TEDCity2.0
Iwan Baan: Ingenious homes in unexpected places
Ivan Ban (Iwan Baan): Genijalni domovi na neočekivanim mestima
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U centru Karakasa u Venecueli stoji 45-spratni "Davidov toranj", nedovršeni, napušteni neboder. Ali pre osam godina, ljudi su počeli da se doseljavaju. Fotograf Ivan Ban pokazuje kako ljudi grade domove na neočekivanim mestima, vodeći nas kroz porodične stanove Tore Davida, grada na vodi u Nigeriji, i podzemnog sela u Kini. Slavne fotografije slave sposobnost ljudi da prežive i izgrade dom - bilo gde.
Iwan Baan - Urban documentarian
Photographer Iwan Baan captures the many ways people shape their shared built environment -- from glossy starchitecture to handmade homes. Full bio
Photographer Iwan Baan captures the many ways people shape their shared built environment -- from glossy starchitecture to handmade homes. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:12
Throughout my career, I've been fortunate enough
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Kroz moju karijeru,
imao sam sreću
imao sam sreću
00:15
to work with many of the great
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da radim sa mnogim sjajnim
00:16
international architects,
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svetskim arhitektima,
00:18
documenting their work and observing
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dokumentujem njihov rad
i posmatram
i posmatram
00:20
how their designs have the capacity
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kako njihovi projekti
imaju kapacitet
imaju kapacitet
00:22
to influence the cities in which they sit.
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da utiču na gradove
u kojima se nalaze.
u kojima se nalaze.
00:25
I think of new cities like Dubai
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Mislim na nove gradove
kao što je Dubai,
kao što je Dubai,
00:28
or ancient cities like Rome
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ili na drevne
kao što je Rim
kao što je Rim
00:31
with Zaha Hadid's incredible MAXXI museum,
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sa neverovatnim MAXXI
muzejom Zahe Hadid,
muzejom Zahe Hadid,
00:34
or like right here in New York with the High Line,
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ili kao ovde u Njujorku
sa Haj Lajnom,
sa Haj Lajnom,
00:37
a city which has been so much influenced
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gde je na grad mnogo uticala
00:39
by the development of this.
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izgradnja ovog projekta.
00:41
But what I find really fascinating
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Ali ono što je
za mene fascinantno
za mene fascinantno
00:43
is what happens when architects and planners leave
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je šta se dešava kada
arhitekte i planeri odu
arhitekte i planeri odu
00:46
and these places become appropriated by people,
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i ova mesta
zauzmu ljudi,
zauzmu ljudi,
00:49
like here in Chandigarh, India,
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kao ovde u Čandigaru
u Indiji,
u Indiji,
00:52
the city which has been completely designed
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u gradu koji je
u potpunosti projektovao
u potpunosti projektovao
00:54
by the architect Le Corbusier.
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arhitekta Le Korbizje.
00:56
Now 60 years later, the city has been taken over
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Sada, 60 godina kasnije,
grad su preuzeli ljudi
grad su preuzeli ljudi
00:59
by people in very different ways
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na veoma različite načine
01:01
from whatever perhaps intended for,
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u odnosu na ono što je,
možda bila namera,
možda bila namera,
01:04
like here, where you have the people
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kao ovde, gde imate ljude
01:06
sitting in the windows of the assembly hall.
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koji sede na prozorima
zgrade skupštine.
zgrade skupštine.
01:09
But over the course of several years,
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Tokom nekoliko godina
01:11
I've been documenting Rem Koolhaas's
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sam dokumentovao
zgradu Rema Kolhasa,
zgradu Rema Kolhasa,
01:14
CCTV building in Beijing
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CCTV u Pekingu,
01:16
and the olympic stadium in the same city
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i olimpijski stadion
u istom gradu
u istom gradu
01:19
by the architects Herzog and de Meuron.
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arhitekata Hercoga
i de Merona.
i de Merona.
01:22
At these large-scale construction sites in China,
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Na ovim velikim
gradilištima u Kini,
gradilištima u Kini,
01:25
you see a sort of makeshift camp
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vidite neku vrstu
improvizovanog kampa
improvizovanog kampa
01:27
where workers live during the entire building process.
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gde radnici žive tokom
celog procesa gradnje.
celog procesa gradnje.
01:32
As the length of the construction takes years,
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S obzirom da gradnja
traje nekoliko godina,
traje nekoliko godina,
01:34
workers end up forming a rather rough-and-ready
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radnici formiraju
prilično efikasan
prilično efikasan
01:37
informal city, making for quite a juxtaposition
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neformalan grad,
čineći jukstapoziciju
čineći jukstapoziciju
01:40
against the sophisticated structures that they're building.
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naspram sofisticiranih
struktura koje grade.
struktura koje grade.
01:44
Over the past seven years, I've been following
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Tokom poslednjih sedam
godina sledio sam
godina sledio sam
01:46
my fascination with the built environment,
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svoju opsednutost
izgrađenom sredinom,
izgrađenom sredinom,
01:48
and for those of you who know me, you would say
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i oni među vama
koji me poznaju, rekli bi
koji me poznaju, rekli bi
01:51
that this obsession has led me to live
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da me je ova opsesija
dovela do života
dovela do života
01:53
out of a suitcase 365 days a year.
