TEDMED 2015
Dorothy Roberts: The problem with race-based medicine
Doroti Roberts (Dorothy Roberts): Problem sa medicinom zasnovanom na rasi
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Borac za društvenu pravdu i izučavalac zakona Doroti Roberts ima jasnu i snažnu poruku - medicina zasnovana na rasi je loša medicina. Čak i danas, mnogi doktori i dalje koriste rasu kao prečicu u medicini; donose važne odluke o stvarima kao što su tolerancija na bol na osnovu boje kože pacijenta, umesto medicinskih posmatranja i merenja. U ovom intenzivnom govoru, Robertsova iznosi dugo prisutne tragove medicine zasnovane na rasi i poziva nas da budemo deo njenog okončanja. „Hitnije je nego ikada da se konačno napusti ovu nazadno nasleđe“, kaže ona, „i da potvrdimo našu zajedničku ljudskost okončanjem društvenih nejednakosti koje nas zaista razdvajaju.“
Dorothy Roberts - Professor, author and social justice advocate
Global scholar, University of Pennsylvania civil rights sociologist and law professor Dorothy Roberts exposes the myths of race-based medicine. Full bio
Global scholar, University of Pennsylvania civil rights sociologist and law professor Dorothy Roberts exposes the myths of race-based medicine. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
Pre 15 godina sam učestvovala
kao volonter u istraživanju
kao volonter u istraživanju
00:12
15 years ago, I volunteered
to participate in a research study
to participate in a research study
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koje je obuhvatalo genetski test.
00:18
that involved a genetic test.
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Kada sam stigla na kliniku
da bi me testirali,
da bi me testirali,
00:20
When I arrived at the clinic to be tested,
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00:22
I was handed a questionnaire.
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dali su mi upitnik.
Među prvim pitanjima bilo je zatraženo
da naznačim svoju rasu:
da naznačim svoju rasu:
00:25
One of the very first questions
asked me to check a box for my race:
asked me to check a box for my race:
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belac, crnac, Azijat ili Indijanac.
00:29
White, black, Asian, or Native American.
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00:33
I wasn't quite sure
how to answer the question.
how to answer the question.
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Nisam baš bila sigurna
kako da odgovorim na to pitanje.
kako da odgovorim na to pitanje.
Da li je ono imalo za cilj
da proceni raznovrsnost
da proceni raznovrsnost
00:37
Was it aimed at measuring the diversity
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00:39
of research participants'
social backgrounds?
social backgrounds?
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društvenog porekla
učesnika u istraživanju?
učesnika u istraživanju?
00:43
In that case, I would answer
with my social identity,
with my social identity,
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U tom slučaju, odgovorila bih
u skladu sa svojim društvenim identitetom
u skladu sa svojim društvenim identitetom
00:46
and check the box for "black."
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i štriklirala opciju za „crnac“.
00:49
But what if the researchers
were interested in investigating
were interested in investigating
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Međutim, šta ako je istraživače
zanimalo da ispitaju
zanimalo da ispitaju
00:53
some association between ancestry
and the risk for certain genetic traits?
and the risk for certain genetic traits?
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povezanost između porodičnog porekla
i rizika od određenih genetskih osobina?
i rizika od određenih genetskih osobina?
00:59
In that case, wouldn't they want to know
something about my ancestry,
something about my ancestry,
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U tom slučaju, zar ne bi želeli da znaju
nešto o mom porodičnom poreklu,
nešto o mom porodičnom poreklu,
01:03
which is just as much European as African?
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koje je podjednako evropsko i afričko?
01:07
And how could they make
scientific findings about my genes
scientific findings about my genes
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Kako bi mogli da dođu
do naučnih podataka o mojim genima
do naučnih podataka o mojim genima
01:11
if I put down my social identity
as a black woman?
as a black woman?
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ako bih označila svoj društveni identitet
kao žena crne rase?
kao žena crne rase?
