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Marwa Al-Sabouni: How Syria's architecture laid the foundation for brutal war
Marva Al-Sabuni (Marwa Al-Sabouni): Kako je arhitektura Sirije postavila temelj brutalnom ratu
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Šta je dovelo do rata u Siriji? Represija, suša i verske razlike, sve je to igralo ključnu ulogu, ali Marva Al-Sabuni predlaže drugi razlog - arhitektura. Obraćajući nam se preko interneta iz Homsa, gde je poslednjih šest godina gledala kako joj rat razara grad, Al-Sabuni navodi da je arhitektura Sirije podelila njeno nekad tolerantno i multikulturalno društvo u enklave sa jednim identitetom koje definiše klasa i vera. Budućnost zemlje sada zavisi od toga kako odabere da se obnovi.
Marwa Al-Sabouni - Architect
Marwa Al-Sabouni suggests that architecture played a crucial role in the slow unraveling of Syrian cities' social fabric, preparing the way for once-friendly groups to become enemies instead of neighbors. Full bio
Marwa Al-Sabouni suggests that architecture played a crucial role in the slow unraveling of Syrian cities' social fabric, preparing the way for once-friendly groups to become enemies instead of neighbors. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
[Ovaj govor je snimljen u maju 2016.
preko interneta]
preko interneta]
u Homsu, gradu koji je uništen
u šestogodišnjem ratu u Siriji.]
u šestogodišnjem ratu u Siriji.]
Zdravo. Zovem se Marva
i arhitektkinja sam.
i arhitektkinja sam.
00:19
Hi. My name is Marwa,
and I'm an architect.
and I'm an architect.
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00:23
I was born and raised in Homs,
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Rođena sam i odrasla u Homsu,
00:25
a city in the central
western part of Syria,
western part of Syria,
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gradu u centralnom zapadnom delu Sirije
00:27
and I've always lived here.
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i oduvek sam živela ovde.
00:29
After six years of war,
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Nakon šest godina rata,
00:31
Homs is now a half-destroyed city.
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Homs je sada poluuništen grad.
00:34
My family and I were lucky;
our place is still standing.
our place is still standing.
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Moja porodica i ja smo imali sreće,
naš dom je još na mestu.
naš dom je još na mestu.
00:37
Although for two years,
we were like prisoners at home.
we were like prisoners at home.
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Međutim, dve godine smo bili
kao zatvorenici u domu.
kao zatvorenici u domu.
00:40
Outside there were demonstrations
and battles and bombings and snipers.
and battles and bombings and snipers.
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Napolju su bile demonstracije
i bitke i bombardovanje i snajperi.
i bitke i bombardovanje i snajperi.
00:46
My husband and I used to run
an architecture studio
an architecture studio
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Moj muž i ja smo vodili
arhitektonski studio
arhitektonski studio
00:49
in the old town main square.
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na starom glavnom trgu grada.
00:51
It's gone, as is most
of the old town itself.
of the old town itself.
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Njega više nema,
kao i većine starog grada.
kao i većine starog grada.
00:54
Half of the city's other neighborhoods
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Pola drugih područja grada
00:56
are now rubble.
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sravnjena su sa zemljom.
00:58
Since the ceasefire in late 2015,
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Nakon prestanka vatre krajem 2015,
01:00
large parts of Homs
have been more or less quiet.
have been more or less quiet.
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veći deo Homsa bio je manje-više tih.
01:03
The economy is completely broken,
and people are still fighting.
and people are still fighting.
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Ekonomija je u potpunom krahu
i ljudi se još bore.
i ljudi se još bore.
01:07
The merchants who had stalls
in the old city market
in the old city market
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Prodavci koji su imali tezge
na staroj pijaci u gradu
na staroj pijaci u gradu
01:09
now trade out of sheds on the streets.
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sada prodaju iz šupa na ulicama.
01:12
Under our apartment, there is a carpenter,
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Ispod našeg stana nalaze se: stolar,
01:14
sweetshops, a butcher, a printing house,
workshops, among many more.
workshops, among many more.
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poslastičar, mesar, štampar,
radionice i štošta još.
radionice i štošta još.
01:20
I have started teaching part-time,
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Počela sam da predajem honorarno,
01:22
and with my husband,
who juggles several jobs,
who juggles several jobs,
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i zajedno sa mužem,
koji radi nekoliko poslova,
koji radi nekoliko poslova,
01:24
we've opened a small bookshop.
