TEDCity2.0
Enrique Peñalosa: Why buses represent democracy in action
Enrike Penjalosa (Enrique Peñalosa): Zašto autobusi predstavljaju demokratiju na delu
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"Napredan grad nije onaj gde čak i siromašni voze kola, nego onaj gde čak i bogati koriste javni prevoz," tvrdi Enrike Penjalosa. U svom nadahnutom govoru, bivši gradonačelnik Bogote nam predstavlja neke od strategija koje je koristio kako bi promenio dinamiku transporta u prestonici Kolumbije... i predlaže nam načine na koje možemo da razmišljamo o izgradnji pametnih gradova u budućnosti.
Enrique Peñalosa - Colombian politician, urban activist
Enrique Peñalosa is the mayor of Bogotá, Colombia. He advocates for sustainability and mobility in the cities of the future. Full bio
Enrique Peñalosa is the mayor of Bogotá, Colombia. He advocates for sustainability and mobility in the cities of the future. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:12
Mobility in developing world cities
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Mobilnost u gradovima
sveta u razvoju
sveta u razvoju
00:15
is a very peculiar challenge,
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je veoma specifičan izazov,
00:17
because different from health
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zato što nasuprot zdravstvu,
00:19
or education or housing,
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obrazovanju
ili stambenim pitanjima,
ili stambenim pitanjima,
00:21
it tends to get worse as societies become richer.
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ona postaje gora
što su društva bogatija.
što su društva bogatija.
00:25
Clearly, a unsustainable model.
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Očigledno neodrživi model.
00:27
Mobility, as most other developing country problems,
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Mobilnost, kao većina drugih problema
u državama u razvoju,
u državama u razvoju,
00:32
more than a matter of money or technology,
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više nego pitanje
novca i tehnologije,
novca i tehnologije,
00:36
is a matter of equality, equity.
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pitanje je jednakosti,
pravičnosti.
pravičnosti.
00:41
The great inequality in developing countries
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Velika nejednakost
u zemljama u razvoju
u zemljama u razvoju
00:44
makes it difficult to see, for example,
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čini teškim da se uvidi,
na primer,
na primer,
00:48
that in terms of transport,
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da po pitanju prevoza
00:50
an advanced city is not one
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napredan grad nije onaj
00:52
where even the poor use cars,
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gde čak i siromašni voze kola,
00:54
but rather one where even the rich
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nego onaj gde čak i bogati
00:56
use public transport.
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koriste javni prevoz.
00:58
Or bicycles: For example, in Amsterdam,
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Ili bicikle.
Na primer, u Amsterdamu
Na primer, u Amsterdamu
01:02
more than 30 percent of the population
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više od 30 procenata
stanovništva
stanovništva
01:04
uses bicycles,
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koristi bicikl
01:05
despite the fact that the Netherlands has
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uprkos činjenici
da Holandija ima
da Holandija ima
01:07
a higher income per capita than the United States.
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veći prihod po glavi stanovnika
od SAD.
od SAD.
01:11
There is a conflict in developing world cities
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Postoji sukob
u zemljama u razvoju
u zemljama u razvoju
01:15
for money, for government investment.
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zbog novca,
zbog državnih ulaganja.
zbog državnih ulaganja.
01:18
If more money is invested in highways,
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Ako se više novca
ulaže u puteve,
ulaže u puteve,
01:20
of course there is less money for housing,
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naravno, ostaje manje novca
za stambena pitanja,
za stambena pitanja,
01:22
for schools, for hospitals,
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za škole, bolnice,
01:25
and also there is a conflict for space.
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a postoji i sukob za prostor.
01:29
There is a conflict for space between
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Postoji sukob oko mesta
01:31
those with cars and those without them.
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između onih sa automobilima
i onih bez njih.
i onih bez njih.
01:34
Most of us accept today
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Većina nas danas prihvata
01:35
that private property and a market economy
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da su privatno vlasništvo
i tržišna ekonomija
i tržišna ekonomija
01:38
is the best way to manage
most of society's resources.
most of society's resources.