01:16
After all, I consider myself
a black woman with a white father
a black woman with a white father
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Naposletku, smatram sebe
pre crnom ženom sa belim ocem
pre crnom ženom sa belim ocem
01:21
rather than a white woman
with a black mother
with a black mother
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nego belom ženom sa crnom majkom
01:25
entirely for social reasons.
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isključivo iz društvenih razloga.
01:27
Which racial identity I check
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Koji rasni identitet označavam
01:30
has nothing to do with my genes.
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nema nikakve veze sa mojim genima.
01:34
Well, despite the obvious
importance of this question
importance of this question
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Uprkos očiglednom značaju ovog pitanja
01:37
to the study's scientific validity,
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za valjanost naučnog istraživanja,
01:40
I was told, "Don't worry about it,
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rekli su mi: „Ne brini za to,
01:42
just put down however
you identify yourself."
you identify yourself."
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samo stavi ono sa čim se identifikuješ.“
01:46
So I check "black,"
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Stoga sam štriklirala „crnac“,
01:48
but I had no confidence
in the results of a study
in the results of a study
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ali nisam imala poverenje
u rezultate istraživanja
u rezultate istraživanja
01:52
that treated a critical variable
so unscientifically.
so unscientifically.
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koje se odnosilo prema kritičnoj varijabli
na tako nenaučan način.
na tako nenaučan način.
01:58
That personal experience
with the use of race in genetic testing
with the use of race in genetic testing
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To lično iskustvo korišćenja rase
u genetskom testiranju
u genetskom testiranju
navelo me je na razmišljanje
02:02
got me thinking:
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02:04
Where else in medicine is race used
to make false biological predictions?
to make false biological predictions?
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o tome gde je još u medicini
rasa korišćena
rasa korišćena
da bi nastala pogrešna
biološka predviđanja.
biološka predviđanja.
02:10
Well, I found out that race runs deeply
throughout all of medical practice.
throughout all of medical practice.
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Pa, otkrila sam da pitanje rase
ima duboke korene
ima duboke korene
u celokupnoj medicinskoj praksi.
02:17
It shapes physicians' diagnoses,
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Ona oblikuje dijagnoze doktora,
02:20
measurements, treatments,
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merenja, lečenje,
02:22
prescriptions,
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propisivanje lekova,
02:24
even the very definition of diseases.
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čak i samu definiciju bolesti.
02:28
And the more I found out,
the more disturbed I became.
the more disturbed I became.
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Što sam više otkrivala,
utoliko sam bila više uznemirena.
utoliko sam bila više uznemirena.
02:33
Sociologists like me have long explained
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Sociolozi kao što sam ja
dugo su objašnjavali
dugo su objašnjavali
02:36
that race is a social construction.
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da je rasa društveni konstrukt.
02:39
When we identify people as black,
white, Asian, Native American, Latina,
white, Asian, Native American, Latina,
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Kada označavamo ljude kao crnce, belce,
Azijate, Indijance, Latinoamerikance,
Azijate, Indijance, Latinoamerikance,
02:46
we're referring to social groupings
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mislimo na društvene grupacije
02:49
with made up demarcations
that have changed over time
that have changed over time
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sa izmišljenim razgraničavanjima
koja su se vremenom izmenila
koja su se vremenom izmenila
02:52
and vary around the world.
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i razlikuju se širom sveta.
02:55
As a legal scholar, I've also studied
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Kao izučavalac prava,
takođe sam proučavala
takođe sam proučavala
02:58
how lawmakers, not biologists,
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kako su zakonodavci, a ne biolozi,
03:01
have invented the legal
definitions of races.
definitions of races.
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izmislili pravne definicije rase.
03:06
And it's not just the view
of social scientists.
of social scientists.
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A to nije samo gledište društvenih nauka.
03:10
You remember when the map
of the human genome
of the human genome
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Sećate se kada je mapa ljudskog genoma
03:12
was unveiled at a White House
ceremony in June 2000?
ceremony in June 2000?
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predstavljena na ceremoniji
u Beloj kući u junu 2000. godine?
u Beloj kući u junu 2000. godine?
