TEDYouth 2014
Sarah Bergbreiter: Why I make robots the size of a grain of rice
Sara Bergbrejter (Sarah Bergbreiter): Zašto pravim robote veličine zrna pirinča
Filmed:
Readability: 4.1
1,663,866 views
Analizirajući pokrete i tela insekata poput mrava, Sara Bergbrejter i njen tim prave neverovatno robusne, majušne, mehaničke verzije gmižućih stvorenja... a potom im dodaju rakete. Pogledajte njene iznenađujuće napretke u mikro-robotici i čujte o tri načina na koje možemo da koristimo ove male pomagače u budućnosti.
Sarah Bergbreiter - Microroboticist
Sarah Bergbreiter packs advanced technologies into tiny robots that can overcome obstacles 80 times their height. Full bio
Sarah Bergbreiter packs advanced technologies into tiny robots that can overcome obstacles 80 times their height. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:12
My students and I
work on very tiny robots.
work on very tiny robots.
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Moji studenti i ja radimo
na veoma malim robotima.
na veoma malim robotima.
00:16
Now, you can think of these
as robotic versions
as robotic versions
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Možete ih smatrati robotičkim verzijama
00:18
of something that you're all
very familiar with: an ant.
very familiar with: an ant.
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nečega što vam je veoma poznato: mrav.
00:22
We all know that ants
and other insects at this size scale
and other insects at this size scale
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Svi znamo da mravi i drugi insekti
ove veličine
ove veličine
00:24
can do some pretty incredible things.
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mogu da urade gotovo neverovatne stvari.
00:27
We've all seen a group of ants,
or some version of that,
or some version of that,
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Svi smo videli grupu mrava,
ili neki oblik toga,
ili neki oblik toga,
00:30
carting off your potato chip
at a picnic, for example.
at a picnic, for example.
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kako mili po vašem čipsu
na pikniku, na primer.
na pikniku, na primer.
00:34
But what are the real challenges
of engineering these ants?
of engineering these ants?
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Ali koji su pravi izazovi
pri konstruisanju ovih mrava?
pri konstruisanju ovih mrava?
00:38
Well, first of all, how do we get
the capabilities of an ant
the capabilities of an ant
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Pre svega, kako da ostvarimo
sposobnost mrava
sposobnost mrava
00:42
in a robot at the same size scale?
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u robotu iste veličine?
00:44
Well, first we need to figure out
how to make them move
how to make them move
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Prvo treba da shvatimo
kako ih pokrenuti
kako ih pokrenuti
00:46
when they're so small.
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kada su toliko mali.
00:48
We need mechanisms like legs
and efficient motors
and efficient motors
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Treba nam mehanizam poput nogu
i efikasnih motora
i efikasnih motora
00:50
in order to support that locomotion,
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kako bi potpomogli to kretanje,
00:52
and we need the sensors,
power and control
power and control
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i trebaju nam senzori, struja i kontrola
00:54
in order to pull everything together
in a semi-intelligent ant robot.
in a semi-intelligent ant robot.
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kako bismo sve sastavili
u poluinteligentnog robota mrava.
u poluinteligentnog robota mrava.
00:58
And finally, to make
these things really functional,
these things really functional,
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I na kraju, da bismo učinili
ove stvari funkcionalnim,
ove stvari funkcionalnim,
01:01
we want a lot of them working together
in order to do bigger things.
in order to do bigger things.
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želimo da dosta njih funkcioniše
skladno kako bi postigli više.
skladno kako bi postigli više.
01:05
So I'll start with mobility.
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Počeću sa pokretljivošću.
01:07
Insects move around amazingly well.
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Insekti se neverovatno dobro kreću.
01:11
This video is from UC Berkeley.
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Ovo je video sa Berklija.
