TEDGlobal 2007
Andrew Mwenda: Aid for Africa? No thanks.
Andrew Mwenda na mtazamo mpya kuhusu Afrika
Filmed:
Readability: 4.9
1,210,423 views
katika maongezi haya, mwandishi wa habari Andrew mwenda anatuambia kubadilisha "swali kuhusu Afrika" kuangalia zaidi ya habari za umaskini, vita na hali ya kushindwa kujisaidia, na kuona fursa za kutengeneza ustawi na furaha katika kila eneo barani.
Andrew Mwenda - Journalist
Journalist Andrew Mwenda has spent his career fighting for free speech and economic empowerment throughout Africa. He argues that aid makes objects of the poor -- they become passive recipients of charity rather than active participants in their own economic betterment. Full bio
Journalist Andrew Mwenda has spent his career fighting for free speech and economic empowerment throughout Africa. He argues that aid makes objects of the poor -- they become passive recipients of charity rather than active participants in their own economic betterment. Full bio
Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.
00:26
I am very, very happy to be amidst some of the most --
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nina furaha kubwa kuwa kati ya
00:30
the lights are really disturbing my eyes
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mwanga unasumbua sana macho yangu
00:32
and they're reflecting on my glasses.
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na unaakisiwa katika miwani yangu
00:34
I am very happy and honored to be amidst
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Ni furaha na heshima kwangu kuwa kati ya
00:38
very, very innovative and intelligent people.
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watu wabunifu na wenye ufahamu wa hali ya juu
00:41
I have listened to the three previous speakers,
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nimewasikiliza wazungumzaji watatu waliopita
00:44
and guess what happened?
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na jaribu kufikiri nini kilichotokea?
00:46
Every single thing I planned to say, they have said it here,
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kila kitu nilichopanga kuzungumza wameshakiongea,
00:49
and it looks and sounds like I have nothing else to say.
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na inaonekana sasa ni kama sina chochote cha kuongea
00:54
(Laughter)
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(vicheko)
00:55
But there is a saying in my culture
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lakini kuna msemo katika jamii yangu
00:58
that if a bud leaves a tree without saying something,
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kuwa kama jani likidondoka kutoka mtini bila kusema chochote
01:03
that bud is a young one.
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basi jani hilo ni changa
01:06
So, I will -- since I am not young and am very old,
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kwa hiyo kwa kuwa si mchanga nami nina umri mkubwa sana
01:11
I still will say something.
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bado nitaongea kitu
01:13
We are hosting this conference at a very opportune moment,
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tunaandaa mkutano huu katika wakati ambao umejaa fursa nyingi
01:18
because another conference is taking place in Berlin.
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kwa kuwa mkutano mwingine unafanyika katika mji wa Berlin(Ujerumani)
01:20
It is the G8 Summit.
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na huu ni mkutano wa G8
01:23
The G8 Summit proposes that the solution to Africa's problems
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mkutano huu wa G8, unapendekeza kuwa ufumbuzi wa matatizo ya Afrika
01:30
should be a massive increase in aid,
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ni ongezeko maradufu la misaada,
01:33
something akin to the Marshall Plan.
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hatua ambayo inafanana na mpango wa Marshall
01:35
Unfortunately, I personally do not believe in the Marshall Plan.
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bahati mbaya ni kuwa mimi siamini katika mpango huu wa Marshall
01:39
One, because the benefits of the Marshall Plan have been overstated.
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kwanza, kwa sababu faida za mpango huu wa Marshall zimeongezwa chumvi.
01:44
Its largest recipients were Germany and France,
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waliopokea msaada mkubwa kupitia mpango huu walikuwa ni ujerumani na ufaransa,
01:47
and it was only 2.5 percent of their GDP.
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na msaada huu ulikuwa ni asilimia 2.5 tu ya pato lao la taifa(GDP)
01:50
An average African country receives foreign aid
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kwa wastani nchi yoyote Afrika inapokea misaada kutoka nje
01:53
to the tune of 13, 15 percent of its GDP,
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kufikia kiwango cha asilimia 13, 15 ya pato la taifa,
01:59
and that is an unprecedented transfer of financial resources
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huu ni uhamishaji wa rasilimali za kiuchumi mkubwa sana
02:02
from rich countries to poor countries.
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kutoka nchi tajiri kwenda nchi maskini
02:05
But I want to say that there are two things we need to connect.