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najbolji način upravljanja
većinom društvenih resursa.
većinom društvenih resursa.
01:41
However, there is a problem with that,
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Ali postoji problem u tome,
01:44
that market economy needs
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a to je da je
tržišnoj ekonomiji potrebna
tržišnoj ekonomiji potrebna
01:46
inequality of income in order to work.
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nejednakost prihoda
kako bi funkcionisala.
kako bi funkcionisala.
01:49
Some people must make more money,
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Neki moraju da zarađuju
više novca,
više novca,
01:51
some others less.
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drugi manje.
01:52
Some companies succeed. Others fail.
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Neke kompanije uspevaju.
Druge ne.
Druge ne.
01:55
Then what kind of equality
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Kakvoj se jednakosti onda
01:57
can we hope for today
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možemo nadati danas
01:58
with a market economy?
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sa tržišnom ekonomijom?
02:00
I would propose two kinds
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Predložio bih dva načina,
02:02
which both have much to do with cities.
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oba vezana za gradove.
02:04
The first one is equality of quality of life,
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Prvi je jednakost
u kvalitetu života,
u kvalitetu života,
02:08
especially for children,
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posebno dece.
02:09
that all children should have,
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Sva deca bi trebala da imaju,
02:11
beyond the obvious health and education,
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osim očiglednog
zdravlja i obrazovanja,
zdravlja i obrazovanja,
02:14
access to green spaces, to sports facilities,
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pristup zelenim prostorima,
sportskim ustanovama,
sportskim ustanovama,
02:18
to swimming pools, to music lessons.
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bazenima, časovima muzičkog.
02:21
And the second kind of equality
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Drugu vrstu jednakosti
02:23
is one which we could call "democratic equality."
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bismo mogli nazvati
"demokratskom jednakošću".
"demokratskom jednakošću".
02:28
The first article in every constitution states
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Prvi član svakog ustava kaže
02:31
that all citizens are equal before the law.
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da su svi građani
jednaki pred zakonom.
jednaki pred zakonom.
02:34
That is not just poetry.
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To nije samo poezija.
02:36
It's a very powerful principle.
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To je veoma snažan princip.
02:39
For example, if that is true,
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Na primer, ako je to tačno,
02:41
a bus with 80 passengers
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autobus sa 80-oro putnika
02:43
has a right to 80 times more road space
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ima pravo na 80 puta
više prostora na putu
više prostora na putu
02:46
than a car with one.
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nego automobil
sa jednim putnikom.
sa jednim putnikom.
02:49
We have been so used to inequality, sometimes,
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Toliko smo naviknuti
na nejednakost,
na nejednakost,
02:53
that it's before our noses and we do not see it.
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da je ponekad ona pred
našim nosem i mi je ne vidimo.
našim nosem i mi je ne vidimo.
02:57
Less than 100 years ago,
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Pre manje od 100 godina
02:59
women could not vote,
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žene nisu mogle da glasaju
03:00
and it seemed normal,
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i to je delovalo normalno,
03:03
in the same way that it seems normal today
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na isti način kako danas
deluje normalno
deluje normalno
03:06
to see a bus in traffic.
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videti autobus u saobraćaju.
03:09
In fact, when I became mayor,
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U stvari, kada sam
postao gradonačelnik,
postao gradonačelnik,
03:12
applying that democratic principle
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primenom tog
demokratskog principa
demokratskog principa
03:15
that public good prevails over private interest,
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da javno dobro
nadmašuje lični interes,
nadmašuje lični interes,
03:18
that a bus with 100 people
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da autobus sa 100 ljudi
03:21
has a right to 100 times
more road space than a car,
more road space than a car,
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ima pravo na 100 puta više
prostora na putu od automobila,
prostora na putu od automobila,
03:23
we implemented a mass transit system
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uveli smo sistem javnog prevoza
03:26
based on buses in exclusive lanes.
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zasnovan na posebnim
trakama za autobuse.
trakama za autobuse.
