TED2015
Jedidah Isler: How I fell in love with quasars, blazars and our incredible universe
Džedajda Ajler (Jedidah Isler): Kako sam se zaljubila u kvazare, blazare i naš neverovatan univerzum
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Džedajda Ajler se prvobitno zaljubila u noćno nebo kada je bila devojčica. Sada je astofrizičar koji proučava ogromne hiperaktivne crne rupe. U šarmantnom govoru, odvodi nas trilionima kilometara od Zemlje da bi nas upoznala sa predmetima koji mogu biti jedan do 10 milijardi puta veće mase od Sunca - i koji ponekad izbacuju snažne mlazove čestica u našem pravcu.
Jedidah Isler - Astrophysicist
Jedidah Isler studies blazars — supermassive hyperactive black holes that emit powerful jet streams. They are the universe’s most efficient particle accelerators, transferring energy throughout galaxies. Full bio
Jedidah Isler studies blazars — supermassive hyperactive black holes that emit powerful jet streams. They are the universe’s most efficient particle accelerators, transferring energy throughout galaxies. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:13
My first love was for the night sky.
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Moja prva ljubav bila je noćno nebo.
00:16
Love is complicated.
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Ljubav je komplikovana.
00:17
You're looking at a fly-through of the
Hubble Space Telescope Ultra-Deep Field,
Hubble Space Telescope Ultra-Deep Field,
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Gledate u leteći prikaz ultra-dubokog
polja svemirskog teleskopa Habl,
polja svemirskog teleskopa Habl,
00:22
one of the most distant images
of our universe ever observed.
of our universe ever observed.
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jednu od slika najudaljenijeg svemira
koji je ikada viđen.
koji je ikada viđen.
00:26
Everything you see here is a galaxy,
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Sve što vidite ovde je galaksija,
00:29
comprised of billions of stars each.
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a svaka od njih sastavljena je
od nekoliko milijardi zvezda.
od nekoliko milijardi zvezda.
00:32
And the farthest galaxy is
a trillion, trillion kilometers away.
a trillion, trillion kilometers away.
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Najudaljenija galaksija udaljena je
na trilione, trilione kilometara.
na trilione, trilione kilometara.
00:37
As an astrophysicist, I have
the awesome privilege of studying
the awesome privilege of studying
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Kao astrofizičarka, imam jedinstvenu
privilegiju da izučavam
privilegiju da izučavam
00:40
some of the most exotic objects
in our universe.
in our universe.
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neke od najegzotičnijih objekata
u našem svemiru.
u našem svemiru.
00:44
The objects that have captivated me
from first crush throughout my career
from first crush throughout my career
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Objekti koji su me očarali
od prvog zaljubljivanja kroz karijeru su
od prvog zaljubljivanja kroz karijeru su
00:48
are supermassive,
hyperactive black holes.
hyperactive black holes.
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supermasivne, hiperaktivne crne rupe.
00:53
Weighing one to 10 billion times
the mass of our own sun,
the mass of our own sun,
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Težine od jedne do 10 milijardi puta
mase našeg Sunca,
mase našeg Sunca,
00:57
these galactic black holes
are devouring material,
are devouring material,
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ove svemirske crne rupe
proždiru materijal
proždiru materijal
01:00
at a rate of upwards of
1,000 times more
1,000 times more
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brzinom 1000 puta većom
01:04
than your "average"
supermassive black hole.
supermassive black hole.
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od „prosečne" supermasivne crne rupe.
01:07
(Laughter)
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(Smeh)
01:09
These two characteristics,
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Ove dve karakteristike,
01:11
with a few others, make them quasars.
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sa još par njih, čine ih kvazarima.
01:14
At the same time, the objects I study
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U isto vreme, objekti koje proučavam
01:17
are producing some of the most
powerful particle streams
powerful particle streams
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proizvode neke od najsnažnijih
struja čestica
struja čestica
01:20
ever observed.
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koje su ikada uočene.
01:21
These narrow streams, called jets,
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Ove uske struje, nazvane mlazovi,
01:24
are moving at 99.99 percent
of the speed of light,
of the speed of light,
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kreću se na 99,99 posto brzine svetlosti
01:29
and are pointed directly at the Earth.
