TED2007
David Gallo: Underwater astonishments
Dejvid Galo prikazuje podvodne divote
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Dejvid Galo (David Gallo) prikazuje zapanjujuće snimke neverovatnih morskih stvorenja, uključujući i sipu koja menja boje, savršeno kamufliranu hobotnicu, ribu sa neonskim svetlom vrednim Tajms Skvera koje žive u najcrnjim delovima okeana.
David Gallo - Oceanographer
A pioneer in ocean exploration, David Gallo is an enthusiastic ambassador between the sea and those of us on dry land. Full bio
A pioneer in ocean exploration, David Gallo is an enthusiastic ambassador between the sea and those of us on dry land. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:18
We're going to go on a dive to the deep sea,
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Zaronićemo u duboko more.
00:21
and anyone that's had that lovely opportunity knows
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I svako ko je imao tu divnu priliku zna
00:25
that for about two and half hours on the way down,
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da je, oko dva i po sata na putu dole,
00:27
it's a perfectly positively pitch-black world.
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to stvarno svet savršeno crn kao ugalj.
00:31
And we used to see the most mysterious animals out the window
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I viđali smo toliko misteriozne životinje kroz prozor
00:33
that you couldn't describe: these blinking lights --
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da se ne može opisati. Ova treperuća svetla:
00:35
a world of bioluminescence, like fireflies.
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bioluminiscentni svet, poput svitaca.
00:37
Dr. Edith Widder -- she's now at the Ocean Research and Conservation Association --
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Dr. Edit Viter - sada u Udruženju za očuvanje istraživanja (Reseacrh Conservation Association) -
00:41
was able to come up with a camera
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napravila je kameru
00:43
that could capture some of these incredible animals,
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koja može da snimi neke od ovih neverovatnih životinja,
00:46
and that's what you're seeing here on the screen.
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i to je ono što vidite ovde na ekranu.
00:49
That's all bioluminescence. So, like I said: just like fireflies.
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Sve je to bioluminiscencija. Kao što sam rekao: poput svitaca.
00:51
There's a flying turkey under a tree. (Laughter)
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Tu je leteće ćurka, ispod drveta. (smeh)
00:54
I'm a geologist by training. But I love that.
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Znam. Ja sam geolog po profesiji. Ali volim to.
01:01
And you see, some of the bioluminescence
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I vidite da se neke bioluminiscence
01:03
they use to avoid being eaten,
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koriste da bi izbegle da ih neko pojede,
01:04
some they use to attract prey,
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neke se koriste da privuku plen.
01:06
but all of it, from an artistic point of view, is positively amazing.
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Ali sve to, sa umetničke strane, je stvarno neverovatno.
01:10
And a lot of what goes on inside ...
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I mnogo toga što se dešava unutra -
01:12
there's a fish with glowing eyes, pulsating eyes.
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evo je riba sa svetlećim očima, pulsirajućim očima.
01:14
Some of the colors are designed to hypnotize,
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Neke od tih boja su dizajnirane da hipnotišu.
01:17
these lovely patterns. And then this last one,
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Ovi divni uzorci. I onda ova poslednja:
01:21
one of my favorites, this pinwheel design.
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jedna od mojih omiljenih, ovaj dizajn vetrenjače.
01:24
Just absolutely amazing, every single dive.
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Apsolutno neverovatno, svaki uron.
01:27
That's the unknown world, and today we've only explored about 3 percent
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To je nepoznati svet. A danas smo istražili samo 3 posto
01:30
of what's out there in the ocean.
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onoga što je u okeanu.
01:32
Already we've found the world's highest mountains,
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Već smo našli najviše planine na svetu,
01:34
the world's deepest valleys,
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nadublje doline na svetu,
01:37
underwater lakes, underwater waterfalls --
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podvodna jezera, podvodne vodopade --
01:39
a lot of that we shared with you from the stage.
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mnogo toga smo podelili sa vama sa bine.
01:41
And in a place where we thought no life at all,
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I na mestu za koje smo mislili da nema nikakvog života,
01:44
we find more life, we think, and diversity and density
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našli smo više života, mislimo i više različitosti i naseljenosti,
01:46
than the tropical rainforest, which tells us that
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nego u tropskoj šumi. Što nam govori
01:48
we don't know much about this planet at all.
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da uopšte ne znamo mnogo o ovoj planeti.
01:50
There's still 97 percent, and either that 97 percent is empty or just full of surprises.
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Postoji još 97 procenata i tih 97 posto je ili prazno ili jednostavno puno iznenađenja.