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sa koferom 365
dana u godini.
dana u godini.
01:57
Being constantly on the move
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Pošto sam konstantno
u pokretu,
u pokretu,
01:59
means that sometimes I am able
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ponekad sam u prilici
02:01
to catch life's most unpredictable moments,
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da uhvatim veoma
nepredvidive trenutke,
nepredvidive trenutke,
02:04
like here in New York
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kao ovde u Njujorku
02:06
the day after the Sandy storm hit the city.
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dan nakon što je oluja
Sendi pogodila grad.
Sendi pogodila grad.
02:10
Just over three years ago,
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Pre tri godine,
02:13
I was for the first time in Caracas, Venezuela,
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prvi put sam bio u
Karakasu u Venecueli,
Karakasu u Venecueli,
02:15
and while flying over the city, I was just amazed
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i dok sam leteo preko grada,
zapanjio me je
zapanjio me je
02:18
by the extent to which the slums
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obim u kojem straćare
02:20
reach into every corner of the city,
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dosežu u svaki
ugao grada,
ugao grada,
02:22
a place where nearly 70 percent of the population
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mesto gde gotovo
70 posto populacije
70 posto populacije
02:25
lives in slums,
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živi u straćarama
02:27
draped literally all over the mountains.
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koje prekrivaju cele planine.
02:30
During a conversation with local architects Urban-Think Tank,
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Tokom razgovora sa lokalnim
arhitektima, Urban tink tenk,
arhitektima, Urban tink tenk,
02:33
I learned about the Torre David,
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čuo sam za Tore David,
02:36
a 45-story office building which sits
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45-spratnu poslovnu zgradu
koja se nalazi
koja se nalazi
02:38
right in the center of Caracas.
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u samom centru
Karakasa.
Karakasa.
02:40
The building was under construction
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Zgrada je bila
pod izgradnjom
pod izgradnjom
02:42
until the collapse of the Venezuelan economy
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do kolapsa venecuelanske ekonomije
02:44
and the death of the developer in the early '90s.
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i smrti njenog graditelja
u ranim '90-im.
u ranim '90-im.
02:48
About eight years ago, people started moving
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Pre otprilike osam godina,
ljudi su počeli
ljudi su počeli
02:51
into the abandoned tower
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da se doseljavaju u
napušteni toranj,
napušteni toranj,
02:53
and began to build their homes right in between
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i počeli da grade
svoje domove među
svoje domove među
02:55
every column of this unfinished tower.
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stubovima ovog
nedovršenog tornja.
nedovršenog tornja.
02:58
There's only one little entrance to the entire building,
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Postoji samo jedan mali
ulaz u celu zgradu,
ulaz u celu zgradu,
03:01
and the 3,000 residents come in and out
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i 3000 stanara
ulazi i izlazi
ulazi i izlazi
03:04
through that single door.
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kroz ova jedna vrata.
03:06
Together, the inhabitants created public spaces
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Zajedno, stanari su
stvorili javne prostore
stvorili javne prostore
03:09
and designed them to feel more like a home
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i kreirali ih da podsećaju
više na dom,
više na dom,
03:11
and less like an unfinished tower.
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a manje na
nedovršen toranj.
nedovršen toranj.
03:13
In the lobby, they painted the walls and planted trees.
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U ulazu su obojili zidove
i zasadili drveće.
i zasadili drveće.
03:17
They also made a basketball court.
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Napravili su i
košarkaški teren.
košarkaški teren.
03:20
But when you look up closely,
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Ali kada pažljivo pogledate,
03:22
you see massive holes where elevators
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vidite velike šupljine
kroz koje bi liftovi
kroz koje bi liftovi
03:24
and services would have run through.
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i servisi trebalo
da prolaze.
da prolaze.
03:27
Within the tower, people have come up
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Unutar tornja,
ljudi su pronašli
ljudi su pronašli
03:29
with all sorts of solutions
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razna rešenja
03:31
in response to the various needs
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kao odgovor na razne potrebe
03:33
which arise from living in an unfinished tower.
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koje nastaju u životu
u nedovršenom tornju.
u nedovršenom tornju.
03:36
With no elevators,
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Bez liftova,
03:38
the tower is like a 45-story walkup.
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toranj je kao
45-spratno stepenište.
45-spratno stepenište.
03:41
Designed in very specific ways
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Projektovan je na veoma
specifičan način
specifičan način
03:43
by this group of people
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od strane grupe ljudi
03:45
who haven't had any education in architecture or design.
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koji nisu obrazovani
u arhitekturi ili dizajnu.
u arhitekturi ili dizajnu.
03:49
And with each inhabitant finding their own
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I pošto svaki stanar
ima svoj
ima svoj
03:51
unique way of coming by,
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jedinstven način zarađivanja za život,
03:53
this tower becomes like a living city,
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ovaj toranj postaje
kao živi grad,
kao živi grad,
03:56
a place which is alive with micro-economies
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mesto koje vrvi od mikro-ekonomija
03:59
and small businesses.
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i malih firmi.