03:29
We called it TransMilenio,
in order to make buses sexier.
in order to make buses sexier.
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Nazvali smo ga TransMilenio,
kako bi autobusi bili seksepilniji.
kako bi autobusi bili seksepilniji.
03:33
And one thing is that it is also a very beautiful
democratic symbol, because as buses zoom by,
democratic symbol, because as buses zoom by,
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I to je takođe prelep simbol demokratije,
jer dok autobusi proleću pored
jer dok autobusi proleću pored
03:41
expensive cars stuck in traffic,
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skupih automobila
zaglavljenih u gužvi,
zaglavljenih u gužvi,
03:45
it clearly is almost a picture of democracy at work.
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to je skoro slika i prilika
demokratije na delu.
demokratije na delu.
03:51
In fact, it's not just a matter of equity.
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U stvari, to nije samo
pitanje pravičnosti.
pitanje pravičnosti.
03:55
It doesn't take Ph.D.'s.
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Za to nisu potrebni doktori nauka.
03:57
A committee of 12-year-old children
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Komisija sačinjena
od dvanaestogodišnje dece
od dvanaestogodišnje dece
03:59
would find out in 20 minutes
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bi u 20 minuta okrila
04:01
that the most efficient way to use scarce road space
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da su najefikasniji način iskorišćavanja
oskudnog prostora na putu
oskudnog prostora na putu
04:05
is with exclusive lanes for buses.
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posebne trake za autobuse.
04:08
In fact, buses are not sexy,
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Autobusi nisu seksi,
04:12
but they are the only possible means
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ali su oni jedini mogući način
04:15
to bring mass transit to all areas
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dovođenja sistema masivnog tranzita
u sva područja
u sva područja
04:18
of fast growing developing cities.
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gradova u razvoju koji brzo rastu.
04:22
They also have great capacity.
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Oni takođe imaju veliki kapacitet.
04:24
For example, this system in Guangzhou
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Na primer, ovaj sistem
u Guangdžou
u Guangdžou
04:27
is moving more passengers our direction
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prevozi više putnika u našem smeru
04:30
than all subway lines in China,
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nego sve podzemne linije u Kini,
04:32
except for one line in Beijing,
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osim jedne u Pekingu,
04:35
at a fraction of the cost.
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po znatno manjoj ceni.
04:37
We fought not just for space for buses,
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Borili smo se ne samo
za prostor za autobuse,
za prostor za autobuse,
04:41
but we fought for space for people,
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nego i za prostor za ljude
04:44
and that was even more difficult.
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i to je bilo još teže.
04:48
Cities are human habitats,
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Gradovi su ljudske naseobine,
04:50
and we humans are pedestrians.
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a mi ljudi smo pešaci.
04:54
Just as fish need to swim or birds need to fly
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Kao što ribe treba da plivaju,
ptice treba da lete
ptice treba da lete
04:57
or deer need to run, we need to walk.
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ili jeleni treba da trče,
mi treba da hodamo.
mi treba da hodamo.
05:00
There is a really enormous conflict,
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Postoji zaista ogroman konflikt
05:03
when we are talking about developing country cities,
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kada su u pitanju gradovi
u državama u razvoju
u državama u razvoju
05:06
between pedestrians and cars.
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između pešaka i automobila.
05:09
Here, what you see is a picture that shows
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Ono što vidite
je slika koja pokazuje
je slika koja pokazuje
05:12
insufficient democracy.
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nedostatak demokratije.
05:14
What this shows is that people who walk
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Pokazuje da su ljudi koji pešače
05:17
are third-class citizens
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građani trećeg reda,
05:18
while those who go in cars
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dok su oni koji su u kolima
05:20
are first-class citizens.
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građani prvog reda.
05:21
In terms of transport infrastructure,
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Po pitanju saobraćajne infrastrukture
05:24
what really makes a difference
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ono što zaista čini razliku
05:25
between advanced and backward cities
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između naprednih i nazadnih gradova
05:28
is not highways or subways
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nisu autoputevi ili podzemne,
05:30
but quality sidewalks.