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otvorili smo malu knjižaru.
01:26
Other people do all sorts
of jobs to get by.
of jobs to get by.
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Drugi ljudi rade razne poslove
kako bi preživeli.
kako bi preživeli.
01:30
When I look at my destroyed city,
of course, I ask myself:
of course, I ask myself:
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Kada pogledam svoj razoreni grad,
naravno da se zapitam:
naravno da se zapitam:
01:34
What has led to this senseless war?
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šta je dovelo do ovog besmislenog rata?
01:36
Syria was largely a place of tolerance,
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Sirija je većinom bila mesto tolerancije,
01:39
historically accustomed to variety,
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kroz istoriju priviknuta na raznovrsnost,
01:41
accommodating a wide range
of beliefs, origins, customs,
of beliefs, origins, customs,
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prihvatala je širok dijapazon
uverenja, porekla, običaja,
uverenja, porekla, običaja,
01:44
goods, food.
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dobara, hrane.
01:46
How did my country --
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Kako je moja zemlja -
01:47
a country with communities
living harmoniously together
living harmoniously together
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zemlja sa zajednicama koje su živele
zajedno u harmoniji
zajedno u harmoniji
01:50
and comfortable in discussing
their differences --
their differences --
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i slobodno pričale o svojim razlikama -
01:52
how did it degenerate into civil war,
violence, displacement
violence, displacement
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kako se upustila u građanski rat,
nasilje, raseljavanja
nasilje, raseljavanja
01:56
and unprecedented sectarian hatred?
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i neviđenu mržnju
prema verskoj različitosti?
prema verskoj različitosti?
02:00
There were many reasons
that had led to the war --
that had led to the war --
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Postoji mnogo razloga
zašto je došlo do rata -
zašto je došlo do rata -
02:03
social, political and economic.
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društveni, politički i ekonomski.
02:05
They all have played their role.
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Svi su imali svoju ulogu.
02:07
But I believe there is one key reason
that has been overlooked
that has been overlooked
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Ali verujem da postoji jedan razlog
koji je previđen
koji je previđen
02:11
and which is important to analyze,
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i koji je bitan za analizu,
02:13
because from it will largely depend
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jer će od njega uveliko zavisiti
02:15
whether we can make sure
that this doesn't happen again.
that this doesn't happen again.
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da li ćemo moći da se postaramo
da se ovo ne dogodi opet.
da se ovo ne dogodi opet.
02:19
And that reason is architecture.
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Taj razlog je arhitektura.
02:21
Architecture in my country
has played an important role
has played an important role
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Arhitektura moje zemlje
igrala je bitnu ulogu
igrala je bitnu ulogu
02:24
in creating, directing and amplifying
conflict between warring factions,
conflict between warring factions,
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u stvaranju, upravljanju i pojačavanju
konflikata između sukobljenih strana
konflikata između sukobljenih strana
02:28
and this is probably true
for other countries as well.
for other countries as well.
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i ovo je verovatno istinito
i za druge zemlje.
i za druge zemlje.
02:31
There is a sure correspondence
between the architecture of a place
between the architecture of a place
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Postoji jasno podudaranje
između arhitekture nekog mesta
između arhitekture nekog mesta
02:35
and the character of the community
that has settled there.
that has settled there.
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i karaktera zajednice
koja je u njemu naseljena.
koja je u njemu naseljena.
02:38
Architecture plays a key role
in whether a community crumbles
in whether a community crumbles
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Arhitektura igra ključnu ulogu
u tome da li će se zajednica raspasti
u tome da li će se zajednica raspasti
02:42
or comes together.
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ili udružiti.
02:44
Syrian society has long lived
the coexistence
the coexistence
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U sirijskom društvu
dugo se živelo zajedno -
dugo se živelo zajedno -
02:46
of different traditions and backgrounds.
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različite tradicije i porekla.
02:48
Syrians have experienced
the prosperity of open trade
the prosperity of open trade
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Sirijci su iskusili
uspeh otvorenog tržišta
uspeh otvorenog tržišta
02:51
and sustainable communities.
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i održivih zajednica.
