TEDGlobal 2010
Julian Treasure: Shh! Sound health in 8 steps
Džulijan Trežr: Ššš! Zvukom do zdravlja u 8 koraka
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Readability: 3.5
1,675,552 views
Džulijan Trežr govori o sve bučnijem svetu koji podriva naše psihičko zdravlje -- čak i ugrožava život. On iznosi plan u osam koraka kako ublažiti ovaj zvučni napad (počevši od jeftinih čepića za uši) i kako obnoviti vezu sa zvukom.
Julian Treasure - Sound consultant
Julian Treasure studies sound and advises businesses on how best to use it. Full bio
Julian Treasure studies sound and advises businesses on how best to use it. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:16
The Hindus say, "Nada brahma,"
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Hindusi kažu, "Nada brahma,"
00:18
one translation of which is, "The world is sound."
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jedan od prevoda ovoga bi bio, "Svet je zvuk."
00:21
And in a way, that's true, because everything is vibrating.
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I, u neku ruku, to je tačno, jer sve vibrira.
00:24
In fact, all of you as you sit here right now are vibrating.
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U suštini, svi vi koji sedite sada ovde vibrirate.
00:27
Every part of your body is vibrating at different frequencies.
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Svaki deo vašeg tela vibrira na različitim frekvencijama.
00:30
So you are, in fact, a chord --
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Tako ste vi zapravo akord,
00:32
each of you an individual chord.
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svako od vas je zaseban akord.
00:34
One definition of health may be
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Jedna definicija zdravlja bi mogla biti
00:36
that that chord is in complete harmony.
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da je taj akord u potpunoj harmoniji.
00:38
Your ears can't hear that chord;
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Vaše uši ne čuju taj akord.
00:40
they can actually hear amazing things. Your ears can hear 10 octaves.
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One mogu čuti neverovatne stvari. Vaše uši mogu čuti deset oktava.
00:43
Incidentally, we see just one octave.
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Bez namere, mi opažamo samo jednu oktavu.
00:46
Your ears are always on -- you have no ear lids.
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Vaše uši su stalno uključene. Nemate kapke za uši.
00:48
They work even when you sleep.
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One rade čak i kada spavate.
00:50
The smallest sound you can perceive
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Najmanji zvuk koji možete registrovati
00:52
moves your eardrum just four atomic diameters.
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pomera vašu bubnu opnu samo četri atomska dijametra.
00:55
The loudest sound you can hear
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Najjači zvuk koji možete čuti
00:57
is a trillion times more powerful than that.
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je trilion puta jači od toga.
00:59
Ears are made not for hearing,
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Uši nisu stvorene za čujenje,
01:01
but for listening.
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već za slušanje.
01:03
Listening is an active skill,
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Slušanje je aktivna veština.
01:05
whereas hearing is passive, listening is something that we have to work at --
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Dok je čujenje pasivno, slušanje je nešto na čemu se mora raditi.
01:08
it's a relationship with sound.
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To je veza sa zvukom.
01:10
And yet it's a skill that none of us are taught.
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Pa ipak, to je veština koju nas niko nije učio.
01:12
For example, have you ever considered that there are listening positions,
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Na primer, da li ste ikada razmotrili to da postoje pozicije za slušanje,
01:15
places you can listen from?
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mesta sa kojih se može slušati?
01:17
Here are two of them.
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Evo ih dva.
01:19
Reductive listening is listening "for."
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Reduktivno slušanje je slušanje "za".
01:21
It reduces everything down to what's relevant
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To slušanje uprošćava sve samo na ono što je relevantno,
01:24
and it discards everything that's not relevant.
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i odbacuje sve što je irelevantno.
01:26
Men typically listen reductively.
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Muškarci tipično slušaju reduktivno.
01:28
So he's saying, "I've got this problem."
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Tako, on kaže, "Imam jedan problem."
01:30
He's saying, "Here's your solution. Thanks very much. Next."
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On kaže, "Evo tvog rešenja. Puno hvala. Sledeće."
01:32
That's the way we talk, right guys?
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To je način na koji mi pričamo, je l' tako momci?
01:34
Expansive listening, on the other hand,
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Ekspanzivno slušanje, sa druge strane,
01:36
is listening "with," not listening "for."
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je slušanje "sa," ne slušanje "za."
01:38
It's got no destination in mind --
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Ono nema uporište u mislima.
01:40
it's just enjoying the journey.
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To je samo uživanje u putu.
01:42
Women typically listen expansively.
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Žene tipično slušaju ekspanzivno.
01:44
If you look at these two, eye contact, facing each other,
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Ako pogledate ove dve žene, kontakt očima, licima okrenute jedna ka drugoj,
01:46
possibly both talking at the same time.
