TEDNYC
Siamak Hariri: How do you build a sacred space?
Siamak Hariri: Kako se gradi sveti prostor?
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Kako bi dizajnirao Bahai hram u Južnoj Americi, arhitekta Siamak Hariri se koncentrisao na osvetljenost - od oblika hrama, koji hvata pokrete sunca u toku dana, do prozračnog kamena koji se preliva u duginim bojama i stakla od kojih je izgrađen. Pridružite se Haririju na putovanju kroz njegov kreativni proces dok istražuje šta to sačinjava sveto iskustvo u jednom sekularnom svetu.
Siamak Hariri - Architect
Siamak Hariri holds deep respect for the transformative potential of architecture, specializing in creating works of enduring value. Full bio
Siamak Hariri holds deep respect for the transformative potential of architecture, specializing in creating works of enduring value. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:12
The school of architecture
that I studied at some 30 years ago
that I studied at some 30 years ago
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Desilo se da je škola arhitekture
gde sam studirao pre nekih 30 godina
gde sam studirao pre nekih 30 godina
00:17
happened to be across the street
from the wonderful art gallery
from the wonderful art gallery
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baš preko puta predivne galerije umetnosti
00:21
designed by the great
architect Louis Kahn.
architect Louis Kahn.
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koju je dizajnirao
slavni arhitekta Luis Kan.
slavni arhitekta Luis Kan.
00:25
I love the building,
and I used to visit it quite often.
and I used to visit it quite often.
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Volim tu zgradu i često sam je posećivao.
00:28
One day,
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Jednog dana,
00:30
I saw the security guard run his hand
across the concrete wall.
across the concrete wall.
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video sam čuvara kako prelazi rukom
preko betonskog zida.
preko betonskog zida.
00:37
And it was the way he did it,
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Način na koji je on to uradio,
00:38
the expression on his face --
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izraz na njegovom licu -
00:41
something touched me.
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nešto u tome me je dirnulo.
00:44
I could see that the security guard
was moved by the building
was moved by the building
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Video sam da je čuvar bio ganut zgradom
00:49
and that architecture has that capacity
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i da arhiitektura ima sposobnost
00:53
to move you.
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da vas pogodi.
00:55
I could see it, and I remember thinking,
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Mogao sam to da vidim,
i sećam se da sam pomislio,
i sećam se da sam pomislio,
00:57
"Wow. How does architecture do that?"
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"Vau. Kako arhitektura to radi?"
01:03
At school, I was learning to design,
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U školi sam učio da dizajniram,
01:07
but here -- here was
a reaction of the heart.
a reaction of the heart.
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ali ovde - ovde je bila reakcija iz srca.
01:11
And it touched me to the core.
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Ganula me je do srži.
01:17
You know, you aspire for beauty,
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Znate, težite lepoti,
01:23
for sensuousness, for atmosphere,
the emotional response.
the emotional response.
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čulnosti, atmosferi, emotivnom odgovoru.
01:29
That's the realm of the ineffable
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To je carstvo neopisivog
01:32
and the immeasurable.
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i neizmernog.
01:34
And that's what you live for:
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Za to živite:
01:36
a chance to try.
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za priliku da probate.
01:39
So in 2003, there was
an open call for designs
an open call for designs
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Tako je 2003. godine
raspisan konkurs za dizajn
raspisan konkurs za dizajn
01:43
for the Bahá'í Temple for South America.
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Bahajskog hrama u Južnoj Americi.
01:45
This was the first temple
in all of South America.
in all of South America.
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Bio je to prvi hram u Južnoj Americi.
01:48
It's a continental temple,
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To je kontinentalni hram,
01:50
a hugely important milestone
for the Bahá'í community,
for the Bahá'í community,
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strašno važna prekretnica
za Bahai zajednicu,
za Bahai zajednicu,
01:53
because this would be the last
of the continental temples
of the continental temples
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jer bi ovo bio poslednji
kontinentalni hram
kontinentalni hram
01:57
and would open the door
for national and local temples to be built
for national and local temples to be built
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koji bi otvorio vrata za izgradnju
nacionalnih i lokalnih hramova
nacionalnih i lokalnih hramova
02:01
around the world.
