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Paula Hammond: A new superweapon in the fight against cancer
Pola Hemond (Paula Hammond): Novo superoružje u borbi protiv raka
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Rak je vrlo snalažljiva, prilagodljiva bolest. Da bismo je pobedili, kako kaže medicinski istraživač i predavač Pola Hemond, potreban nam je nov i moćan način napada. Sa svojim kolegama na MIT-u, Hemondova je konstruisala nanočesticu veličine stotog dela ljudske dlake, koja može lečiti najagresivnije vrste raka otporne na lekove. Saznajte više o ovom molekularnom superoružju i pridružite se potrazi Hamondove u borbi protiv bolesti koja pogađa sve nas.
Paula Hammond - Medical researcher and educator
Paula Hammond, head of MIT's Department of Chemical Engineering, is developing new technologies to kill cancer cells. Full bio
Paula Hammond, head of MIT's Department of Chemical Engineering, is developing new technologies to kill cancer cells. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
Rak pogađa sve nas,
00:12
Cancer affects all of us --
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00:15
especially the ones that come
back over and over again,
back over and over again,
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naročito njegove vrste
koje se vraćaju iznova i iznova,
koje se vraćaju iznova i iznova,
00:18
the highly invasive
and drug-resistant ones,
and drug-resistant ones,
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one koje su izuzetno invazivne
i otporne na lekove,
i otporne na lekove,
00:21
the ones that defy medical treatment,
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koje se opiru medicinskom lečenju,
00:23
even when we throw our best drugs at them.
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čak i kada ih napadamo najboljim lekovima.
Inženjering na molekularnom nivou,
00:27
Engineering at the molecular level,
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00:30
working at the smallest of scales,
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rad na najmanjem mogućem nivou
00:32
can provide exciting new ways
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može pružiti uzbudljive nove načine
00:35
to fight the most aggressive
forms of cancer.
forms of cancer.
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za borbu usmerenu
protiv najagresivnijih oblika raka.
protiv najagresivnijih oblika raka.
00:39
Cancer is a very clever disease.
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Rak je vrlo snalažljiva bolest.
00:42
There are some forms of cancer,
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Postoje neki oblici raka
za koje smo, srećom,
za koje smo, srećom,
00:43
which, fortunately, we've learned
how to address relatively well
how to address relatively well
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relativno dobro naučili
kako da se postaramo
kako da se postaramo
00:48
with known and established
drugs and surgery.
drugs and surgery.
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poznatim i potvrđenim lekovima
i operacijama.
i operacijama.
00:52
But there are some forms of cancer
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Međutim, postoje neke vrste raka
00:54
that don't respond to these approaches,
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koje ne reaguju na te pristupe
00:56
and the tumor survives or comes back,
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i tumor preživi ili se vrati,
00:59
even after an onslaught of drugs.
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čak i nakon snažnog napada lekovima.
01:02
We can think of these
very aggressive forms of cancer
very aggressive forms of cancer
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Možemo da zamislimo
te vrlo agresivne oblike raka
te vrlo agresivne oblike raka
01:06
as kind of supervillains in a comic book.
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kao superzlikovce u stripovima.
01:09
They're clever, they're adaptable,
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Pametni su, prilagodljivi
01:12
and they're very good at staying alive.
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i vrlo uspešni u preživljavanju.
01:15
And, like most supervillains these days,
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Takođe, kao i kod većine superzlikovaca
u poslednje vreme,
u poslednje vreme,
01:18
their superpowers come
from a genetic mutation.
from a genetic mutation.
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njihove supermoći proističu
iz genetske mutacije.
iz genetske mutacije.
01:24
The genes that are modified
inside these tumor cells
inside these tumor cells
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Geni koji su izmenjeni
unutar ćelija tumora
unutar ćelija tumora
01:27
can enable and encode for new
and unimagined modes of survival,
and unimagined modes of survival,
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mogu da osposobe i pronađu ključ
za nove nezamislive vidove preživljavanja,
za nove nezamislive vidove preživljavanja,
01:32
allowing the cancer cell to live through
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omogućavajući ćelijama raka da prežive
01:35
even our best chemotherapy treatments.