01:55
But I want to jump up to shallow water now
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Želim da pređem na plitku vodu sada,
01:57
and look at some creatures that are positively amazing.
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i da pogledamo neka stvorenja koju su zaista neverovatna.
02:00
Cephalopods -- head-foots. As a kid I knew them as calamari, mostly. (Laughter)
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Glavonošci - glava - stopalo. Kao klinac, uglavnom sam ih znao kao lignje.
02:05
This is an octopus --
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Ovo je hobotnica.
02:07
this is the work of Dr. Roger Hanlon at the Marine Biological Lab --
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Ovo je rad Dr. Rodžera Hanlona iz Laboratorije za pomorsku biologiju.
02:09
and it's just fascinating how cephalopods can,
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I jednostavno je zadivljujuće kako glavonošci,
02:13
with their incredible eyes, sense their surroundings,
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svojim očima, neverovatnim očima, osećaju svoje okruženje,
02:15
look at light, look at patterns.
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gledaju u svetlo, gledaju u teksturu.
02:17
Here's an octopus moving across the reef,
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Ovo je hobotnica koja prelazi preko grebena.
02:20
finds a spot to settle down, curls up and then disappears into the background.
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Nalazi mesto gde će se smestiti, ukovrdža se na vrhu i zatim nestane u pozadini.
02:25
Tough thing to do.
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Teška stvar za uraditi.
02:27
In the next bit, we're going to see a couple squid.
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U sledećem segmentu, videćemo par lignji.
02:29
These are squid. Now males, when they fight,
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Ovo je lignja. Mužnjaci, kada se bore,
02:31
if they're really aggressive, they turn white.
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ako su stvarno agresivni, postanu beli.
02:32
And these two males are fighting,
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I ova dva mužjaka se bore.
02:34
they do it by bouncing their butts together,
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Ono to rade tako što se sudaraju svojim zadnjicama,
02:36
which is an interesting concept. Now, here's a male on the left
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što je zanimljiv koncept. Sada, evo ga mužjak sa leve strane
02:39
and a female on the right,
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i ženka sa desne.
02:41
and the male has managed to split his coloration
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Sada, mužjak je uspeo da podeli svoje boje,
02:44
so the female only always sees the kinder gentler squid in him.
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tako da ženka uvek i jedino vidi njegovu nežniju stranu lignje.
02:46
And the male ... (Laughter) We're going to see it again.
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I mužjak - (smeh) Videćemo to ponovo.
02:51
Let's take a look at it again. Watch the coloration:
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Da vidimo ponovo. Pratite boje:
02:54
white on the right, brown on the left.
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belo sa desne, smeđa sa leve.
02:57
He takes a step back -- so he's keeping off the other males
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Pomera se korak unazad, dakle drži podalje ostale mužjake
03:01
by splitting his body -- and comes up on the other side ...
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deleći svoje telo i doalzi sa druge strane...
03:04
Bingo! Now I'm told that's
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Bingo! Sad, rekli su mi da ovo
03:06
not just a squid phenomenon with males, but I don't know.
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nije samo fenomen lignje kod mužjaka, ali ne znam.
03:08
(Laughter)
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(aplauz)
03:11
Cuttlefish. I love cuttlefish. This is a Giant Australian Cuttlefish.
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Sipa. Volim sipe. Ovo je divovska australijska sipa.
03:14
And there he is, his droopy little eyes up here.
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I evo je. Njene viseće male oči.
03:17
But they can do pretty amazing things, too.
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Ali one mogu da urade prilično neverovatne stvari.
03:20
Here we're going to see one backing into a crevice, and
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Ovde ćemo videti jednu kako nestaje u pukotini i -
03:24
watch his tentacles --
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gledajte njene pipke.
03:26
he just pulls them in, makes them look just like algae.
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Jednostavno ih uvuče. Učini da izgledaju kao alge.
03:29
Disappears right into the background.
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Nestaje u pozadini.
03:32
Positively amazing. Here's two males fighting.
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Stvarno neverovatno. Ovo se dva mužjaka bore.
03:34
Once again, they're smart enough, these cephalopods;
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Opet, dovoljno su pametni, ovi glavonošci -
03:37
they know not to hurt each other.
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da znaju da se međusobno ne povrede.
03:39
But look at the patterns that they can do with their skin.
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Ali pogledajte kakvu teksturu mogu da naprave sa svojom kožom. OK?
03:42
That's an amazing thing.
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Jednostavno sjajna stvar.