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već dobri trotoari.
05:32
Here they made a flyover, probably very useless,
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Ovde su napravili nadvožnjak,
verovatno krajnje beskoristan,
verovatno krajnje beskoristan,
05:35
and they forgot to make a sidewalk.
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i zaboravili su da naprave trotoar.
05:39
This is prevailing all over the world.
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Ova situacija
preovladava širom sveta.
preovladava širom sveta.
05:41
Not even schoolchildren
are more important than cars.
are more important than cars.
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Više ni đaci nisu
važniji od automobila.
važniji od automobila.
05:45
In my city of Bogotá,
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U mom gradu, Bogoti,
05:47
we fought a very difficult battle
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vodili smo veoma tešku bitku
05:50
in order to take space from cars,
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kako bismo oduzeli
prostor od automobila
prostor od automobila
05:53
which had been parking on sidewalks for decades,
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koji su se decenijama
parkirali na trotoarima
parkirali na trotoarima
05:56
in order to make space for people that should reflect
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kako bismo napravili mesta
za ljude, što bi trebalo da oslikava
za ljude, što bi trebalo da oslikava
05:59
dignity of human beings,
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dostojanstvo ljudskih bića
06:01
and to make space for protected bikeways.
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i da stvorimo prostor
za zaštićene biciklističke staze.
za zaštićene biciklističke staze.
06:04
First of all, I had black hair before that.
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Kao prvo, pre toga
sam imao crnu kosu.
sam imao crnu kosu.
06:06
(Laughter)
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(Smeh)
06:08
And I was almost impeached in the process.
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I zamalo su me smenili u procesu.
06:12
It is a very difficult battle.
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Bila je to veoma teška bitka.
06:14
However, it was possible, finally,
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Ali na kraju je bilo moguće da,
06:17
after very difficult battles, to make a city
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nakon veoma teških bitaka,
stvorimo grad
stvorimo grad
06:20
that would reflect some respect for human dignity,
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koji oslikava neku dozu
poštovanja ljudskog dostojanstva,
poštovanja ljudskog dostojanstva,
06:23
that would show that those who walk are equally
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koji pokazuje da su
oni koji hodaju isto toliko
oni koji hodaju isto toliko
06:25
important to those who have cars.
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bitni kao oni
koji imaju automobile.
koji imaju automobile.
06:27
Indeed, a very important ideological
and political issue anywhere
and political issue anywhere
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Zaista, veoma važno ideološko
i političko pitanje svugde
i političko pitanje svugde
06:31
is how to distribute that most valuable resource
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je raspodela najvrednijeg resursa
06:34
of a city, which is road space.
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grada, a to je prostor na putu.
06:37
A city could find oil or diamonds underground
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Ispod grada bi se
moglo naći ulje ili dijamanti
moglo naći ulje ili dijamanti
06:39
and it would not be so valuable as road space.
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i oni ne bi bili toliko vredni
kao prostor na putu.
kao prostor na putu.
06:41
How to distribute it between pedestrians,
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Kako ga raspodeliti među pešacima,
06:45
bicycles, public transport and cars?
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biciklima, javnim prevozom
i automobilima?
i automobilima?
06:48
This is not a technological issue,
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Ovo nije pitanje tehnologije
06:51
and we should remember that in no constitution
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i trebalo bi da se setimo
da ni u jednom ustavu
da ni u jednom ustavu
06:54
parking is a constitutional right
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parkiranje nije ustavno pravo
06:56
when we make that distribution.
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kada vršimo tu raspodelu.
06:59
We also built, and this was 15 years ago,
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Takođe smo sagradili -
i ovo je bilo pre 15 godina,
i ovo je bilo pre 15 godina,
07:02
before there were bikeways in New York
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pre nego što su postojale
biciklističke staze u Njujorku
biciklističke staze u Njujorku
07:04
or in Paris or in London,
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ili Parizu ili Londonu,
07:06
it was a very difficult battle as well,
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i to je takođe bila teška bitka -
07:08
more than 350 kilometers of protected bicycle ways.