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čak i naša najbolja lečenja hemoterapijom.
01:38
One example is a trick
in which a gene allows a cell,
in which a gene allows a cell,
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Jedan od primera je trik
u kome gen omogućava da ćelija,
u kome gen omogućava da ćelija,
01:43
even as the drug approaches the cell,
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čak i dok se lek približava ćeliji,
01:46
to push the drug out,
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istisne lek,
01:49
before the drug can have any effect.
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pre nego što on može ostvariti dejstvo.
01:52
Imagine -- the cell effectively
spits out the drug.
spits out the drug.
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Zamislite, ćelija efikasno odbacuje lek.
01:56
This is just one example
of the many genetic tricks
of the many genetic tricks
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Ovo je samo jedan primer
od mnogo genetskih trikova
od mnogo genetskih trikova
01:59
in the bag of our supervillain, cancer.
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u vreći našeg superzlikovca, raka.
02:01
All due to mutant genes.
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Sve to je zahvaljujući mutantskim genima.
02:04
So, we have a supervillain
with incredible superpowers.
with incredible superpowers.
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Dakle, imamo superzlikovca
sa neverovatnim supermoćima.
sa neverovatnim supermoćima.
02:09
And we need a new and powerful
mode of attack.
mode of attack.
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Potreban nam je nov i snažan način napada.
02:13
Actually, we can turn off a gene.
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Zapravo, možemo isključiti gen.
02:17
The key is a set of molecules
known as siRNA.
known as siRNA.
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Ključ je grupa molekula
poznata kao siRNK.
poznata kao siRNK.
02:21
siRNA are short sequences of genetic code
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Ona predstavlja
kratke nizove genetskog koda
kratke nizove genetskog koda
02:25
that guide a cell to block a certain gene.
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koji dovode do toga
da ćelija blokira određeni gen.
da ćelija blokira određeni gen.
02:28
Each siRNA molecule
can turn off a specific gene
can turn off a specific gene
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Svaki siRNK molekul
može da isključi određeni gen
može da isključi određeni gen
02:32
inside the cell.
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unutar ćelije.
02:35
For many years since its discovery,
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Mnogo godina od njenog otkrića,
02:37
scientists have been very excited
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naučnici su bili veoma uzbuđeni
02:39
about how we can apply
these gene blockers in medicine.
these gene blockers in medicine.
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zbog načina na koje možemo primeniti
te blokatore gena u medicini.
te blokatore gena u medicini.
02:43
But, there is a problem.
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Međutim, postoji problem.
02:44
siRNA works well inside the cell.
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Molekul siRNK dobro funkcioniše
unutar ćelije,
unutar ćelije,
02:47
But if it gets exposed to the enzymes
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ali kada je izložen enzimima
02:50
that reside in our bloodstream
or our tissues,
or our tissues,
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koji se nalaze u našem krvotoku
ili našim tkivima,
ili našim tkivima,
02:53
it degrades within seconds.
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razgrađuje se za nekoliko sekundi.
02:55
It has to be packaged, protected
through its journey through the body
through its journey through the body
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Mora da se upakuje i zaštiti
tokom svog putovanja kroz telo,
tokom svog putovanja kroz telo,
03:00
on its way to the final target
inside the cancer cell.
inside the cancer cell.
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na svom putu ka krajnjoj meti
unutar ćelije raka.
unutar ćelije raka.
03:03
So, here's our strategy.
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Dakle, evo naše strategije.
03:06
First, we'll dose the cancer cell
with siRNA, the gene blocker,
with siRNA, the gene blocker,
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Najpre ćeliji raka
damo dozu siRNK-a, blokatora gena,
damo dozu siRNK-a, blokatora gena,
i zaustavimo te gene za preživljavanje,
03:10
and silence those survival genes,
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a zatim je dotučemo hemoterapijom.