01:12
It shows a cockroach moving
over incredibly rough terrain
over incredibly rough terrain
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On prikazuje bubašvabu kako se kreće
po neverovatno teškom terenu
po neverovatno teškom terenu
01:15
without tipping over,
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bez prevrtanja, a ovo može da uradi
01:17
and it's able to do this because its legs
are a combination of rigid materials,
are a combination of rigid materials,
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jer su joj noge sačinjenje
od kombinacije čvrstih materijala,
od kombinacije čvrstih materijala,
01:21
which is what we traditionally
use to make robots,
use to make robots,
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koje tradicionalno koistimo
za pravljenje robota,
za pravljenje robota,
01:23
and soft materials.
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i mekih materijala.
01:26
Jumping is another really interesting way
to get around when you're very small.
to get around when you're very small.
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Skakanje je drugi veoma interesantan
način kretanja kada ste sićušni.
način kretanja kada ste sićušni.
01:30
So these insects store energy in a spring
and release that really quickly
and release that really quickly
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Ovi insekti energiju skladište u odskoku
i oslobađaju je veoma brzo da bi imali
i oslobađaju je veoma brzo da bi imali
01:34
to get the high power they need
to jump out of water, for example.
to jump out of water, for example.
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dosta snage koja im je potrebna
da iskoče iz vode, na primer.
da iskoče iz vode, na primer.
01:38
So one of the big
contributions from my lab
contributions from my lab
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Jedan od velikih doprinosa
iz moje laboratorije
iz moje laboratorije
01:41
has been to combine
rigid and soft materials
rigid and soft materials
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bio je kombinovanje tvrdih
i mekih materijala,
i mekih materijala,
01:44
in very, very small mechanisms.
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u veoma, veoma malim mehanizmima.
01:46
So this jumping mechanism
is about four millimeters on a side,
is about four millimeters on a side,
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Ovaj skačući mehanizam
je prečnika četiri milimetara,
je prečnika četiri milimetara,
01:49
so really tiny.
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dakle veoma je mali.
01:51
The hard material here is silicon,
and the soft material is silicone rubber.
and the soft material is silicone rubber.
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Tvrdi materijal je ovde silikon,
a meki materijal je silikonska gumica.
a meki materijal je silikonska gumica.
01:55
And the basic idea is that
we're going to compress this,
we're going to compress this,
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Osnovni plan je da ovo kompresujemo,
01:58
store energy in the springs,
and then release it to jump.
and then release it to jump.
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smestimo energiju u federe,
a onda je pustimo da skače.
a onda je pustimo da skače.
02:00
So there's no motors
on board this right now, no power.
on board this right now, no power.
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Dakle, trenutno nema nikakvih
motora niti struje.
motora niti struje.
02:04
This is actuated with a method
that we call in my lab
that we call in my lab
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Ovo je podstaknuto metodom koju
u mojoj laboratoriji zovemo
u mojoj laboratoriji zovemo
02:07
"graduate student with tweezers."
(Laughter)
(Laughter)
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"diplomac sa pincetom"
(Smeh)
(Smeh)
02:09
So what you'll see in the next video
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Ono što ćete videti u narednom videu
02:11
is this guy doing
amazingly well for its jumps.
amazingly well for its jumps.
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je ovaj momak koji radi
iznenađujuće dobar skok.
iznenađujuće dobar skok.
02:14
So this is Aaron, the graduate student
in question, with the tweezers,
in question, with the tweezers,
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Ovo je Eron, diplomac sa pincetama,
02:18
and what you see is this
four-millimeter-sized mechanism
four-millimeter-sized mechanism
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i to što vidite je mehanizam
veličine četiri milimetara
veličine četiri milimetara
02:20
jumping almost 40 centimeters high.
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kako skače skoro 40
centimetara u visinu.
centimetara u visinu.
02:23
That's almost 100 times its own length.
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To je skoro 100 puta više
od njegove dužine.
od njegove dužine.
02:25
And it survives, bounces on the table,
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I preživljava, odbija se o sto,
02:27
it's incredibly robust, and of course
survives quite well until we lose it
survives quite well until we lose it
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neverovatno je otporan, i naravno
preživljava dobro dok ga ne izgubimo
preživljava dobro dok ga ne izgubimo
02:30
because it's very tiny.