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više nego 350 kilometara
zaštićenih biciklističkih staza.
zaštićenih biciklističkih staza.
07:13
I don't think protected bicycle ways
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Ne mislim da su te biciklističke staze
07:15
are a cute architectural feature.
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sladak oblik arhitekture.
07:18
They are a right, just as sidewalks are,
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One su pravo, baš kao i trotoari,
07:21
unless we believe that only those
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osim ako verujemo da samo oni
07:23
with access to a motor vehicle
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sa pristupom motornim vozilima
07:25
have a right to safe mobility,
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imaju pravo
na bezbedno kretanje,
na bezbedno kretanje,
07:27
without the risk of getting killed.
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bez rizika da nastradaju.
07:29
And just as busways are,
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I baš kao i trake za autobuse,
07:33
protected bikeways also are
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zaštićene biciklističke staze
su takođe
su takođe
07:35
a powerful symbol of democracy,
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snažan simbol demokratije,
07:37
because they show that a citizen on a $30 bicycle
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jer one pokazuju da je građanin
na biciklu od 30 dolara
na biciklu od 30 dolara
07:41
is equally important
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isto toliko bitan
07:43
to one in a $30,000 car.
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kao onaj u automobilu
od 30 000 dolara.
od 30 000 dolara.
07:47
And we are living in a unique moment in history.
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Živimo u jedinstvenom
trenutku u istoriji.
trenutku u istoriji.
07:51
In the next 50 years, more than half of those cities
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U sledećih 50 godina,
više od polovine gradova
više od polovine gradova
07:55
which will exist in the year 2060 will be built.
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koji će postojati 2060. godine
će biti izgrađeni.
će biti izgrađeni.
08:00
In many developing country cities,
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U velikom broju gradova
zemalja u razvoju
zemalja u razvoju
08:02
more than 80 and 90 percent
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više od 80 i 90 procenata
08:04
of the city which will exist in 2060
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gradova koji će postojati u 2060.
08:09
will be built over the next four or five decades.
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biće sagrađeni u sledeće četiri
ili u sledećih pet decenija.
ili u sledećih pet decenija.
08:11
But this is not just a matter
for developing country cities.
for developing country cities.
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Ali to nije pitanje samo
gradova zemalja u razvoju.
gradova zemalja u razvoju.
08:14
In the United States, for example,
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U SAD na primer
08:16
more than 70 million new homes
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više od 70 miliona novih domova
08:19
must be built over the next 40 or 50 years.
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mora biti sagrađeno
u sledećih 40 do 50 godina.
u sledećih 40 do 50 godina.
08:22
That's more than all the homes that today exist
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To je više nego sve kuće
koje danas postoje
koje danas postoje
08:25
in Britain, France and Canada put together.
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u Britaniji, Francuskoj
i Kanadi zajedno.
i Kanadi zajedno.
08:29
And I believe that our cities today
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Verujem da naši gradovi danas
08:33
have severe flaws,
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imaju ozbiljne mane
08:35
and that different, better ones could be built.
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i da se drugačiji, bolji
mogu sagraditi.
mogu sagraditi.
08:38
What is wrong with our cities today?
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Šta ne valja sa našim gradovima danas?
08:41
Well, for example, if we tell any three-year-old child
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Na primer, ako kažemo
bilo kom trogodišnjem detetu
bilo kom trogodišnjem detetu
08:45
who is barely learning to speak
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koje tek uči da govori
08:47
in any city in the world today,
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u bilo kom gradu na svetu danas:
08:48
"Watch out, a car,"
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"Pazi, automobil,"
08:50
the child will jump in fright,
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dete će uplašeno poskočiti
08:52
and with a very good reason, because there are
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i to s veoma dobrim razlogom,
08:54
more than 10,000 children who are killed
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jer automobili svake godine prouzrokuju
08:57
by cars every year in the world.