04:01
The inventive inhabitants, for instance,
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Inovativni stanari,
na primer,
na primer,
04:03
find opportunities in the most unexpected cases,
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vide prilike u najmanje
očekivanim slučajevima,
očekivanim slučajevima,
04:06
like the adjacent parking garage,
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kao što je susedna
parking garaža,
parking garaža,
04:08
which has been reclaimed as a taxi route
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koja je proglašena
taksi rutom
taksi rutom
04:10
to shuttle the inhabitants up through the ramps
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koja prevozi stanare
preko rampi
preko rampi
04:13
in order to shorten the hike
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da bi se skratilo pešačenje
04:14
up to the apartments.
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gore do stanova.
04:18
A walk through the tower
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Šetnja kroz toranj
04:20
reveals how residents have figured out
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otkriva kako su
stanari shvatili
stanari shvatili
04:22
how to create walls, how to make an air flow,
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kako da grade zidove,
kako da naprave protok vazduha
kako da naprave protok vazduha
04:26
how to create transparency,
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kako da postignu providnost,
04:28
circulation throughout the tower,
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cirkulaciju kroz celi toranj,
04:30
essentially creating a home
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u suštini stvarajući dom
04:32
that's completely adapted
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koji je potpuno prilagođen
04:34
to the conditions of the site.
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uslovima lokacije.
04:37
When a new inhabitant moves into the tower,
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Kada se novi stanari
dosele u toranj,
dosele u toranj,
04:39
they already have a roof over their head,
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oni već imaju
krov nad glavama,
krov nad glavama,
04:41
so they just typically mark their space
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tako da oni obično samo
obeleže svoj prostor
obeleže svoj prostor
04:43
with a few curtains or sheets.
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sa nekoliko zavesa ili plahti.
04:46
Slowly, from found materials, walls rise,
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Polako, od materijala koje
oni pronađu, zidovi rastu,
oni pronađu, zidovi rastu,
04:49
and people create a space out of any found objects
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i ljudi stvaraju prostor
od bilo kojih nađenih objekata
od bilo kojih nađenih objekata
04:52
or materials.
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ili materijala.
04:54
It's remarkable to see the design decisions
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Izvanredno je videti
dizajnerske odluke
dizajnerske odluke
04:56
that they're making,
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koje oni donose,
04:58
like when everything is made out of red bricks,
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kao kad je sve napravljeno
od crvenih opeka,
od crvenih opeka,
05:01
some residents will cover that red brick
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neki stanari će prekriti
tu crvenu opeku
tu crvenu opeku
05:03
with another layer of red brick-patterned wallpaper
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slojem tapeta sa uzorkom crvene opeke
05:07
just to make it a kind of clean finish.
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samo da bi napravili
otprilike čist završni sloj.
otprilike čist završni sloj.
05:12
The inhabitants literally built up these homes
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Stanari bukvalno
grade ove domove
grade ove domove
05:14
with their own hands, and this labor of love
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svojim rukama,
i taj rad s ljubavlju
i taj rad s ljubavlju
05:16
instills a great sense of pride
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uliva sjajan osećaj ponosa
05:18
in many families living in this tower.
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mnogim porodicama
u ovom tornju.
u ovom tornju.
05:21
They typically make the best out of their conditions,
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Oni naprave najbolje
u svojim uslovima,
u svojim uslovima,
05:24
and try to make their spaces look nice and homey,
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i trude se da im prostori
izgledaju lepo i nalik domu,
izgledaju lepo i nalik domu,
05:27
or at least up until as far as they can reach.
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ili bar najbolje
što mogu postići.
što mogu postići.
05:31
Throughout the tower, you come across
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Kroz toranj nailazite na
05:34
all kinds of services, like the barber,
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sve vrste usluga,
kao što je frizer,
kao što je frizer,
05:36
small factories, and every floor has
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male fabrike,
i svaki sprat ima
i svaki sprat ima
05:40
a little grocery store or shop.
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malu prodavnicu.
05:43
And you even find a church.
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Imaju čak i crkvu.
05:46
And on the 30th floor, there is a gym
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A na 30. spratu je teretana
05:48
where all the weights and barbells
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gde su svi tegovi i šipke
05:50
are made out of the leftover pulleys
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napravljeni od preostalih
remenica
remenica
05:52
from the elevators which were never installed.
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za liftove koji
nikad nisu ugrađeni.
nikad nisu ugrađeni.
05:55
From the outside, behind this always-changing facade,
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Izvana, iza fasade
koja se stalno menja,
koja se stalno menja,
05:58
you see how the fixed concrete beams
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vidite kako fiksirane
betonske grede
betonske grede
05:59
provide a framework for the inhabitants
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pružaju okvir stanarima,
06:01
to create their homes
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za izgradnju njihovih domova
06:03
in an organic, intuitive way
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na organski, intuitivan način
06:04
that responds directly to their needs.
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koji odgovara direktno
njihovim potrebama.
njihovim potrebama.
06:07
Let's go now to Africa, to Nigeria,
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Hajdemo sada u Afriku,
do Nigerije,
do Nigerije,
06:10
to a community called Makoko,
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u zajednicu zvanu Makoko,
06:12
a slum where 150,000 people
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siromašno naselje gde 150 000 ljudi
06:15
live just meters above the Lagos Lagoon.
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živi samo nekoliko metara
iznad lagune Lagos.
iznad lagune Lagos.