02:53
They have enjoyed the true meaning
of belonging to a place,
of belonging to a place,
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Uživali su u pravom značenju
pripadanja nekom mestu
pripadanja nekom mestu
02:56
and that was reflected
in their built environment,
in their built environment,
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i to se oslikavalo u njihovim građevinama,
u džamijama i crkvama,
sagrađenim jednim pored drugih,
sagrađenim jednim pored drugih,
02:59
in the mosques and churches
built back-to-back,
built back-to-back,
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03:01
in the interwoven souks and public venues,
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u isprepletanim pijacama i javnim trgovima
03:04
and the proportions and sizes based
on principles of humanity and harmony.
on principles of humanity and harmony.
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i proporcijama i veličinama zasnovanim
na principima ljudskosti i harmonije.
na principima ljudskosti i harmonije.
03:08
This architecture of mixity
can still be read in the remains.
can still be read in the remains.
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Ova arhitektura izmešanosti
još se može videti u ruševinama.
još se može videti u ruševinama.
03:12
The old Islamic city in Syria
was built over a multilayered past,
was built over a multilayered past,
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Stari islamski grad u Siriji
napravljen je preko višeslojne prošlosti
napravljen je preko višeslojne prošlosti
03:16
integrating with it
and embracing its spirit.
and embracing its spirit.
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i integrisan je sa njom
i prihvatio je njen duh.
i prihvatio je njen duh.
03:18
So did its communities.
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To su uradile i zajednice.
03:20
People lived and worked with each other
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Ljudi su živeli i radili zajedno
03:22
in a place that gave them
a sense of belonging
a sense of belonging
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u mestu koje im je davalo
osećaj pripadanja
osećaj pripadanja
03:24
and made them feel at home.
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i toga da su kod kuće.
03:26
They shared a remarkably
unified existence.
unified existence.
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Delili su neverovatno
jedinstveno postojanje.
jedinstveno postojanje.
03:29
But over the last century,
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Ali tokom prošlog veka,
03:31
gradually this delicate balance
of these places has been interfered with;
of these places has been interfered with;
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postepeno je počelo mešanje
u delikatnu ravnotežu ovih mesta -
u delikatnu ravnotežu ovih mesta -
03:35
first, by the urban planners
of the colonial period,
of the colonial period,
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prvo su to bili urbanisti
iz kolonijalnog perioda,
iz kolonijalnog perioda,
03:38
when the French went
enthusiastically about,
enthusiastically about,
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kada su Francuzi išli okolo
puni entuzijazma,
puni entuzijazma,
03:40
transforming what they saw
as the un-modern Syrian cities.
as the un-modern Syrian cities.
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transformišući ono što su oni videli
kao nemoderne sirijske gradove.
kao nemoderne sirijske gradove.
03:43
They blew up city streets
and relocated monuments.
and relocated monuments.
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Raznosili su ulice grada
i prenosili spomenike.
i prenosili spomenike.
03:48
They called them improvements,
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Nazvali su to poboljšanjem
03:50
and they were the beginning
of a long, slow unraveling.
of a long, slow unraveling.
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i oni su bili početak
dugog, sporog odmotavanja.
dugog, sporog odmotavanja.
03:53
The traditional urbanism
and architecture of our cities
and architecture of our cities
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Tradicionalni urbanizam
i arhitektura naših gradova
i arhitektura naših gradova
03:56
assured identity and belonging
not by separation,
not by separation,
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garantovali su identitet i pripadnost,
ne kroz odvajanje,
ne kroz odvajanje,
03:59
but by intertwining.
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nego kroz preplitanje.
04:01
But over time, the ancient became
worthless, and the new, coveted.
worthless, and the new, coveted.
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Ali vremenom prastaro je postalo bezvredno
a ono novo, cenjeno.
a ono novo, cenjeno.
04:05
The harmony of the built environment
and social environment
and social environment
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Harmonija izgrađene okoline
i društvenog okruženja
i društvenog okruženja
04:08
got trampled over
by elements of modernity --
by elements of modernity --
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pregažena je elementima modernog -
04:11
brutal, unfinished concrete blocks,
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brutalni, nezavršeni betonski blokovi,
04:13
neglect, aesthetic devastation,
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nemar, estetsko propadanje,
04:16
divisive urbanism that zoned
communities by class, creed or affluence.
communities by class, creed or affluence.
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podeljeni urbanizam koji je zajednice
delio po klasi, pripadnosti ili imućnosti.
delio po klasi, pripadnosti ili imućnosti.
04:21
And the same was happening
to the community.
to the community.
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Isto se dešavalo i zajednici.
