TEDCity2.0
Robin Nagle: What I discovered in New York City trash
Robin Nejgl (Robin Nagle): Šta sam otkrila u smeću Njujorka
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Građani Njujorka proizvode 11 000 tona smeća svakog dana. Svakog dana! Ova zapanjujuća statistika samo je jedan od razloga zašto je Robin Nejgl započela istraživački projekat sa gradskim Odeljenjem za čistoću. Išla je maršrutama, upravljala mehaničkim metlama, čak je i sama vozila smećarski kamion - sve to da bi odgovorila na naizgled jednostavno, ali ipak teško pitanje: ko čisti za nama?
Robin Nagle - Trash anthropologist
Robin Nagle is an anthropologist with a very particular focus... garbage. Full bio
Robin Nagle is an anthropologist with a very particular focus... garbage. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:12
I was about 10 years old
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Imala sam oko 10 godina
00:14
on a camping trip with my dad
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i bila sam na kampovanju sa ocem
00:16
in the Adirondack Mountains, a wilderness area
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u planinama Adirondek, u divljini
00:19
in the northern part of New York State.
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u severnom delu države Njujork.
00:22
It was a beautiful day.
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Dan je bio predivan.
00:23
The forest was sparkling.
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Šuma je blistala.
00:25
The sun made the leaves glow like stained glass,
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Lišće je od sunca sijalo kao vitraž
00:28
and if it weren't for the path we were following,
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i da nije bilo staze
koju smo pratili
koju smo pratili
00:32
we could almost pretend we were
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skoro da smo mogli
da zamislimo da smo
da zamislimo da smo
00:33
the first human beings to ever walk that land.
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prvi ljudi koji su tuda hodali.
00:37
We got to our campsite.
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Došli smo do našeg logorišta.
00:38
It was a lean-to on a bluff
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To je bio običan krovni oslonac
na strmini
na strmini
00:40
looking over a crystal, beautiful lake,
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koji je gledao na
predivno kristalno jezero
predivno kristalno jezero
00:43
when I discovered a horror.
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i tada sam se užasnula.
00:46
Behind the lean-to was a dump,
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Iza krovnog oslonca bila je deponija,
00:49
maybe 40 feet square
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od možda tri kvadratna metra
00:50
with rotting apple cores
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sa trulim ostacima jabuke,
00:53
and balled-up aluminum foil,
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smotanom aluminijumskom folijom
00:54
and a dead sneaker.
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i mrtvom patikom.
00:56
And I was astonished,
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Bila sam zapanjena,
00:59
I was very angry, and I was deeply confused.
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veoma besna i duboko zbunjena.
01:02
The campers who were too lazy
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Kamperi koji su bili previše lenji
01:04
to take out what they had brought in,
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da ponesu ono što su doneli -
01:06
who did they think would clean up after them?
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šta su mislili,
ko će da počisti za njima?
ko će da počisti za njima?
01:09
That question stayed with me,
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Pitanje me je mučilo neko vreme
01:11
and it simplified a little.
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i malo se pojednostavilo.
01:13
Who cleans up after us?
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Ko čisti za nama?
01:16
However you configure
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Kako god da ovo postavite
01:17
or wherever you place the us,
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ili gde god da se postavite,
01:19
who cleans up after us in Istanbul?
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ko čisti za nama u Istanbulu?
01:21
Who cleans up after us in Rio
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Ko čisti za nama u Riju,
01:24
or in Paris or in London?
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Parizu ili Londonu?
01:26
Here in New York,
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Ovde u Njujorku,
01:28
the Department of Sanitation cleans up after us,
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Odeljenje za čistoću
čisti za nama,
čisti za nama,
01:30
to the tune of 11,000 tons of garbage
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uz zvuk 11 000 tona smeća
01:33
and 2,000 tons of recyclables every day.
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i 2 000 tona materijala za recikliranje
svakog dana.
svakog dana.
01:37
I wanted to get to know them as individuals.
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Htela sam da ih upoznam pojedinačno.
01:40
I wanted to understand who takes the job.
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Htela sam da shvatim
ko preuzima posao.
ko preuzima posao.
01:43
What's it like to wear the uniform
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Kako je to nositi uniformu
01:45
and bear that burden?
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i takav teret?
01:47
So I started a research project with them.
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Sa njima sam počela
istraživački projekat.
istraživački projekat.
01:50
I rode in the trucks and walked the routes
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Vozila sam se u kamionama
i pešačila maršrutama
i pešačila maršrutama
01:52
and interviewed people in offices and facilities
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i intervjuisala sam ljude
u kancelarijama i postrojenjima
u kancelarijama i postrojenjima
01:55
all over the city,
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širom grada
01:56
and I learned a lot,
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i dosta toga sam saznala,
01:58
but I was still an outsider.