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i usmerene su direktno na Zemlju.
01:33
These jetted, Earth-pointed, hyperactive
and supermassive black holes
and supermassive black holes
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Ove hiperaktive i supermasivne crne rupe
sa mlazevima uperenim ka Zemlji
sa mlazevima uperenim ka Zemlji
01:39
are called blazars, or blazing quasars.
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nazivaju se blazari ili plamteći kvazari.
01:43
What makes blazars so special
is that they're some of the universe's
is that they're some of the universe's
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Ono što blazare čini posebnima je
da su jedni od svemirskih
da su jedni od svemirskih
01:47
most efficient particle accelerators,
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najefikasijih akceleratora čestica,
01:49
transporting incredible amounts
of energy throughout a galaxy.
of energy throughout a galaxy.
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i transportuju neverovatne
količine energije kroz galaksiju.
količine energije kroz galaksiju.
01:54
Here, I'm showing an
artist's conception of a blazar.
artist's conception of a blazar.
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Ovde vam pokazujem
umetnički prikaz blazara.
umetnički prikaz blazara.
01:57
The dinner plate by which
material falls onto the black hole
material falls onto the black hole
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Tanjir sa kog materijal pada
u crnu rupu
u crnu rupu
02:00
is called the accretion disc,
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naziva se akrecioni disk,
02:02
shown here in blue.
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ovde prikazan plavom bojom.
02:04
Some of that material is slingshotted
around the black hole
around the black hole
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Neki od tih materijala snažno su povučeni
oko crne rupe
oko crne rupe
02:07
and accelerated to insanely high speeds
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i ubrzavaju do ludački velikih brzina
02:09
in the jet, shown here in white.
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u mlazu, prikazanom belom bojom ovde.
02:11
Although the blazar system is rare,
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Iako je sistem blazara redak,
02:14
the process by which nature
pulls in material via a disk,
pulls in material via a disk,
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proces u kom priroda
povlači materijal putem diska
povlači materijal putem diska
02:17
and then flings some of it out via a jet,
is more common.
is more common.
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a zatim ga delimično izbacuje kroz mlaz
mnogo je češći.
mnogo je češći.
02:21
We'll eventually zoom out of
the blazar system
the blazar system
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Konačno ćemo se udaljiti
od sistema blazara
od sistema blazara
02:24
to show its approximate relationship
to the larger galactic context.
to the larger galactic context.
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da bismo pokazali njihov okvirni odnos
prema širem galaktičkom kontekstu.
prema širem galaktičkom kontekstu.
02:33
Beyond the cosmic accounting
of what goes in to what goes out,
of what goes in to what goes out,
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Osim svemirskog računanja
šta ide unutra, a šta van,
šta ide unutra, a šta van,
02:38
one of the hot topics in
blazar astrophysics right now
blazar astrophysics right now
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jedna od gorućih tema trenutno
u astrofizici blazara je -
u astrofizici blazara je -
02:41
is where the highest-energy
jet emission comes from.
jet emission comes from.
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odakle dolazi visoko-energetska
emisija mlaza.
emisija mlaza.
02:45
In this image, I'm interested
in where this white blob forms
in where this white blob forms
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Na ovoj slici, interesuje me
gde se ova bela grudvica formira
gde se ova bela grudvica formira
02:48
and if, as a result, there's any
relationship between the jet
relationship between the jet
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i da li, kao rezultat, postoji
bilo kakva veza između mlaza
bilo kakva veza između mlaza
02:52
and the accretion disc material.
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i materije akrecionog diska.
02:55
Clear answers to this question
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Jasni odgovori na ovo pitanje
02:57
were almost completely
inaccessible until 2008,
inaccessible until 2008,
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bili su skoro kompletno nepristupačni
do 2008. godine,
do 2008. godine,
03:00
when NASA launched a new telescope
that better detects gamma ray light --
that better detects gamma ray light --
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kada je NASA lansirala novi teleskop
koji bolje detektuje svetlost gama zraka,
koji bolje detektuje svetlost gama zraka,
03:04
that is, light with energies
a million times higher
a million times higher
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to jest, svetlost sa milion puta
većim energijama
većim energijama
03:07
than your standard x-ray scan.