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verovatno obe pričaju u isto vreme.
01:48
(Laughter)
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(Smeh)
01:51
Men, if you get nothing else out of this talk,
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Muškarci, ako ništa drugo ne izvučete iz ovog predavanja,
01:53
practice expansive listening,
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vežbajte ekspanzivno slušanje,
01:55
and you can transform your relationships.
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i možete promeniti vaše odnose.
01:57
The trouble with listening is that so much of what we hear
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Problem sa slušanjem je taj što mnogo od onoga što čujemo
02:00
is noise, surrounding us all the time.
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je buka koja nas okružuje sve vreme.
02:03
Noise like this, according to the European Union,
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Buka kao ova, prema nalazima Evropske Unije,
02:06
is reducing the health and the quality of life
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ugrožava zdravlje i kvalitet života
02:08
of 25 percent
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oko 25 procenata
02:10
of the population of Europe.
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evropske populacije.
02:12
Two percent of the population of Europe --
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Dva procenta populacije Evrope --
02:14
that's 16 million people --
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a to je 16 miliona ljudi --
02:16
are having their sleep devastated
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imaju ugrožen san
02:18
by noise like that.
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zbog buke kao što je ta.
02:20
Noise kills
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Buka ubija
02:22
200,000 people a year in Europe.
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200 000 ljudi godišnje u Evropi.
02:24
It's a really big problem.
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To je zaista veliki problem.
02:26
Now, when you were little, if you had noise and you didn't want to hear it,
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Kada ste bili mali, ukoliko biste čuli buku, a niste želeli da je slušate,
02:28
you'd stick your fingers in your ears and hum.
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začepili biste uši prstima.
02:30
These days, you can do a similar thing, it just looks a bit cooler.
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Danas, možete učiniti sličnu stvar, samo to deluje malo suptilnije.
02:33
It looks a bit like this.
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Izgleda otprilike ovako.
02:35
The trouble with widespread headphone use
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Problem sa širokom upotrebom slušalica
02:37
is it brings three really big health issues.
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je to što donosi tri izuzetno velika zdravstvena pitanja.
02:40
The first really big health issue is a word that Murray Schafer coined:
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Prva bitna stvar je kovanica Mareja Šefera:
02:43
"schizophonia."
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"šizofonija."
02:45
It's a dislocation
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To je neusklađenost
02:47
between what you see and what you hear.
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između onoga što se vidi i onoga što se čuje.
02:49
So, we're inviting into our lives
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Znači, mi pozivamo u naše živote
02:51
the voices of people who are not present with us.
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glasove ljudi koji nisu prisutni.
02:54
I think there's something deeply unhealthy
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Mislim da postoji nešto jako nezdravo
02:56
about living all the time in schizophonia.
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u tome da se sve vreme živi u šizofoniji.
02:58
The second problem that comes with headphone abuse
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Drugi problem koji dolazi upotrebom slušalica
03:00
is compression.
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je kompresija.
03:02
We squash music to fit it into our pocket
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Mi zguramo muziku da stane u naše džepove.
03:04
and there is a cost attached to this.
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I postoji cena za to.
03:06
Listen to this -- this is an uncompressed piece of music.
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Saslušajte ovo. Ovo je nekompresovana muzika.
03:09
(Music)
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(muzika)
03:15
And now the same piece of music with 98 percent of the data removed.
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A sada ista muzika sa 98 procenata uklonjenih podataka.
03:18
(Music)
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(muzika)
03:22
I do hope that some of you at least
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Nadam se da neki od vas
03:24
can hear the difference between those two.
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mogu čuti razliku između ova dva.
03:26
There is a cost of compression.
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Tu je cena kompresije.
03:28
It makes you tired and irritable to have to make up all of that data.
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Čini vas umornim i iziritiranim što morate da nadoknađujete sve te podatke.
03:30
You're having to imagine it.
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Morate to da zamislite.
03:32
It's not good for you in the long run.
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To nije dobro za vas na duže staze.
03:34
The third problem with headphones is this: deafness --
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Treći problem sa slušalicama je ovaj: gluvoća --
03:37
noise-induced hearing disorder.
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zvukom uzrokovan poremećaj sluha.
03:39
Ten million Americans already have this for one reason or another,
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10 miliona Amerikanaca već ima ovo, iz ovog ili onog razloga,
03:42
but really worryingly,
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ali zbilja zabrinjavajuće,
03:44
16 percent --
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16 procenata,
03:46
roughly one in six -- of American teenagers
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grubo rečeno, jedan od šest Američkih tinejdžera
03:48
suffer from noise-induced hearing disorder
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pati od zvukom uzrokovanog poremećaja sluha
03:50
as a result of headphone abuse.
