TEDGlobal 2013
Bernie Krause: The voice of the natural world
Berni Kraus (Bernie Krause): Glas prirode
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Berni Kraus snima zvučno okruženje divljine - vetar u drveću, cvrkut ptica, suptilne zvuke larvi insekata - već 45 godina. Za to vreme je video mnoge radikalne promene u okruženju, prouzrokovane ljudskim faktorom, čak i kada se mislilo da su radovi bezbedni po okolinu. Iznenađujući pogled na to šta možemo naučiti iz simfonije prirode, iz groktanja morske sase, sve do tužnog zova ožalošćenog dabra.
Bernie Krause - Natural sounds expert
Bernie Krause's legendary soundscapes uncover nature’s rich sonic tapestry -- along with some unexpected results. Full bio
Bernie Krause's legendary soundscapes uncover nature’s rich sonic tapestry -- along with some unexpected results. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:14
(Nature sounds)
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(Zvuci prirode)
00:19
When I first began recording wild soundscapes
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Kada sam prvi put počeo da snimam
zvučno okruženje divljine,
zvučno okruženje divljine,
00:22
45 years ago,
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pre 45 godina,
00:24
I had no idea that ants,
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nisam imao pojma da mravi,
00:26
insect larvae, sea anemones and viruses
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larve insekata, morske sase i virusi
00:30
created a sound signature.
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stvaraju zvukovni potpis.
00:32
But they do.
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Ali stvaraju.
00:33
And so does every wild habitat on the planet,
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I to čini svako
divlje stanište na paneti,
divlje stanište na paneti,
00:37
like the Amazon rainforest you're hearing behind me.
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kao što je Amazonska prašuma
koju čujete u pozadini.
koju čujete u pozadini.
00:40
In fact, temperate and tropical rainforests
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U stvari, umerene i tropske prašume
00:44
each produce a vibrant animal orchestra,
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stvaraju treperav životinjski orkestar,
00:47
that instantaneous and organized expression
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trenutno i organizovano izražavanje
00:50
of insects, reptiles, amphibians, birds and mammals.
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insekata, gmizavaca, vodozemaca,
ptica i sisara.
ptica i sisara.
00:55
And every soundscape that springs from a wild habitat
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Svako zvučno okruženje
divljeg staništa
divljeg staništa
00:58
generates its own unique signature,
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ima jedinstvene karakteristike,
01:01
one that contains incredible amounts of information,
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koje sadrže neverovatnu
količinu informacija
količinu informacija
01:04
and it's some of that information I want to share with you today.
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i neke od njih želim
da podelim sa vama danas.
da podelim sa vama danas.
01:09
The soundscape is made up of three basic sources.
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Zvučno okruženje
ima tri osnovna izvora.
ima tri osnovna izvora.
01:12
The first is the geophony,
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Prvi izvor je geofonija
01:14
or the nonbiological sounds that occur
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ili ne-biološki zvuk
koji se javlja
koji se javlja
01:17
in any given habitat,
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u datom staništu,
01:19
like wind in the trees, water in a stream,
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kao što je vetar među drvećem,
voda u potoku,
voda u potoku,
01:21
waves at the ocean shore, movement of the Earth.
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talasi duž morske obale,
kretanje Zemlje.
kretanje Zemlje.
01:25
The second of these is the biophony.
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Drugi izvor je biofonija.
01:28
The biophony is all of the sound
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Biofoniju čine svi zvuci
01:31
that's generated by organisms in a given habitat
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koje proizvode organizmi
u datom staništu
u datom staništu
01:34
at one time and in one place.
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istovremeno i na istom mestu.
01:38
And the third is all of the sound that we humans generate
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Treći izvor čine svi zvuci
koje proizvode ljudi
koje proizvode ljudi
01:43
that's called anthrophony.
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i to se zove antrofonija.
01:44
Some of it is controlled, like music or theater,
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Neki od tih zvukova su kontrolisani,
kao što je muzika, pozorište,
kao što je muzika, pozorište,
01:48
but most of it is chaotic and incoherent,
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ali većina je haotična i nepovezana
01:52
which some of us refer to as noise.
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i to zovemo bukom.