03:17
President Bill Clinton famously declared,
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Poznata je izjava
predsednika Bila Klintona:
predsednika Bila Klintona:
03:20
"I believe one of the great truths
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„Smatram da je jedna od velikih istina
03:22
to emerge from this triumphant expedition
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koja proističe
iz ove pobedničke ekspedicije
iz ove pobedničke ekspedicije
03:26
inside the human genome
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unutar ljudskog genoma
da su, u genetskom smislu,
da su, u genetskom smislu,
03:27
is that in genetic terms,
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03:29
human beings, regardless of race,
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ljudska bića, bez obzira na rasu,
03:32
are more than 99.9 percent the same."
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više od 99,9 posto ista.“
03:36
And he might have added
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Mogao je i dodati
03:38
that that less than one percent
of genetic difference
of genetic difference
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da to manje od jednog procenta
genetskih razlika
genetskih razlika
03:42
doesn't fall into racial boxes.
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ne spada u kategoriju rase.
03:45
Francis Collins, who led
the Human Genome Project
the Human Genome Project
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Fransis Kolins, koji je rukovodio
Projektom ljudskog genoma,
Projektom ljudskog genoma,
a sada predvodi
Nacionalne institute za zdravlje,
Nacionalne institute za zdravlje,
03:49
and now heads NIH,
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03:50
echoed President Clinton.
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ponovio je za predsednikom Klintonom:
03:52
"I am happy that today,
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„Srećan sam jer je danas
03:54
the only race we're talking about
is the human race."
is the human race."
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jedina rasa o kojoj govorimo
ljudska rasa.“
ljudska rasa.“
Doktori bi trebalo da se bave
medicinom zasnovanom na dokazima,
medicinom zasnovanom na dokazima,
04:00
Doctors are supposed to practice
evidence-based medicine,
evidence-based medicine,
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04:04
and they're increasingly called
to join the genomic revolution.
to join the genomic revolution.
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a sve se više pozivaju da se pridruže
genomskoj revoluciji,
genomskoj revoluciji,
04:08
But their habit of treating patients
by race lags far behind.
by race lags far behind.
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ali njihova navika lečenja pacijenata
prema rasi daleko zaostaje.
prema rasi daleko zaostaje.
04:14
Take the estimate
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Uzmite procenu
04:15
of glomerular filtration rate, or GFR.
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brzine glomerularne filtracije, GFR.
04:18
Doctors routinely interpret GFR,
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Doktori rutinski tumače GFR,
04:22
this important indicator
of kidney function, by race.
of kidney function, by race.
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taj važan pokazatelj funkcije bubrega,
u skladu sa rasom.
u skladu sa rasom.
Kao što možete videti
na ovom laboratorijskom testu,
na ovom laboratorijskom testu,
04:27
As you can see in this lab test,
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04:31
the exact same creatinine level,
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potpuno isti nivo kreatinina,
04:36
the concentration
in the blood of the patient,
in the blood of the patient,
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koncentracija u krvi pacijenta,
04:40
automatically produces
a different GFR estimate
a different GFR estimate
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automatski proizvodi različitu procenu GFR
04:45
depending on whether or not
the patient is African-American.
the patient is African-American.
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u zavisnosti od toga da li pacijent
jeste ili nije Afroamerikanac.
jeste ili nije Afroamerikanac.
04:51
Why?
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Zašto?
04:53
I've been told it's based on an assumption
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Rekli su mi da se to zasniva
na pretpostavci
na pretpostavci
04:56
that African-Americans
have more muscle mass
have more muscle mass
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da Afroamerikanci imaju više mišićne mase
04:59
than people of other races.
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nego ljudi drugih rasa,
05:02
But what sense does it make
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ali kakvog smisla ima
05:04
for a doctor to automatically assume
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da doktor automatski pretpostavi
05:08
I have more muscle mass
than that female bodybuilder?
than that female bodybuilder?
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da imam više mišićne mase
od neke tamo bodibilderke?
od neke tamo bodibilderke?