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jer je veoma mali.
02:33
Ultimately, though, we want
to add motors to this too,
to add motors to this too,
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Na kraju želimo da dodamo motore ovome,
02:36
and we have students in the lab
working on millimeter-sized motors
working on millimeter-sized motors
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i imamo studente u laboratoriji koji
rade na motorima milimetarske veličine
rade na motorima milimetarske veličine
02:39
to eventually integrate onto
small, autonomous robots.
small, autonomous robots.
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koji bi se na kraju integrisali
u male, autonomne robote.
u male, autonomne robote.
02:42
But in order to look at mobility and
locomotion at this size scale to start,
locomotion at this size scale to start,
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Ali da bismo posmatrali mobilnost
i kretanje na ovoj veličini,
i kretanje na ovoj veličini,
02:46
we're cheating and using magnets.
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moramo da varamo
i koristimo magnete.
i koristimo magnete.
02:48
So this shows what would eventually
be part of a micro-robot leg,
be part of a micro-robot leg,
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Ovo pokazuje ono što će na kraju
biti deo mikro-robotske noge,
biti deo mikro-robotske noge,
02:51
and you can see the silicone rubber joints
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i možete videti zglobove
od silikonske gume
od silikonske gume
02:53
and there's an embedded magnet
that's being moved around
that's being moved around
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i tu je i utisnuti magnet koji se pokreće
02:56
by an external magnetic field.
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spoljašnjim magnetnim poljem.
02:58
So this leads to the robot
that I showed you earlier.
that I showed you earlier.
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Ovo dovodi do robota kojeg
sam vam pokazala.
sam vam pokazala.
Istinski zanimljiva stvar je da ovaj robot
može da nam pomogne da shvatimo
može da nam pomogne da shvatimo
03:02
The really interesting thing
that this robot can help us figure out
that this robot can help us figure out
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03:05
is how insects move at this scale.
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kako se insekti kreću u toj veličini.
03:07
We have a really good model
for how everything
for how everything
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Imamo stvarno dobar model
za kretanje svega
za kretanje svega
03:09
from a cockroach up to an elephant moves.
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od bubašvabe pa do slona.
03:11
We all move in this
kind of bouncy way when we run.
kind of bouncy way when we run.
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Svi se krećemo na ovaj poskakujući način
kada trčimo.
kada trčimo.
03:14
But when I'm really small,
the forces between my feet and the ground
the forces between my feet and the ground
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Ali kada sam stvarno mala, sile među
mojim stopalima i zemljom
mojim stopalima i zemljom
03:18
are going to affect my locomotion
a lot more than my mass,
a lot more than my mass,
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uticaće na moju pokretljivost mnogo više
nego moja masa,
nego moja masa,
03:21
which is what causes that bouncy motion.
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što uzrokuje skačuće kretanje.
03:23
So this guy doesn't work quite yet,
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Ovaj momak još uvek ne funkcioniše,
03:25
but we do have slightly larger versions
that do run around.
that do run around.
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ali imamo malo veće verzije koje
trče unaokolo.
trče unaokolo.
03:28
So this is about a centimeter cubed,
a centimeter on a side, so very tiny,
a centimeter on a side, so very tiny,
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Ovo je veličine jednog kubnog centimetra,
dakle veoma maleno,
dakle veoma maleno,
03:32
and we've gotten this to run
about 10 body lengths per second,
about 10 body lengths per second,
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i došli smo do trčanja brzinom
10 telesnih dužina po sekundi,
10 telesnih dužina po sekundi,
03:35
so 10 centimeters per second.
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što je 10 centimetara po sekundi.
03:36
It's pretty quick for a little, small guy,
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Ovo je prilično brzo za mališu,
03:38
and that's really only limited
by our test setup.
by our test setup.
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i ograničen je samo našom test postavkom.
03:41
But this gives you some idea
of how it works right now.
of how it works right now.