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širom sveta.
02:02
And the brief was deceptively simple
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Pismo je bilo varljivo prosto
02:06
and unique in the annals of religion:
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i jedinstveno u analima religije:
02:11
a circular room, nine sides,
nine entrances, nine paths,
nine entrances, nine paths,
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kružna soba, devet strana,
devet ulaza, devet puteva
devet ulaza, devet puteva
02:18
allowing you to come to the temple
from all directions,
from all directions,
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koji vam dozvoljavaju da priđete hramu
iz svih smerova,
iz svih smerova,
02:23
nine symbolizing completeness,
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devet simboliše upotpunjenost,
02:26
perfection.
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savršenstvo.
02:28
No pulpit, no sermons,
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Bez govornice, bez propoveda,
02:32
as there are no clergy
in the Bahá'í faith.
in the Bahá'í faith.
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jer u Bahai veri ne postoji sveštenstvo.
02:35
And in a world which is putting up walls,
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U svetu koji podiže zidove,
02:39
the design needed to express in form
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dizajn je formom trebalo da izrazi
02:42
the very opposite.
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upravo suprotno.
02:45
It had to be open, welcoming
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Morao je biti otvoren, primamljiv
02:49
to people of all faiths,
walks of life, backgrounds,
walks of life, backgrounds,
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ljudima svih vera,
životnih stilova, pozadina,
životnih stilova, pozadina,
02:53
or no faith at all;
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ili ljudima bez vere;
02:56
a new form of sacred space
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nov oblik svetog prostora
02:59
with no pattern
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bez obrasca
03:02
or models to draw from.
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ili modela po kojima bi radili.
03:06
It was like designing one of the first
churches for Christianity
churches for Christianity
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Bilo je kao dizajniranje
jedne od prvih crkava za Hrišćanstvo
jedne od prvih crkava za Hrišćanstvo
03:10
or one of the first mosques for Islam.
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ili prvih džamija za Islam.
03:14
So we live in a secular world.
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Živimo u sekularnom svetu.
03:20
How do you design sacred space today?
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Kako danas dizajnirati sveto mesto?
03:26
And how do you even define
what's sacred today?
what's sacred today?
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Kako uopšte definisati šta je danas sveto?
03:33
I stumbled across this beautiful quote
from the Bahá'í writings,
from the Bahá'í writings,
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Naišao sam na ovaj lep citat
iz Bahai zapisa
iz Bahai zapisa
03:38
and it speaks to prayer.
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koja govori o molitvi.
03:41
It says that if you reach out in prayer,
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Kaže da ako se pomolite za nešto,
03:44
and if your prayer is answered --
which is already very interesting --
which is already very interesting --
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i molitva vam bude uslišena -
što je već vrlo interesantno -
što je već vrlo interesantno -
03:48
that the pillars of your heart
will become ashine.
will become ashine.
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da će stubovi vašeg srca zasvetleti.
03:54
And I loved this idea
of the inner and the outer,
of the inner and the outer,
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Svidela mi se ova ideja
unutrašnjeg i spoljašnjeg
unutrašnjeg i spoljašnjeg
03:57
like when you see someone
and you say, "That person is radiant."
and you say, "That person is radiant."
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kao kada vidite nekoga
i kažete "Ova osoba zrači."
i kažete "Ova osoba zrači."
04:04
And I was thinking, "My gosh,
how could we make something
how could we make something
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I mislio sam, "Bože,
kako bi mogli da napravimo nešto
kako bi mogli da napravimo nešto
04:09
architectural out of that,
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arhitektonsko od toga,
04:11
where you create a building
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da stvorimo zgradu
04:15
and it becomes alive with light?
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koja će oživeti svetlošću?
04:19
Like alabaster, if you kiss it with light,
it becomes alive.
it becomes alive.
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Kao alabaster,
ako ga poljubite svetlošću, on oživi.
ako ga poljubite svetlošću, on oživi.
04:23
And I drew this sketch,
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Nacrtao sam ovu skicu,
04:25
something with two layers, translucent
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nešto dvoslojno, prozirno
04:29
with structure in between capturing light.
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sa unutrašnjom strukturom
koja hvata svetlost.
koja hvata svetlost.