01:55
There was a time when I considered wild soundscapes
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Nekada sam smatrao zvuke divljine
01:58
to be a worthless artifact.
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za beznačajni artefakt.
02:00
They were just there, but they had no significance.
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Jednostavno su postojali,
ali bez nekog značaja.
ali bez nekog značaja.
02:04
Well, I was wrong. What I learned from these encounters
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Međutim, nisam bio u pravu.
Iz susreta sa zvucima shvatio sam
Iz susreta sa zvucima shvatio sam
02:07
was that careful listening gives us incredibly valuable tools
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da njihovo pažljivo slušanje
pruža neprocenjivo oruđe
pruža neprocenjivo oruđe
02:12
by which to evaluate the health of a habitat
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pomoću kojeg možemo proceniti
zdravstveno stanje staništa
zdravstveno stanje staništa
02:15
across the entire spectrum of life.
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kroz čitav spektar života.
02:18
When I began recording in the late '60s,
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Kada sam počeo da snimam
krajem '60-ih godina,
krajem '60-ih godina,
02:22
the typical methods of recording were limited
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tipične metode snimanja
su bile ograničene
su bile ograničene
02:25
to the fragmented capture of individual species
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na delimično snimanje
određenih vrsta,
određenih vrsta,
02:29
like birds mostly, in the beginning,
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u početku uglavnom ptica,
02:33
but later animals like mammals and amphibians.
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a kasnije i sisara i vodozemaca.
02:38
To me, this was a little like trying to understand
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Za mene to je ličilo
na pokušaj da razumem
na pokušaj da razumem
02:42
the magnificence of Beethoven's Fifth Symphony
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veličanstvenost Betovenove
Pete simfonije
Pete simfonije
02:45
by abstracting the sound of a single violin player
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izdvajanjem samo jedne violine
02:48
out of the context of the orchestra
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iz konteksta orkestra
02:50
and hearing just that one part.
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i slušanjem samo tog dela.
02:53
Fortunately, more and more institutions
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Na sreću, sve više institucija
02:56
are implementing the more holistic models
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primenjuje sveobuhvatnije metode
02:58
that I and a few of my colleagues have introduced
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od onih koje smo ja
i nekoliko mojih kolega uveli
i nekoliko mojih kolega uveli
03:01
to the field of soundscape ecology.
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u sferu ekologije zvučnog okruženja.
03:05
When I began recording over four decades ago,
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Kada sam pre četiri decenije
počeo snimanje
počeo snimanje
03:10
I could record for 10 hours
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mogao sam snimati deset sati
03:12
and capture one hour of usable material,
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za jedan sat korisnog materijala,
03:14
good enough for an album or a film soundtrack
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dovoljno dobrog za album
ili filmsku muziku
ili filmsku muziku
03:17
or a museum installation.
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ili muzejsku postavku.
03:20
Now, because of global warming,
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Sada, zbog globalnog zagrevanja,
03:23
resource extraction,
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manjka resursa
03:25
and human noise, among many other factors,
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i ljudske buke,
među mnogim drugim faktorima,
među mnogim drugim faktorima,
03:28
it can take up to 1,000 hours or more
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snimanje iste stvari može potrajati
i do 1000 sati
i do 1000 sati
03:30
to capture the same thing.
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pa i više.
03:33
Fully 50 percent of my archive
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Punih 50 posto moje arhive
03:36
comes from habitats so radically altered
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potiče iz staništa
tako korenito izmenjenih,
tako korenito izmenjenih,
03:39
that they're either altogether silent
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da su ili potpuno tiha
03:42
or can no longer be heard in any of their original form.
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ili se više ne mogu čuti
u originalnoj formi.
u originalnoj formi.
03:47
The usual methods of evaluating a habitat
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Uobičajen način
za procenu staništa
za procenu staništa
03:49
have been done by visually counting the numbers of species
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bio je vizuelno prebrojavanje
određene vrste
određene vrste
03:53
and the numbers of individuals within each species in a given area.
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i brojanje pojedinaca unutar vrste
na datom području.
na datom području.