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Ipak, ovo vam daje ideju kako to
trenutno funkcioniše.
trenutno funkcioniše.
Možemo i da napravimo 3D štampane verzije
ovog robta koji može da prebrodi prepreke,
ovog robta koji može da prebrodi prepreke,
03:44
We can also make 3D-printed versions
of this that can climb over obstacles,
of this that can climb over obstacles,
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03:47
a lot like the cockroach
that you saw earlier.
that you saw earlier.
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poput bubašvabe koju ste prethodno videli.
03:51
But ultimately we want to add
everything onboard the robot.
everything onboard the robot.
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Na kraju želimo da dodamo sve
na telo robota.
na telo robota.
03:54
We want sensing, power, control,
actuation all together,
actuation all together,
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Želimo čulnost, struju, kontrolu,
impulse sve zajedno,
impulse sve zajedno,
03:58
and not everything
needs to be bio-inspired.
needs to be bio-inspired.
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ali ne treba sve da bude inspirisano
prirodom.
prirodom.
04:00
So this robot's about
the size of a Tic Tac.
the size of a Tic Tac.
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Ovaj robot veličine je Tiktaka.
04:04
And in this case, instead of magnets
or muscles to move this around,
or muscles to move this around,
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U ovom slučaju, umesto magneta
ili mišića za pokretanje,
ili mišića za pokretanje,
04:08
we use rockets.
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koristimo rakete.
04:10
So this is a micro-fabricated
energetic material,
energetic material,
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Ovo je mikroskopski energetski materijal,
04:13
and we can create tiny pixels of this,
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i možemo da napravimo male piksele,
04:15
and we can put one of these pixels
on the belly of this robot,
on the belly of this robot,
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i možemo da stavimo jedan od tih piksela
na stomak ovog robota,
na stomak ovog robota,
04:19
and this robot, then, is going to jump
when it senses an increase in light.
when it senses an increase in light.
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a zatim će on odskočiti kada
oseti pojačanje svetla.
oseti pojačanje svetla.
Sledeći video je jedan od mojih omiljenih.
04:24
So the next video is one of my favorites.
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04:26
So you have this 300-milligram robot
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Imate ovog robota od 300 miligrama
04:29
jumping about eight
centimeters in the air.
centimeters in the air.
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koji skače oko osam centimetara u visinu.
04:32
It's only four by four
by seven millimeters in size.
by seven millimeters in size.
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Veličine je samo 4x4x7 milimetara.
04:35
And you'll see a big flash
at the beginning
at the beginning
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Videćete veliki odsjaj na početku
04:37
when the energetic is set off,
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kada se oslobodi energetski
potencijal,
potencijal,
04:38
and the robot tumbling through the air.
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i robot se kreće kroz vazduh.
04:40
So there was that big flash,
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Tu je taj veliki odsjaj
04:42
and you can see the robot
jumping up through the air.
jumping up through the air.
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i možete videti robota
kako skače kroz vazduh.
kako skače kroz vazduh.
04:45
So there's no tethers on this,
no wires connecting to this.
no wires connecting to this.
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Nema povodaca niti žica povezanih na ovo.
04:48
Everything is onboard,
and it jumped in response
and it jumped in response
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Sve je na samom robotu
i on je skočio reagujući
i on je skočio reagujući
04:51
to the student just flicking on
a desk lamp next to it.
a desk lamp next to it.
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na stonu lampu
koju uključuje student pored njega.
koju uključuje student pored njega.
04:55
So I think you can imagine
all the cool things that we could do
all the cool things that we could do
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Mislim da možete da zamislite sve
fine stvari koje bismo mogli da uradimo
fine stvari koje bismo mogli da uradimo
04:59
with robots that can run and crawl
and jump and roll at this size scale.
and jump and roll at this size scale.
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sa robotima koji mogu da trče, puze,
skaču i kotrljaju se na ovoj veličini.
skaču i kotrljaju se na ovoj veličini.
05:03
Imagine the rubble that you get after
a natural disaster like an earthquake.
a natural disaster like an earthquake.