04:32
Maybe a pure form,
a single form of emanation
a single form of emanation
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Možda čista forma,
jedinstvena forma emanacije,
jedinstvena forma emanacije,
04:38
that you could imagine
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koju bi mogli zamisliti
04:41
would be all dome
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kao kupolu
04:44
and everything we kept making
was looking too much like an egg.
was looking too much like an egg.
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i sve što smo pravili
previše je podsećalo na jaje.
previše je podsećalo na jaje.
04:48
(Laughter)
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(Smeh)
04:49
A blob.
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Mrlja.
04:51
So you search.
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I tako tražite.
04:53
You all know this crazy search,
letting the process take you,
letting the process take you,
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Svi znate za tu ludu potragu,
puštate proces da vas vodi
puštate proces da vas vodi
04:58
and you live for the surprises.
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i živite za iznenađenja.
04:59
And I remember quite by accident
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Sećam se da sam sasvim slučajno
05:01
I saw this little video
of a plant moving in light,
of a plant moving in light,
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naišao na kratak video
biljke koja se kreće u svetlosti,
biljke koja se kreće u svetlosti,
05:07
and it made me think of movement,
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i pomislio sam na pokret,
05:11
reach,
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domašaj,
05:12
this idea that the temple
could have reach,
could have reach,
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na ideju da bi hram
mogao imati doseg,
mogao imati doseg,
05:14
like this reach for the divine.
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kao da poseže za božanskim.
05:17
You can imagine also
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Možete takođe zamisliti
05:19
that movement within a circle
could mean movement and stillness,
could mean movement and stillness,
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da pokret unutar kruga
može značiti pokret i mirovanje,
može značiti pokret i mirovanje,
05:24
like the cosmos,
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kao svemir,
05:26
something you see in many places.
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nešto što vidite na puno mesta.
05:29
(Laughter)
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(Smeh)
05:32
But rotation was not enough,
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Ali rotacija nije bila dovoljna,
05:36
because we needed a form.
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jer nam je bio potreban oblik.
05:39
In the Bahá'í writings, it talks about
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U Bahai spisima, govori se
05:41
the temples being as perfect
as is humanly possible,
as is humanly possible,
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o hramovima savršenim
koliko je to ljudski moguće,
koliko je to ljudski moguće,
05:46
and we kept thinking,
well, what is perfection?
well, what is perfection?
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i dalje smo mislili,
pa, šta je savršenstvo?
pa, šta je savršenstvo?
05:48
And I remember I stumbled into this image
of this Japanese basket
of this Japanese basket
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Sećam se da sam naišao na sliku
japanske korpe
japanske korpe
05:53
and thinking our Western notions
of perfection need to be challenged,
of perfection need to be challenged,
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i pomislio da treba izazvati
naše zapadnjačke predstave o savršenom,
naše zapadnjačke predstave o savršenom,
05:57
that this wonderful silhouette
of this basket, this wonkiness,
of this basket, this wonkiness,
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da je prelepa silueta
ove korpe, ta klimavost,
ove korpe, ta klimavost,
06:01
and that it has the kind of dimple
of what you might imagine a shoulder
of what you might imagine a shoulder
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i da ima tu vrstu jamice
na onome što bi moglo biti rame
na onome što bi moglo biti rame
06:07
or the cheekbone,
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ili jagodična kost,
06:09
and that kind of organic form.
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i tu vrstu organske forme.
06:12
And so we drew and made models,
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Tako smo crtali i pravili modele,
06:14
these lines that merge at the top,
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linije koje se spajaju na vrhu,
06:18
soft lines,
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meke linije,
06:20
which became like drapery
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koje su postale kao draperija,
06:23
and translucent veils and folding,
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prozirni velovi i preklopi,
06:26
and the idea of not only
folding but torquing --
folding but torquing --
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ideja ne samo preklopa već i obrtanja -
06:31
you remember the plant
and the way it was reaching.
and the way it was reaching.
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sećate se biljke
i načina na koji se pružala.
i načina na koji se pružala.
06:34
And this started to become
an interesting form,
an interesting form,
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Počeo je da nastaje
jedan zanimljiv oblik,
jedan zanimljiv oblik,
06:38
carving the base, making the entrances.