06:18
While it may appear to be a completely chaotic place,
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Iako možda izgleda kao
potpuno haotično mesto,
potpuno haotično mesto,
06:22
when you see it from above, there seems to be
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kada ga vidite odozgo,
čini se da postoji
čini se da postoji
06:24
a whole grid of waterways and canals
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čitava mreža vodenih
puteva i kanala
puteva i kanala
06:27
connecting each and every home.
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koji povezuju sve domove.
06:30
From the main dock, people board long wooden canoes
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Sa glavnog pristaništa,
ljudi ukrcavaju duge drvene kanue
ljudi ukrcavaju duge drvene kanue
06:34
which carry them out to their various homes and shops
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koji ih voze do njihovih
različitih domova i prodavnica
različitih domova i prodavnica
06:37
located in the expansive area.
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koji se nalaze u ekspanzivnoj oblasti.
06:39
When out on the water, it's clear
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Kada ste na vodi, jasno je
06:41
that life has been completely adapted
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da se život potpuno prilagodio
06:43
to this very specific way of living.
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ovom specifičnom načinu života.
06:46
Even the canoes become variety stores
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Čak i kanui postaju
različite prodavnice
različite prodavnice
06:49
where ladies paddle from house to house,
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u kojima dame veslaju
od kuće do kuće,
od kuće do kuće,
06:50
selling anything from toothpaste to fresh fruits.
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prodajući sve od paste
za zube do svežeg voća.
za zube do svežeg voća.
06:55
Behind every window and door frame,
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Iza svakog prozora i vrata,
06:57
you'll see a small child peering back at you,
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videćete malo dete
koje pilji u vas,
koje pilji u vas,
06:59
and while Makoko seems to be packed with people,
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i dok Makoko izgleda
krcat ljudima,
krcat ljudima,
07:02
what's more shocking is actually
159
410807
1835
ono što više šokira
je zapravo
je zapravo
07:04
the amount of children pouring out of every building.
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broj dece koja vire
iz svake zgrade.
iz svake zgrade.
07:08
The population growth in Nigeria,
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1980
Rast populacije u Nigeriji,
07:10
and especially in these areas like Makoko,
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posebno u oblastima
kao što je Makoko,
kao što je Makoko,
07:12
are painful reminders
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je bolno podsećanje na to
07:14
of how out of control things really are.
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koliko su stvari zaista
izmakle kontroli.
izmakle kontroli.
07:18
In Makoko, very few systems
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U Makoku, postoji
veoma malo sistema
veoma malo sistema
07:21
and infrastructures exist.
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i infrastrukture.
07:23
Electricity is rigged and freshest water
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Struja je improvizovana,
a sveža voda
a sveža voda
07:26
comes from self-built wells throughout the area.
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dolazi iz bunara koje su
sami iskopali.
sami iskopali.
07:29
This entire economic model
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2404
Ceo ekonomski model
07:31
is designed to meet a specific way of living
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je napravljen da odgovara
specifičnom načinu života
specifičnom načinu života
07:34
on the water, so fishing and boat-making
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na vodi, tako da su
ribarstvo i brodogradnja
ribarstvo i brodogradnja
07:37
are common professions.
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uobičajene profesije.
07:39
You'll have a set of entrepreneurs
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Imate set preduzetnika
07:41
who have set up businesses throughout the area,
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3024
koji su izgradili poslove
u čitavom području,
u čitavom području,
07:44
like barbershops, CD and DVD stores,
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4800
kao što su frizerski saloni,
prodavnice CD-ova i DVD-ova,
prodavnice CD-ova i DVD-ova,
07:49
movie theaters, tailors, everything is there.
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5363
bioskopi, krojačke radnje,
sve je tu.
sve je tu.
07:54
There is even a photo studio
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1795
Postoji čak i foto-studio
07:56
where you see the sort of aspiration
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1757
gde vidite neku vrstu težnje
07:58
to live in a real house or to be associated
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3300
ka životu u pravoj kući,
ili asocijacije
ili asocijacije
08:01
with a faraway place, like that hotel in Sweden.
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sa dalekim mestom,
kao što je hotel u Švedskoj.
kao što je hotel u Švedskoj.
08:05
On this particular evening,
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1624
Jedne večeri,
08:07
I came across this live band
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2104
naišao sam na ovaj bend
08:09
dressed to the T in their coordinating outfits.
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propisno odeven u
usklađenu garderobu.
usklađenu garderobu.
08:12
They were floating through the canals
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2030
Plovili su kanalima
08:14
in a large canoe with a fitted-out generator
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2924
u velikom kanuu,
opremljeni generatorom
opremljeni generatorom
08:17
for all of the community to enjoy.
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da bi cela zajednica
mogla da uživa.
mogla da uživa.
08:21
By nightfall, the area becomes almost pitch black,
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Noću, celo područje postaje
gotovo sasvim crno,
gotovo sasvim crno,
08:24
save for a small lightbulb
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1828
osim malih sijalica
08:26
or a fire.
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2734
ili vatre.