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smrt više od 10 000 dece.
09:00
We have had cities for 8,000 years,
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Već 8 000 godina imamo gradove
09:03
and children could walk out of home and play.
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i naša deca su mogla
da izlaze iz kuće i da se igraju.
da izlaze iz kuće i da se igraju.
09:07
In fact, only very recently,
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Čak do veoma skoro,
09:09
towards 1900, there were no cars.
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pre 1900, nije bilo automobila.
09:11
Cars have been here for really
less than 100 years.
less than 100 years.
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Automobili postoje
manje od 100 godina.
manje od 100 godina.
09:15
They completely changed cities.
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Potpuno su promenili gradove.
09:18
In 1900, for example,
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1900. na primer
09:20
nobody was killed by cars in the United States.
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u SAD nikoga nisu ubili automobili.
09:24
Only 20 years later,
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Samo 20 godina kasnije,
09:26
between 1920 and 1930,
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između 1920. i 1930,
09:29
almost 200,000 people
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skoro 200 000 ljudi
09:32
were killed by cars in the United States.
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su ubili automobili u SAD.
09:34
Only in 1925, almost 7,000 children
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Samo u 1925. skoro 7 000 dece
09:38
were killed by cars in the United States.
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u SAD su ubili automobili.
09:42
So we could make different cities,
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Mogli bismo sagraditi
drugačije gradove,
drugačije gradove,
09:46
cities that will give more priority to human beings
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gradove koji će veći prioritet
davati ljudskim bićima
davati ljudskim bićima
09:49
than to cars, that will give more public space
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nego automobilima,
koji će pružati više javnog prostora
koji će pružati više javnog prostora
09:51
to human beings than to cars,
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ljudskim bićima
nego automobilima,
nego automobilima,
09:53
cities which show great respect
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gradove koji pokazuju
veliko poštovanje
veliko poštovanje
09:56
for those most vulnerable citizens,
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za one najranjivije građane,
09:58
such as children or the elderly.
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kao što su deca ili stariji.
10:00
I will propose to you a couple of ingredients
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Predlažem vam nekoliko sastojaka
10:04
which I think would make cities much better,
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za koje mislim da bi gradove
načinili mnogo boljim
načinili mnogo boljim
10:07
and it would be very simple to implement them
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i njihova implementacija
bi bila veoma jednostavna
bi bila veoma jednostavna
10:10
in the new cities which are only being created.
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u novim gradovima
koji se tek stvaraju.
koji se tek stvaraju.
10:13
Hundreds of kilometers of greenways
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Stotine kilometara zelenih površina
10:16
criss-crossing cities in all directions.
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koje presecaju grad
u svim pravcima.
u svim pravcima.
10:19
Children will walk out of homes into safe spaces.
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Deca bi iz domova izlazila
na bezbedan prostor.
na bezbedan prostor.
10:22
They could go for dozens of kilometers safely
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Mogli bi bezbedno prolaziti
desetine kilometara
desetine kilometara
10:25
without any risk in wonderful greenways,
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bez ikakvog rizika,
na predivnim zelenim površinama,
na predivnim zelenim površinama,
10:28
sort of bicycle highways,
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nekoj vrsti autoputeva za bicikle.
10:30
and I would invite you to imagine the following:
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Zamolio bih vas da zamislite sledeće:
10:33
a city in which every other street would be
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grad u kome bi svaka druga ulica bila
10:36
a street only for pedestrians and bicycles.
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ulica isključivo za pešake i bicikliste.
10:41
In new cities which are going to be built,
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U novim gradovima
koji će se tek izgraditi
koji će se tek izgraditi
10:44
this would not be particularly difficult.
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ovo ne bi bilo isuviše teško.
10:46
When I was mayor of Bogotá,
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Kada sam bio gradonačelnik Bogote
10:50
in only three years, we were able to create
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u samo tri godine
uspeli smo da stvorimo
uspeli smo da stvorimo
10:52
70 kilometers,
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70 kilometara,
10:54
in one of the most dense cities in the world,
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u jednom od najzbijenijih
gradova na svetu,
gradova na svetu,
10:57
of these bicycle highways.