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izrezivanje osnove, pravljenje ulaza.
06:41
And then we ended up with this.
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Na kraju smo dobili ovo.
06:44
This is this temple with two layers,
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Ovo je hram sa dva sloja,
06:47
nine luminous veils,
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devet svetlih velova,
06:50
embodied light,
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otelotvoreno svetlo,
06:51
soft-flowing lines
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linije koje nežno teku
06:53
like luminescent drapery.
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kao svetlosna zavesa.
06:55
180 submissions
were received from 80 countries,
were received from 80 countries,
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180 prijava je primljeno iz 80 država,
07:00
and this was selected.
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i ovo je izabrano.
07:02
So we went to the next stage
of how to build it.
of how to build it.
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Prešli smo na sledeći korak -
izgradnju.
izgradnju.
07:08
We had submitted alabaster.
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Izložili smo alabaster.
07:12
But alabaster was too soft,
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Ali alabaster je premek,
07:14
and we were experimenting,
many experiments with materials,
many experiments with materials,
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pa smo dosta eksperimentisali
sa materijalima
sa materijalima
07:18
trying to think how we could have
this kind of shimmer,
this kind of shimmer,
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pokušavajući da nađemo
tu vrstu svetlucanja,
tu vrstu svetlucanja,
07:22
and we ended up with borosilicate.
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i pronašli smo borosilikat.
07:25
And borosilicate glass,
as you know, is very strong,
as you know, is very strong,
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Borosilikatno staklo,
kao što znate, veoma je jako,
kao što znate, veoma je jako,
07:29
and if you break borosilicate rods
just so and melt them
just so and melt them
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i ako prelomite borosilikatne šipke
ovako i otopite ih
ovako i otopite ih
07:34
at just the right temperature,
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na tačno određenoj temperaturi,
07:36
we ended up with this new material,
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dobili smo taj novi materijal,
07:38
this new cast glass which took us
about two years to make.
about two years to make.
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to novo izliveno staklo
koje smo pravili oko dve godine.
koje smo pravili oko dve godine.
07:43
And it had this quality that we loved,
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Imalo je tu osobinu koju smo voleli,
07:46
this idea of the embodied light,
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ideju o otelotvorenoj svetlosti,
07:49
but on the inside, we wanted
something with a soft light,
something with a soft light,
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ali iznutra smo želeli
nešto sa mekim svetlom,
nešto sa mekim svetlom,
07:53
like the inner lining of a jacket.
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kao postava sakoa.
07:56
On the outside you have protection,
but on the inside you touch it.
but on the inside you touch it.
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Spolja imate zaštitu,
ali iznutra ga dodirujete.
ali iznutra ga dodirujete.
08:00
So we found this tiny vein
in a huge quarry in Portugal
in a huge quarry in Portugal
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Tako smo našli malenu žilu
u ogromnom kamenolomu u Portugalu
u ogromnom kamenolomu u Portugalu
08:06
with this beautiful stone,
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sa tim prelepim kamenom,
08:09
which the owner had kept
for seven generations in his family,
for seven generations in his family,
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koju je vlasnik čuvao u porodici
sedam generacija,
sedam generacija,
08:14
waiting for the right project,
if you can believe it.
if you can believe it.
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čeakjući pravi projekat,
verovali ili ne.
verovali ili ne.
08:19
Look at this material, it's beautiful.
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Pogledajte taj materijal, prelep je.
08:21
And the way it lights up;
it has that translucent quality.
it has that translucent quality.
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I način na koji se osvetljuje;
ima tu prozračnost.
ima tu prozračnost.
08:26
So here you see the structure.
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Ovde vidite strukturu.
08:29
It lets the light through.
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Propušta svetlo.
08:31
And looking down,
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Na dole,
08:35
the nine wings are bound,
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devet krila su vezana,
08:37
structurally but symbolically strong,
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strukturalno ali simbolično jaka,
08:41
a great symbol of unity:
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sjajan simbol jedinstva:
08:44
pure geometry, a perfect circle,
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čista geometrija, savršen krug,
08:47
30 meters in section and in plan,
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30 metara u preseku i u planu,
08:52
perfectly symmetrical,
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savršena simetrija,
08:53
like the idea of sacredness and geometry.