08:29
What originally brought me to Makoko
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2615
Ono što me je odvelo u Makoko
08:32
was this project from a friend of mine,
191
500137
1807
bio je projekat mog prijatelja,
08:33
Kunlé Adeyemi, who recently finished building
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501944
2801
Kunle Adejemi, koji je
nedavno završio izgradnju
nedavno završio izgradnju
08:36
this three-story floating school
193
504745
2046
ove trospratne plutajuće škole
08:38
for the kids in Makoko.
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2021
za decu u Makokou.
08:40
With this entire village existing on the water,
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3029
Dok celo selo živi na vodi,
08:43
public space is very limited,
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2423
javni prostor je veoma ograničen,
08:46
so now that the school is finished,
197
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tako da, sada kad je škola završena,
08:47
the ground floor is a playground for the kids,
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515928
3374
u prizemlju je igralište za decu,
08:51
but when classes are out, the platform
199
519302
1867
ali kad se časovi završe, platforma
08:53
is just like a town square,
200
521169
1571
postaje nalik gradskom trgu,
08:54
where the fishermen mend their nets
201
522740
2395
gde ribari krpe svoje mreže
08:57
and floating shopkeepers dock their boats.
202
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4165
i plutajući prodavci
usidre svoje čamce.
usidre svoje čamce.
09:01
Another place I'd like to share with you
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Još nešto što bih podelio sa vama
09:03
is the Zabbaleen in Cairo.
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2048
su Zabalini u Kairu.
09:05
They're descendants of farmers who began migrating
205
533878
2759
To su potomci farmera koji su
počeli da se doseljavaju
počeli da se doseljavaju
09:08
from the upper Egypt in the '40s,
206
536637
2470
iz gornjeg Egipta '40-ih godina,
09:11
and today they make their living
207
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1426
i koji danas žive
09:12
by collecting and recycling waste from homes
208
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3190
od skupljanja i reciklaže
otpada iz domova
otpada iz domova
09:15
from all over Cairo.
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2251
iz celog Kaira.
09:17
For years, the Zabbaleen would live in makeshift villages
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545974
3122
Godinama, Zabalini su živeli
u privremenim selima
u privremenim selima
09:21
where they would move around
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1669
koja su selili
09:22
trying to avoid the local authorities,
212
550765
2519
pokušavajući da izbegnu
lokalne vlasti,
lokalne vlasti,
09:25
but in the early 1980s, they settled
213
553284
2319
ali ranih '80-ih, naselili su se
09:27
on the Mokattam rocks
214
555603
1717
na planini Mokatam
09:29
just at the eastern edge of the city.
215
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2649
na istočnom rubu grada.
09:31
Today, they live in this area,
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2031
Danas u ovom području živi
09:34
approximately 50,000 to 70,000 people,
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2804
otprilike 50 000
do 70 000 ljudi,
do 70 000 ljudi,
09:36
who live in this community of self-built
218
564804
2133
koji žive u zajednici
09:38
multi-story houses
219
566937
2180
višespratnica koje su
sami izgradili,
sami izgradili,
09:41
where up to three generations live in one structure.
220
569117
4293
gde u jednoj zgradi žive
i do tri generacije.
i do tri generacije.
09:45
While these apartments that they built for themselves
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573410
2478
Iako se čini da ovim zgradama
koje su sami izgradili
koje su sami izgradili
09:47
appear to lack any planning or formal grid,
222
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2985
nedostaje bilo kakvo planiranje
ili formalna mreža,
ili formalna mreža,
09:50
each family specializing in a certain form of recycling
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578873
3406
svaka porodica se specijalizovala
za određen oblik reciklaže,
za određen oblik reciklaže,
09:54
means that the ground floor of each apartment
224
582279
2233
što znači da je
prizemlje svake zgrade
prizemlje svake zgrade
09:56
is reserved for garbage-related activities
225
584512
3657
rezervisano za poslove
sa smećem,
sa smećem,
10:00
and the upper floor is dedicated to living space.
226
588169
4023
a viši spratovi za životni prostor.
10:04
I find it incredible to see
227
592192
1871
Neverovatno mi je kad vidim
10:06
how these piles and piles of garbage
228
594063
1936
kako su ove gomile i gomile smeća
10:07
are invisible to the people who live there,
229
595999
2511
nevidljive ljudima koji tu žive,
10:10
like this very distinguished man who is posing
230
598510
3400
kao ovaj izdvojeni čovek koji pozira
10:13
while all this garbage is sort of streaming out behind him,
231
601910
4209
dok smeće svih vrsta
teče iza njega,
teče iza njega,
10:18
or like these two young men who are sitting
232
606119
2640
ili kao ova dva mladića koji sede
10:20
and chatting amongst these tons of garbage.
233
608759
4852
i ćaskaju među tonama smeća.
10:25
While to most of us, living amongst
234
613611
1733
Dok većini nas, život među
10:27
these piles and piles of garbage
235
615344
2088
ovim gomilama i gomilama smeća
10:29
may seem totally uninhabitable,
236
617432
2351
izgleda potpuno nezamislivo,
10:31
to those in the Zabbaleen, this is just
237
619783
2090
Zabalinima je to samo
10:33
a different type of normal.
238
621873
2479
drugačija vrsta normalnog.
