ljude
koji se plaše tih ideja
07:20
from caricaturingcaricaturing them and then runningтрчање off to one direkobne purposeсврха or anotherдруги.
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da ih karikiraju, a onda da ih koriste
u loše svrhe.
07:28
So we have to keep pluggingPriključite away,
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Zato moramo da istrajemo,
07:31
tryingпокушавајући to correctтачно the misapprehensionsmisapprehensions
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pokušavajući da ispravimo zablude
07:33
so that only the benignБенигни and usefulкорисно variantsvarijante of our ideasидеје continueНастави to spreadширити.
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tako da samo dobroćudne
i korisne varijante naših ideja
nastave da se šire.
07:41
But it is a problemпроблем.
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To je problem, međutim.
07:45
We don't have much time, and I'm going to go over just a little bitмало of this and cutрез out,
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Nemamo mnogo vremena
pa ću još samo kratko o ovome
07:50
because there's a lot of other things that are going to be said.
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zato što ima još mnogo stvari
koje treba reći.
07:53
So let me just pointтачка out: memesмемес are like virusesвируси.
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Dozvolite samo da zaključim:
memi su kao virusi.
07:58
That's what RichardRichard said, back in '93.
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To je Ričard rekao '93. godine.
08:00
And you mightМожда think, "Well, how can that be?
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Možda ćete pomisliti: „Kako je to moguće?
08:02
I mean, a virusвирус is -- you know, it's stuffствари! What's a memeмеме madeмаде of?"
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Virus je, znate, stvar!
Od čega se sastoji mem?"
08:09
YesterdayJuče, NegroponteNegroponte was talkingпричају about viralvirusna telecommunicationstelekomunikacije
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Negroponte je juče pričao
o viralnim telekomunikacijama
ali - šta je virus?
08:14
but -- what's a virusвирус?
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08:15
A virusвирус is a stringниз of nucleicnukleinske acidкиселина with attitudeстав.
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Virus je niz nukleinske kiseline
sa stavom,
08:19
(LaughterSmeh)
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(Smeh)
08:20
That is, there is something about it
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to jest, ima nečega u vezi sa tim
08:22
that tendsтежи to make it replicateреплицирати better than the competitionконкуренција does.
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što teži da ga umnoži bolje nego
što to radi konkurencija,
08:26
And that's what a memeмеме is. It's an informationинформације packetpaket with attitudeстав.
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a to je i mem -
paket informacija sa stavom.
08:30
What's a memeмеме madeмаде of? What are bitsбита madeмаде of, MomMama?
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Od čega se mem sastoji?
Od čega se bitovi sastoje, mama?
08:36
Not siliconсилицијум.
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Nije silikon.
08:38
They're madeмаде of informationинформације, and can be carriedноси in any physicalфизички mediumсредња.
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Sastoje se od informacija
i mogu biti sadržani
u bilo kom fizičkom medijumu.
08:42
What's a wordреч madeмаде of?
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Od čega se reč sastoji?
08:44
SometimesPonekad when people say, "Do memesмемес existпостоје?"
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Nekada, kad ljudi kažu:
„Da li memi postoje?"
08:49
I say, "Well, do wordsречи existпостоје? Are they in your ontologyontology?"
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kažem: „Pa, da li reči postoje?
Da li su one u vašoj ontologiji?"
08:53
If they are, wordsречи are memesмемес that can be pronouncedizgovara se.
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Ako jesu, reči su memi
koji se mogu izgovoriti.
08:58
Then there's all the other memesмемес that can't be pronouncedizgovara se.
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Postoje i mnogi drugi memi
koji se ne mogu izgovoriti.
09:01
There are differentразличит speciesврсте of memesмемес.
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Onu su drugačija vrsta mema.
09:09
RememberSeti se the ShakersKrem? GiftPoklon to be simpleједноставно?
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Sećate li se sekte šejkera?
Dar za jednostavnost?
09:13
SimpleJednostavna, beautifulЛепа furnitureнамештај?
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Jednostavan, lep nameštaj?
09:16
And, of courseкурс, they're basicallyу основи extinctизумрла now.
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Naravno, sada su praktično nepostojeći,
09:19
And one of the reasonsразлоге is that amongмеђу the creedCreed of Shaker-domShaker-dom
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a jedan od razloga je to
što je za veru šejkera bitno
09:25
is that one should be celibateu celibatu.
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da pripadnici budu u celibatu.
09:27
Not just the priestsсвештеници. EverybodySvi.
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Ne samo sveštenici. Svi.
09:29
Well, it's not so surprisingизненађујуће that they'veони су goneотишла extinctизумрла. (LaughterSmeh)
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Dakle, i nije tako čudno što su nestali,
(Smeh)
09:37
But in factчињеница that's not why they wentотишао extinctизумрла.
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ali zapravo nisu zbog toga iščezli.
09:42
They survivedпреживео as long as they did
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Oni su preživljavali koliko jesu
u vreme kada nisu postojale
društvene bezbednosne mreže.
09:45
at a time when the socialсоцијално safetyбезбедност netsмреже weren'tнису there.
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09:47
And there were lots of widowsudovice and orphansсирочади,
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Bilo je mnogo udovica i siročadi,
09:50
people like that, who neededпотребно a fosterFoster home.
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takvih ljudi, kojima je trebao
hraniteljski dom.
09:53
And so they had a readyспреман supplyснабдевање of convertspretvara.
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Tako su imali spremnu zalihu preobraćenih
09:56
And they could keep it going.
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i mogli su da nastave da postoje.
09:58
