TED Talks Education
Angela Lee Duckworth: Grit: The power of passion and perseverance
Anđela Li Dakvort (Angela Lee Duckworth): Ključ uspeha? Borbenost.
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19,500,078 views
Ostavivši ambiciozan posao u konsultovanju, Anđela Li Dakvort počela je da predaje matematiku sedmacima u Njujorku. Ubrzo je shvatila da IQ nije jedina razlika između uspešnih i slabijih učenika. Ovde ona objašnjava svoju teoriju o borbenosti kao naznaci uspeha.
Angela Lee Duckworth - Psychologist
At the University of Pennsylvania, Angela Lee Duckworth studies intangible concepts such as self-control and grit to determine how they might predict both academic and professional success. Full bio
At the University of Pennsylvania, Angela Lee Duckworth studies intangible concepts such as self-control and grit to determine how they might predict both academic and professional success. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:12
When I was 27 years old,
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Kada sam imala 27 godina
00:14
I left a very demanding job in management consulting
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napustila sam zahtevan posao
u poslovnom savetodavstvu
u poslovnom savetodavstvu
00:18
for a job that was even more demanding: teaching.
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i zamenila ga još zahtevnijim -
postala sam učiteljica.
postala sam učiteljica.
00:22
I went to teach seventh graders math
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Počela sam da predajem
matematiku sedmom razredu
matematiku sedmom razredu
00:25
in the New York City public schools.
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u njujorškim državnim školama.
00:27
And like any teacher, I made quizzes and tests.
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I kao svaki drugi nastavnik,
davala sam kvizove i testove.
davala sam kvizove i testove.
00:31
I gave out homework assignments.
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Zadavala sam domaće zadatke.
00:32
When the work came back, I calculated grades.
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Kada bih dobila radove,
ocenila bih ih.
ocenila bih ih.
00:36
What struck me was that I.Q. was not the only difference
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Ono sto me je iznenadilo je
da IQ nije bio jedina razlika
da IQ nije bio jedina razlika
00:41
between my best and my worst students.
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između mojih najboljih i najgorih učenika.
00:44
Some of my strongest performers
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Neki od najboljih
00:47
did not have stratospheric I.Q. scores.
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nisu imali najviši IQ,
00:49
Some of my smartest kids weren't doing so well.
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dok neka od najpametnije dece
nisu dobro napredovala.
nisu dobro napredovala.
00:54
And that got me thinking.
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To me je zamislilo.
00:56
The kinds of things you need to learn in seventh grade math,
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Stvari koje moraju da se uče
u sedmom razredu,
u sedmom razredu,
00:59
sure, they're hard: ratios, decimals,
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naravno, jesu teške:
proporcije, decimale,
proporcije, decimale,
01:02
the area of a parallelogram.
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površina palalelograma.
01:04
But these concepts are not impossible,
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Ali ovi pojmovi nisu nemogući za naučiti
01:07
and I was firmly convinced that every one of my students
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i bila sam čvrsto ubeđena
da bi svaki od mojih učenika
da bi svaki od mojih učenika
01:11
could learn the material
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mogao da savlada gradivo
01:13
if they worked hard and long enough.
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kada bi naporno i dovoljno dugo radio.
01:16
After several more years of teaching,
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Posle još nekoliko godina predavanja,
01:19
I came to the conclusion that what we need in education
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zaključila sam da je ono
što je u obrazovanju potrebno
što je u obrazovanju potrebno
01:22
is a much better understanding of students and learning
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mnogo bolje razumevanje
učenika i procesa učenja
učenika i procesa učenja
01:26
from a motivational perspective,
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iz perspektive motivisanja,
01:28
from a psychological perspective.
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iz perspektive psihologije.
01:31
In education, the one thing we know how to measure best
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U obrazovanju, jedina stvar
koju mi umemo najbolje da izmerimo
koju mi umemo najbolje da izmerimo
01:36
is I.Q., but what if doing well in school and in life
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je IQ, ali šta ako dobar uspeh
u školi i životu
u školi i životu
01:42
depends on much more
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ne zavisi samo
01:44
than your ability to learn quickly and easily?
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od sposobnosti brzog i lakog ućenja?
01:48
So I left the classroom,
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Tako sam napustila učionicu
01:50
and I went to graduate school to become a psychologist.
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i otišla sam na postdiplomske studije
da postanem psiholog.
da postanem psiholog.
01:53
I started studying kids and adults
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Počela sam da posmatram decu i odrasle
01:55
in all kinds of super challenging settings,
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u različitim vrstama otežavajućih uslova
01:58
and in every study my question was,
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i u svim istraživanjima
moje pitanje je bilo
moje pitanje je bilo
02:01
who is successful here and why?
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ko je ovde uspešan i zašto.
02:04
My research team and I went to West Point Military Academy.