03:57
However, by comparing data that ties together
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Upoređujući podatke koji povezuju
04:00
both density and diversity from what we hear,
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gustinu i raznolikost
onoga što čujemo,
onoga što čujemo,
04:03
I'm able to arrive at much more precise fitness outcomes.
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mogu da dođem
do preciznijeg rezultata.
do preciznijeg rezultata.
04:09
And I want to show you some examples
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Želim da vam pokažem
nekoliko primera
nekoliko primera
04:11
that typify the possibilities unlocked
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koji ilustruju otvorene mogućnosti,
04:13
by diving into this universe.
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uranjanjem u ovaj univerzum.
04:16
This is Lincoln Meadow.
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Ovo je dolina Linkoln.
04:18
Lincoln Meadow's a three-and-a-half-hour drive
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Ona je na tri i po sata vožnje,
04:20
east of San Francisco in the Sierra Nevada Mountains,
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istočno od San Franciska,
u planinama Sijera Nevade,
u planinama Sijera Nevade,
04:23
at about 2,000 meters altitude,
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na visini od oko 2000 metara
04:25
and I've been recording there for many years.
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i već mnogo godina snimam tamo.
04:28
In 1988, a logging company convinced local residents
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1988., jedna drvna kompanija je ubeđivala
lokalno stanovništvo
lokalno stanovništvo
04:32
that there would be absolutely no environmental impact
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da na okolinu neće nikako uticati
04:35
from a new method they were trying
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nova metoda koju su isprobavali,
04:36
called "selective logging,"
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i koju su nazvali "selektivna seča",
04:38
taking out a tree here and there
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mestimična seča drveća,
04:40
rather than clear-cutting a whole area.
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umesto seče na celom području.
04:43
With permission granted to record
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Uz dozvolu za snimanje
04:45
both before and after the operation,
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pre i posle radova,
04:47
I set up my gear and captured a large number of dawn choruses
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postavio sam opremu i snimio
veliki broj jutarnjih horova
veliki broj jutarnjih horova
04:51
to very strict protocol and calibrated recordings,
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po strogom protokolu
i kalibrisanom snimanju
i kalibrisanom snimanju
04:55
because I wanted a really good baseline.
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jer sam hteo zaista dobru osnovu.
04:57
This is an example of a spectrogram.
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Ovo je jedan primer spektrograma.
04:59
A spectrogram is a graphic illustration of sound
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Spektrogram je grafička ilustracija zvuka
05:02
with time from left to right across the page --
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proteklo vreme je s leva na desno
preko stranice -
preko stranice -
05:05
15 seconds in this case is represented —
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u ovom slučaju predstavljeno je
15 sekundi -
15 sekundi -
05:07
and frequency from the bottom of the page to the top,
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a frekvencija je od dna ka vrhu stranice,
05:10
lowest to highest.
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od najniže frekvencije do najviše.
05:12
And you can see that the signature of a stream
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Vidite da je profil talasa
05:15
is represented here in the bottom third or half of the page,
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predstavljen na donjoj trećini
ili polovini stranice,
ili polovini stranice,
05:19
while birds that were once in that meadow
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dok su ptice, koje su nekad
bile na toj poljani,
bile na toj poljani,
05:23
are represented in the signature across the top.
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predstavljene gore.
05:26
There were a lot of them.
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Bilo ih je mnogo.
05:27
And here's Lincoln Meadow before selective logging.
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Ovo je Linkoln Medou
pre selektivne seče.
pre selektivne seče.
05:30
(Nature sounds)
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(Zvuci prirode)
05:45
Well, a year later I returned,
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Posle godinu dana sam se vratio
05:47
and using the same protocols
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i koristeći iste protokole
05:49
and recording under the same conditions,
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i snimajući pod istim uslovima
05:51
I recorded a number of examples
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snimio sam nekoliko primera
05:54
of the same dawn choruses,
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istih jutarnjih horova
05:56
and now this is what we've got.
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i evo šta imamo.
05:58
This is after selective logging.
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Ovo je posle selektivne seče.
05:59
You can see that the stream is still represented
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Profil talasa je takođe predstavljen
06:01
in the bottom third of the page,
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u donjoj trećini stranice,
06:03
but notice what's missing in the top two thirds.