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lakini kuna vitu viwili ambavyo tunahitaji kuviunganisha
02:08
How the media covers Africa in the West, and the consequences of that.
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navyo ni jinsi vyombo vya habari vinavyoionyesha Afrika katika nchi za magharibi na madhara yake
02:14
By displaying despair, helplessness and hopelessness,
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kwa kuonyesha majonzi, matatizo na ukosefu wa matumaini
02:17
the media is telling the truth about Africa, and nothing but the truth.
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vyombo vya habari vinaonyesha ukweli kuhusu Afrika,na si vinginevyo zaidi ya ukweli.
02:23
However, the media is not telling us the whole truth.
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lakini vyombo vya habari havielezi ukweli wote.
02:27
Because despair, civil war, hunger and famine,
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kwa sababu huzuni,vita vya wenyewe kwa wenyewe na njaa
02:31
although they're part and parcel of our African reality,
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ingawa ni sehemu ya ukweli kuhusu Afrika
02:35
they are not the only reality.
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lakini sio ukweli pekee
02:37
And secondly, they are the smallest reality.
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na pili ni sehemu ndogo sana ya ukweli
02:39
Africa has 53 nations.
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bara la Afrika lina mataifa 53
02:41
We have civil wars only in six countries,
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lakini tuna vita vya wenyewe kwa wenyewe katika nchi sita tu,
02:44
which means that the media are covering only six countries.
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hii inamaanisha kwamba vyombo vya habari vinaonyesha nchi sita tu
02:48
Africa has immense opportunities that never navigate
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Afrika ina fursa nyingi ambazo hazijatolewa
02:52
through the web of despair and helplessness
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katika mzunguko wa matatizo na kukosa msaada
02:54
that the Western media largely presents to its audience.
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ambao vyombo vya habari vya magharibi vinaonyesha kwa watazamaji wao
02:59
But the effect of that presentation is, it appeals to sympathy.
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lakini madhara ya hali hii ni kuwa inaleta hali ya huruma
03:03
It appeals to pity. It appeals to something called charity.
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inaleta hali ya huruma na kusaidia
03:08
And, as a consequence, the Western view
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kwa hiyo mwonekano kwa nchi za magharibi
03:11
of Africa's economic dilemma is framed wrongly.
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kuhusu matatizo ya kiuchumi ya afrika unakuwa mbaya
03:16
The wrong framing is a product of thinking
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mwonekano huu mbaya ni zao la mawazo
03:20
that Africa is a place of despair.
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kuwa afrika ni sehemu ya matatizo
03:23
What should we do with it? We should give food to the hungry.
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tuifanyie nini?tupeleke chakula kwa wenye njaa
03:26
We should deliver medicines to those who are ill.
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tupeleke madawa kwa wagonjwa
03:29
We should send peacekeeping troops
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tupeleke majeshi ya kulinda amani
03:31
to serve those who are facing a civil war.
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kuwalinda wanaokabiliwa na vita vya wenyewe kwa wenyewe.
03:33
And in the process, Africa has been stripped of self-initiative.
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na katika hali hii afrika imenyang'anywa kujitegemea yenyewe
03:38
I want to say that it is important to recognize
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nataka kusema kuwa ni muhimu kuelewa
03:41
that Africa has fundamental weaknesses.
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kuwa afrika ina udhaifu wa msingi
03:44
But equally, it has opportunities and a lot of potential.
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lakini pia ina fursa nyingi na uwezo mkubwa
03:48
We need to reframe the challenge that is facing Africa,
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tunahitaji kubadilisha fikra kuhusu changamoto zinazoikabili Afrika
03:52
from a challenge of despair,
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kutoka changamoto za matatizo
03:54
which is called poverty reduction,
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matatizo yanayoitwa upunguzaji wa umaskini
03:58
to a challenge of hope.
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kuwa changamoto ya matumaini
04:00
We frame it as a challenge of hope, and that is worth creation.
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tunahitaji kuonyesha kuwa ni changamoto ya matumaini
04:04
The challenge facing all those who are interested in Africa
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changamoto inayowakabili wote wanaoipenda Afrika
04:07
is not the challenge of reducing poverty.
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siyo changamoto ya kupunguza umaskini
04:09
It should be a challenge of creating wealth.
