TED2014
Janet Iwasa: How animations can help scientists test a hypothesis
Dženet Ivasa (Janet Iwasa): Kako animacije mogu da pomognu naučnicima da isprobaju hipoteze
Filmed:
Readability: 5.1
900,546 views
3D animacija može da oživi naučne hipoteze. Molekularni biolog (i TED saradnik) Dženet Ivasa uvodi novi softver za informaciju sa otvorenim izvornim kodom koji je smišljen upravo za naučnike.
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:12
Take a look at this drawing.
0
710
1869
Pogledajte ovaj crtež.
00:14
Can you tell what it is?
1
2579
1604
Znate li šta je to?
00:16
I'm a molecular biologist by training,
2
4183
2747
Po zanimanju sam molekularni biolog
00:18
and I've seen a lot of these kinds of drawings.
3
6930
2603
i videla sam dosta ovakvih crteža.
00:21
They're usually referred to as a model figure,
4
9533
3092
Obično se nazivaju crtežom modela,
00:24
a drawing that shows how we think
5
12625
1734
to je crtež koji prikazuje kako mislimo
00:26
a cellular or molecular process occurs.
6
14359
2664
da se dešava ćelijski
ili molekularni proces.
ili molekularni proces.
00:29
This particular drawing is of a process
7
17023
2499
Konkretno ovaj crtež predstavlja proces
00:31
called clathrin-mediated endocytosis.
8
19522
4323
koji se zove endocitoza putem klatrina.
00:35
It's a process by which a molecule can get
9
23845
2610
To je proces putem kog molekul
može da dođe
može da dođe
00:38
from the outside of the cell to the inside
10
26455
2238
iz spoljašnjosti u unutrašnjost ćelije
00:40
by getting captured in a bubble or a vesicle
11
28693
2537
tako što se zarobi
unutar mehura ili vezikule
unutar mehura ili vezikule
00:43
that then gets internalized by the cell.
12
31230
2820
koje onda proguta ćelija.
00:46
There's a problem with this drawing, though,
13
34050
1835
Ipak, postoji problem sa ovim crtežom,
00:47
and it's mainly in what it doesn't show.
14
35885
2632
a odnosi se uglavnom na to
šta on ne prikazuje.
šta on ne prikazuje.
00:50
From lots of experiments,
15
38517
1465
Iz dosta eksperimenata,
00:51
from lots of different scientists,
16
39982
1835
od raznih naučnika,
00:53
we know a lot about what these molecules look like,
17
41817
2996
znamo dosta o tome
kako izgledaju ovi molekuli,
kako izgledaju ovi molekuli,
00:56
how they move around in the cell,
18
44813
1682
kako se kreću unutar ćelije,
00:58
and that this is all taking place
19
46495
1825
i da se sve ovo dešava
01:00
in an incredibly dynamic environment.
20
48320
2990
u neverovatno dinamičnom okruženju.
01:03
So in collaboration with a clathrin
expert Tomas Kirchhausen,
expert Tomas Kirchhausen,
21
51310
3473
U saradnji sa Tomasom Kirhauzenom,
stručnjakom za klaritin,
stručnjakom za klaritin,
01:06
we decided to create a new kind of model figure
22
54783
2319
odučili smo da stvorimo
novu vrstu crteža modela
novu vrstu crteža modela
01:09
that showed all of that.
23
57102
2024
koja bi prikazala sve to.
01:11
So we start outside of the cell.
24
59126
1736
Počinjemo van ćelije.
01:12
Now we're looking inside.
25
60862
1648
Sada gledamo unutra.
01:14
Clathrin are these three-legged molecules
26
62510
2080
Klatrin je ovaj molekul sa tri kraja
01:16
that can self-assemble into soccer-ball-like shapes.
27
64590
3288
koji može sam da formira
ove oblike fudbalske lopte.
ove oblike fudbalske lopte.