04:24
As the shape of the built
environment changed,
environment changed,
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Kako se menjao oblik izgrađenog okruženja,
04:26
so the lifestyles and sense
of belonging of the communities
of belonging of the communities
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tako su počeli da se menjaju
životni stilovi
životni stilovi
04:30
also started changing.
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i osećaj pripadanja zajednici.
04:32
From a register
of togetherness, of belonging,
of togetherness, of belonging,
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Od registra zajedništva, pripadanja,
04:34
architecture became
a way of differentiation,
a way of differentiation,
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arhitektura je postala način razlikovanja
04:37
and communities started drifting apart
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i zajednice su počele da se razdvajaju
04:39
from the very fabric
that used to unite them,
that used to unite them,
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od samog materijala
koji ih je ujedinjavao,
koji ih je ujedinjavao,
04:42
and from the soul of the place that used
to represent their common existence.
to represent their common existence.
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i od duše mesta koja je predstavljala
njihovo zajedničko postojanje.
njihovo zajedničko postojanje.
04:47
While many reasons had led
to the Syrian war,
to the Syrian war,
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Iako je mnogo razloga
dovelo do rata u Siriji,
dovelo do rata u Siriji,
04:49
we shouldn't underestimate
the way in which,
the way in which,
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ne treba da potcenjujemo način
04:51
by contributing to the loss
of identity and self-respect,
of identity and self-respect,
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na koji su doprinoseći
gubitku identiteta i samopoštovanja
gubitku identiteta i samopoštovanja
04:55
urban zoning and misguided,
inhumane architecture
inhumane architecture
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urbano planiranje i izgubljena,
nehumana arhitektura
nehumana arhitektura
04:59
have nurtured sectarian
divisions and hatred.
divisions and hatred.
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gajili verske podele i mržnju.
05:02
Over time, the united city
has morphed into a city center
has morphed into a city center
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Tokom vremena, ujedinjeni grad
pretvorio se u centar grada
pretvorio se u centar grada
05:05
with ghettos along its circumference.
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sa geto naseljima na obodima.
05:08
And in turn, the coherent communities
became distinct social groups,
became distinct social groups,
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Kao posledica, koherentne zajednice
postale su odvojene društvene grupe
postale su odvojene društvene grupe
05:12
alienated from each other
and alienated from the place.
and alienated from the place.
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udaljene međusobno
i udaljene od samog mesta.
i udaljene od samog mesta.
05:17
From my point of view,
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Iz moje tačke gledišta,
05:18
losing the sense of belonging to a place
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gubljenje osećaja pripadanja nekom mestu
05:20
and a sense of sharing it
with someone else
with someone else
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i osećaj deljenja tog mesta s nekim
05:22
has made it a lot easier to destroy.
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doprineli su da se to mesto lakše razori.
05:25
The clear example can be seen
in the informal housing system,
in the informal housing system,
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Jasan primer se može videti
iz neformalnog sistema stambene izgradnje,
iz neformalnog sistema stambene izgradnje,
05:28
which used to host, before the war,
over 40 percent of the population.
over 40 percent of the population.
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gde je pre rata bilo smešteno
preko 40% stanovništva.
preko 40% stanovništva.
05:33
Yes, prior to the war,
almost half of the Syrian population
almost half of the Syrian population
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Da, pre rata,
skoro pola stanovništva Sirije
skoro pola stanovništva Sirije
05:37
lived in slums,
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živelo je u straćarama,
05:38
peripheral areas
without proper infrastructure,
without proper infrastructure,
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područjima na periferiji
bez prave infrastrukture
bez prave infrastrukture
koja su se sastojala od beskonačnih nizova
golih crnih kutija od blokova
golih crnih kutija od blokova
05:41
made of endless rows of bare block boxes
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05:44
containing people,
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sa ljudima,
05:46
people who mostly belonged
to the same group,
to the same group,
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ljudima koji su uglavnom
pripadali istoj grupi,
pripadali istoj grupi,
05:48
whether based on religion,
class, origin or all of the above.
class, origin or all of the above.
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bez obzira na to da li to bila vera,
klasa, poreklo ili sve navedeno.
klasa, poreklo ili sve navedeno.
05:53
This ghettoized urbanism
proved to be a tangible precursor of war.
proved to be a tangible precursor of war.
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Ovaj geto urbanizam pokazao se
kao opipljiva naznaka rata.
kao opipljiva naznaka rata.
05:58
Conflict is much easier
between pre-categorized areas --
between pre-categorized areas --
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Konflikt je mnogo lakši
između pretkategorisanih područja,
između pretkategorisanih područja,
06:01
where the "others" live.