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bali ni changamoto ya kutengeneza mafanikio
04:12
Once we change those two things --
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ni mpaka tutakapobadilisha vitu hivi viwili
04:15
if you say the Africans are poor and they need poverty reduction,
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ukisema Waafrika ni maskini na wanahitahitaji kupunguza umaskini
04:20
you have the international cartel of good intentions
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utakuwa na ushirika wa kimataifa wenye nia ya kusaidia
04:24
moving onto the continent, with what?
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ukiingia afrika na nini?
04:27
Medicines for the poor, food relief for those who are hungry,
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dawa kwa ajili ya maskini,msaada wa chakula kwa ajili ya wenye njaa
04:30
and peacekeepers for those who are facing civil war.
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na walinda amani kwa wale wanaokabiliwa na vita za wenyewe kwa wenyewe
04:35
And in the process, none of these things really are productive
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na mwisho vitu hivi vyote havisaidii chochote
04:39
because you are treating the symptoms, not the causes
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kwa sababu unatibu dalili na sio chanzo
04:41
of Africa's fundamental problems.
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cha msingi cha matatizo ya Afrika
04:44
Sending somebody to school and giving them medicines,
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kumpeleka mtu shule na kumpatia dawa
04:47
ladies and gentlemen, does not create wealth for them.
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mabibi na mabwana, hakutengenezi mafanikio kwa ajili yao
04:52
Wealth is a function of income, and income comes from you finding
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mafanikio yanatokana na kipato,kipato kinachokuja kutokana na kupata
04:56
a profitable trading opportunity or a well-paying job.
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fursa ya biashara yenye faida au ajira inayolipa vizuri
05:00
Now, once we begin to talk about wealth creation in Africa,
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kwa hiyo tunaapoanza kuongelea kutengeneza mafanikio katika Afrika
05:03
our second challenge will be,
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changamoto yetu ya pili itakuwa ni,
05:05
who are the wealth-creating agents in any society?
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ni kina nani ambao ni mawakala wa utengenezaji wa mafanikio katika jamii yoyote
05:08
They are entrepreneurs. [Unclear] told us they are always
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ni wajasiriamali ..[haileweki] .... alituambia kuwa siku zote
05:12
about four percent of the population, but 16 percent are imitators.
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asilimia 4 ya watu,lakini asilimia 16 ni waigaji
05:16
But they also succeed at the job of entrepreneurship.
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lakini pia wanafanikiwa katika ujasiriamali
05:21
So, where should we be putting the money?
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kwa hiyo tuwekeze pesa zetu wapi sasa?
05:24
We need to put money where it can productively grow.
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tunahitaji kuwekeza pesa zetu pale ambapo itazaa
05:29
Support private investment in Africa, both domestic and foreign.
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wezesha uwekezeji binafsi Afrika,uwekezaji kutoka ndani na nje
05:33
Support research institutions,
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wezesha taasisi za utafiti,
05:36
because knowledge is an important part of wealth creation.
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kwa sababu maarifa ni sehemu muhimu ya utengenezaji wa mafanikio
05:40
But what is the international aid community doing with Africa today?
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lakini ni nini jumuiya ya misaada ya kimataifa inafanya afrika leo?
05:44
They are throwing large sums of money for primary health,
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wanatupa kiasi kikubwa cha pesa kwa ajili ya huduma za msingi za afya,
05:47
for primary education, for food relief.
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elimu na misaada ya chakula.
05:50
The entire continent has been turned into
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bara lote limegeuzwa kuwa ni,
05:52
a place of despair, in need of charity.
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sehemu ya matatizo inayohitaji msaada
05:55
Ladies and gentlemen, can any one of you tell me
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mabibi na mabwana,kuna yeyote anayeweza kuniambia
05:57
a neighbor, a friend, a relative that you know,
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jirani,rafiki,ndugu unayemjua
06:00
who became rich by receiving charity?
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ambaye alikuwa tajiri kwa kupokea misaada?
06:04
By holding the begging bowl and receiving alms?
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kwa kushika bakuli la kuombea?
06:07
Does any one of you in the audience have that person?
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kuna mtu yeyote kati yenu aliye na mtu wa aina hiyo?
06:10
Does any one of you know a country that developed because of
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kuna yeyote anayejua nchi iliyoendelea kwa sababu ya
06:15
the generosity and kindness of another?
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huruma na ukarimu wa nchi nyingine?
06:18
Well, since I'm not seeing the hand,
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kwa kuwa sioni mkono wowote
06:20
it appears that what I'm stating is true.
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inaonekana ninachokiongea kuwa ni sahihi
06:23
(Bono: Yes!)