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kao posledice prekomerne upotrebe slušalica.
03:53
One study at an American university
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Jedna studija rađena na Američkom univerzitetu
03:55
found that 61 percent of college freshmen
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nalazi da 61 procenat brucoša
03:58
had damaged hearing
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ima poremećaj sluha
04:00
as a result of headphone abuse.
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kao rezultat prekomerne upotrebe slušalica.
04:02
We may be raising an entire generation of deaf people.
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Moguće je da podižemo čitavu generaciju gluvih ljudi.
04:05
Now that's a really serious problem.
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To je izuzetno ozbiljan problem.
04:07
I'll give you three quick tips to protect your ears
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Daću vam tri brza saveta kako da zaštitite svoje uši,
04:09
and pass these on to your children, please.
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i molim vas da ih prenesete i svojoj deci.
04:11
Professional hearing protectors are great;
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Profesionalni zaštitnici za uši su odlični;
04:13
I use some all the time.
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koristim ih stalno.
04:15
If you're going to use headphones, buy the best ones you can afford
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Ako želite da koristite slušalice, kupite najbolje koje možete da priuštite,
04:18
because quality means you don't have to have it so loud.
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jer kvalitet znači da ne mora da bude toliko glasno.
04:20
If you can't hear somebody talking to you in a loud voice,
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Ako ne možete da čujete nekoga ko vam se obraća jakim glasom,
04:22
it's too loud.
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onda je preglasno.
04:24
And thirdly, if you're in bad sound,
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I treće, ako ste izloženi lošem zvuku,
04:26
it's fine to put your fingers in your ears or just move away from it.
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dovoljno je da začepite uši prstima ili da jednostavno odete odatle.
04:28
Protect your ears in that way.
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Zaštitite svoje uši na taj način.
04:30
Let's move away from bad sound and look at some friends that I urge you to seek out.
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Hajde da pređemo sa loših zvukova na neke prijatelje za koje vas molim da ih potražite.
04:33
WWB:
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V V P:
04:35
Wind, water, birds --
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Vetar, voda, ptice --
04:38
stochastic natural sounds
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stohastički zvuci prirode
04:40
composed of lots of individual random events,
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komponovani od strane mnogih slučajnih događaja,
04:43
all of it very healthy,
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svaki od njih veoma zdrav,
04:45
all of it sound that we evolved to over the years.
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a uz koje smo evoluirali tokom godina.
04:47
Seek those sounds out; they're good for you and so it this.
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Potražite ove zvukove tamo napolju; dobri su za vas.
04:53
Silence is beautiful.
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Tišina je prelepa.
04:55
The Elizabethans described language
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Jezik je čak bio nekad opisivan
04:57
as decorated silence.
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kao dekorativna tišina.
04:59
I urge you to move away from silence with intention
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Molim vas da se odmičete od tišine sa namerom
05:02
and to design soundscapes just like works of art.
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i da kreirate zvučna pribežišta kao umetnička dela.
05:05
Have a foreground, a background, all in beautiful proportion.
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Imajte i u prvom planu i u pozadini predivne proporcije.
05:08
It's fun to get into designing with sound.
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Zabavno je ući u dizajniranje zvukom.
05:10
If you can't do it yourself, get a professional to do it for you.
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Ako ne možete sami, nađite profesionalca da to obavi za vas.
05:13
Sound design is the future,
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Zvučni dizajn je budućnost,
05:15
and I think it's the way we're going to change the way the world sounds.
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i mislim da je to način na koji ćemo promeniti način na koji naš svet zvuči.
05:18
I'm going to just run quickly through eight modalities,
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Protrčaću samo kratko kroz osam modaliteta,
05:20
eight ways sound can improve health.
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osam načina na koje zvuk može poboljšati zdravlje.
05:23
First, ultrasound: we're very familiar with it from physical therapy;
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Prvo, ultrazvuk: to nam je jako poznato kroz fizikalnu terapiju.
05:26
it's also now being used to treat cancer.
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Takođe se sada koristi i za lečenje raka.
05:28
Lithotripsy -- saving thousands of people a year from the scalpel
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Litotripsija -- spašava hiljade ljudi godišnje od skalpela
05:31
by pulverizing stones with high-intensity sound.
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razbijajući kamenje u bubrezima pomoću zvuka visokog inenziteta.
05:34
Sound healing is a wonderful modality.
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Lečenje zvukom je predivan modalitet.
05:36
It's been around for thousands of years.