03:11
and then we'll whop it with a chemo drug.
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Kako da to sprovedemo?
03:14
But how do we carry that out?
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03:16
Using molecular engineering,
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Pomoću molekularnog inženjeringa,
03:19
we can actually design a superweapon
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možemo konstruisati superoružje
03:23
that can travel through the bloodstream.
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koje može da putuje kroz krvotok.
03:25
It has to be tiny enough
to get through the bloodstream,
to get through the bloodstream,
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Mora da bude dovoljno malo
da prođe kroz krvotok,
da prođe kroz krvotok,
03:28
it's got to be small enough
to penetrate the tumor tissue,
to penetrate the tumor tissue,
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dovoljno malo da prodre u tkivo tumora
03:32
and it's got to be tiny enough
to be taken up inside the cancer cell.
to be taken up inside the cancer cell.
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i mora da bude dovoljno malo
da ga ćelija raka može preuzeti u sebe.
da ga ćelija raka može preuzeti u sebe.
03:37
To do this job well,
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Da bi dobro obavila zadatak,
03:38
it has to be about one one-hundredth
the size of a human hair.
the size of a human hair.
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mora otprilike biti veličine
stotog dela ljudske dlake.
stotog dela ljudske dlake.
03:44
Let's take a closer look
at how we can build this nanoparticle.
at how we can build this nanoparticle.
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Hajde da bliže pogledamo
kako možemo da sačinimo ovu nanočesticu.
kako možemo da sačinimo ovu nanočesticu.
03:49
First, let's start
with the nanoparticle core.
with the nanoparticle core.
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Prvo, započnimo jezgrom nanočestice.
03:51
It's a tiny capsule that contains
the chemotherapy drug.
the chemotherapy drug.
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To je malena kapsula
koja sadrži lek hemoterapije.
koja sadrži lek hemoterapije.
03:56
This is the poison that will
actually end the tumor cell's life.
actually end the tumor cell's life.
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To je otrov koji će okončati
život ćelije tumora.
život ćelije tumora.
04:00
Around this core, we'll wrap a very thin,
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Oko tog jezgra obmotaćemo vrlo tanak,
04:03
nanometers-thin blanket of siRNA.
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nekoliko nanometara tanak prekrivač
molekula siRNK.
molekula siRNK.
04:06
This is our gene blocker.
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To je naš blokator gena.
04:09
Because siRNA is strongly
negatively charged,
negatively charged,
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Zato što je siRNK
jako negativno naelektrisan,
jako negativno naelektrisan,
04:12
we can protect it
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možemo ga zaštititi
04:14
with a nice, protective layer
of positively charged polymer.
of positively charged polymer.
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finim zaštitnim slojem
pozitivno naelektrisanog polimera.
pozitivno naelektrisanog polimera.
04:19
The two oppositely charged
molecules stick together
molecules stick together
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Dva suprotno naelektrisana molekula
se priljube zajedno
se priljube zajedno
04:22
through charge attraction,
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pomoću privlačenja naboja,
04:24
and that provides us
with a protective layer
with a protective layer
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a to nam obezbeđuje zaštitni sloj
04:26
that prevents the siRNA
from degrading in the bloodstream.
from degrading in the bloodstream.
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koji sprečava da se siRNK
razgradi u krvotoku.
razgradi u krvotoku.
04:30
We're almost done.
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Skoro da smo završili.
04:31
(Laughter)
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(Smeh)
04:32
But there is one more big obstacle
we have to think about.
we have to think about.
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Ipak, postoji još jedna velika prepreka
o kojoj moramo da mislimo.
o kojoj moramo da mislimo.
04:37
In fact, it may be the biggest
obstacle of all.
obstacle of all.
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Zapravo, to je možda
najveća prepreka od svih.
najveća prepreka od svih.
04:39
How do we deploy this superweapon?
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Kako da primenimo ovo superoružje?