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Bono:ndio
06:25
Andrew Mwenda: I can see Bono says he knows the country.
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Andrew Mwenda: naona bono anasema anaijua nchi hiyo.
06:27
Which country is that?
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ni nchi gani hiyo?
06:28
(Bono: It's an Irish land.)
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Bono:ni jina la kiireland
06:29
(Laughter)
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(vicheko)
06:31
(Bono: [unclear])
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Bono[haileweki]
06:33
AM: Thank you very much. But let me tell you this.
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asante sana. lakini naomba nikwambie kuwa
06:37
External actors can only present to you an opportunity.
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wasaidizi kutoka nje watakachokupa ni fursa tu
06:41
The ability to utilize that opportunity and turn it into an advantage
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uwezo wa kuitumia na kuigeuza kuwa faida
06:46
depends on your internal capacity.
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unategemea na uwezo ulionao
06:48
Africa has received many opportunities.
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afrika imepata fursa nyingi
06:50
Many of them we haven't benefited much.
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nyingi kati ya hizo hazijatusaidia sana.
06:53
Why? Because we lack the internal, institutional framework
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kwa nini? kwa sababu tumekosa uwezo kutoka ndani
06:58
and policy framework that can make it possible for us
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na sera zitakazowezesha
07:01
to benefit from our external relations. I'll give you an example.
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kufaidika na mahusiano yetu ya nje.nitatoa mfano
07:04
Under the Cotonou Agreement,
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chini ya makubaliano ya Cotonou
07:06
formerly known as the Lome Convention,
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zamani yakijulikana kama makubaliano ya Lome
07:09
African countries have been given an opportunity by Europe
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nchi za afrika zimepewa nafasi na bara la ulaya
07:12
to export goods, duty-free, to the European Union market.
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ya kusafirisha bidhaa bila ushuru katika soko lao
07:17
My own country, Uganda, has a quota to export 50,000 metric tons
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Nchi yangu mwenyewe,Uganda imepewa kuuza kiasi cha tani 50 000
07:23
of sugar to the European Union market.
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za sukari kwenda katika soko la ulaya
07:26
We haven't exported one kilogram yet.
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mpaka sasa hatujauza hata kilo moja
07:28
We import 50,000 metric tons of sugar from Brazil and Cuba.
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tunaagiza tani 50 000 za sukari kutoka brazili na Cuba
07:37
Secondly, under the beef protocol of that agreement,
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pili,upande wa nyama katika makubaliano haya
07:40
African countries that produce beef
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nchi za afrika zinazozalisha nyama
07:42
have quotas to export beef duty-free to the European Union market.
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zimepewa kiasi cha kuuza bila ushuru katika soko la ulaya
07:47
None of those countries, including Africa's most successful nation, Botswana,
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hakuna nchi yoyote ikiwamo botswana,nchi iliyofanikiwa sana afrika
07:51
has ever met its quota.
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ambayo imefanikiwa kufikia kiwango hicho
07:54
So, I want to argue today that the fundamental source of Africa's
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kwa hiyo nataka kusema kuwa msingi wa afrika
07:59
inability to engage the rest of the world
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kushindwa kushirikiana kikamilifu na nchi nyingine duniani
08:01
in a more productive relationship
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katika mahusiano ya kiuchumi
08:04
is because it has a poor institutional and policy framework.
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ni kwa sababu ya uwezo mbovu kitaasisi na kisera
08:08
And all forms of intervention need support,
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njia zozote za utatuzi zinahitaji msaada
08:11
the evolution of the kinds of institutions that create wealth,
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kuanzishwa kwa taasisi zinazotengeneza mafanikio
08:15
the kinds of institutions that increase productivity.
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taasisi zinazoongeza uzalishaji
08:18
How do we begin to do that, and why is aid the bad instrument?
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tunaanzaje kufanya hivyo na kwa nini misaada si njia nzuri?
08:22
Aid is the bad instrument, and do you know why?
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misaada si njia nzuri,unajua ni kwa nini?
08:24
Because all governments across the world need money to survive.
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ni kwa sababu serikali zote duniani zinahitaji pesa ili zidumu
08:28
Money is needed for a simple thing like keeping law and order.
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pesa inahitajika kwa ajili ya kufanya vitu kama kuhakikisha usalama.
08:32
You have to pay the army and the police to show law and order.
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unahitaji kulipa wanajeshi na polisi kulinda usalama.