And, in principleпринцип, it could'veмогао сам goneотишла on foreverзаувек,
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U principu, to je moglo da potraje večno,
10:00
with perfectсавршен celibacycelibat on the partдео of the hostsдомаћини.
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uz savršeni celibat domaćina.
10:03
The ideaидеја beingбиће passedположио on throughкроз proselytizingzavođenje,
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Ideja se prenosila kroz propovedi
10:08
insteadуместо тога of throughкроз the geneген lineлине.
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umesto kroz genetsku liniju.
Dakle, ideje mogu da žive uprkos činjenici
10:13
So the ideasидеје can liveживи on in spiteиначе of the factчињеница
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da se ne prenose genetski.
10:17
that they're not beingбиће passedположио on geneticallyгенетски.
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Mem može da se razvija
uprkos njenom negativnom uticaju
10:20
A memeмеме can flourishцветају in spiteиначе of havingимати a negativeнегативно impactутицај on geneticгенетски fitnessfitnes.
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na genetsku sposobnost.
Na kraju krajeva, mem vere šejkera je
u biti bio sterilišući parazit.
10:24
After all, the memeмеме for Shaker-domShaker-dom was essentiallyУ суштини a sterilizingza sterilizaciju parasiteпаразит.
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10:33
There are other parasitesParaziti that do this -- whichкоја renderдати, пружити the hostдомаћин sterileстерилно.
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Postoje i drugi paraziti koji rade ovo,
koji čine domaćina sterilnim.
10:40
It's partдео of theirњихова planплан.
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To je deo njihovog plana.
10:42
They don't have to have mindsумови to have a planплан.
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Ne moraju da imaju umove
da bi imali plan.
10:47
I'm just going to drawнацртати your attentionпажњу to just one
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Skrenuću vam pažnju na samo jednu
10:52
of the manyмноги implicationsпоследице of the memeticmimetiиan perspectiveперспектива, whichкоја I recommendпрепоручите.
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od mnogih posledica memske perspektive
koju preporučujem.
11:01
I've not time to go into more of it.
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Nema vremena da dublje zalazim u to.
11:03
In JaredJared Diamond'sDijamant je wonderfulДивно bookкњига, "GunsOružje, GermsKlice and SteelČelik,"
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U sjajnoj knjizi Džereda Dajmonda,
„Oružje, klice i čelik",
11:07
he talksразговоре about how it was germsklice, more than gunsоружје and steelчелик,
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on priča o tome kako su klice,
više nego oružje i čelik,
11:13
that conqueredосвојени the newново hemispherehemisfera -- the WesternZapadni hemispherehemisfera --
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pokorile novu hemisferu,
zapadnu hemisferu,
11:18
that conqueredосвојени the restодмор of the worldсвет.
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koje su pokorile ostatak sveta.
11:20
When EuropeanEvropski explorersистраживачи and travelersputnici spreadширити out,
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Kada su se evropski istraživači
i putnici raširili,
11:27
they broughtдоведен with them the germsklice
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poneli su sa sobom klice
11:29
that they had becomeпостати essentiallyУ суштини immuneимуно to,
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na koje su u suštini postali imuni,
11:32
that they had learnedнаучио how to tolerateтолерисати over
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koje su naučili da tolerišu
tokom stotina i stotina,
hiljada godina
11:35
hundredsстотине and hundredsстотине of yearsгодине, thousandsхиљаде of yearsгодине,
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življenja sa pripitomljenim životinjama
koje su bile izvori ovih patogena,
11:38
of livingживи with domesticateddomaća animalsЖивотиње who were the sourcesизвори of those pathogensпатогене.
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11:43
And they just wipedobrisao out -- these pathogensпатогене just wipedobrisao out the nativeнативе people,
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a oni su samo izbrisali - ovi patogeni su
samo izbrisali starosedeoce
11:48
who had no immunityимунитет to them at all.
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koji nisu bili imuni na njih,
11:51
And we're doing it again.
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a mi to radimo opet.
11:55
We're doing it this time with toxicтоксично ideasидеје.
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Ovoga puta to radimo
sa toksičnim idejama.
12:00
YesterdayJuče, a numberброј of people -- NicholasNikolas NegroponteNegroponte and othersдруги --
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Juče je grupa ljudi
- Nikolas Negroponte i drugi -
12:04
spokeговорио је about all the wonderfulДивно things
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pričala o sjajnim stvarima
12:06
that are happeningдогађај when our ideasидеје get spreadширити out,
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koje se dešavaju kada se ideje rašire,
zahvaljujući celokupnoj novoj tehnologiji
širom sveta
12:09
thanksХвала to all the newново technologyтехнологија all over the worldсвет.
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12:11
And I agreeдоговорити се. It is largelyу великој мери wonderfulДивно. LargelyU velikoj meri wonderfulДивно.
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i ja se slažem - to je većinom sjajno,
12:17
But amongмеђу all those ideasидеје that inevitablyнеизбежно flowток out into the wholeцела worldсвет
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ali, među ovim idejama koje neizbežno
pristižu u celi svet
12:25
thanksХвала to our technologyтехнологија, are a lot of toxicтоксично ideasидеје.
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zahvaljujući našoj tehnologiji,
mnogo je toksičnih ideja.
12:30
Now, this has been realizedреализован for some time.
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Ovo je poznato već neko vreme.
Sajid Kutb je jedan od osnivača
fanatičnog islama,
12:33
SayyidSayyide QutbKutub is one of the foundingоснивање fathersПравеве техничвеве of fanaticalфанатичан IslamIslam,
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12:39
one of the ideologuesideolozi that inspiredинспирирано OsamaOsama binбин LadenLadena.
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jedan od ideologa koji su inspirisali