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gde živi "onaj drugi".
06:03
The ties that used
to bind the city together --
to bind the city together --
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Veze koje su držale grad zajedno -
06:06
whether they were social,
through coherent building,
through coherent building,
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bile one društvene,
kroz koherentnu gradnju
kroz koherentnu gradnju
06:08
or economic, through trade in the souk,
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ili ekonomske, kroz trgovinu na pijaci
06:11
or religious, through
the coexistent presence --
the coexistent presence --
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ili verske, kroz zajednički život,
06:14
were all lost in the misguided
and visionless modernization
and visionless modernization
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sve su izgubljene u zabludeloj
i bezidejnoj modernizaciji
i bezidejnoj modernizaciji
06:17
of the built environment.
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izgrađenog okruženja.
06:19
Allow me an aside.
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Dozvolite mi digresiju.
06:21
When I read about heterogeneous urbanism
in other parts of the world,
in other parts of the world,
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Kada čitam o heterogenom urbanizmu
u drugim delovima sveta,
u drugim delovima sveta,
06:25
involving ethnic neighborhoods
in British cities
in British cities
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uključujući etničke delove
gradova u Britaniji
gradova u Britaniji
06:28
or around Paris or Brussels,
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ili oko Pariza ili Brisela,
06:30
I recognize the beginning
of the kind of instability
of the kind of instability
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prepoznajem početke
te vrste nestabilnosti
te vrste nestabilnosti
06:33
we have witnessed
so disastrously here in Syria.
so disastrously here in Syria.
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kakvu smo videli
da katastrofalno pogađa Siriju.
da katastrofalno pogađa Siriju.
06:38
We have severely destroyed cities,
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Imamo teško razorene gradove,
06:40
such as Homs, Aleppo,
Daraa and many others,
Daraa and many others,
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poput Homsa, Alepa, Dare i mnogih drugih
06:43
and almost half of the population
of the country is now displaced.
of the country is now displaced.
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i skoro pola stanovništva zemlje
sada je raseljeno.
sada je raseljeno.
06:47
Hopefully, the war will end,
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Nadam se da će se rat završiti
06:49
and the question that,
as an architect, I have to ask, is:
as an architect, I have to ask, is:
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i pitanje koje moram da postavim,
kao arhitektkinja, je sledeće:
kao arhitektkinja, je sledeće:
06:53
How do we rebuild?
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kako da obnavljamo?
06:55
What are the principles
that we should adopt
that we should adopt
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Koji su principi
koje bi trebalo da usvojimo
koje bi trebalo da usvojimo
06:57
in order to avoid repeating
the same mistakes?
the same mistakes?
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kako bismo izbegli ponavljanje
istih grešaka?
istih grešaka?
Iz moje tačke gledišta, glavni fokus
trebalo bi da bude na stvaranju mesta
trebalo bi da bude na stvaranju mesta
07:01
From my point of view, the main focus
should be on creating places
should be on creating places
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koja čine da se ljudi osećaju
kao da tu pripadaju.
kao da tu pripadaju.
07:04
that make their people feel they belong.
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07:06
Architecture and planning
need to recapture
need to recapture
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Arhitektura i planiranje
moraju ponovo da uhvate
moraju ponovo da uhvate
07:09
some of the traditional values
that did just that,
that did just that,
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neke od tradicionalnih vrednosti
koje su činile upravo to,
koje su činile upravo to,
07:12
creating the conditions
for coexistence and peace,
for coexistence and peace,
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stvarale su uslove za saživot i mir,
07:15
values of beauty
that don't exhibit ostentation,
that don't exhibit ostentation,
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vrednosti lepote
koje ne prikazuju hvalisavost,
koje ne prikazuju hvalisavost,
07:18
but rather, approachability and ease,
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već pristupnost i lakoću,
07:21
moral values that promote
generosity and acceptance,
generosity and acceptance,
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moralne vrednosti koje šire
velikodušnost i prihvaćenost,
velikodušnost i prihvaćenost,
07:24
architecture that is for everyone
to enjoy, not just for the elite,
to enjoy, not just for the elite,
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arhitektura u kojoj uživa svako,
koja nije samo za elitu,
koja nije samo za elitu,
07:28
just as used to be in the shadowed alleys
of the old Islamic city,
of the old Islamic city,
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kao što je bilo u zasenčenim ulicama
starog islamskog grada,
starog islamskog grada,
07:32
mixed designs that encourage
a sense of community.
a sense of community.