04:41
I mean, every good weapon
needs to be targeted,
needs to be targeted,
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Mislim, svako dobro oružje
mora da ima metu,
mora da ima metu,
04:44
we have to target this superweapon
to the supervillain cells
to the supervillain cells
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moramo da naciljamo to superoružje
ka ćelijama superzlikovca
ka ćelijama superzlikovca
04:48
that reside in the tumor.
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koje se nalaze u tumoru.
04:50
But our bodies have a natural
immune-defense system:
immune-defense system:
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Međutim, naše telo ima
prirodni imuni sistem za obranu,
prirodni imuni sistem za obranu,
04:53
cells that reside in the bloodstream
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ćelije koje postoje u krvotoku
04:55
and pick out things that don't belong,
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i prepoznaju šta tu ne pripada,
04:58
so that it can destroy or eliminate them.
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tako da to mogu da unište ili uklone.
05:00
And guess what? Our nanoparticle
is considered a foreign object.
is considered a foreign object.
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Pogodite šta? Naša nanočestica
se smatra stranim telom.
se smatra stranim telom.
05:05
We have to sneak our nanoparticle
past the tumor defense system.
past the tumor defense system.
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Moramo da prokrijumčarimo nanočesticu
pored sistema odbrane tumora.
pored sistema odbrane tumora.
05:09
We have to get it past this mechanism
of getting rid of the foreign object
of getting rid of the foreign object
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Moramo da je dovedemo krišom
od ovog mehanizma uklanjanja stranih tela
od ovog mehanizma uklanjanja stranih tela
05:16
by disguising it.
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tako što ćemo je maskirati.
05:17
So we add one more
negatively charged layer
negatively charged layer
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Zato dodajemo još jedan sloj
negativnog naboja
negativnog naboja
05:21
around this nanoparticle,
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oko te nanočestice,
05:23
which serves two purposes.
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što ima dve svrhe.
05:25
First, this outer layer is one
of the naturally charged,
of the naturally charged,
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Prvo, taj spoljašnji sloj
je jedan od prirodno naelektrisanih,
je jedan od prirodno naelektrisanih,
05:29
highly hydrated polysaccharides
that resides in our body.
that resides in our body.
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visoko hidriranih polisaharida
koji postoje u našem telu.
koji postoje u našem telu.
05:33
It creates a cloud of water molecules
around the nanoparticle
around the nanoparticle
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On stvara oblak molekula vode
oko nanočestice,
oko nanočestice,
05:38
that gives us an invisibility
cloaking effect.
cloaking effect.
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što nam daje efekat nevidljivog zastora.
05:42
This invisibility cloak allows
the nanoparticle
the nanoparticle
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Nevidljivi zastor omogućava nanočestici
05:44
to travel through the bloodstream
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da putuje kroz krvotok
05:46
long and far enough to reach the tumor,
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dovoljno dugo i daleko
da stigne do tumora,
da stigne do tumora,
05:49
without getting eliminated by the body.
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a da je telo ne ukloni.
05:52
Second, this layer contains molecules
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Drugo, ovaj sloj sadrži molekule
05:56
which bind specifically to our tumor cell.
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koji se posebno vezuju za ćeliju tumora.
06:00
Once bound, the cancer cell
takes up the nanoparticle,
takes up the nanoparticle,
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Kada se jednom vežu, ćelija raka
preuzima nanočesticu
preuzima nanočesticu
06:04
and now we have our nanoparticle
inside the cancer cell
inside the cancer cell
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i sada imamo nanočesticu
unutar ćelije raka
unutar ćelije raka
06:09
and ready to deploy.
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i spremnu da se aktivira.
06:11
Alright! I feel the same way. Let's go!
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To! I ja se isto tako osećam. Hajdemo!
06:13
(Applause)
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(Aplauz)
06:20
The siRNA is deployed first.
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Molekul siRNK nastupa prvi.
06:24
It acts for hours,
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Deluje satima,
06:25
giving enough time to silence
and block those survival genes.
and block those survival genes.