05:12
Wouldn't it be far more accurate
and evidence-based
and evidence-based
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Zar ne bi bilo mnogo tačnije
i zasnovano na dokazima
i zasnovano na dokazima
05:16
to determine the muscle mass
of individual patients
of individual patients
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odrediti mišićnu masu
pojedinačnih pacijenata
pojedinačnih pacijenata
05:20
just by looking at them?
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jednostavno ih pogledavši?
05:24
Well, doctors tell me
they're using race as a shortcut.
they're using race as a shortcut.
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Pa, doktori mi kažu
da koriste rasu kao kraći put.
da koriste rasu kao kraći put.
05:27
It's a crude but convenient proxy
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To je grubo, ali praktično
pomoćno sredstvo
pomoćno sredstvo
05:30
for more important factors,
like muscle mass,
like muscle mass,
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za važnije faktore kao što su mišića masa,
05:33
enzyme level, genetic traits
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nivo enzima, genetske osobine
05:36
they just don't have time to look for.
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za kojima nemaju vremena da tragaju.
Međutim, rasa je loše pomoćno sredstvo.
05:39
But race is a bad proxy.
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05:42
In many cases, race adds
no relevant information at all.
no relevant information at all.
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U mnogim slučajevima,
rasa uopšte ne daje značajne informacije.
rasa uopšte ne daje značajne informacije.
05:46
It's just a distraction.
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Samo ometa pažnju.
05:49
But race also tends to overwhelm
the clinical measures.
the clinical measures.
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Rasa takođe ume da prevlada
nad kliničkim merenjima.
nad kliničkim merenjima.
05:55
It blinds doctors to patients' symptoms,
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Učini doktora slepim
za simptome pacijenta,
za simptome pacijenta,
05:59
family illnesses,
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porodične bolesti,
06:02
their history, their own illnesses
they might have --
they might have --
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njihovu istoriju,
bolesti koje možda imaju -
bolesti koje možda imaju -
06:06
all more evidence-based
than the patient's race.
than the patient's race.
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sve što je utemeljenije na dokazima
od pacijentove rase.
od pacijentove rase.
06:11
Race can't substitute
for these important clinical measures
for these important clinical measures
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Rasa ne može zameniti
te važne kliničke mere
te važne kliničke mere
06:16
without sacrificing patient well-being.
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bez žrtvovanja pacijentove dobrobiti.
06:21
Doctors also tell me
race is just one of many factors
race is just one of many factors
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Doktori mi takođe kažu da je rasa
samo jedan od mnogo faktora
samo jedan od mnogo faktora
06:25
they take into account,
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koje uzimaju u obzir,
06:27
but there are numerous medical tests,
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ali postoje brojni medicinski testovi,
06:29
like the GFR,
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poput GFR,
06:30
that use race categorically
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koji kategorično koriste rasu
06:34
to treat black, white,
Asian patients differently
Asian patients differently
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da bi se različito odnosili
prema belim, crnim i azijskim pacijentima
prema belim, crnim i azijskim pacijentima
06:38
just because of their race.
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samo zbog njihove rase.
06:41
Race medicine also leaves
patients of color especially vulnerable
patients of color especially vulnerable
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Rasna medicina takođe posebno čini
obojene pacijente podložnima
obojene pacijente podložnima
06:47
to harmful biases and stereotypes.
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štetnim predrasudama i stereotipima.
06:50
Black and Latino patients
are twice as likely
are twice as likely
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Crni i latinoamerički pacijenti
imaju dvostruko veću šansu
imaju dvostruko veću šansu
06:53
to receive no pain medication as whites
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da ne dobiju lekove za bolove
nego beli pacijenti
nego beli pacijenti
06:57
for the same painful long bone fractures
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za iste bolne prelome dugih kostiju
07:02
because of stereotypes
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zbog stereotipa
07:04
that black and brown people
feel less pain,
feel less pain,
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da crni i braon ljudi manje osećaju bol,
07:08
exaggerate their pain,
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preuveličavaju svoj bol
07:10
and are predisposed to drug addiction.
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i imaju sklonost ka zavisnosti od droga.