10:36
In all these places I've talked about today,
239
624352
2637
U svim ovim mestima
o kojima sam danas pričao,
o kojima sam danas pričao,
10:38
what I do find fascinating is that there's really
240
626989
2121
ono što me fascinira
je da zaista
je da zaista
10:41
no such thing as normal,
241
629110
1598
ne postoji jasno
određeno "normalno"
određeno "normalno"
10:42
and it proves that people are able to adapt
242
630708
2205
i dokaz je da su ljudi
sposobni da se prilagode
sposobni da se prilagode
10:44
to any kind of situation.
243
632913
2375
bilo kakvoj situaciji.
10:47
Throughout the day, it's quite common
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635288
1516
Tokom dana, uobičajeno je
10:48
to come across a small party taking place
245
636804
3348
da naiđete na malu zabavu koja se dešava
10:52
in the streets, just like this engagement party.
246
640152
3844
na ulicama,
kao što je ova verenička zabava.
kao što je ova verenička zabava.
10:55
In this tradition, the bride-to-be
247
643996
1987
Po tradiciji, buduća mlada
10:57
displays all of their belongings,
248
645983
2145
pokazuje svu svoju imovinu,
11:00
which they soon bring to their new husband.
249
648128
2194
koju će uskoro preneti
kod svog novog muža.
kod svog novog muža.
11:02
A gathering like this one
250
650322
2031
Okupljanje poput ovog
11:04
offers such a juxtaposition
251
652353
1897
pruža pravu jukstapoziciju
11:06
where all the new stuff is displayed
252
654250
2778
gde se izlažu sve nove stvari,
11:09
and all the garbage is used
253
657028
2366
a smeće se koristi
11:11
as props to display all their new home accessories.
254
659394
6637
kao potpora za izlaganje
njihovog novog kućnog pribora.
njihovog novog kućnog pribora.
11:18
Like Makoko and the Torre David,
255
666031
2166
Kao u Makokou i Tore Davidu,
11:20
throughout the Zabbaleen you'll find all
256
668197
1545
u Zabalinu ćete naći sva
11:21
the same facilities as in any typical neighborhood.
257
669742
3144
ista postrojenja kao i
u bilo kojem tipičnom naselju.
u bilo kojem tipičnom naselju.
11:24
There are the retail shops, the cafes
258
672886
2080
Tu su prodavnice, kafići,
11:26
and the restaurants, and the community
259
674966
2320
restorani, i ova zajednica
11:29
is this community of Coptic Christians,
260
677286
2941
je zajednica hrišćanskih Kopta,
11:32
so you'll also find a church,
261
680227
2239
tako da ćete takođe naći i crkvu,
11:34
along with the scores of religious iconographies
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3445
sa kolekcijama verske ikonografije
11:37
throughout the area,
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1758
kroz celo područje,
11:39
and also all the everyday services
264
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3189
i takođe svakodnevne usluge
11:42
like the electronic repair shops,
265
690858
1799
kao što je radnja za
elektronske popravke,
elektronske popravke,
11:44
the barbers, everything.
266
692657
3088
frizeri, sve.
11:47
Visiting the homes of the Zabbaleen
267
695745
2173
Poseta domovima Zabalina
11:49
is also full of surprises.
268
697918
1689
je takođe puna iznenađenja.
11:51
While from the outside,
269
699607
1512
Dok izvana
11:53
these homes look like any other informal structure
270
701119
2543
ovi domovi izgledaju kao
bilo koja neformalna građevina
bilo koja neformalna građevina
11:55
in the city, when you step inside,
271
703662
2318
u gradu, kada kročite unutra,
11:57
you are met with all manner of design decisions
272
705980
3863
susrećete se sa raznim
dizajnerskim odlukama
dizajnerskim odlukama
12:01
and interior decoration.
273
709843
2267
i unutrašnjim uređenjima.
12:04
Despite having limited access to space and money,
274
712110
3164
Uprkos ograničenom
prostoru i novcu,
prostoru i novcu,
12:07
the homes in the area are designed
275
715274
1879
domovi u ovom području
su dizajnirani
su dizajnirani
12:09
with care and detail.
276
717153
1986
detaljno i brižno.
12:11
Every apartment is unique,
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719139
2043
Svaki stan je jedinstven,
12:13
and this individuality tells a story
278
721182
1793
i ta individualnost priča priču
12:14
about each family's circumstances and values.
279
722975
3126
o uslovima i vrednostima
svake porodice.
svake porodice.
12:18
Many of these people take their homes
280
726101
2146
Mnogi od ovih ljudi
shvataju svoje domove
shvataju svoje domove
12:20
and interior spaces very seriously,
281
728247
3168
i unutrašnje prostore
veoma ozbiljno,
veoma ozbiljno,
12:23
putting a lot of work and care
282
731415
1507
ulažući mnogo rada i brige
12:24
into the details.
283
732922
1326
u detalje.
12:26
The shared spaces are also treated in the same manner,
284
734248
3173
Zajednički prostori su tretirani
na isti način,
na isti način,
12:29
where walls are decorated in faux marble patterns.
285
737421
3857
i zidovi su dekorisani
u šablonu lažnog mermera.
u šablonu lažnog mermera.