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Moj istrazivački tim i ja smo išli
u Vojnu akademiju Vest Point.
u Vojnu akademiju Vest Point.
02:08
We tried to predict which cadets
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Probali smo da predvidimo koji od kadeta
02:10
would stay in military training and which would drop out.
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će ostati na vojnoj obuci,
a koji će odustati.
a koji će odustati.
02:14
We went to the National Spelling Bee
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Išli smo na nacionalno takmičenje
u spelovanju
u spelovanju
02:16
and tried to predict which children would advance
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i probali da predvidimo koja deca će dogurati
02:19
farthest in competition.
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najdalje u takmičenju.
02:21
We studied rookie teachers
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Posmatrali smo nastavnike početnike
02:23
working in really tough neighborhoods, asking
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koji su radili u problematičnim naseljima,
pitajući se
pitajući se
02:26
which teachers are still going to be here in teaching
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koji od njih će nastaviti da rade tu
02:29
by the end of the school year,
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do kraja školske godine,
02:31
and of those, who will be the most effective
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a koji će od tih biti najefikasniji
02:34
at improving learning outcomes for their students?
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u unapređivanju
rezultata učenja svojih đaka.
rezultata učenja svojih đaka.
02:37
We partnered with private companies, asking,
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Udruživali smo se sa privatnim firmama,
pitajući se
pitajući se
02:39
which of these salespeople is going to keep their jobs?
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koji će od tih prodavaca
zadržati svoje poslove
zadržati svoje poslove
02:42
And who's going to earn the most money?
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i koji će zaradjivati najviše novca.
02:44
In all those very different contexts,
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U svakom od ovih različitih konteksta
02:47
one characteristic emerged
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izdvojila se jedna karakteristika
02:49
as a significant predictor of success.
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kao značajan pokazatelj uspeha.
02:52
And it wasn't social intelligence.
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To nije bila društvena inteligencija,
02:54
It wasn't good looks, physical health, and it wasn't I.Q.
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niti dobar izgled, niti fizičko zdravlje,
niti IQ.
niti IQ.
02:59
It was grit.
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To je bila borbenost.
03:01
Grit is passion and perseverance for very long-term goals.
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Borbenost je strast i istrajnost
u dugoročnim ciljevima.
u dugoročnim ciljevima.
03:06
Grit is having stamina.
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Borbenost je izdržljivost.
03:09
Grit is sticking with your future, day in, day out,
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Borbenost je držati se svoje budućnosti,
dan za danom,
dan za danom,
03:13
not just for the week, not just for the month,
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ne samo za nedelju dana,
ne samo za mesec,
ne samo za mesec,
03:16
but for years, and working really hard
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već godinama i naporno raditi
03:20
to make that future a reality.
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da ta budućnost postane realnost.
03:22
Grit is living life like it's a marathon, not a sprint.
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Borbenost je doživljavati život
kao maraton, ne kao sprint.
kao maraton, ne kao sprint.
03:27
A few years ago, I started studying grit
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Pre nekoliko godina,
počela sam da proučavam borbenost
počela sam da proučavam borbenost
03:30
in the Chicago public schools.
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u čikaškim državnim školama.
03:32
I asked thousands of high school juniors
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Zamolila sam hiljade srednjoškolaca
03:35
to take grit questionnaires,
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da popune upitnike o borbenosti
03:37
and then waited around more than a year
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i onda čekala oko godinu dana
03:39
to see who would graduate.
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da vidim ko će maturirati.
03:41
Turns out that grittier kids
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Ispostavilo se da je verovatnije
03:43
were significantly more likely to graduate,
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da ce borbenija deca maturirati,
03:46
even when I matched them on every characteristic I could measure,
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čak i kada sam ih posmatrala u odnosu na svaku osobinu
koju sam mogla da izmerim,
koju sam mogla da izmerim,
03:50
things like family income,
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stvari kao što su porodična primanja,
03:52
standardized achievement test scores,
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rezultati standardizovanih testova znanja,
03:55
even how safe kids felt when they were at school.
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čak i to koliko sigurno su se deca
osećala u školi.
osećala u školi.
03:59
So it's not just at West Point or the National Spelling Bee
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Dakle, borbenost nije bitna
samo u vojnoj akademiji
samo u vojnoj akademiji
04:02
that grit matters. It's also in school,
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ili na takmičenju u spelovanju.
Važna je i u školi,
Važna je i u školi,
04:05
especially for kids at risk for dropping out.
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Pogotovo za decu koja su sklona odustajanju.
04:09
To me, the most shocking thing about grit
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Za mene, najšokantija stvar
u vezi sa borbenošću
u vezi sa borbenošću
04:11
is how little we know,
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je koliko malo toga znamo,
04:14
how little science knows, about building it.