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On je tu oko nas hiljadama godina.
05:38
I do urge you to explore this.
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Tražim od vas da istražujete to.
05:40
There are great things being done there, treating now autism,
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Sjajne se stvari rade tu, tretira se autizam,
05:42
dementia and other conditions.
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demencija i druga stanja.
05:44
And music, of course. Just listening to music is good for you,
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I muzika, naravno. Samo slušanje muzike je dobro za vas,
05:47
if it's music that's made with good intention,
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ukoliko je to muzika stvorena sa dobrom namerom,
05:49
made with love, generally.
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i naravno sa ljubavlju.
05:51
Devotional music, good -- Mozart, good.
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Molitvena muzika je dobra. Mocart takođe.
05:53
There are all sorts of types of music
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Postoje mnoge različite vrste muzike
05:55
that are very healthy.
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koje su veoma zdrave.
05:57
And four modalities where you need to take some action
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I četiri modalieta gde treba da preduzmete neku akciju
05:59
and get involved.
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i da se uključite.
06:01
First of all, listen consciously.
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Pre svega, slušajte pažljivo.
06:03
I hope that that after this talk you'll be doing that.
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Nadam se da će biti upravo tako nakon ovog predavanja.
06:05
It's a whole new dimension to your life and it's wonderful to have that dimension.
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To je potpuno nova dimenzija u vašem životu, i predivno je imati tu dimenziju.
06:08
Secondly, get in touch with making some sound --
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Drugo, počnite da stvarate neki zvuk.
06:11
create sound.
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Kreirajte zvuk.
06:13
The voice is the instrument we all play,
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Glas je instrument koji svi sviramo,
06:15
and yet how many of us are trained in using our voice? Get trained;
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a opet koliko nas je trenirano da koristimo taj glas? Trenirajte.
06:18
learn to sing, learn to play an instrument.
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Učite da pevate. Ušite da svirate instrument.
06:20
Musicians have bigger brains -- it's true.
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Muzičari imaju veće mozgove -- to je istina.
06:23
You can do this in groups as well.
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Možete to raditi i u grupi takođe.
06:25
It's a fantastic antidote to schizophonia;
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To je sjajna preventiva od šizofonije,
06:27
to make music and sound in a group of people,
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stvarati muziku i zvuke u grupi ljudi,
06:29
whichever style you enjoy particularly.
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koji god stil da preferirate.
06:32
And let's take a stewarding role for the sound around us.
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I hajde da preuzmemo ulogu čuvara zvukova oko nas.
06:34
Protect your ears? Yes, absolutely.
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Zaštititi uši? Da, svakako.
06:36
Design soundscapes to be beautiful around you
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Stvoriti zvučna pribežišta kako bi ulepšali prostor
06:38
at home and at work.
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kod kuće i na poslu.
06:40
And let's start to speak up
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I hajde da počnemo da pričamo
06:42
when people are assailing us
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kada nas ljudi počnu zasipati
06:44
with the noise that I played you early on.
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svom tom bukom koju sam vam puštao ranije.
06:46
So I'm going to leave you with seven things you can do right now
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Ostaviću vas sa sedam stvari koje možete uraditi upravo sada
06:49
to improve your health with sound.
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kako biste poboljšali svoje zdravlje zvukom.
06:51
My vision is of a world that sounds beautiful
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Moja vizija je svet koju zvuči lepo,
06:54
and if we all start doing these things,
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i ako svi počnemo da radimo ove stvari,
06:56
we will take a very big step in that direction.
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napravićemo veliki korak u tom pravcu.
06:58
So I urge you to take that path.
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Pozivam vas da krenete tim putem.
07:01
I'm leaving you with a little more birdsong, which is very good for you.
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Ostavljam vas sa pesmom ptica, koja je veoma dobra za vas.
07:03
I wish you sound health.
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Želim vam da zvučite zdravo.
07:05
(Applause)
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ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Julian Treasure - Sound consultantJulian Treasure studies sound and advises businesses on how best to use it.
Why you should listen
Julian Treasure is the chair of the Sound Agency, a firm that advises worldwide businesses -- offices, retailers, airports -- on how to design sound in their physical spaces and communication. He asks us to pay attention to the sounds that surround us. How do they make us feel: productive, stressed, energized, acquisitive?
Treasure is the author of the book Sound Business, a manual for effective sound use in every aspect of business. His most recent book, How to be Heard: Secrets for Powerful Speaking and Listening, based on his TED Talk, offers practical exercises to improve communication skills and an inspiring vision for a sonorous world of effective speaking, conscious listening and understanding. He speaks globally on this topic.
Julian Treasure | Speaker | TED.com