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ali vidite šta nedostaje
u gornje dve trećine.
u gornje dve trećine.
06:08
(Nature sounds)
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(Zvuci prirode)
06:13
Coming up is the sound of a woodpecker.
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Sada ćete čuti detlića.
06:23
Well, I've returned to Lincoln Meadow 15 times
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Vraćao sam se u dolinu Linkoln
petnaest puta
petnaest puta
06:25
in the last 25 years,
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u poslednjih 25 godina
06:27
and I can tell you that the biophony,
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i mogu vam reći da biofonija,
06:30
the density and diversity of that biophony,
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gustina i raznolikost te biofonije,
06:33
has not yet returned to anything like it was
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ni približno nije
06:36
before the operation.
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onakva kakva je bila pre radova.
06:38
But here's a picture of Lincoln Meadow taken after,
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Ali evo slike doline posle seče
06:41
and you can see that from the perspective of the camera
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i vidite, iz perspektive fotoaparata
06:44
or the human eye,
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ili ljudskog oka,
06:46
hardly a stick or a tree appears to be out of place,
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kao da nijedan prutić
ili drvo ne nedostaju,
ili drvo ne nedostaju,
06:48
which would confirm the logging company's contention
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što potvrđuje tvrdnju kompanije
06:51
that there's nothing of environmental impact.
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da nema uticaja na okolinu.
06:54
However, our ears tell us a very different story.
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Međutim, naše uši govore drugačije.
07:00
Young students are always asking me
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Mladi studenti me uvek pitaju
07:02
what these animals are saying,
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šta govore ove životinje,
07:04
and really I've got no idea.
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a ja zaista nemam pojma.
07:08
But I can tell you that they do express themselves.
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Ali mogu vam reći
da one izražavaju sebe.
da one izražavaju sebe.
07:14
Whether or not we understand it is a different story.
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Razumemo li mi to ili ne,
to je već druga priča.
to je već druga priča.
07:17
I was walking along the shore in Alaska,
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Šetao sam obalom na Aljasci
07:19
and I came across this tide pool
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i naišao sam na lokvu od plime,
07:21
filled with a colony of sea anemones,
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ispunjenu kolonijom morskih sasa,
07:24
these wonderful eating machines,
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divnih mašina za uništavanje hrane
07:27
relatives of coral and jellyfish.
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koje su rođaci koralima i meduzama.
07:29
And curious to see if any of them made any noise,
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Zbog znatiželje da čujem
da li proizvode zvuk,
da li proizvode zvuk,
07:32
I dropped a hydrophone,
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spustio sam hidrofon,
07:33
an underwater microphone covered in rubber,
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podvodni mikrofon presvučen gumom,
07:36
down the mouth part,
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niz deo gde su usta
07:37
and immediately the critter began
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i stvorenje je odmah počelo
07:39
to absorb the microphone into its belly,
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da uvlači mikrofon u svoj stomak,
07:41
and the tentacles were searching out of the surface
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a pipci su pretraživali površinu
07:44
for something of nutritional value.
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u potrazi za nečim hranljivim.
07:46
The static-like sounds that are very low,
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Odmah ćete čuti
07:49
that you're going to hear right now.
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statičke zvuke, vrlo duboke.
07:51
(Static sounds)
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(Statički zvuci)
07:55
Yeah, but watch. When it didn't find anything to eat --
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Ali pazite sad.
Pošto nije našla ništa za jelo -
Pošto nije našla ništa za jelo -
07:58
(Honking sound)
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(Trubeći zvuk)
07:59
(Laughter)
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(Smeh)
08:02
I think that's an expression that can be understood
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Mislim da se ovaj izraz razume
08:04
in any language.
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na svakom jeziku.
08:06
(Laughter)
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(Smeh)
08:11
At the end of its breeding cycle,
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Završetkom ciklusa razmnožavanja
08:12
the Great Basin Spadefoot toad
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žaba krastača u Velikom basenu
08:15
digs itself down about a meter under
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zakopava se do metar dubine
08:17
the hard-panned desert soil of the American West,
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ispod tvrdog pustinjskog tla
na američkom Zapadu,
na američkom Zapadu,
08:20
where it can stay for many seasons
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gde može ostati i više sezona
08:22
until conditions are just right for it to emerge again.