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kao ideja svetosti i geometrije.
08:57
And here you see the building going up,
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Ovde vidite zgradu kako raste,
09:01
2,000 steel nodes,
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2000 čeličnih čvorova,
09:03
9,000 pieces of steel,
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9000 komada čelika,
09:07
7,800 stone pieces,
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7800 kamenih delova,
09:10
10,000 cast glass pieces,
all individual shapes,
all individual shapes,
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10000 komada livenog stakla,
svako jedinstvenog oblika,
svako jedinstvenog oblika,
09:14
the entire superstructure all described,
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cela superstruktura opisana,
09:17
engineered, fabricated
with aerospace technology,
with aerospace technology,
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projektovana, proizvedena
vazduhoplovnom tehnologijom,
vazduhoplovnom tehnologijom,
09:22
prefabricated machine to machine,
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prethodno proizvedena mašinski,
09:25
robotically,
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robotski,
09:27
a huge team effort, you can imagine,
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ogroman timski rad, možete zamisliti,
09:29
of literally hundreds,
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bukvalno stotina ljudi,
09:31
and within three percent
of our $30 million budget
of our $30 million budget
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i u okviru tri posto od
našeg budžeta od 30 miliona dolara,
našeg budžeta od 30 miliona dolara,
09:36
set in 2006.
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određenog 2006. godine.
09:38
(Applause)
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(Aplauz)
09:42
Nine wings bound together
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Devet krila međusobno vezanih
09:47
forming a nine-pointed star,
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da formiraju devetokraku zvezdu,
09:50
and the star shape moving in space,
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i zvezdani oblik
koji se pomera u prostoru,
koji se pomera u prostoru,
09:55
tracking the sun.
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prateći sunce.
10:07
So here it is.
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Dakle, evo ga.
10:09
Audience: Wow!
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Publika: Vau!
10:11
(Applause)
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(Aplauz)
10:19
Hopefully, a befitting response
to that beautiful quote,
to that beautiful quote,
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Nadajmo se, prikladan odgovor
na onaj divni citat,
na onaj divni citat,
10:25
"a prayer answered,"
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"uslišena molitva,"
10:27
open in all directions,
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otvoren u svim smerovima,
10:30
capturing the blue light of dawn,
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hvatajući plavu svetlost zore,
10:34
tent-like white light of day,
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belo dnevno svetlo nalik šatoru,
10:37
the gold light of the afternoon,
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zlatnu svetlost popodneva,
10:40
and of course, at night, the reversal:
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i naravno, noću, suprotnost:
10:45
sensuous,
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čulno,
10:48
catching the light in all kinds
of mysterious ways.
of mysterious ways.
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hvatajući svetlo na razne
tajanstvene načine.
tajanstvene načine.
10:53
And the site: it's interesting;
14 years ago when we made the submission,
14 years ago when we made the submission,
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I mesto je interesantno;
pre 14 godina kada smo predali projekat,
pre 14 godina kada smo predali projekat,
10:59
we showed the temple
set against the Andes.
set against the Andes.
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prikazali smo hram sa pozadinom Anda.
11:01
We didn't have the Andes as our site,
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Nismo imali Ande na mestu izgradnje,
11:05
but after nine years, that's exactly
where we ended up,
where we ended up,
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ali nakon devet godina
to je upravo mesto na kome smo završili,
to je upravo mesto na kome smo završili,
11:10
the lines of the temple set against
nothing but pure nature,
nothing but pure nature,
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linije hrama u prvom planu čiste prirode,
11:14
and you turn around and you get
nothing but the city below you,
nothing but the city below you,
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i okrenete se i vidite
samo grad ispod sebe,
samo grad ispod sebe,
11:19
and inside, a view in all directions,
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a iznutra, pogled u svim pravcima,
11:25
radiating gardens
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vijugavi vrtovi
11:27
from each of the alcoves,
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iz svakog udubljenja,
11:31
radiating paths.
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vijugavi putevi.