07:14
The Food and Drug Administration has even
approved a race-specific medicine.
approved a race-specific medicine.
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Uprava za hranu i lekove je čak odobrila
lek namenjen za određenu rasu.
lek namenjen za određenu rasu.
07:20
It's a pill called BiDil
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To je pilula pod nazivom „Bajdil“
za lečenje srčane insuficijencije
za lečenje srčane insuficijencije
07:22
to treat heart failure in self-identified
African-American patients.
African-American patients.
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kod pacijenata koji se identifikuju
kao Afroamerikanci.
kao Afroamerikanci.
07:27
A cardiologist developed this drug
without regard to race or genetics,
without regard to race or genetics,
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Kardiolog je stvorio ovaj lek
nevezano za rasu ili genetiku,
nevezano za rasu ili genetiku,
07:33
but it became convenient
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ali je postalo zgodno
07:36
for commercial reasons
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iz komercijalnih razloga
07:38
to market the drug to black patients.
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promovisati lek za pacijente crne rase.
07:42
The FDA then allowed
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Zatim je Uprava za hranu i lekove
dozvolila kompaniji za lekove
dozvolila kompaniji za lekove
07:44
the company, the drug company,
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07:47
to test the efficacy in a clinical trial
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da proveri delotvornost
u kliničkom ispitivanju
u kliničkom ispitivanju
07:51
that only included
African-American subjects.
African-American subjects.
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koje je obuhvatalo
samo afroameričke ispitanike.
samo afroameričke ispitanike.
07:56
It speculated
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Imalo je za teoriju
07:58
that race stood in as a proxy
for some unknown genetic factor
for some unknown genetic factor
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da rasa predstavlja posrednika
za neki nepoznati genetski faktor
za neki nepoznati genetski faktor
08:04
that affects heart disease
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koji utiče na oboljenje srca
08:07
or response to drugs.
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ili reakciju na lekove.
08:11
But think about
the dangerous message it sent,
the dangerous message it sent,
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Međutim, pomislite
kakvu opasnu poruku je ovo poslalo,
kakvu opasnu poruku je ovo poslalo,
08:15
that black people's bodies
are so substandard,
are so substandard,
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da su tela ljudi crne rase
toliko ispod standarda
toliko ispod standarda
08:19
a drug tested in them
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da za lek testiran na njima
08:21
is not guaranteed
to work in other patients.
to work in other patients.
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nije pouzdano da će delovati
kod drugih pacijenata.
kod drugih pacijenata.
08:26
In the end, the drug company's
marketing scheme failed.
marketing scheme failed.
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Na kraju, marketinški plan
kompanije lekova je propao.
kompanije lekova je propao.
08:30
For one thing, black patients
were understandably wary
were understandably wary
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Kao prvo, pacijenti crne rase
su bili razumljivo obazrivi
su bili razumljivo obazrivi
08:34
of using a drug just for black people.
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kada je u pitanju korišćenje leka
namenjenog samo za crnce.
namenjenog samo za crnce.
08:38
One elderly black woman stood up
in a community meeting and shouted,
in a community meeting and shouted,
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Jedna starija crnkinja je ustala
na jednom sastanku u zajednici i povikala:
na jednom sastanku u zajednici i povikala:
08:42
"Give me what the white
people are taking!"
people are taking!"
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„Daj mi šta belci uzimaju!“
08:44
(Laughter)
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(Smeh)
08:47
And if you find race-specific
medicine surprising,
medicine surprising,
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Ako vas iznenađuje
medicina zasnovana na rasi,
medicina zasnovana na rasi,
08:52
wait until you learn
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čekajte dok ne čujete
08:54
that many doctors in the United States
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da mnogi doktori u Sjedinjenim Državama
08:57
still use an updated version
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još koriste modernizovanu verziju
09:00
of a diagnostic tool
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dijagnostičkog instrumenta
09:02
that was developed by a physician
during the slavery era,
during the slavery era,
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koji je izumeo lekar
tokom perioda robovlasništva,
tokom perioda robovlasništva,
09:06
a diagnostic tool that is tightly linked
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dijagnostičkog instrumenta
koji je usko povezan
koji je usko povezan
09:09
to justifications for slavery.