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ali sam još bila autsajder.
02:00
I needed to go deeper.
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Morala sam da odem dublje.
02:02
So I took the job as a sanitation worker.
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Tako da sam se zaposlila
kao radnica čistoće.
kao radnica čistoće.
02:05
I didn't just ride in the trucks now. I drove the trucks.
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Sada se nisam samo vozila u kamionima.
Vozila sam kamione.
Vozila sam kamione.
02:08
And I operated the mechanical brooms and I plowed the snow.
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Upravljala sam mehaničkim metlama
i čistila sneg.
i čistila sneg.
02:11
It was a remarkable privilege
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Bila je to jedinstvena privilegija
02:13
and an amazing education.
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i neverovatno obučavanje.
02:16
Everyone asks about the smell.
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Svi pitaju za smrad.
02:18
It's there, but it's not as prevalent as you think,
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Ima ga, ali nije tako dominantan
kao što mislite,
kao što mislite,
02:21
and on days when it is really bad,
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a danima kada je zaista loše,
02:22
you get used to it rather quickly.
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brzo se naviknete na njega.
02:25
The weight takes a long time to get used to.
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Treba dosta vremena
da se priviknete na teret.
da se priviknete na teret.
02:28
I knew people who were several years on the job
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Znam ljude koji su na poslu
proveli nekoliko godina
proveli nekoliko godina
02:30
whose bodies were still adjusting to the burden
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i čija tela su se još
prilagođavala na teret
prilagođavala na teret
02:33
of bearing on your body
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nošenja tona smeća
02:35
tons of trash every week.
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na svojim telima svake nedelje.
02:38
Then there's the danger.
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Tu je i opasnost.
02:40
According to the Bureau of Labor Statistics,
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Prema Kancelariji za statistiku rada,
02:43
sanitation work is one of the 10 most dangerous
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posao u čistoći
jedno je od 10 najopasnijih
jedno je od 10 najopasnijih
02:45
occupations in the country,
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zanimanja u zemlji,
02:47
and I learned why.
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a saznala sam i zašto.
02:49
You're in and out of traffic all day,
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Ceo dan ste u saobraćaju
02:50
and it's zooming around you.
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koji juri oko vas.
02:51
It just wants to get past you, so it's often
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Samo bi hteli da vas zaobiđu,
tako da često
tako da često
02:53
the motorist is not paying attention.
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vozač ne obraća pažnju.
02:55
That's really bad for the worker.
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To je jako loše za radnika.
02:57
And then the garbage itself is full of hazards
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I samo smeće je puno opasnih stvari
02:59
that often fly back out of the truck
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koje često izleću iz kamiona
03:01
and do terrible harm.
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i prave užasnu štetu.
03:03
I also learned about the relentlessness of trash.
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Takođe sam saznala
o nemilosrdnosti smeća.
o nemilosrdnosti smeća.
03:06
When you step off the curb
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Kada siđete s pločnika
03:07
and you see a city from behind a truck,
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i vidite grad iz kamiona,
03:10
you come to understand that trash
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počinjete da shvatate da je smeće
03:12
is like a force of nature unto itself.
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kao sila prirode koja deluje
sama na sebe.
sama na sebe.
03:14
It never stops coming.
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Nikada ne prestaje da se pojavljuje.
03:17
It's also like a form of respiration or circulation.
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Takođe je kao oblik disanja
ili cirkulacije.
ili cirkulacije.
03:20
It must always be in motion.
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Uvek mora da bude u pokretu.
03:23
And then there's the stigma.
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A tu je i žig.
03:25
You put on the uniform, and you become invisible
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Obučete uniformu i postajete nevidljivi
03:28
until someone is upset with you for whatever reason
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dok se neko ne naljuti na vas
iz nekog razloga,
iz nekog razloga,
03:31
like you've blocked traffic with your truck,
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recimo, blokirali ste saobraćaj kamionom
03:33
or you're taking a break too close to their home,
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ili pravite pauzu
preblizu njihovom domu
preblizu njihovom domu
03:36
or you're drinking coffee in their diner,
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ili pijete kafu u njihovom kafeu,
03:39
and they will come and scorn you,
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i doći će i izgrdiće vas
03:41
and tell you that they don't want you anywhere near them.
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i reći vam da vas ne žele
nigde blizu sebe.
nigde blizu sebe.
03:44
I find the stigma especially ironic,
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Žigosanje mi je posebno ironično
03:47
because I strongly believe that sanitation workers
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jer čvrsto verujem
da su radnici čistoće
da su radnici čistoće
03:50
are the most important labor force
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najbitnija radna snaga
03:52
on the streets of the city, for three reasons.