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ovih biciklističkih autoputeva.
10:59
And this changes the way people live,
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I ovo menja način
na koji ljudi žive,
na koji ljudi žive,
11:03
move, enjoy the city.
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kreću se, uživaju u gradu.
11:05
In this picture, you see in one
of the very poor neighborhoods,
of the very poor neighborhoods,
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Na ovoj slici vidite da u jednom
od veoma siromašnih naselja,
od veoma siromašnih naselja,
11:08
we have a luxury pedestrian bicycle street,
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imamo luksuznu
pešačku i biciklističku ulicu,
pešačku i biciklističku ulicu,
11:11
and the cars still in the mud.
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a automobili su još uvek u blatu.
11:13
Of course, I would love to pave this street for cars.
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Naravno, voleo bih da popločam
ovu ulicu i za automobile.
ovu ulicu i za automobile.
11:16
But what do we do first?
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Ali šta je ono što prvo radimo?
11:18
Ninety-nine percent of the people
in those neighborhoods don't have cars.
in those neighborhoods don't have cars.
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Devedeset devet procenata ljudi
u tim naseljima nema automobile.
u tim naseljima nema automobile.
11:21
But you see, when a city is only being created,
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Ali, vidite, kada se grad tek stvara
11:23
it's very easy to incorporate
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veoma je lako inkorporirati
11:25
this kind of infrastructure.
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ovu vrstu infrastrukture.
11:28
Then the city grows around it.
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Grad onda raste oko nje.
11:30
And of course this is just a glimpse
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Ovo je naravno samo delić
11:33
of something which could be much better
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nečega što bi moglo
da bude mnogo bolje
da bude mnogo bolje
11:36
if we just create it,
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samo ako bismo ga stvorili
11:38
and it changes the way of life.
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i to menja način života.
11:40
And the second ingredient,
which would solve mobility,
which would solve mobility,
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Drugi sastojak koji bi doprineo mobilnosti
11:44
that very difficult challenge in developing countries,
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tom velikom izazovu
u zemljama u razvoju,
u zemljama u razvoju,
11:47
in a very low-cost and simple way,
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na veoma jeftin
i jednostavan način,
i jednostavan način,
11:50
would be to have hundreds of kilometers
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bi bile stotine kilometara
11:54
of streets only for buses,
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ulica samo za autobuse,
11:56
buses and bicycles and pedestrians.
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autobuse, bicikle i pešake.
11:59
This would be, again, a very low-cost solution
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Ovo bi ponovo bilo
veoma jeftino rešenje
veoma jeftino rešenje
12:03
if implemented from the start,
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ukoliko bi se primenilo od početka,
12:05
low cost, pleasant transit
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jeftin, prijatan tranzit
12:07
with natural sunlight.
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sa prirodnim svetlom.
12:11
But unfortunately, reality is not as good
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Ali nažalost,
stvarnost nije toliko lepa
stvarnost nije toliko lepa
12:16
as my dreams.
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kao u mojim snovima.
12:17
Because of private property of land
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Zbog privatnih poseda zemlje
12:21
and high land prices,
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i visokih cena zemljišta,
12:24
all developing country cities
have a large problem of slums.
have a large problem of slums.
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svi gradovi u zemljama u razvoju imaju
veliki problem sa sirotinjskim naseljima.
veliki problem sa sirotinjskim naseljima.
12:27
In my country of Colombia, almost half the homes
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U mojoj državi Kolumbiji
skoro polovina kuća
skoro polovina kuća
12:30
in cities initially were illegal developments.
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u gradu su na početku
bile ilegalna gradnja.
bile ilegalna gradnja.
12:35
And of course it's very difficult to have
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I naravno veoma je teško imati
12:38
mass transit or to use bicycles in such environments.
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masovni prevoz ili koristiti
biciklove u takvom okruženju.
biciklove u takvom okruženju.