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sa opravdanjima za držanje pod ropstvom.
Dr Semjuel Kartrajt je diplomirao
09:13
Dr. Samuel Cartwright graduated
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09:16
from the University
of Pennsylvania Medical School.
of Pennsylvania Medical School.
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na Medicinskoj školi
Univerziteta u Pensilvaniji.
Univerziteta u Pensilvaniji.
09:19
He practiced in the Deep South
before the Civil War,
before the Civil War,
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Bavio se medicinom na dubokom jugu
pre Građanskog rata
pre Građanskog rata
09:23
and he was a well-known expert
on what was then called "Negro medicine."
on what was then called "Negro medicine."
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i bio je poznati stručnjak
za ono što se zvalo „crnačkom medicinom“.
za ono što se zvalo „crnačkom medicinom“.
09:28
He promoted the racial concept of disease,
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Promovisao je rasni koncept bolesti,
09:31
that people of different races
suffer from different diseases
suffer from different diseases
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da ljudi različitih rasa
pate od različitih bolesti
pate od različitih bolesti
09:35
and experience
common diseases differently.
common diseases differently.
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i imaju različit doživljaj
zajedničkih bolesti.
zajedničkih bolesti.
09:39
Cartwright argued in the 1850s
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Kartrajt je tvrdio 1850-ih godina
09:43
that slavery was beneficial
for black people
for black people
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da je ropstvo korisno za ljude crne rase
09:47
for medical reasons.
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iz medicinskih razloga.
09:49
He claimed that because black people
have lower lung capacity than whites,
have lower lung capacity than whites,
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Tvrdio je da, zato što crnci imaju
manji kapacitet pluća od belaca,
manji kapacitet pluća od belaca,
09:54
forced labor was good for them.
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prinudni rad je dobar za njih.
09:57
He wrote in a medical journal,
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Napisao je u medicinskom časopisu:
10:00
"It is the red vital blood
sent to the brain
sent to the brain
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„Crvena vitalna krv koja se šalje u mozak
10:03
that liberates their minds
when under the white man's control,
when under the white man's control,
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je ono što oslobađa njihov um
kada su pod kontrolom belog čoveka,
kada su pod kontrolom belog čoveka,
10:07
and it is the want of sufficiency
of red vital blood
of red vital blood
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a želja za potrebnom količinom
crvene vitalne krvi
crvene vitalne krvi
10:11
that chains their minds to ignorance
and barbarism when in freedom."
and barbarism when in freedom."
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je ono što im prikuje um za neznanje
i varvarizam kada su na slobodi.“
i varvarizam kada su na slobodi.“
10:17
To support this theory,
Cartwright helped to perfect
Cartwright helped to perfect
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Da bi potkrepio ovu teoriju,
Kartrajt je potpomogao usavršavanje
Kartrajt je potpomogao usavršavanje
10:20
a medical device for measuring breathing
called the spirometer
called the spirometer
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medicinske naprave
za merenje disanja zvane spirometar
za merenje disanja zvane spirometar
10:26
to show the presumed deficiency
in black people's lungs.
in black people's lungs.
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da bi pokazao pretpostavljeni nedostatak
u plućima ljudi crne rase.
u plućima ljudi crne rase.
10:31
Today, doctors still
uphold Cartwright's claim
uphold Cartwright's claim
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Doktori danas i dalje podržavaju
Kartrajtovu tvrdnju
Kartrajtovu tvrdnju
10:37
the black people as a race
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da crnci kao rasa
10:40
have lower lung capacity
than white people.
than white people.
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imaju manji kapacitet pluća od belaca.
10:44
Some even use a modern day spirometer
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Neki čak koriste i savremeni spirometar
10:48
that actually has a button labeled "race"
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koji zapravo ima dugme za oznakom „rasa“,
10:52
so the machine adjusts the measurement
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tako da mašina prilagodi merenje
10:55
for each patient
according to his or her race.
according to his or her race.