01:19
Through connections with a membrane,
28
67878
1697
Kroz veze sa membranom,
01:21
clathrin is able to deform the membrane
29
69575
2167
klatrin može da deformiše membranu
01:23
and form this sort of a cup
30
71742
1413
i formira ovu šolju
01:25
that forms this sort of a bubble, or a vesicle,
31
73155
2307
koja stvara ovakav mehur ili vezikulu,
01:27
that's now capturing some of the proteins
32
75462
1784
koji sada grabi neke od proteina
01:29
that were outside of the cell.
33
77246
1654
koji su bili van ćelije.
01:30
Proteins are coming in now that
basically pinch off this vesicle,
basically pinch off this vesicle,
34
78900
3498
Sada dolaze proteini
koji bukvalno štipaju ovu vezikulu,
koji bukvalno štipaju ovu vezikulu,
01:34
making it separate from the rest of the membrane,
35
82398
2584
odvajajući je od ostatka membrane
01:36
and now clathrin is basically done with its job,
36
84982
2392
i sada je klatrin zapravo
uradio svoj posao
uradio svoj posao
01:39
and so proteins are coming in now —
37
87374
1238
i sada dolaze proteini -
prekrili smo ih žutom
i narandžastom bojom-
i narandžastom bojom-
01:40
we've covered them yellow and orange —
38
88612
1946
01:42
that are responsible for taking
apart this clathrin cage.
apart this clathrin cage.
39
90558
2542
njihova dužnost je rastavljanje
ovog klatrinskog kaveza.
ovog klatrinskog kaveza.
01:45
And so all of these proteins
can get basically recycled
can get basically recycled
40
93100
3282
Svi ovi proteini zapravo
mogu da se recikliraju
mogu da se recikliraju
01:48
and used all over again.
41
96382
1536
i koriste ponovo.
01:49
These processes are too small to be seen directly,
42
97918
3409
Ovi procesi su premali
da se vide direktno,
da se vide direktno,
01:53
even with the best microscopes,
43
101327
1832
čak i sa najboljim mikroskopima,
01:55
so animations like this provide a really powerful way
44
103159
2631
tako da ovakve animacije
daju zaista moćan način
daju zaista moćan način
01:57
of visualizing a hypothesis.
45
105790
3018
prikazivanja hipoteze.
02:00
Here's another illustration,
46
108808
1846
Evo još jedne ilustracije,
02:02
and this is a drawing of how a researcher might think
47
110654
2736
ovo je crtež toga
kako istraživač misli
kako istraživač misli
02:05
that the HIV virus gets into and out of cells.
48
113390
3505
da virus HIV-a ulazi i izlazi iz ćelija.
02:08
And again, this is a vast oversimplification
49
116895
2519
Još jednom, ovo je veoma pojednostavljeno
02:11
and doesn't begin to show
50
119414
1744
i uopšte ne prikazuje
02:13
what we actually know about these processes.
51
121158
2482
šta zapravo znamo o ovim procesima.
02:15
You might be surprised to know
52
123640
2215
Možda će vas iznenaditi saznanje
02:17
that these simple drawings are the only way
53
125855
2767
da su ovi jednostavni crteži jedini način
02:20
that most biologists visualize
their molecular hypotheses.
their molecular hypotheses.
54
128622
3832
na koji većina biologa prikazuje
svoje molekularne hipoteze.
svoje molekularne hipoteze.
02:24
Why?
55
132454
1028
Zašto?
02:25
Because creating movies of processes
56
133482
1990
Zato što je snimanje filmova o procesima
02:27
as we think they actually occur is really hard.
57
135472
3014
kako mi mislimo da se oni
zapravo dešavaju veoma teško.
zapravo dešavaju veoma teško.
02:30
I spent months in Hollywood
learning 3D animation software,
learning 3D animation software,
58
138486
3633
Provela sam više meseci u Holivudu
učeći softver za 3D animaciju
učeći softver za 3D animaciju
02:34
and I spend months on each animation,
59
142119
2281
i provodim mesece na svaku animaciju
02:36
and that's just time that most
researchers can't afford.
researchers can't afford.