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dajući dovoljno vremena da se zaustave
i blokiraju ti geni za preživljavanje.
i blokiraju ti geni za preživljavanje.
06:31
We have now disabled
those genetic superpowers.
those genetic superpowers.
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Sada smo onesposobili
te genetske supermoći.
te genetske supermoći.
06:35
What remains is a cancer cell
with no special defenses.
with no special defenses.
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Ono što ostaje je ćelija raka
bez naročitih odbrana.
bez naročitih odbrana.
06:38
Then, the chemotherapy drug
comes out of the core
comes out of the core
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Tada hemoterapijski lek izlazi iz jezgra
06:41
and destroys the tumor cell
cleanly and efficiently.
cleanly and efficiently.
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i uništava ćeliju tumora
čisto i efikasno.
čisto i efikasno.
06:46
With sufficient gene blockers,
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Sa dovoljno blokatora gena,
06:48
we can address many
different kinds of mutations,
different kinds of mutations,
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možemo se pobrinuti
za mnogo različitih vrsta mutacija,
za mnogo različitih vrsta mutacija,
06:51
allowing the chance to sweep out tumors,
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što bi dalo šansu da oteramo tumore,
06:54
without leaving behind any bad guys.
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bez ostavljanja negativaca.
06:56
So, how does our strategy work?
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Pa, kako naša strategija funkcioniše?
Testirali smo na životinjama
ove nanočestice
ove nanočestice
07:01
We've tested these nanostructure
particles in animals
particles in animals
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07:05
using a highly aggressive form
of triple-negative breast cancer.
of triple-negative breast cancer.
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koristeći izrazito agresivnu vrstu
trostruko negativnog raka dojke.
trostruko negativnog raka dojke.
07:09
This triple-negative breast cancer
exhibits the gene
exhibits the gene
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Trostruko negativni rak dojke
pokazuje gen
pokazuje gen
07:11
that spits out cancer drug
as soon as it is delivered.
as soon as it is delivered.
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koji izbacuje lek protiv raka
čim se on unese.
čim se on unese.
07:15
Usually, doxorubicin -- let's call
it "dox" -- is the cancer drug
it "dox" -- is the cancer drug
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Obično je doksorubicin -
zvaćemo ga doks -
zvaćemo ga doks -
lek protiv raka koji čini
prvu liniju lečenja kod raka dojke.
prvu liniju lečenja kod raka dojke.
07:20
that is the first line of treatment
for breast cancer.
for breast cancer.
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07:24
So, we first treated our animals
with a dox core, dox only.
with a dox core, dox only.
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Dakle, prvo smo lečili životinje
jezgrom doksa, samo doksom.
jezgrom doksa, samo doksom.
07:30
The tumor slowed their rate of growth,
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Tempo rasta tumora je usporio,
07:32
but they still grew rapidly,
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ali i dalje su brzo rasli,
07:34
doubling in size
over a period of two weeks.
over a period of two weeks.
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udvostručivši se
tokom perioda od dve nedelje.
tokom perioda od dve nedelje.
07:37
Then, we tried
our combination superweapon.
our combination superweapon.
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Zatim smo probali
naše kombinovano superoružje.
naše kombinovano superoružje.
07:41
A nanolayer particle with siRNA
against the chemo pump,
against the chemo pump,
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Čestica nanosloja sa siRNK-om
naspram pumpe za hemoterapiju,
naspram pumpe za hemoterapiju,
07:45
plus, we have the dox in the core.
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a pored toga imamo i doks u jezgru.
07:48
And look -- we found that not only
did the tumors stop growing,
did the tumors stop growing,
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Pogledajte, otkrili smo
ne samo da su tumori prestali da rastu,
ne samo da su tumori prestali da rastu,
07:53
they actually decreased in size
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već su se zapravo smanjili
07:55
and were eliminated in some cases.
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i bili uklonjeni u nekim slučajevima.
07:58
The tumors were actually regressing.
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Tumori su se zaista povlačili.