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koliko malo nauka zna
o izgradnji borbenosti.
o izgradnji borbenosti.
04:16
Every day, parents and teachers ask me,
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Svakoga dana, roditelji i nastavnici
me pitaju:
me pitaju:
04:19
"How do I build grit in kids?
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"Kako da probudim borbenost u deci?
04:21
What do I do to teach kids a solid work ethic?
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Šta da uradim da decu naučim
čvrstoj radnoj etici?
čvrstoj radnoj etici?
04:24
How do I keep them motivated for the long run?"
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Kako da im održim motivaciju
na duže staze?"
na duže staze?"
04:27
The honest answer is, I don't know. (Laughter)
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Iskreno, ne znam.
(Smeh)
(Smeh)
04:32
What I do know is that talent doesn't make you gritty.
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Ono što znam je da te talenat
ne čini borbenim.
ne čini borbenim.
04:35
Our data show very clearly
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Naši podaci jasno pokazuju
04:37
that there are many talented individuals
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da ima puno talentovanih pojedinaca
04:39
who simply do not follow through on their commitments.
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koji jednostavno ne istraju
u svojim obavezama.
u svojim obavezama.
04:43
In fact, in our data, grit is usually unrelated
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Zapravo, prema našim podacima,
borbenost nema veze sa talentom
borbenost nema veze sa talentom
04:47
or even inversely related to measures of talent.
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ili mu je čak obrnuto proporcionalna.
04:52
So far, the best idea I've heard about building grit in kids
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Za sada, najbolja ideja koju sam čula
o buđenju borbenosti u deci
o buđenju borbenosti u deci
04:56
is something called "growth mindset."
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je nešto što se zove
''um otvoren za učenje''.
''um otvoren za učenje''.
04:59
This is an idea developed at Stanford University
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Ova ideja potiče sa Univerziteta Stanford
05:01
by Carol Dweck, and it is the belief
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od Kerol Dvek i to je verovanje
05:04
that the ability to learn is not fixed,
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da sposobnost učenja nije nepromenljiva,
05:08
that it can change with your effort.
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već uz trud može da se menja.
05:11
Dr. Dweck has shown that when kids read and learn
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Dr Dvek je pokazala
da kada deca čitaju i uče
da kada deca čitaju i uče
05:14
about the brain and how it changes and grows
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o mozgu i kako se on menja i raste
05:17
in response to challenge,
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kao odgovor na izazov,
05:19
they're much more likely to persevere when they fail,
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veća je verovatnoća da neće odustati
ako odmah ne uspeju,
ako odmah ne uspeju,
05:23
because they don't believe that failure
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jer ne veruju da je taj neuspeh
05:26
is a permanent condition.
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trajno stanje.
05:28
So growth mindset is a great idea for building grit.
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Zato je um otvoren za učenje
dobra ideja za izgradnju borbenosti.
dobra ideja za izgradnju borbenosti.
05:32
But we need more.
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Ali treba nam još nešto.
05:34
And that's where I'm going to end my remarks,
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I tu ću završiti sa svojim zapažanjima,
05:36
because that's where we are.
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jer to je to.
05:37
That's the work that stands before us.
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To je zadatak koji je pred nama.
05:40
We need to take our best ideas, our strongest intuitions,
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Treba da iskoristimo naše najbolje ideje,
našu najjaču intuiciju
našu najjaču intuiciju
05:44
and we need to test them.
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i treba da ih testiramo.
05:46
We need to measure whether we've been successful,
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Treba da ocenimo da li smo bili uspešni,
05:49
and we have to be willing to fail, to be wrong,
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i moramo biti spremni na neuspeh,
na to da ne budemo u pravu,
na to da ne budemo u pravu,
05:52
to start over again with lessons learned.
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na to da počnemo iznova
sa naučenim lekcijama.
sa naučenim lekcijama.
05:55
In other words, we need to be gritty
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Drugim rečima, moramo da budemo borbeni
05:59
about getting our kids grittier.
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u izgradnji borbenosti kod nase dece.
06:02
Thank you.
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Hvala.
06:03
(Applause)
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(Aplauz)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Angela Lee Duckworth - PsychologistAt the University of Pennsylvania, Angela Lee Duckworth studies intangible concepts such as self-control and grit to determine how they might predict both academic and professional success.
Why you should listen
In her late 20s, Angela Lee Duckworth left a demanding job as a management consultant at McKinsey to teach math in public schools in San Francisco, Philadelphia and New York.
After five years of teaching seventh graders, she went back to grad school to complete her Ph.D. in psychology at the University of Pennsylvania, where she is now an assistant professor in the psychology department. Her research subjects include students, West Point cadets, and corporate salespeople, all of whom she studies to determine how "grit" is a better indicator of success than factors such as IQ or family income.
Angela Lee Duckworth | Speaker | TED.com