Osamu bin Ladena.
12:44
"One has only to glanceпоглед at its pressпритисните filmsфилмова, fashionмода showsпоказује, beautyлепота conteststakmičenja,
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„Samo se mora baciti pogled
na štampu, filmove,
modne emisije, izbore za mis, plesne sale,
12:49
ballroomsigranke, wineвино barsбарови and broadcastingemitovanje stationsстанице." MemesMimikom.
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vinske restorane i radio-stanice."
Memi.
12:55
These memesмемес are spreadingширење around the worldсвет
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Ovi memi se šire svetom
12:59
and they are wipingbrisala out wholeцела culturesкултура.
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i brišu čitave kulture.
13:04
They are wipingbrisala out languagesјезике.
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Brišu jezike.
13:06
They are wipingbrisala out traditionsтрадиције and practicesprakse.
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Brišu tradicije i običaje,
13:11
And it's not our faultkrivica, anymoreвише than it's our faultkrivica when our germsklice layЛези wasteгубљење
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a to nije naša greška ništa više
nego kada naše klice unište
13:19
to people that haven'tније developedразвијен the immunityимунитет.
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ljude koji nisu razvili imunitet.
13:22
We have an immunityимунитет to all of the junkђубре that liesлажи around the edgesивице of our cultureкултура.
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Imamo imunitet na svo đubre koje leži
na marginama naše kulture.
13:28
We're a freeбесплатно societyдруштво, so we let pornographypornografija and all these things -- we shrugBolero them off.
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Mi smo slobodno društvo, pa puštamo
pornografiju i sve ove stvari.
Odbacujemo ih.
Oni su kao blaga prehlada.
13:34
They're like a mildблаго coldхладно.
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13:36
They're not a bigвелики dealдоговор for us.
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Nisu velika stvar za nas,
13:38
But we should recognizeпрепознати that for manyмноги people in the worldсвет,
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ali treba da shvatimo da su
za mnoge ljude na svetu
13:42
they are a bigвелики dealдоговор.
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velika stvar
i treba da smo oprezni oko ovoga.
13:46
And we should be very alertупозорење to this.
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Dok širimo svoje obrazovanje
i tehnologiju,
13:49
As we spreadширити our educationобразовање and our technologyтехнологија,
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13:52
one of the things that we are doing is we're the vectorsvektori of memesмемес
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jedna od stvari koje radimo je
da smo vektori mema
14:00
that are correctlyисправно viewedprikazati by the hostsдомаћини of manyмноги other memesмемес
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koje mnogi domaćini mnogih drugih mema
ispravno doživljavaju
14:06
as a direkobne threatпретња to theirњихова favoriteомиљени memesмемес --
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kao žestoku pretnju
njihovim omiljenim memima -
14:09
the memesмемес that they are preparedприпремљен to dieумрети for.
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memima za koje su spremni da daju život.
14:12
Well now, how are we going to tell the good memesмемес from the badлоше memesмемес?
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Pa, kako ćemo razlikovati
dobre od loših mema?
14:16
That is not the jobпосао of the scienceНаука of memeticsmemetics.
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To nije posao memetike kao nauke.
Memetika je moralno neutralna,
a i treba da bude.
14:21
MemeticsMemetics is morallyморално neutralнеутрално. And so it should be.
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14:27
This is not the placeместо for hateмрзим and angerбес.
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To nije mesto za mržnju i bes.
14:31
If you've had a friendпријатељ who'sко је diedумро of AIDSAIDS-A, then you hateмрзим HIVHIV-A.
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Ako ste imali prijatelja koji je
umro od AIDS-a,
onda mrzite HIV virus,
14:36
But the way to dealдоговор with that is to do scienceНаука,
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ali način da se sa tim nosite je
kroz nauku
14:40
and understandРазумем how it spreadsпростире се and why in a morallyморално neutralнеутрално perspectiveперспектива.
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i da razumete kako se širi i zašto
sa moralno neutralne tačke gledišta.
14:47
Get the factsчињенице.
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Sakupite činjenice.
14:49
Work out the implicationsпоследице.
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Razradite posledice.
14:53
There's plentyдоста of roomсоба for moralморално passionстраст onceједном we'veми смо got the factsчињенице
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Ima dovoljno mesta
za moralnu ostrašćenost
kada sakupimo činjenice
14:57
and can figureфигура out the bestнајбоље thing to do.
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i shvatimo najbolji način
da se nosimo sa tim.
14:59
And, as with germsklice, the trickтрик is not to try to annihilateuniљtite them.
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Što se klica tiče, trik nije u pokušaju
da se unište.
15:04
You will never annihilateuniљtite the germsklice.
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Nikada ih nećete uništiti.
15:07
What you can do, howeverМеђутим, is fosterFoster publicјавно healthздравље measuresМере and the like
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Možete, međutim, da podstičete
zdravstvene mere i slične stvari
15:13
that will encourageохрабрити the evolutionеволуција of avirulenceavirulence.
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koje će ohrabriti razvoj protiv zaraze,
15:19
That will encourageохрабрити the spreadширити of relativelyрелативно benignБенигни mutationsмутације
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koje će ohrabriti širenje
relativno benignih mutacija
15:26
of the mostнајвише toxicтоксично varietiesсорте.
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najotrovnijih vrsta.
15:29
That's all the time I have,
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To je celokupno vreme koje imam,
15:32
so thank you very much for your attentionпажњу.
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pa vam se zahvaljujem na pažnji.
Translated by Tijana Mihajlović
Reviewed by Mile Živković