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pomešani dizajni koji ohrabruju
osećaj zajednice.
osećaj zajednice.
07:36
There is a neighborhood here in Homs
that's called Baba Amr
that's called Baba Amr
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Postoji komšiluk u Homsu
koji se zove Baba Amr
koji se zove Baba Amr
07:39
that has been fully destroyed.
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i koji je uništen potpuno.
07:41
Almost two years ago,
I introduced this design
I introduced this design
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Pre skoro dve godine,
predstavila sam ovaj dizajn
predstavila sam ovaj dizajn
07:44
into a UN-Habitat competition
for rebuilding it.
for rebuilding it.
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na takmičenju UN-a
za njegovu ponovnu izgradnju.
za njegovu ponovnu izgradnju.
07:47
The idea was to create an urban fabric
inspired by a tree,
inspired by a tree,
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Ideja je bila da se stvori urban materijal
nadahnut drvetom,
nadahnut drvetom,
07:51
capable of growing
and spreading organically,
and spreading organically,
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koji može da raste i da se širi organski,
pojačavajući utisak tradicionalnog mosta
koji visi iznad starih prolaza
koji visi iznad starih prolaza
07:54
echoing the traditional bridge
hanging over the old alleys,
hanging over the old alleys,
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07:57
and incorporating apartments,
private courtyards, shops,
private courtyards, shops,
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i uključujući stanove, privatna dvorišta,
prodavnice,
prodavnice,
08:01
workshops, places for parking
and playing and leisure,
and playing and leisure,
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radionice, mesta za parking,
igranje i slobodno vreme,
igranje i slobodno vreme,
08:05
trees and shaded areas.
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drveće i mesta u senci.
08:07
It's far from perfect, obviously.
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Očigledno je da je daleko od savršenog.
08:09
I drew it during the few hours
of electricity we get.
of electricity we get.
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Nacrtala sam ga tokom retkih sati
kada imamo struju.
kada imamo struju.
08:12
And there are many possible ways
to express belonging and community
to express belonging and community
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Postoji mnogo drugih mogućih načina
da se izrazi pripadnost i zajedništvo
da se izrazi pripadnost i zajedništvo
08:16
through architecture.
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kroz arhitekturu.
08:17
But compare it with the freestanding,
disconnected blocks
disconnected blocks
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Ali uporedite to sa nezavisnim,
nepovezanim blokovima
nepovezanim blokovima
08:20
proposed by the official project
for rebuilding Baba Amr.
for rebuilding Baba Amr.
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koji su predloženi u zvaničnom projektu
za ponovnu izgradnju Baba Amra.
za ponovnu izgradnju Baba Amra.
08:24
Architecture is not the axis
around which all human life rotates,
around which all human life rotates,
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Arhitektura nije samo osovina
oko koje se okreće ljudski život,
oko koje se okreće ljudski život,
08:28
but it has the power to suggest
and even direct human activity.
and even direct human activity.
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ona ima moć da predloži
i čak upravlja ljudskom aktivnošću.
i čak upravlja ljudskom aktivnošću.
08:33
In that sense, settlement,
identity and social integration
identity and social integration
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U tom smislu, naseljavanje,
identitet i društvena integracija
identitet i društvena integracija
08:37
are all the producer and product
of effective urbanism.
of effective urbanism.
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su proizvođač i proizvod
efikasnog urbanizma.
efikasnog urbanizma.
08:41
The coherent urbanism
of the old Islamic city
of the old Islamic city
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Koherentni urbanizam
starog islamskog grada
starog islamskog grada
08:44
and of many old European
towns, for instance,
towns, for instance,
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i mnogih starih evropskih gradova,
na primer,
na primer,
08:47
promote integration,
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promovišu integraciju,
08:49
while rows of soulless housing
or tower blocks,
or tower blocks,
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dok nizovi bezdušnih
stambenih zgrada i kula,
stambenih zgrada i kula,
08:52
even when they are luxurious,
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čak i kada su luksuzne,
08:54
tend to promote isolation and "otherness."
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obično promovišu izolaciju i "drugost".