11:36
Last October, the opening ceremonies --
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Prošlog oktobra, ceremonija otvaranja -
11:40
a beautiful, sacred event,
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prelep, sveti događaj,
11:44
5,000 people from 80 countries,
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5000 ljudi iz 80 zemalja,
11:47
a continuous river of visitors,
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neprekidna reka posetilaca,
11:51
indigenous people
from all over South America,
from all over South America,
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domorodaca širom Južne Amerike,
11:55
some who had never left their villages.
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od kojih neki nikada
nisu napustili svoja sela.
nisu napustili svoja sela.
11:59
And of course, that this temple
belongs to people,
belongs to people,
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Naravno, ovaj hram pripada ljudima,
12:03
the collective, of many cultures
and walks of life,
and walks of life,
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zajednici raznih kultura i životnih priča,
12:09
many beliefs,
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mnogih verovanja,
12:10
and for me, what's most important
is what it feels like on the inside;
is what it feels like on the inside;
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i za mene, ono što je najbitnije
je kako se oseća iznutra;
je kako se oseća iznutra;
12:15
that it feel intimate,
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da budi osećaj intimnosti,
12:18
sacred,
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svetosti,
12:19
and that everyone is welcome.
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i da su svi dobrodošli.
12:22
And if even a few who come
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Ako bar neki od onih koji dođu
12:27
have the same reaction
as that security guard,
as that security guard,
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imaju istu reakciju kao onaj čuvar,
12:31
then it truly would be their temple.
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onda bi to zaista bio njihov hram.
12:37
And I would love that.
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Ja bih bio oduševljen.
12:38
Thank you.
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Hvala vam.
12:40
(Applause)
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(Aplauz)
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Siamak Hariri - ArchitectSiamak Hariri holds deep respect for the transformative potential of architecture, specializing in creating works of enduring value.
Why you should listen
Siamak Hariri is a founding Partner of Hariri Pontarini Architects, a 120 person practice based in Toronto. His portfolio of nationally and internationally recognized buildings has won over 60 awards, including the Governor General’s Medal in Architecture, celebrated as one of Canada’s Artists who mattered most by the Globe and Mail and with his Partner David Pontarini, the 2013 Royal Architectural Institute of Canada’s Architectural Firm Award.
One of Hariri's earliest HPA projects, the Canadian headquarters of McKinsey & Company, is the youngest building to receive City of Toronto heritage landmark designation. He has recently completed public and private projects include the award-winning Richard Ivey Building, Richard Ivey School of Business at Western University, the Jackman Law Building for the University of Toronto’s Faculty of Law, the Schulich School of Business at York University and the Integrated Health Sciences campus, with the University of Waterloo’s School of Pharmacy and the McMaster University Michael G. DeGroote School of Medicine in downtown Kitchener.
In the fall of 2016, Hariri completed a project he began in 2003, the Bahá’í Temple of South American, located in Santiago, Chile, the last of the Bahá’í continental temples. Won through an international call and a rigorous design competition (185 entries from 80 countries) the temple is poised to become an architectural landmark at the foothill of the Andes. It has already won some of the top architecture awards including the RAIC Innovation Award, the World Architecture News Best Building of the Year (selected by ninety-seven judges around the world); Architect Magazine’s Progressive Architecture Award (architecture’s top unbuilt projects award); the Canadian Architect’s Award of Excellence; the International Property Awards and was profiled by National Geographic Magazine.
Hariri is currently working on the complex Princess Margaret Space Transformation Project and has recently won two international design competitions, the first, the Sprott School of Business at Carleton University, and the second, selected from over 92 international architects, for the new Tom Patterson Theatre, poised to become the heart of the Stratford Festival.
Born in Bonn, Germany, Hariri was educated at the University of Waterloo and Yale University where he completed a Master of Architecture. He has taught at the Daniels Faculty of Architecture, Landscape and Design at the University of Toronto, as well as been a lecturer and guest critic for numerous organizations across North America. Hariri was recently awarded an Honorary Doctorate of Architecture from Ryerson University for his contribution to architecture in Canada and abroad. The University of Toronto also honored him with an Arbor Award for his contribution to the University experience as a lecturer and adjunct professor. Hariri lives in Toronto with his artist wife, Sasha Rogers and their three children; Lua, Yasmin and David.
Siamak Hariri | Speaker | TED.com