08:01
(Applause)
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(Aplauz)
Sjajna stvar u vezi sa ovim pristupom
jeste to da može biti personalizovan.
jeste to da može biti personalizovan.
08:09
What's great about this approach
is that it can be personalized.
is that it can be personalized.
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08:13
We can add many different layers of siRNA
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Možemo dodati
više različitih slojeva siRNK-a
više različitih slojeva siRNK-a
08:16
to address different mutations
and tumor defense mechanisms.
and tumor defense mechanisms.
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da bismo se usmerili na različite mutacije
i mehanizme odbrane tumora.
i mehanizme odbrane tumora.
08:20
And we can put different drugs
into the nanoparticle core.
into the nanoparticle core.
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Možemo staviti i različite lekove
u središte nanočestice.
u središte nanočestice.
08:23
As doctors learn how to test patients
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Kako doktori budu saznavali
kako da testiraju pacijente
kako da testiraju pacijente
08:27
and understand certain
tumor genetic types,
tumor genetic types,
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i shvatali određene
genetske tipove tumora,
genetske tipove tumora,
08:30
they can help us determine which patients
can benefit from this strategy
can benefit from this strategy
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mogu nam pomoći da odredimo
kojim pacijentima
može koristiti ova strategija
može koristiti ova strategija
08:34
and which gene blockers we can use.
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i koje blokatore gena možemo da koristimo.
08:38
Ovarian cancer strikes
a special chord with me.
a special chord with me.
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Rak jajnika me posebno dira u žicu.
08:41
It is a very aggressive cancer,
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To je vrlo agresivan rak,
08:43
in part because it's discovered
at very late stages,
at very late stages,
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delom zato što se otkriva
u vrlo kasnim fazama,
u vrlo kasnim fazama,
08:46
when it's highly advanced
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kada je dosta napredovao
08:47
and there are a number
of genetic mutations.
of genetic mutations.
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i postoji veliki broj genetskih mutacija.
08:50
After the first round of chemotherapy,
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Nakon prve ture hemoterapije,
08:53
this cancer comes back
for 75 percent of patients.
for 75 percent of patients.
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rak se vraća kod 75 odsto pacijenata
08:58
And it usually comes back
in a drug-resistant form.
in a drug-resistant form.
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i obično se vraća u obliku
koji je otporan na lekove.
koji je otporan na lekove.
09:02
High-grade ovarian cancer
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Rak jajnika visokog stepena
09:03
is one of the biggest
supervillains out there.
supervillains out there.
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je jedan od najvećih superzlikovaca.
09:06
And we're now directing our superweapon
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Sada usmeravamo naše superoružje
09:08
toward its defeat.
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ka njegovom porazu.
09:11
As a researcher,
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Kao istraživač,
09:12
I usually don't get to work with patients.
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obično nemam priliku
da radim sa pacijentima.
da radim sa pacijentima.
Ipak, nedavno sam upoznala majku
09:16
But I recently met a mother
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09:18
who is an ovarian cancer survivor,
Mimi, and her daughter, Paige.
Mimi, and her daughter, Paige.
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koja je preživela rak jajnika,
Mimi, kao i njenu ćerku Pejdž.
Mimi, kao i njenu ćerku Pejdž.
09:24
I was deeply inspired
by the optimism and strength
by the optimism and strength
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Duboko me je inspirisao optimizam i snaga
09:28
that both mother and daughter displayed
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koje su ispoljile majka i ćerka,
09:31
and by their story of courage and support.
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kao i njihova priča hrabrosti i podrške.
09:35
At this event, we spoke
about the different technologies
about the different technologies
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Na tom događaju smo govorili
o različitim tehnologijama
o različitim tehnologijama
09:38
directed at cancer.
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usmerenim protiv raka.
09:40
And Mimi was in tears
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Mimi je bila u suzama
09:41
as she explained how learning
about these efforts
about these efforts
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dok je objašnjavala kako joj saznanje
o ovim nastojanjima
o ovim nastojanjima
09:44
gives her hope for future generations,
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daje nadu za buduće generacije,
09:46
including her own daughter.