12:42
But even legal developments
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Ali čak su i legalne zgrade
12:44
have also been located in the wrong places,
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postavljene na pogrešna mesta
12:47
very far from the city centers
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daleko od centara gradova
12:50
where it's impossible to provide
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gde je nemoguće omogućiti
12:52
low-cost, high-frequency public transport.
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jeftin, čest javni prevoz.
12:56
As a Latin American, and Latin America
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Kao osoba iz Latinske Amerike,
a Latinska Amerika
a Latinska Amerika
12:59
was the most recently organized region in the world,
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je najskorije uređen region na svetu,
13:02
I would recommend, respectfully, passionately,
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preporučio bih s poštovanjem, strasno,
13:07
to those countries which are yet to urbanize --
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zemljama koje će tek
proći proces urbanizacije -
proći proces urbanizacije -
13:11
Latin America went from 40 percent urban in 1950
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Latinska Amerika je sa
40 posto urbanosti 1950.
40 posto urbanosti 1950.
13:16
to 80 percent urban in 2010 --
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došla na 80 posto u 2010. -
13:22
I would recommend Asian and African countries
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preporučio bih azijskim
i afričkim zemljama
i afričkim zemljama
13:26
which are yet to urbanize,
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koje će tek proći proces urbanizacije,
13:27
such as India which is only 33 percent urban now,
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kao što su Indija, koja je sada
tek 33 procenata urbanizovana,
tek 33 procenata urbanizovana,
13:32
that governments should acquire
all land around cities.
all land around cities.
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da njihove vlade pribave
svo zemljište oko gradova.
svo zemljište oko gradova.
13:35
In this way, their cities could grow in the right places
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Na ovaj način, njihovi gradovi
mogu da rastu u dobrom pravcu,
mogu da rastu u dobrom pravcu,
13:37
with the right spaces, with the parks,
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sa dobrim prostorima, parkovima,
13:39
with the greenways, with the busways.
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zelenim površinama
i autobuskim linijama.
i autobuskim linijama.
13:42
The cities we are going to build
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Gradovi koje ćemo izgraditi
13:44
over the next 50 years
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tokom sledećih 50 godina
13:46
will determine quality of life and even happiness
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odrediće kvalitet života,
pa čak i sreće
pa čak i sreće
13:48
for billions of people towards the future.
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milijardi ljudi u budućnosti.
13:50
What a fantastic opportunity for leaders
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Koja neverovatna prilika za vođe
13:54
and many young leaders to come,
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i mnoge mlade lidere koji će doći,
13:56
especially in the developing countries.
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posebno u zemljama u razvoju.
13:58
They can create a much happier life
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Oni mogu da omoguće
mnogo srećnije živote
mnogo srećnije živote
14:00
for billions towards the future.
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milijardama u budućnosti.
14:01
I am sure, I am optimistic,
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Siguran sam,
optimističan sam,
optimističan sam,
14:03
that they will make cities better
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da će oni napraviti gradove boljim
14:05
than our most ambitious dreams.
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nego što su oni to u našim
najambicioznijim snovima.
najambicioznijim snovima.
14:08
(Applause)
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(Aplauz)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Enrique Peñalosa - Colombian politician, urban activistEnrique Peñalosa is the mayor of Bogotá, Colombia. He advocates for sustainability and mobility in the cities of the future.
Why you should listen
Enrique Peñalosa sees urban transportation not as a matter of convenience and economics but as a matter of justice, of equality for every resident. In his own city of Bogotá, Colombia, where he served as mayor from 1998 to 2001 before being elected again in 2015, he proudly says that more than 350 km of protected bicycle ways have been created.
Peñalosa has worked as a consultant on urban strategy, advising officials in cities all over the world on how to build a sustainable cities that can not only survive but thrive in the future. He was president of the board of directors of the Institute for Transportation and Development Policy, an organization promoting sustainable and equitable transportation worldwide.
Enrique Peñalosa | Speaker | TED.com