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na ulicama grada, iz tri razloga.
03:55
They are the first guardians of public health.
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Oni su prvi čuvari javnog zdravlja.
03:58
If they're not taking away trash
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Ako ne odnose smeće,
04:00
efficiently and effectively every day,
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efikasno i efektivno svakog dana,
04:02
it starts to spill out of its containments,
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ono počinje da curi iz kontejnera
04:05
and the dangers inherent to it threaten us
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i opasnosti vezane za smeće
nam prete
nam prete
04:09
in very real ways.
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na veoma stvarne načine.
04:10
Diseases we've had in check for decades and centuries
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Zaraze s kojima nemamo problema
decenijama i vekovima
decenijama i vekovima
04:13
burst forth again and start to harm us.
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ponovo izleću i počinju da nam škode.
04:16
The economy needs them.
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Oni su potrebni ekonomiji.
04:17
If we can't throw out the old stuff,
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Ako ne možemo da izbacimo staro,
04:20
we have no room for the new stuff,
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nemamo mesta za novo,
04:22
so then the engines of the economy
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tako da pokretna snaga ekonomije
04:24
start to sputter when consumption is compromised.
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počinje da zastaje
kad se ugrozi potrošnja.
kad se ugrozi potrošnja.
04:27
I'm not advocating capitalism, I'm just pointing out their relationship.
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Ne zastupam kapitalizam,
samo ukazujem na povezanost.
samo ukazujem na povezanost.
04:31
And then there's what I call
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A tu je i ono što zovem
04:33
our average, necessary quotidian velocity.
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našom prosečnom, neophodnom
svakodnevnom brzinom.
svakodnevnom brzinom.
04:37
By that I simply mean
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Pod time prosto mislim
04:39
how fast we're used to moving
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na to koliko brzo smo navkinuti
da se krećemo
da se krećemo
04:41
in the contemporary day and age.
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u savremenom dobu.
04:43
We usually don't care for, repair, clean, carry around
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Obično nas nije briga za
popravku, čišćenje,
popravku, čišćenje,
04:48
our coffee cup, our shopping bag,
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za to da nosimo našu šolju za kafu,
našu torbu za kupovinu,
našu torbu za kupovinu,
04:51
our bottle of water.
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našu flašicu vode.
04:52
We use them, we throw them out, we forget about them,
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Koristimo ih, bacimo ih
i zaboravimo na njih
i zaboravimo na njih
04:55
because we know there's a workforce
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jer znamo da postoji radna snaga
04:57
on the other side that's going to take it all away.
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sa druge strane koja će ih pokupiti.
05:00
So I want to suggest today a couple of ways
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Danas želim da predložim
par načina
par načina
05:02
to think about sanitation that will perhaps help
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za razmišljanje o čistoći
koji će možda pomoći
koji će možda pomoći
05:07
ameliorate the stigma
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da se ukloni žig
05:09
and bring them into this conversation
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i da se oni uvedu u ovaj razgovor
05:12
of how to craft a city that is sustainable and humane.
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o tome kako postići da grad
bude održiv i human.
bude održiv i human.
05:17
Their work, I think, is kind of liturgical.
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Mislim da je njihov rad
pomalo liturgijski.
pomalo liturgijski.
05:21
They're on the streets every day, rhythmically.
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Svakog dana su na ulici u ritmu.
05:24
They wear a uniform in many cities.
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U mnogo gradova nose uniforme.
05:26
You know when to expect them.
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Znate kada da ih očekujete.
05:28
And their work lets us do our work.
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I njihov posao omogućava naš.
05:32
They are almost a form of reassurance.
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Oni su skoro neki oblik garancije.
05:34
The flow that they maintain
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Tok koji održavaju
05:36
keeps us safe from ourselves,
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čuva nas od nas samih,
05:38
from our own dross, our cast-offs,
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od naše nečistoće, odbačenih stvari
05:41
and that flow must be maintained always
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i taj tok mora uvek da se održava
05:44
no matter what.
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bez obzira na sve.
05:46
On the day after September 11 in 2001,
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Dan nakon 11. septrembra 2001.,
05:49
I heard the growl of a sanitation truck on the street,
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čula sam zavijanje
đubretarskog kamiona na ulicama
đubretarskog kamiona na ulicama
05:53
and I grabbed my infant son and I ran downstairs
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i zgrabila sam sina koji je tad
bio novorođenče i potrčala dole
bio novorođenče i potrčala dole
05:55
and there was a man doing his paper recycling route
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i tu je bio čovek koji je išao svojom
maršrutom za reciklažu papira
maršrutom za reciklažu papira
05:58
like he did every Wednesday.
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isto kao i svake srede.