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uključujući njenu ćerku.
To me je zaista dirnulo.
09:49
This really touched me.
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09:51
It's not just about building
really elegant science.
really elegant science.
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Ne radi se samo o izgradnji
veoma elegantne nauke.
veoma elegantne nauke.
09:55
It's about changing people's lives.
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Radi se o menjanju života ljudi.
09:58
It's about understanding
the power of engineering
the power of engineering
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Radi se o razumevanju moći inženjeringa
10:01
on the scale of molecules.
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na molekularnom nivou.
10:03
I know that as students like Paige
move forward in their careers,
move forward in their careers,
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Znam da će, dok studenti poput Pejdž
budu napredovali u svojim karijerama,
budu napredovali u svojim karijerama,
10:07
they'll open new possibilities
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otvoriti nove mogućnosti za bavljenje
10:09
in addressing some of the big
health problems in the world --
health problems in the world --
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nekim od velikih svetskih problema
u oblasti zdravlja,
u oblasti zdravlja,
10:12
including ovarian cancer, neurological
disorders, infectious disease --
disorders, infectious disease --
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uključujući rak jajnika,
neurološka oboljenja, infektivne bolesti,
neurološka oboljenja, infektivne bolesti,
10:18
just as chemical engineering has
found a way to open doors for me,
found a way to open doors for me,
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baš kao što je hemijski inženjering
našao način da meni otvori vrata
našao način da meni otvori vrata
10:22
and has provided a way of engineering
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i pružio način inženjeringa
10:25
on the tiniest scale,
that of molecules,
that of molecules,
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na najsitnijem, molekularnom nivou,
10:28
to heal on the human scale.
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da bi doneo isceljenje na ljudskom nivou.
10:31
Thank you.
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Hvala.
10:32
(Applause)
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(Aplauz)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Paula Hammond - Medical researcher and educatorPaula Hammond, head of MIT's Department of Chemical Engineering, is developing new technologies to kill cancer cells.
Why you should listen
Professor Paula T. Hammond is the Head of the Department of Chemical Engineering and David H. Koch Chair Professor in Engineering at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology (MIT). She is a member of MIT's Koch Institute for Integrative Cancer Research, the MIT Energy Initiative and a founding member of the MIT Institute for Soldier Nanotechnology. She has recently been named the new head of the Department of Chemical Engineering (ChemE). She is the first woman and the first person of color appointed to the post. She also served as the Executive Officer (Associate Chair) of the Chemical Engineering Department (2008-2011).
Professor Hammond was elected into the 2013 Class of the American Academy of Arts and Sciences. She is also the recipient of the 2013 AIChE Charles M. A. Stine Award, which is bestowed annually to a leading researcher in recognition of outstanding contributions to the field of materials science and engineering, and the 2014 Alpha Chi Sigma Award for Chemical Engineering Research. She was also selected to receive the Department of Defense Ovarian Cancer Teal Innovator Award in 2013. She has been listed in the prestigious Highly Cited Researchers 2014 list, published by Thomson Reuters in the Materials Science category. This list contains the world's most influential researchers across 21 scientific disciplines based on highly cited papers in the 2002-2012 period. She is also included in the report: The World's Most Influential Scientific Minds 2014.
Professor Hammond serves as an Associate Editor of the American Chemical Society journal, ACS Nano. She has published over 250 scientific papers and holds over 20 patents based on her research at MIT. She was named a Fellow of the American Physical Society, the American Institute of Biological and Medical Engineers, and the American Chemical Society Polymer Division. In 2010, she was named the Scientist of the Year by the Harvard Foundation.
Professor Hammond received her B.S. in Chemical Engineering from MIT in 1984, and her M.S. from Georgia Tech in 1988 and earned her Ph.D. in 1993 from MIT.
Paula Hammond | Speaker | TED.com