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dok se ponovo ne steknu uslovi
za njeno ponovno pojavljivanje.
za njeno ponovno pojavljivanje.
08:25
And when there's enough moisture in the soil
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Kada u proleće
ima dovoljno vlage u tlu,
ima dovoljno vlage u tlu,
08:27
in the spring, frogs will dig themselves to the surface
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žabe će se dokopati površine
08:30
and gather around these large, vernal pools
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i okupljati se u velikom broju
oko ovih velikih,
oko ovih velikih,
08:34
in great numbers.
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prolećnih bara.
08:36
And they vocalize in a chorus
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Oglašavaju se u horu
08:40
that's absolutely in sync with one another.
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koji je apsolutno sinhronizovan.
08:43
And they do that for two reasons.
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Ovo čine iz dva razloga.
08:44
The first is competitive, because they're looking for mates,
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Prvi je takmičarski,
jer traže sebi parove,
jer traže sebi parove,
08:48
and the second is cooperative,
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a drugi razlog je saradnja
08:49
because if they're all vocalizing in sync together,
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jer ako se sinhronizovano oglašavaju,
08:52
it makes it really difficult for predators like coyotes,
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stvoriće poteškoću predatorima
kao što su kojoti,
kao što su kojoti,
08:56
foxes and owls to single out any individual for a meal.
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lisice i sove,
koje bi izdvojile pojedinca za obrok.
koje bi izdvojile pojedinca za obrok.
09:00
This is a spectrogram of what the frog chorusing looks like
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Ovako izgleda spektrogram
žabljeg hora
žabljeg hora
09:03
when it's in a very healthy pattern.
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kada je sve u redu.
09:06
(Frogs croaking)
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(Kreketanje žaba)
09:16
Mono Lake is just to the east of Yosemite National Park
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Jezero Mono je istočno
od Nacionalnog parka Jousemiti
od Nacionalnog parka Jousemiti
09:20
in California,
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u Kaliforniji
09:21
and it's a favorite habitat of these toads,
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i omiljeno je stanište ovim žabama,
09:24
and it's also favored by U.S. Navy jet pilots,
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kao i pilotima avijacije SAD,
09:27
who train in their fighters flying them at speeds
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koji treniraju borbene letelice brzinom
09:30
exceeding 1,100 kilometers an hour
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koja prelazi 1100 kilometara na čas,
09:33
and altitudes only a couple hundred meters
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na visini od samo nekoliko stotina metara
09:35
above ground level of the Mono Basin,
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iznad površine basena Mono,
09:38
very fast, very low, and so loud
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vrlo brzo, vrlo nisko i vrlo glasno.
09:42
that the anthrophony, the human noise,
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Antropofonija, buka koja potiče od ljudi,
09:45
even though it's six and a half kilometers
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čak iako je šest i po kilometara
09:46
from the frog pond you just heard a second ago,
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od bare sa žabama
koje ste malopre čuli,
koje ste malopre čuli,
09:49
it masked the sound of the chorusing toads.
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prikrila je zvuk žabljeg hora.
09:53
You can see in this spectrogram that all of the energy
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Vidite na ovom spektrogramu
da je polovina energije
da je polovina energije
09:56
that was once in the first spectrogram is gone
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sa prvog spekrtograma nestala
09:59
from the top end of the spectrogram,
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sa vrha spektrograma
10:01
and that there's breaks in the chorusing at two and a half,
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i postoje pauze u pevanju na dve i po,
10:03
four and a half, and six and a half seconds,
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četiri i po i na šest i po sekundi,
10:06
and then the sound of the jet, the signature,
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a zvuk mlaznjaka
10:09
is in yellow at the very bottom of the page.
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prikazan je žutom bojom
na samom dnu stranice.
na samom dnu stranice.
10:11
(Frogs croaking)
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(Kreketanje žaba)
10:21
Now at the end of that flyby,
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Posle preleta
10:23
it took the frogs fully 45 minutes
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žabama je trebalo punih 45 minuta
10:27
to regain their chorusing synchronicity,
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da se ponovo sinhronizuju,
10:29
during which time, and under a full moon,
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a za to vreme,
pod sjajem punog meseca,
pod sjajem punog meseca,
10:32
we watched as two coyotes and a great horned owl
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gledali smo kako dva kojota
i velika rogata sova
i velika rogata sova
10:35
came in to pick off a few of their numbers.