60
144400
3350
a to je prosto vreme koje
većina istraživača ne može da priušti.
većina istraživača ne može da priušti.
02:39
The payoffs can be huge, though.
61
147750
2200
Ipak, to može odlično da se isplati.
02:41
Molecular animations are unparalleled
62
149950
2384
Molekularne animacije su najbolje
02:44
in their ability to convey a great deal of information
63
152334
3441
po svojoj mogućnosti da prikažu
puno informacija
puno informacija
02:47
to broad audiences with extreme accuracy.
64
155775
3592
širokoj publici, i to veoma tačno.
02:51
And I'm working on a new project now
65
159367
1503
Sada radim na novom projektu
02:52
called "The Science of HIV"
66
160870
1438
koji se zove Nauka o HIV-u,
02:54
where I'll be animating the entire life cycle
67
162308
2362
gde ću animirati ceo životni ciklus
02:56
of the HIV virus as accurately as possible
68
164670
3104
virusa HIV-a što je preciznije moguće
02:59
and all in molecular detail.
69
167774
1961
i to sve na nivou molekula.
03:01
The animation will feature data
70
169735
2151
Animacija će sadržati podatke
03:03
from thousands of researchers
collected over decades,
collected over decades,
71
171886
2976
hiljada istraživača koji su skupljani
tokom decenija,
tokom decenija,
03:06
data on what this virus looks like,
72
174862
3080
podatke o tome kako izgleda virus,
03:09
how it's able to infect cells in our body,
73
177942
3088
kako inficira ćelije unutar naših tela
03:13
and how therapeutics are
helping to combat infection.
helping to combat infection.
74
181030
3972
i kako terapeuti pomažu
da se borimo protiv infekcije.
da se borimo protiv infekcije.
03:17
Over the years, I found that animations
75
185002
2329
Tokom godina, otkrila sam da animacije
03:19
aren't just useful for communicating an idea,
76
187331
2819
nisu korisne samo za prenošenje ideje
03:22
but they're also really useful
77
190150
1496
već su i veoma korisne
03:23
for exploring a hypothesis.
78
191646
2312
za istraživanje hipoteze.
03:25
Biologists for the most part are
still using a paper and pencil
still using a paper and pencil
79
193958
3194
Biolozi još uvek većinom
koriste olovku i papir
koriste olovku i papir
03:29
to visualize the processes they study,
80
197152
2222
da prikažu procese koje izučavaju,
03:31
and with the data we have now,
that's just not good enough anymore.
that's just not good enough anymore.
81
199374
3480
a sa podacima koje sada imamo,
to jednostavno više nije dovoljno dobro.
to jednostavno više nije dovoljno dobro.
03:34
The process of creating an animation
82
202854
2416
Proces stvaranja animacije
može da posluži kao katalizator
koji istraživačima dozvoljava
koji istraživačima dozvoljava
03:37
can act as a catalyst that allows researchers
83
205270
2657
03:39
to crystalize and refine their own ideas.
84
207927
2951
da kristališu i usavrše svoje ideje.
03:42
One researcher I worked with
85
210878
1784
Jedna naučnica sa kojom sam radila
i koja radi na molekularnim mehanizmima
03:44
who works on the molecular mechanisms
86
212662
1776
03:46
of neurodegenerative diseases
87
214438
1784
neurodegenerativnih bolesti
03:48
came up with experiments that were related
88
216222
1978
smislila je eksperimente
koji su bili povezani
koji su bili povezani
03:50
directly to the animation that
she and I worked on together,
she and I worked on together,
89
218200
2983
direktno sa animacijom
na kojoj smo obe radile
na kojoj smo obe radile
03:53
and in this way, animation can
feed back into the research process.
feed back into the research process.
90
221183
4121
i na ovaj način, animacija može
da se vrati u proces istraživanja.
da se vrati u proces istraživanja.
03:57
I believe that animation can change biology.
91
225304
2853
Verujem da animacija
može da izmeni biologiju.
može da izmeni biologiju.