08:57
Even simple things
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Čak i jednostavne stvari
08:59
like shaded places or fruit plants
or drinking water inside the city
or drinking water inside the city
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poput osenčenih mesta ili stabala voćki
ili vode za piće unutar grada
ili vode za piće unutar grada
09:03
can make a difference
in how people feel towards the place,
in how people feel towards the place,
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mogu da naprave razliku u tome
kakav stav neko ima prema mestu
kakav stav neko ima prema mestu
09:06
and whether they consider it
a generous place that gives,
a generous place that gives,
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i da li ga smatraju
velikodušnim mestom koje daje,
velikodušnim mestom koje daje,
09:09
a place that's worth keeping,
contributing to,
contributing to,
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mestom koje je vredno zadržavanja,
doprinošenja,
doprinošenja,
09:12
or whether they see it
as an alienating place,
as an alienating place,
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ili ga vide kao mesto koje udaljava,
09:15
full of seeds of anger.
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punog semena srdžbe.
09:17
In order for a place to give,
its architecture should be giving, too.
its architecture should be giving, too.
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Kako bi mesto davalo
i arhitektura mora da daje.
i arhitektura mora da daje.
09:22
Our built environment matters.
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Naša izgrađeno okruženje je bitno.
09:24
The fabric of our cities is reflected
in the fabric of our souls.
in the fabric of our souls.
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Materijal naših gradova ogleda se
u materijalu naših duša.
u materijalu naših duša.
09:28
And whether in the shape
of informal concrete slums
of informal concrete slums
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Da li je to oblik
neformalnih betonskih straćara
neformalnih betonskih straćara
09:31
or broken social housing
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ili uništene socijalne zgrade
09:33
or trampled old towns
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ili pregaženi stari delovi grada
09:35
or forests of skyscrapers,
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ili šume i oblakoderi,
09:36
the contemporary urban archetypes
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savremeni stereotipi urbanizma
09:39
that have emerged
all across the Middle East
all across the Middle East
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koji su nikli širom srednjeg istoka
09:41
have been one cause of the alienation
and fragmentation of our communities.
and fragmentation of our communities.
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bili su jedan od razloga za otuđenje
i rasparčavanje naših zajednica.
i rasparčavanje naših zajednica.
09:46
We can learn from this.
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Možemo naučiti nešto iz ovoga.
09:48
We can learn how to rebuild
in another way,
in another way,
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Možemo naučiti kako da se obnovimo
na drugačiji način,
na drugačiji način,
09:51
how to create an architecture
that doesn't contribute only
that doesn't contribute only
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kako da stvorimo arhitekturu
koja ne doprinosi samo
koja ne doprinosi samo
09:54
to the practical and economic
aspects of people's lives,
aspects of people's lives,
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praktičnim i ekonomskim aspektima
života ljudi,
života ljudi,
09:57
but also to their social, spiritual
and psychological needs.
and psychological needs.
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već i njihovim društvenim, duhovnim
i psihološkim potrebama.
i psihološkim potrebama.
10:02
Those needs were totally overlooked
in the Syrian cities before the war.
in the Syrian cities before the war.
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Te potrebe su potpuno zanemarene
u gradovima Sirije pre rata.
u gradovima Sirije pre rata.
10:06
We need to create again
cities that are shared
cities that are shared
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Moramo ponovo
da stvorimo gradove koje dele
da stvorimo gradove koje dele
10:09
by the communities that inhabit them.
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zajednice koje ih naseljavaju.
10:11
If we do so, people will not feel the need
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Ako to uradimo, ljudi neće osećati potrebu
10:14
to seek identities opposed
to the other identities all around,
to the other identities all around,
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da traže identitete suprotne
drugim identitetima oko njih,
drugim identitetima oko njih,
10:18
because they will all feel at home.
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jer će se svi osećati kao kod kuće.
10:22
Thank you for listening.
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Hvala što ste me saslušali.
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Marwa Al-Sabouni - ArchitectMarwa Al-Sabouni suggests that architecture played a crucial role in the slow unraveling of Syrian cities' social fabric, preparing the way for once-friendly groups to become enemies instead of neighbors.
Why you should listen
Marwa Al-Sabouni was born in Homs, a city in the central-western part of the country, and has a PhD in Islamic Architecture. Despite the destruction of large parts of the city, she has remained in Homs with her husband and two children throughout the war. In her just-released book The Battle for Home (Thames & Hudson, 2016), she explores the role architecture and the built environment play in whether a community crumbles or comes together, and she offers insights on how her country (and a much-needed sense of identity) should be rebuilt so that it will not happen again.
Marwa Al-Sabouni | Speaker | TED.com