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nailaze, da bi zgrabili nekoliko žaba.
10:38
The good news is that, with a little bit of habitat restoration
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Dobra je vest,
da se stanište malo oporavilo
da se stanište malo oporavilo
10:42
and fewer flights, the frog populations,
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i proredili su se letovi,
pa se populacija žaba,
pa se populacija žaba,
10:44
once diminishing during the 1980s and early '90s,
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koja je '80-ih i početkom '90-ih
bila u smanjenju
bila u smanjenju
10:48
have pretty much returned to normal.
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prilično povratila.
10:52
I want to end with a story told by a beaver.
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Hteo bih da završim izlaganje pričom
koju je ispričao jedan dabar.
koju je ispričao jedan dabar.
10:55
It's a very sad story,
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Veoma je tužna priča,
10:56
but it really illustrates how animals
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ali zaista ilustruje kako životinje
11:00
can sometimes show emotion,
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umeju ponekad da pokažu osećanja,
11:02
a very controversial subject among some older biologists.
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što je veoma kontroverzna tema
među starijim biolozima.
među starijim biolozima.
11:07
A colleague of mine was recording in the American Midwest
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Jedan moj kolega je snimao
na američkom
na američkom
11:10
around this pond that had been formed
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Srednjem Zapadu,
oko ovog jezera koje se formiralo
oko ovog jezera koje se formiralo
11:12
maybe 16,000 years ago at the end of the last ice age.
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možda pre 16 000 godina,
krajem poslednjeg ledenog doba.
krajem poslednjeg ledenog doba.
11:16
It was also formed in part by a beaver dam
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Ono se delom formiralo
i uz pomoć dabrove brane
i uz pomoć dabrove brane
11:18
at one end that held that whole ecosystem together
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na jednom kraju,
koji je držao ceo ekosistem zajedno
koji je držao ceo ekosistem zajedno
11:21
in a very delicate balance.
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u veoma nežnoj ravnoteži.
11:24
And one afternoon, while he was recording,
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Jednog popodneva
dok je moj prijatelj snimao,
dok je moj prijatelj snimao,
11:28
there suddenly appeared from out of nowhere
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iznenada i niotkuda su se pojavila
11:32
a couple of game wardens,
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dva lovočuvara,
11:34
who for no apparent reason,
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koji su bez nekog vidljivog razloga
11:36
walked over to the beaver dam,
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otišli do dabrove brane,
11:37
dropped a stick of dynamite down it, blowing it up,
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ubacili štapić dinamita
i razneli branu,
i razneli branu,
11:41
killing the female and her young babies.
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ubivši ženku i mladunce.
11:45
Horrified, my colleagues remained behind
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Užasnut, moj kolega je zastao
11:47
to gather his thoughts
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da sabere misli
11:50
and to record whatever he could the rest of the afternoon,
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i da snimi šta god može,
tokom ostatka dana
tokom ostatka dana
11:53
and that evening, he captured a remarkable event:
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i te večeri snimio je izuzetan događaj:
11:58
the lone surviving male beaver swimming in slow circles
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usamljeni mužjak dabra
plivao je u sporim krugovima,
plivao je u sporim krugovima,
12:02
crying out inconsolably for its lost mate and offspring.
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neutešno plačući za izgubljenim
partnerom i potomstvom.
partnerom i potomstvom.
12:08
This is probably the saddest sound
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Ovo je verovatno najtužniji zvuk
12:11
I've ever heard coming from any organism,
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koji sam ikada čuo od bilo kog bića,
12:14
human or other.
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ljudskog ili nekog drugog.
12:18
(Beaver crying)
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(Plač dabra)
12:34
Yeah. Well.
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No, dobro.
12:35
There are many facets to soundscapes,
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Postoji mnogo aspekata za
praćenje zvukovnog okruženja
praćenje zvukovnog okruženja
12:38
among them the ways in which animals taught us to dance and sing,
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među njima su i načini na koji su nas
životinje učile da igramo i pevamo,
životinje učile da igramo i pevamo,
12:41
which I'll save for another time.