12:33
But despite this elaborate decor,
286
741278
2983
Ali uprkos ovom
razrađenom dekoru,
razrađenom dekoru,
12:36
sometimes these apartments are used
287
744261
2554
ponekad se ovi stanovi koriste
12:38
in very unexpected ways,
288
746815
1810
na veoma neočekivane načine,
12:40
like this home which caught my attention
289
748625
2380
kao ovaj dom koji je
privukao moju pažnju
privukao moju pažnju
12:43
while all the mud and the grass was literally
290
751005
3482
dok su blato i trava bukvalno
12:46
seeping out under the front door.
291
754487
2487
izbijali ispod ulaznih vrata.
12:48
When I was let in, it appeared that this fifth-floor apartment
292
756974
3799
Kada su me pustili unutra, ispostavilo
se da je ova petospratnica
se da je ova petospratnica
12:52
was being transformed into a complete animal farm,
293
760773
3308
transformisana u životinjsku farmu,
12:56
where six or seven cows stood grazing
294
764081
2891
gde je šest ili sedam krava paslo
12:58
in what otherwise would be the living room.
295
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4672
tamo gde bi inače
bio dnevni boravak.
bio dnevni boravak.
13:03
But then in the apartment across the hall
296
771644
3368
A onda, u stanu prekoputa
13:07
from this cow shed lives a newly married couple
297
775012
2523
ove štale sa kravama,
živi nedavno venčani par
živi nedavno venčani par
13:09
in what locals describe
298
777535
1826
u stanu koji lokalni
ljudi opisuju
ljudi opisuju
13:11
as one of the nicest apartments in the area.
299
779361
8121
kao jedan od najlepših
stanova u području.
stanova u području.
13:19
The attention to this detail astonished me,
300
787482
3226
Pažnja posvećena detaljima
me zapanjuje,
me zapanjuje,
13:22
and as the owner of the home so proudly
301
790708
2671
i dok me je vlasnik stana ponosno
13:25
led me around this apartment,
302
793379
1986
vodio kroz ovaj stan,
13:27
from floor to ceiling, every part was decorated.
303
795365
3716
od poda do plafona,
sve je ukrašeno.
sve je ukrašeno.
13:31
But if it weren't for the strangely familiar
304
799081
3802
I da kroz stan stalno ne prolazi
13:34
stomach-churning odor that constantly
305
802883
2863
neobično poznati miris
13:37
passes through the apartment,
306
805746
3445
od kojeg se okreće stomak,
13:41
it would be easy to forget
307
809191
2593
bilo bi lako zaboraviti
13:43
that you are standing next to a cow shed
308
811784
2692
da ste pored kravlje štale
13:46
and on top of a landfill.
309
814476
5497
i iznad deponije.
13:51
What moved me the most was that despite
310
819973
2679
Ono što me je najviše
dirnulo je da sam uprkos
dirnulo je da sam uprkos
13:54
these seemingly inhospitable conditions,
311
822652
2034
ovim naizgled
nepristupačnim uslovima,
nepristupačnim uslovima,
13:56
I was welcomed with open arms
312
824686
1793
dočekan raširenih ruku
13:58
into a home that was made with love, care,
313
826479
3926
u dom koji je izgrađen
sa ljubavlju, brigom,
sa ljubavlju, brigom,
14:02
and unreserved passion.
314
830405
2250
i bezrezervnom strašću.
14:04
Let's move across the map to China,
315
832655
3384
Hajdemo preko sveta u Kinu,
14:08
to an area called Shanxi, Henan and Gansu.
316
836039
3887
u područje zvano Šansi,
Henan i Ganšu.
Henan i Ganšu.
14:11
In a region famous for the soft, porous Loess Plateau soil,
317
839926
3690
U regiji poznatoj po mekom,
poroznom Les Plato tlu,
poroznom Les Plato tlu,
14:15
there lived until recently an estimated
318
843616
2683
živelo je po nedavnoj proceni
14:18
40 million people in these houses underground.
319
846299
3869
40 miliona ljudi u ovim
podzemnim kućama.
podzemnim kućama.
14:22
These dwellings are called the yaodongs.
320
850168
2451
Ove zgrade se zovu jaodong.
14:24
Through this architecture by subtraction,
321
852619
2190
Kroz ovu arhitekturu oduzimanja,
14:26
these yaodongs are built literally inside of the soil.
322
854809
3587
jaodonzi su izgrađeni
doslovno u tlu.
doslovno u tlu.
14:30
In these villages, you see an entirely altered landscape,
323
858396
3874
U ovim selima, vidite
potpuno izmenjen pejzaž,
potpuno izmenjen pejzaž,
14:34
and hidden behind these mounds of dirt
324
862270
2746
i skrivene iza ovih
gomila prašine,
gomila prašine,
14:37
are these square, rectangular houses
325
865016
2500
nalaze se pravougaone
i kvadratne kuće
i kvadratne kuće
14:39
which sit seven meters below the ground.
326
867516
2591
na sedam metara
ispod površine.
ispod površine.
14:42
When I asked people why they were digging
327
870107
1988
Kada sam pitao ljude
zašto ukopavaju
zašto ukopavaju
14:44
their houses from the ground,
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svoje kuće u zemlju,
14:45
they simply replied that they are poor wheat
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odgovorili su mi da su
oni siromašni uzgajivači
oni siromašni uzgajivači
14:48
and apple farmers who didn't have the money
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pšenice i jabuka,
i da nemaju novca
i da nemaju novca
14:50
to buy materials, and this digging out
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da kupe materijale,
i da je ovo iskopavanje
i da je ovo iskopavanje
14:53
was their most logical form of living.