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svakome pacijentu
prema njegovoj ili njenoj rasi.
prema njegovoj ili njenoj rasi.
10:59
It's a well-known function
called "correcting for race."
called "correcting for race."
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To je poznata funkcija
zvana „podešavanje prema rasi“.
zvana „podešavanje prema rasi“.
11:05
The problem with race medicine
extends far beyond misdiagnosing patients.
extends far beyond misdiagnosing patients.
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Problem rasne medicine daleko prevazilazi
pogrešno dijagnostikovanje pacijenata.
pogrešno dijagnostikovanje pacijenata.
11:11
Its focus on innate
racial differences in disease
racial differences in disease
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Njen fokus na urođenim
rasnim razlikama kod bolesti
rasnim razlikama kod bolesti
11:16
diverts attention and resources
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skreće pažnju i resurse
11:19
from the social determinants
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od društvenih odlučujućih faktora
11:21
that cause appalling
racial gaps in health:
racial gaps in health:
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koji uzrokuju užasne rasne praznine
u oblasti zdravstva:
u oblasti zdravstva:
11:25
lack of access
to high-quality medical care;
to high-quality medical care;
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nedostatak pristupa
medicinskoj nezi visokog kvaliteta,
medicinskoj nezi visokog kvaliteta,
11:29
food deserts in poor neighborhoods;
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nestašice hrane u siromašnim krajevima,
11:33
exposure to environmental toxins;
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izloženost otrovnim supstancama
u životnom okruženju,
u životnom okruženju,
11:37
high rates of incarceration;
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visoka stopa hapšenja,
11:39
and experiencing the stress
of racial discrimination.
of racial discrimination.
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kao i suočavanje sa stresom
usled rasne diskriminacije.
usled rasne diskriminacije.
11:45
You see, race is not a biological category
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Vidite, rasa nije biološka kategorija
11:48
that naturally produces
these health disparities
these health disparities
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koja prirodno stvara
ove zdravstvene nejednakosti
ove zdravstvene nejednakosti
11:52
because of genetic difference.
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zbog genetskih razlika.
11:55
Race is a social category
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Rasa je društvena kategorija
11:57
that has staggering
biological consequences,
biological consequences,
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koja ima zapanjujuće biološke posledice,
12:01
but because of the impact
of social inequality on people's health.
of social inequality on people's health.
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ali zbog uticaja društvene nejednakosti
na zdravlje ljudi.
na zdravlje ljudi.
12:07
Yet race medicine pretends
the answer to these gaps in health
the answer to these gaps in health
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Ipak, rasna medicina se pretvara
da se odgovor na ove praznine u zdravstvu
da se odgovor na ove praznine u zdravstvu
12:11
can be found in a race-specific pill.
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može naći u piluli
namenjenoj određenoj rasi.
namenjenoj određenoj rasi.
12:14
It's much easier and more lucrative
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Mnogo je lakše i isplativije
12:17
to market a technological fix
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promovisati tehnološko brzo rešenje
12:20
for these gaps in health
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za ove nedostatke u zdravstvu
12:22
than to deal with the structural
inequities that produce them.
inequities that produce them.
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nego se baviti strukturalnim nepravdama
koje ih proizvode.
koje ih proizvode.
12:29
The reason I'm so passionate
about ending race medicine
about ending race medicine
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Razlog zbog kojeg se tako vatreno zalažem
za okončanje rasne medicine
za okončanje rasne medicine
12:34
isn't just because it's bad medicine.
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nije samo zato što je to loša medicina.
12:37
I'm also on this mission
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Takođe sam na ovoj misiji
12:39
because the way doctors practice medicine
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jer način na koji se doktori
bave medicinom
bave medicinom
12:42
continues to promote
a false and toxic view of humanity.
a false and toxic view of humanity.
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nastavlja da promoviše
lažno i toksično sagledavanje čovečanstva.
lažno i toksično sagledavanje čovečanstva.