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nego standardni rendgen.
03:10
I simultaneously compare variations
between the gamma ray light data
between the gamma ray light data
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Istovremeno upoređujem varijacije
između podataka o svetlosti gama zraka
između podataka o svetlosti gama zraka
03:14
and the visible light data from
day to day and year to year,
day to day and year to year,
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i podataka o vidljivoj svetlosti
iz dana u dan i iz godine u godinu
iz dana u dan i iz godine u godinu
03:18
to better localize these gamma ray blobs.
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da bismo bolje lokalizovali ove
grudvice gama zraka.
grudvice gama zraka.
03:21
My research shows that in some instances,
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Moje istraživanje pokazuje
da su u nekim prilikama
da su u nekim prilikama
03:24
these blobs form much closer
to the black hole
to the black hole
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ove grudvice mnogo bliže
03:27
than we initially thought.
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nego što smo ispočetka mislili.
03:29
As we more confidently localize
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Dok lokalizujemo sve sigurnije
03:31
where these gamma ray
blobs are forming,
blobs are forming,
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gde se grudvice gama zraka formiraju,
03:34
we can better understand how jets
are being accelerated,
are being accelerated,
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možemo bolje razumeti
kako se mlazevi ubrzavaju
kako se mlazevi ubrzavaju
03:37
and ultimately reveal
the dynamic processes
the dynamic processes
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i konačno otkriti dinamičke procese
03:40
by which some of the most fascinating
objects in our universe are formed.
objects in our universe are formed.
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pomoću kojih su stvoreni neki od
najfascinantnijih objekata u svemiru.
najfascinantnijih objekata u svemiru.
03:45
This all started as a love story.
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Sve ovo je počelo kao ljubavna priča,
03:49
And it still is.
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a i dalje je tako.
03:51
This love transformed me from
a curious, stargazing young girl
a curious, stargazing young girl
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Ta ljubav me je preobratila
iz radoznale devojčice zagledane u zvezde
iz radoznale devojčice zagledane u zvezde
03:55
to a professional astrophysicist,
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u profesionalnu astrofizičarku
03:57
hot on the heels of celestial discovery.
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koja je u potrazi za nebeskim otkrićima.
04:00
Who knew that chasing after the universe
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Ko je mogao da pogodi
da će me jurnjava za svemirom
da će me jurnjava za svemirom
04:03
would ground me so deeply
to my mission here on Earth.
to my mission here on Earth.
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toliko duboko vezati za moju misiju
ovde na Zemlji.
ovde na Zemlji.
04:07
Then again, when do we ever know
where love's first flutter
where love's first flutter
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Sa druge strane, da li ikada znamo
gde će nas prvi ljubavni treptaj
gde će nas prvi ljubavni treptaj
04:10
will truly take us.
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zaista odvesti?
04:11
Thank you.
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Hvala vam.
04:13
(Applause)
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(Aplauz)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Jedidah Isler - AstrophysicistJedidah Isler studies blazars — supermassive hyperactive black holes that emit powerful jet streams. They are the universe’s most efficient particle accelerators, transferring energy throughout galaxies.
Why you should listen
Jedidah Isler has been staring at the stars since she was 11 or 12. But because neither her undergraduate college or the university where she got her first master’s degree offered astronomy majors, she threw herself wholeheartedly into physics. It wasn’t until she entered a doctoral program that she was able to dedicate her time to the studying the night sky. In 2014, she became the first African-American woman to receive a Ph.D in Astrophysics from Yale.
Isler studies blazars — supermassive hyperactive black holes at the center of galaxies, some of which emit powerful streams of particles. Sometimes these are oriented toward Earth, offering us a unique perspective on the physics of the universe. Isler is a Chancellor’s Faculty Fellow in Physics at Syracuse University. She participates in the Future Faculty Leader program at Harvard's Center for Astrophysics and was named a 2015 TED Fellow.
Isler is also interested in breaking down barriers that prevent many students — especially women of color — from becoming scienists. She works to make STEM accessible to new communities.
Jedidah Isler | Speaker | TED.com