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njihov najlogičniji oblik življenja.
14:58
From Makoko to Zabbaleen, these communities
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Od Makokoa do Zabalina,
ove zajednice
ove zajednice
15:00
have approached the tasks of planning,
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pristupaju zadacima planiranja,
15:02
design and management of their communities
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dizajna i menadžmenta
svojih zajednica
svojih zajednica
15:05
and neighborhoods in ways that respond
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i naselja, na načine koji odgovaraju
15:07
specifically to their environment and circumstances.
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specifično njihovom
okruženju i okolnostima.
okruženju i okolnostima.
15:11
Created by these very people who live,
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Stvarani od strane ljudi koji žive,
15:13
work and play in these particular spaces,
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rade i igraju se
u ovim prostorima,
u ovim prostorima,
15:17
these neighborhoods are intuitively designed
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ova naselja su
intuitivno projektovana
intuitivno projektovana
15:20
to make the most of their circumstances.
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da izvuku najbolje
od svojih okolnosti.
od svojih okolnosti.
15:23
In most of these places, the government
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U većini ovih mesta, vlast
15:25
is completely absent, leaving inhabitants
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je potpuno odsutna,
i ne ostavlja stanovnicima
i ne ostavlja stanovnicima
15:28
with no choice but to reappropriate found materials,
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drugi izbor, osim ponovne
upotrebe nađenih materijala,
upotrebe nađenih materijala,
15:31
and while these communities are highly disadvantaged,
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i iako su ove zajednice u
veoma nepovoljnom položaju,
veoma nepovoljnom položaju,
15:34
they do present examples
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one predstavljaju primere
15:36
of brilliant forms of ingenuity,
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brilijantnih oblika genijalnosti,
15:39
and prove that indeed we have the ability
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i dokazuju da zaista
imamo sposobnost
imamo sposobnost
15:41
to adapt to all manner of circumstances.
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da se prilagodimo
raznim okolnostima.
raznim okolnostima.
15:45
What makes places like the Torre David
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Ono što čini mesta
poput Tore Davida
poput Tore Davida
15:47
particularly remarkable
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posebno zapanjujućim
15:49
is this sort of skeleton framework
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je vrsta kostura, okvira,
15:51
where people can have a foundation
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gde ljudi imaju temelj
15:52
where they can tap into.
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koji mogu iskoristiti.
15:54
Now imagine what these already ingenious communities
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Sada zamislite šta bi
ove već genijalne zajednice
ove već genijalne zajednice
15:57
could create themselves,
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mogle da stvore,
16:00
and how highly particular their solutions would be,
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i kako bi posebna
njihova rešenja bila,
njihova rešenja bila,
16:02
if they were given the basic infrastructures
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kada bi im bila data
osnovna infrastruktura
osnovna infrastruktura
16:05
that they could tap into.
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koju bi mogli iskoristiti.
16:07
Today, you see these large residential development projects
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Danas, vidite ove velike
stambene projekte
stambene projekte
16:10
which offer cookie-cutter housing solutions
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2455
koji nude stambena rešenja
bez individualnosti
bez individualnosti
16:13
to massive amounts of people.
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2042
velikom broju ljudi.
16:15
From China to Brazil, these projects attempt
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Od Kine do Brazila,
ovi projekti pokušavaju
ovi projekti pokušavaju
16:17
to provide as many houses as possible,
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da obezbede najveći
mogući broj kuća,
mogući broj kuća,
16:20
but they're completely generic
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ali su potpuno uopšteni
16:23
and simply do not work as an answer
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i jednostavno ne odgovaraju
16:24
to the individual needs of the people.
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individualnim potrebama ljudi.
16:28
I would like to end with a quote
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Želio bih da završim citatom
16:30
from a friend of mine and a source of inspiration,
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moje prijateljice i izvora inspiracije,
16:33
Zita Cobb, the founder of the wonderful
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Zite Kob, osnivača prekrasne
16:36
Shorefast Foundation,
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fondacije Šorfast,
16:38
based out of Fogo Island, Newfoundland.
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koja se nalazi na ostrvu Fogo,
Njufaundlend.
Njufaundlend.
16:41
She says that "there's this plague of sameness
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Ona kaže:
"Postoji kuga jednakosti
"Postoji kuga jednakosti
16:44
which is killing the human joy,"
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koja ubija ljudsku radost,"
16:46
and I couldn't agree with her more.
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i ne bih se mogao više složiti s njom.
16:48
Thank you.
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Hvala.
16:49
(Applause)
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(Aplauz)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Iwan Baan - Urban documentarianPhotographer Iwan Baan captures the many ways people shape their shared built environment -- from glossy starchitecture to handmade homes.
Why you should listen
Iwan Baan's interest in human connection is reflected in his ability to shift from architectural photographer to documentarian. In his photos of informal communities around the world, he shows how vernacular architecture and placemaking serve as examples of human ingenuity. His photography is a window into the world around us.
Iwan Baan | Speaker | TED.com