12:48
Despite the many visionary breakthroughs
in medicine we've been learning about,
in medicine we've been learning about,
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Uprkos mnogim vizionarskim dostignućima
u medicini o kojima saznajemo,
u medicini o kojima saznajemo,
12:54
there's a failure of imagination
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postoji nedostatak mašte
12:57
when it comes to race.
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kada se radi o rasi.
13:00
Would you imagine with me, just a moment:
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Da li biste zamislili sa mnom,
samo na trenutak,
samo na trenutak,
13:04
What would happen if doctors
stopped treating patients by race?
stopped treating patients by race?
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šta bi bilo kada bi doktori
prestali da leče pacijente prema rasi?
prestali da leče pacijente prema rasi?
13:12
Suppose they rejected
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Recimo da odbace
13:14
an 18th-century classification system
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klasifikacioni sistem iz 18. veka
13:18
and incorporated instead
the most advanced knowledge
the most advanced knowledge
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i umesto toga usvoje najnaprednije znanje
13:22
of human genetic diversity and unity,
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ljudske genetske različitosti i jedinstva,
13:25
that human beings cannot be categorized
into biological races?
into biological races?
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da se ljudska bića ne mogu svrstavati
u kategorije bioloških rasa.
u kategorije bioloških rasa.
13:32
What if, instead of using race
as a crude proxy
as a crude proxy
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Šta ako bi, umesto korišćenja rase
kao grubog pomoćnog sredstva
kao grubog pomoćnog sredstva
13:37
for some more important factor,
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za dolaženje do nekog važnijeg faktora,
13:39
doctors actually investigated
and addressed that more important factor?
and addressed that more important factor?
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doktori zapravo ispitali
i bavili se tim važnijim faktorom?
i bavili se tim važnijim faktorom?
13:46
What if doctors joined the forefront
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Šta bi bilo kada bi se doktori
priključili prvim redovima
priključili prvim redovima
13:49
of a movement to end
the structural inequities
the structural inequities
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pokreta za okončanje
strukturalnih nejednakosti
strukturalnih nejednakosti
13:53
caused by racism,
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prouzrokovanih rasizmom,
13:55
not by genetic difference?
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a ne genetskim razlikama?
14:01
Race medicine is bad medicine,
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Rasna medicina je loša medicina,
14:05
it's poor science
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to je loša nauka
14:07
and it's a false
interpretation of humanity.
interpretation of humanity.
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i lažno predstavljanje ljudskog roda.
14:11
It is more urgent than ever
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Hitnije je nego ikada
14:14
to finally abandon this backward legacy
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da se konačno napusti ovo nazadno nasleđe
14:18
and to affirm our common humanity
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i da potvrdimo našu zajedničku ljudskost
14:22
by ending the social inequalities
that truly divide us.
that truly divide us.
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okončanjem društvenih nejednakosti
koje nas zaista razdvajaju.
koje nas zaista razdvajaju.
Hvala.
14:28
Thank you.
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14:29
(Applause)
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(Aplauz)
14:31
Thank you. Thanks.
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Hvala. Hvala vam.
Hvala.
14:34
Thank you.
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ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Dorothy Roberts - Professor, author and social justice advocateGlobal scholar, University of Pennsylvania civil rights sociologist and law professor Dorothy Roberts exposes the myths of race-based medicine.
Why you should listen
Internationally recognized scholar, public intellectual and social justice advocate Dorothy Roberts studies the interplay of gender, race and class in legal issues. She has been a leader in transforming public thinking and policy on reproductive health, child welfare and bioethics.
Professor of Africana Studies, Law & Sociology at the University of Pennsylvania, Dorothy directs the Penn Program on Race, Science and Society. She has authored and co-edited ten books, including the award-winning Killing the Black Body and Shattered Bonds. Her latest book is Fatal Invention: How Science, Politics, and Big Business Re-create Race in the Twenty-First Century. She received the 2015 Solomon Carter Fuller Award from the American Psychiatric Association for "providing significant benefit for the quality of life for Black people."
Dorothy Roberts | Speaker | TED.com