06:00
And I tried to thank him for doing his work
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Pokušala sam da mu se zahvalim
za to što radi svoj posao
za to što radi svoj posao
06:02
on that day of all days,
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baš tog dana, od svih dana,
06:05
but I started to cry.
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ali počela sam da plačem.
06:07
And he looked at me,
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I on me je pogledao
06:09
and he just nodded, and he said,
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i samo je klimnuo glavom i rekao:
06:12
"We're going to be okay.
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"Bićemo u redu.
06:15
We're going to be okay."
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Bićemo u redu."
06:18
It was a little while later that I started
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Kasnije sam započela
06:19
my research with sanitation,
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svoje istraživanje o čistoći
06:20
and I met that man again.
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i ponovo sam srela tog čoveka.
06:22
His name is Paulie, and we worked together many times,
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Zove se Poli
i radili smo zajedno mnogo puta
i radili smo zajedno mnogo puta
06:25
and we became good friends.
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i postali smo dobri prijatelji.
06:27
I want to believe that Paulie was right.
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Želim da verujem da je Poli
bio u pravu.
bio u pravu.
06:29
We are going to be okay.
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Bićemo u redu.
06:32
But in our effort to reconfigure
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Ali u našim naporima
da reorganizujemo
da reorganizujemo
06:34
how we as a species exist on this planet,
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svoje postojanje kao vrste
na ovoj planeti,
na ovoj planeti,
06:37
we must include and take account of
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moramo da uračunamo
i uzmemo u obzir
i uzmemo u obzir
06:40
all the costs, including the very real human cost
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sve troškove, uključujući
i stvarni trošak
i stvarni trošak
06:44
of the labor.
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ljudskog rada.
06:45
And we also would be well informed
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I takođe treba da budemo
dobro informisani
dobro informisani
06:48
to reach out to the people who do that work
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da dopremo do ljudi
koji obavljaju taj posao
koji obavljaju taj posao
06:50
and get their expertise
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i dobijemo njihovo stručno mišljenje
06:52
on how do we think about,
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o tome kako razmišljamo o održivosti,
06:54
how do we create systems around sustainability
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kako pravimo sisteme oko nje,
06:57
that perhaps take us from curbside recycling,
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što će nas možda odvesti
od recikliranja na pločniku,
od recikliranja na pločniku,
07:01
which is a remarkable success across 40 years,
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što je neverovatan uspeh
za 40 godina,
za 40 godina,
07:03
across the United States and countries around the world,
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preko SAD i zemalja širom sveta,
07:06
and lift us up to a broader horizon
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i podići nas do šireg horizonta
07:09
where we're looking at other forms of waste
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gde posmatramo druge oblike otpada
07:12
that could be lessened
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koji mogu da se smanje,
07:14
from manufacturing and industrial sources.
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od proizvodnje do industrijskih izvora.
07:16
Municipal waste, what we think of when we talk about garbage,
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Komunalni otpad, na koji mislimo
kada pričamo o smeću,
kada pričamo o smeću,
07:20
accounts for three percent of the nation's waste stream.
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obuhvata 3% protoka otpada u državi.
07:24
It's a remarkable statistic.
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To je neverovatna statistika.
07:27
So in the flow of your days,
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Tako da u toku svojih dana,
07:29
in the flow of your lives,
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u toku svojih života,
07:31
next time you see someone whose job is
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sledeći put kada vidite
nekoga čiji je posao
nekoga čiji je posao
07:34
to clean up after you,
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da čisti za vama,
07:37
take a moment to acknowledge them.
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odvojite vreme da im odate priznanje.
07:39
Take a moment to say thank you.
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Da im kažete hvala.
07:44
(Applause)
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(Aplauz)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Robin Nagle - Trash anthropologistRobin Nagle is an anthropologist with a very particular focus... garbage.
Why you should listen
Robin Nagle has been the anthropologist-in-residence at the Department of Sanitation in New York City since 2006.
Nagle's fascination with trash stems from her desire to understand the all-too-often invisible infrastructure that guides the flow of garbage through a megalopolis like New York. After all, the city produces 11,000 tons of rubbish each day... and all of that has to be dealt with somewhere and by someone. If not, damaging health problems and consequences for all. So why do sanitation workers experience such stigma, all too often scorned and berated while on the job? Nagle, who is also director of NYU's Draper Interdisciplinary Master's program in humanities and social thought, determined to find out. She got her sanitation worker license and has spent much time with workers on the job, getting an up-close view of the city's garbage and the systems in place to deal with it.
Her book, Picking Up: On the Streets and Behind the Trucks with the Sanitation Workers of New York City was published in 2013 by Farrar, Straus and Giroux. See also the profile of her work -- and a photoessay of her favorite places in New York City.
Robin Nagle | Speaker | TED.com