04:00
It can change the way that we
communicate with one another,
communicate with one another,
92
228157
2568
Može da izmeni način
na koji međusobno komuniciramo,
na koji međusobno komuniciramo,
04:02
how we explore our data
93
230725
1623
kako istražujemo podatke i predajemo
04:04
and how we teach our students.
94
232348
1327
našim studentima.
04:05
But for that change to happen,
95
233675
1454
Ali da bi se desila ta promena,
04:07
we need more researchers creating animations,
96
235129
3157
potrebno nam je još istraživača
koji stvaraju animacije,
koji stvaraju animacije,
04:10
and toward that end, I brought together a team
97
238286
2255
i u tu svrhu, skupila sam
04:12
of biologists, animators and programmers
98
240541
3137
tim biologa, animatora i programera
da bismo stvorili nov, besplatan softver
sa otvorenim izvornim kodom
sa otvorenim izvornim kodom
04:15
to create a new, free, open-source software —
99
243678
3047
04:18
we call it Molecular Flipbook —
100
246725
1904
koji zovemo Molekularnim kineografom -
04:20
that's created just for biologists
101
248629
1896
stvoren je samo za biologe
04:22
just to create molecular animations.
102
250525
3545
kako bi stvarali molekularne animacije.
04:26
From our testing, we've found
that it only takes 15 minutes
that it only takes 15 minutes
103
254070
3712
Iz našeg testiranja, otkrili smo
da je potrebno samo 15 minuta
da je potrebno samo 15 minuta
04:29
for a biologist who has never
touched animation software before
touched animation software before
104
257782
3268
da biolog koji nikada nije bio u kontaktu
sa softverom za animaciju
sa softverom za animaciju
04:33
to create her first molecular animation
105
261050
2736
stvori svoju prvu molekularnu animaciju
04:35
of her own hypothesis.
106
263786
1522
svoje hipoteze.
04:37
We're also building an online database
107
265308
2150
Takođe pravimo bazu podataka na internetu
04:39
where anyone can view, download and contribute
108
267458
2775
gde svako može da pogleda,
preuzme i doprinese
preuzme i doprinese
04:42
their own animations.
109
270233
1616
sopstvene animacije.
04:43
We're really excited to announce
110
271849
1971
Uzbuđeni smo što možemo da objavimo
04:45
that the beta version of the molecular animation
111
273820
2462
da će beta verzija kompleta softvera
04:48
software toolkit will be available for download today.
112
276282
4208
za molekularnu animaciju moći
da se preuzme od danas.
da se preuzme od danas.
04:52
We are really excited to see
what biologists will create with it
what biologists will create with it
113
280490
2743
Zaista smo uzbuđeni
da vidimo šta će biolozi stvoriti s njim
da vidimo šta će biolozi stvoriti s njim
04:55
and what new insights they're able to gain
114
283233
2056
i koje nove uvide će dobiti iz toga
04:57
from finally being able to animate
115
285289
1481
što će konačno moći da animiraju
04:58
their own model figures.
116
286770
1703
svoje crteže modela.
05:00
Thank you.
117
288473
2240
Hvala vam.
05:02
(Applause)
118
290713
3158
(Aplauz)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Janet Iwasa - Molecular animatorWhy you should listen
While we know a lot about molecular processes, they can’t be observed directly, and scientists have to rely on simple, two-dimensional drawings to depict complex hypotheses. That is, they did until now. Janet Iwasa’s colorful and action-packed 3D animations bring scientific hypotheses to life, showing how we think molecules look, move and interact. Not only is molecular animation a powerful way to illustrate ideas and convey information to general audiences, it’s also a powerful tools for inspiring new research. However, 3D molecular animation using commercial software requires skill and time, so Iwasa has created a simpler 3D animation software tool for biologists, allowing researchers to intuitively and quickly model molecular hypotheses. In 2014, she launched the beta of her new free, open-source animation software, Molecular Flipbook, which allows biologists to create molecular animations of their own hypotheses in just 15 minutes.
More profile about the speakerJanet Iwasa | Speaker | TED.com