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ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Dan Dennett - Philosopher, cognitive scientist
Dan Dennett thinks that human consciousness and free will are the result of physical processes.

Why you should listen

One of our most important living philosophers, Dan Dennett is best known for his provocative and controversial arguments that human consciousness and free will are the result of physical processes in the brain. He argues that the brain's computational circuitry fools us into thinking we know more than we do, and that what we call consciousness — isn't. His 2003 book "Freedom Evolves" explores how our brains evolved to give us -- and only us -- the kind of freedom that matters, while 2006's "Breaking the Spell" examines belief through the lens of biology.

This mind-shifting perspective on the mind itself has distinguished Dennett's career as a philosopher and cognitive scientist. And while the philosophy community has never quite known what to make of Dennett (he defies easy categorization, and refuses to affiliate himself with accepted schools of thought), his computational approach to understanding the brain has made him, as Edge's John Brockman writes, “the philosopher of choice of the AI community.”

“It's tempting to say that Dennett has never met a robot he didn't like, and that what he likes most about them is that they are philosophical experiments,” Harry Blume wrote in the Atlantic Monthly in 1998. “To the question of whether machines can attain high-order intelligence, Dennett makes this provocative answer: ‘The best reason for believing that robots might some day become conscious is that we human beings are conscious, and we are a sort of robot ourselves.'"

In recent years, Dennett has become outspoken in his atheism, and his 2006 book Breaking the Spell calls for religion to be studied through the scientific lens of evolutionary biology. Dennett regards religion as a natural -- rather than supernatural -- phenomenon, and urges schools to break the taboo against empirical examination of religion. He argues that religion's influence over human behavior is precisely what makes gaining a rational understanding of it so necessary: “If we don't understand religion, we're going to miss our chance to improve the world in the 21st century.”

Dennett's landmark books include The Mind's I, co-edited with Douglas Hofstaedter, Consciousness Explained, and Darwin's Dangerous Idea. Read an excerpt from his 2013 book, Intuition Pumps, in the Guardian >>

More profile about the speaker
Dan Dennett | Speaker | TED.com