03:44
Here's an octopus. Sometimes they don't want to be seen when they move
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Ovo je hobotnica. Nekad ne žele da budu primećene dok se kreću,
03:47
because predators can see them.
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jer grabljivci mogu da ih vide.
03:49
Here, this guy actually can make himself look like a rock,
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Evo, ovaj momak može zapravo da načini da izgleda kao kamen,
03:51
and, looking at his environment,
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i gledajući ovo okruženje,
03:54
can actually slide across the bottom,
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može ustvari da klizi preko dna,
03:56
using the waves and the shadows so he can't be seen.
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koristeći talase i senke kako ga ne bi videli.
03:59
His motion blends right into the background --
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Jednostvano se uklopi; njegovi pokreti se uklope u pozadinu.
04:04
the moving rock trick. So, we're learning lots new from the shallow water.
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Trik: pomerajući kamen. Dakle, saznajemo mnogo novog iz plitkih voda.
04:09
Still exploring the deep,
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Još uvek istražujemo duboku vodu,
04:11
but learning lots from the shallow water.
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ali učimo mnogo iz plitkih voda.
04:12
There's a good reason why: the shallow water's
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Postoji dobar razlog zašto: plitke vode su
04:14
full of predators -- here's a barracuda --
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prepune grabljivaca. Evo je barakuda.
04:16
and if you're an octopus or a cephalopod,
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I ako ste hobotnica ili glavonožac
04:18
you need to really understand how to use your surroundings to hide.
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stvarno razumete kako da iskoristite okolinu da se sakrijete.
04:21
In the next scene, you're going to see a nice coral bottom.
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U sledećoj sceni videćete lepo koralno dno.
04:23
And you see that an octopus would stand out
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I vidite da bi se hobotnica izdvajala
04:25
very easily there if you couldn't use your camouflage,
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vrlo lako da ne može da se kamuflira,
04:28
use your skin to change color and texture.
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da koristi svoju kožu da promeni boju i teksturu.
04:30
Here's some algae in the foreground ...
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Evo nekih algi u prvom planu.
04:34
and an octopus. Ain't that amazing? Now, Roger spooked him
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I hobotnica. Nije li to neverovatno? Sad, Rodžer ju je uplašio,
04:41
so he took off in a cloud of ink, and when he
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pa je nestala u oblaku mastila. Kada se
04:44
lands the octopus says, "Oh, I've been seen.
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prizemlji, hobotnica kaže, "Oh, videli su me.
04:47
The best thing to do is to get as big as I can get."
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Najbolja stvar je da postanem što je moguće veća. "
04:49
That big brown makes his eyespot very big.
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Ta smeđa boja čini njene oči veoma velikim.
04:52
So, he's bluffing. Let's do it backwards --
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Blefira. Hajdemo unazad.
04:54
I thought he was joking when he first showed it to me.
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Mislio sam da se šali kada mi je ovo pokazao.
04:56
I thought it was all graphics -- so here it is in reverse.
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Mislio sam da je grafika. Dakle, evo ga unazad.
04:58
Watch the skin color; watch the skin texture.
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Pratite boju kože i teksturu.
05:01
Just an amazing animal, it can change color and texture
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Jednostavno neverovatna životinja, može da promeni boju i teksturu
05:04
to match the surroundings. Watch him blend right into this algae.
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da odgovara pozadini. Gledajte kako se utapa u ove alge.
05:08
One, two, three. (Applause)
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Jedan. Dva. Tri.
05:13
And now he's gone, and so am I. Thank you very much.
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I otišao je, a i ja sam. Mnogo vam hvala.
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
David Gallo - OceanographerA pioneer in ocean exploration, David Gallo is an enthusiastic ambassador between the sea and those of us on dry land.
Why you should listen
David Gallo works to push the bounds of oceanic discovery. Active in undersea exploration (sometimes in partnership with legendary Titanic-hunter Robert Ballard), he was one of the first oceanographers to use a combination of manned submersibles and robots to map the ocean world with unprecedented clarity and detail. He was a co-expedition leader during an exploration of the RMS Titanic and the German battleship Bismarck, using Russian Mir subs.
On behalf of the Woods Hole labs, he appears around the country speaking on ocean and water issues. Most recently he co-led an expedition to create the first detailed and comprehensive map of the RMS Titanic and he co-led the successful international effort to locate the wreck site of Air France flight 447. He is involved in planning an international Antarctic expedition to locate and document the wreckage of Ernest Shackleton’s ship, HMS Endurance.
David Gallo | Speaker | TED.com