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ali to ću sačuvati za neki drug put.
12:44
But you have heard how biophonies
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Saznali ste kako biofonija pomaže
12:47
help clarify our understanding of the natural world.
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da razjasnimo naše razumevanje
sveta prirode.
sveta prirode.
12:51
You've heard the impact of resource extraction,
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Čuli ste uticaj smanjivanja resursa,
12:53
human noise and habitat destruction.
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buke koju prizvode ljudi
i uništavanje staništa.
i uništavanje staništa.
12:56
And where environmental sciences have typically
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I dok nauka o zaštiti okoline
12:58
tried to understand the world from what we see,
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pokušava da razume svet
pomoću onoga što vidi,
pomoću onoga što vidi,
13:02
a much fuller understanding can be got from what we hear.
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potpunije razumevanje možemo dobiti
iz onoga što čujemo.
iz onoga što čujemo.
13:06
Biophonies and geophonies are the signature voices
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Biofonija i geofonija
su karakteristični zvuci
su karakteristični zvuci
13:10
of the natural world,
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sveta prirode
13:12
and as we hear them,
250
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i dok ih slušamo,
13:13
we're endowed with a sense of place,
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podareni smo osećajem za mesto,
13:16
the true story of the world we live in.
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a to je istinita priča
o svetu u kojem živimo.
o svetu u kojem živimo.
13:19
In a matter of seconds,
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U jednoj sekundi
13:21
a soundscape reveals much more information
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zvuk nam otkriva više informacija,
13:24
from many perspectives,
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iz mnogo perspektiva,
13:26
from quantifiable data to cultural inspiration.
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od merljivih podataka
do kulturnog nadahnuća.
do kulturnog nadahnuća.
13:30
Visual capture implicitly frames
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Vizuelno snimanje posredno uokviruje
13:33
a limited frontal perspective of a given spatial context,
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ograničenu frontalnu perspektivu nekog datog
prostornog konteksta,
prostornog konteksta,
13:37
while soundscapes widen that scope
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dok zvuk proširuje taj opseg
13:39
to a full 360 degrees, completely enveloping us.
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za 360 stepeni i potpuno nas obuhvata.
13:45
And while a picture may be worth 1,000 words,
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Ako slika vredi hiljadu reči,
13:48
a soundscape is worth 1,000 pictures.
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onda zvuk vredi hiljadu slika.
13:53
And our ears tell us
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Uši nam govore
13:55
that the whisper of every leaf and creature
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da se šapat svakog lista ili stvorenja
13:59
speaks to the natural sources of our lives,
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obraća prirodnom izvoru naših života,
14:02
which indeed may hold the secrets of love for all things,
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koji zaista može posedovati tajnu ljubavi
prema svim stvarima,
prema svim stvarima,
14:07
especially our own humanity,
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naročito prema ljudskom rodu,
14:09
and the last word goes to a jaguar from the Amazon.
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a poslednje reči prepuštam
jaguaru iz Amazona.
jaguaru iz Amazona.
14:15
(Growling)
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(Rika)
14:29
Thank you for listening.
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Hvala vam što ste slušali.
14:31
(Applause)
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(Aplauz)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Bernie Krause - Natural sounds expertBernie Krause's legendary soundscapes uncover nature’s rich sonic tapestry -- along with some unexpected results.
Why you should listen
With a stellar electronic music resumé including work with The Byrds, Stevie Wonder and many others, Bernie Krause is assured a place in the pop culture canon. But Krause continues to make history by capturing the fading voices of nature: studying sonic interplay between species as they attract mates, hunt prey, and sound out their roles in the ecosystem.
Krause’s recordings are not merely travelogues or relaxation tools -- they are critical barometers of global environmental health. His documents of vanishing aural habitats are a chilling reminder of shrinking biodiversity. As he tells the Guardian: "The fragile weave of natural sound is being torn apart by our seemingly boundless need to conquer the environment rather than to find a way to abide in consonance with it."
Bernie Krause | Speaker | TED.com