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Zamislite ruševine nakon
prirodne katastrofe poput zemljotresa.
prirodne katastrofe poput zemljotresa.
05:07
Imagine these small robots
running through that rubble
running through that rubble
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Zamislite ove male robote
kako trče kroz taj šljunak
kako trče kroz taj šljunak
05:10
to look for survivors.
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da bi pronašli preživele.
05:12
Or imagine a lot of small robots
running around a bridge
running around a bridge
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Ili zamislite gomilu malih
robota kako trče oko mosta
robota kako trče oko mosta
05:15
in order to inspect it
and make sure it's safe
and make sure it's safe
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kako bi ga istražili i proverili
da li je siguran
da li je siguran
05:17
so you don't get collapses like this,
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da ne biste imali lomove poput ovih,
05:19
which happened outside of
Minneapolis in 2007.
Minneapolis in 2007.
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što se desilo u predgrađu
Mineapolisa 2007. godine.
Mineapolisa 2007. godine.
Ili samo zamislite šta biste
mogli da uradite
mogli da uradite
05:23
Or just imagine what you could do
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05:25
if you had robots that could
swim through your blood.
swim through your blood.
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kad biste imali robote koji
mogu da plivaju kroz vašu krv.
mogu da plivaju kroz vašu krv.
05:27
Right? "Fantastic Voyage," Isaac Asimov.
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Zar ne? "Fantastično putovanje",
Isaka Asimova.
Isaka Asimova.
05:30
Or they could operate without having
to cut you open in the first place.
to cut you open in the first place.
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Ili bi mogli da operišu,
a da vas uopšte ne otvaraju.
a da vas uopšte ne otvaraju.
Ili bismo mogli da drastično promenimo
način na koji gradimo stvari
način na koji gradimo stvari
05:34
Or we could radically change
the way we build things
the way we build things
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05:37
if we have our tiny robots
work the same way that termites do,
work the same way that termites do,
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da naši mali roboti rade
isto što i termiti,
isto što i termiti,
05:40
and they build these incredible
eight-meter-high mounds,
eight-meter-high mounds,
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i grade ove neverovatne
nasipe visine osam metara,
nasipe visine osam metara,
05:43
effectively well ventilated
apartment buildings for other termites
apartment buildings for other termites
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dobro ventilisane zgrade za druge termite
05:47
in Africa and Australia.
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u Africi i Australiji.
05:49
So I think I've given you
some of the possibilities
some of the possibilities
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Stoga mislim da sam vam dala
neke mogućnosti
neke mogućnosti
05:51
of what we can do with these small robots.
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onoga što možemo da učinimo
sa ovim malim robotima.
sa ovim malim robotima.
05:54
And we've made some advances so far,
but there's still a long way to go,
but there's still a long way to go,
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I do sada smo ostvarili određene napretke,
ali predstoji nam dugačak put,
ali predstoji nam dugačak put,
05:58
and hopefully some of you
can contribute to that destination.
can contribute to that destination.
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i nadam se neki od vas mogu
da doprinesu ka toj destinaciji.
da doprinesu ka toj destinaciji.
06:01
Thanks very much.
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Hvala vam mnogo.
06:03
(Applause)
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(Aplauz)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Sarah Bergbreiter - MicroroboticistSarah Bergbreiter packs advanced technologies into tiny robots that can overcome obstacles 80 times their height.
Why you should listen
Sarah Bergbreiter runs the Maryland Microrobotics Laboratory at the University of Maryland, where she develops innovative technologies that could advance medicine, consumer electronics and other sciences. She joined the university in 2008 as an assistant professor of mechanical engineering.
Having received her B.S.E degree in electrical engineering from Princeton, she worked on her M.S. and Ph.D. at Berkeley, which is where she focused on microrobotics. She has received multiple awards for her work, including the DARPA Young Faculty Award in 2008 and the Presidential Early Career Award for Scientists in 2013.
Sarah Bergbreiter | Speaker | TED.com