08:34
And because many of our governments are quite dictatorial,
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na kwa sababu serikali zetu nyingi ni za kidikteta
08:38
they need really to have the army clobber the opposition.
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wanahitaji jeshi kunyanyasa wapinzani
08:42
The second thing you need to do is pay your political hangers-on.
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na pili unahitaji kulipa washirika wako wa kisiasa
08:47
Why should people support their government?
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kwa nini watu waisaidie serikali yao?
08:48
Well, because it gives them good, paying jobs,
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kwa sababu inawapa kazi yenye malipo mazuri
08:50
or, in many African countries, unofficial opportunities
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au,katika nchi nyingi za africa,nafasi zisizo rasmi
08:54
to profit from corruption.
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za kujinufaisha na rushwa
08:56
The fact is no government in the world,
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ukweli ni kwamba hakuna serikali duniani
08:59
with the exception of a few, like that of Idi Amin,
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ukiondoa chache kama ile ya Idi Amin
09:01
can seek to depend entirely on force as an instrument of rule.
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ambazo zitategemea nguvu katika kutawala
09:06
Many countries in the [unclear], they need legitimacy.
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nchi nyingi katika [haileweki],zinahitaji uhalali
09:09
To get legitimacy, governments often need to deliver things like primary education,
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kujihalalisha, serikali mara nyingi inaleta vitu kama elimu ya msingi
09:15
primary health, roads, build hospitals and clinics.
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huduma za afya,barabara, hospitali na vituo vya afya
09:20
If the government's fiscal survival
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kama kusimama kwa serikali kiuchumi
09:22
depends on it having to raise money from its own people,
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kunategemea kuingiza pesa kutoka kwa watu wake
09:26
such a government is driven by self-interest
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serikali kama hiyo inaendeshwa na maslahi binafsi
09:28
to govern in a more enlightened fashion.
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ikitawala kwa kutoa amri
09:30
It will sit with those who create wealth.
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itakaa na wanaoingiza fedha
09:33
Talk to them about the kind of policies and institutions
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kuongea nao kuhusu sera na taasisi
09:36
that are necessary for them to expand a scale and scope of business
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ambazo ni muhimu kwao kwa ajili ya kukuza biashara zao
09:40
so that it can collect more tax revenues from them.
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ili iweze kukusanya kodi zaidi kutoka kwao
09:43
The problem with the African continent
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tatizo la bara la afrika
09:45
and the problem with the aid industry
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na mashirika ya misaada
09:46
is that it has distorted the structure of incentives
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ni kwamba imeharibu mfumo wa kujitegemea
09:49
facing the governments in Africa.
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unaozikumba serikali za Afrika
09:52
The productive margin in our governments' search for revenue
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inatafuta mapato ya maana
09:55
does not lie in the domestic economy,
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sio katika uchumi wa ndani
09:58
it lies with international donors.
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bali kutoka kwa wafadhili
10:00
Rather than sit with Ugandan --
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baada ya kukaa na
10:02
(Applause) --
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makofi
10:06
rather than sit with Ugandan entrepreneurs,
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baada ya kukaa na wajasiriamali wa Uganda
10:09
Ghanaian businessmen, South African enterprising leaders,
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wafanyabiashara wa Ghana,au viongozi wa viwanda wa afrika ya kusini
10:15
our governments find it more productive
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serikali zetu zinaona ni bora
10:18
to talk to the IMF and the World Bank.
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kuongea na IMF na benki ya dunia
10:21
I can tell you, even if you have ten Ph.Ds.,
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hata kama utakuwa na madaktari wa falsafa kumi
10:25
you can never beat Bill Gates in understanding the computer industry.
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hauwezi kumshinda Bill Gates kuhusu ufahamu wa biashara ya kompyuta
10:30
Why? Because the knowledge that is required for you to understand
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kwa nini?kwa sababu maarifa yanayohitajika ili uelewe
10:34
the incentives necessary to expand a business --
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jinsi ya kukuza biashara
10:36
it requires that you listen to the people, the private sector actors in that industry.
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yanahitaji uwasikilize watu walio katika sekta binafsi
10:42
Governments in Africa have therefore been given an opportunity,
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serikali za afrika kwa hiyo zimepewa nafasi
10:45
by the international community, to avoid building
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na jamii ya kimataifa kujiondoa katika kujenga
10:48
productive arrangements with your own citizens,
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mipango endelevu na wananchi wao
10:50
and therefore allowed to begin endless negotiations with the IMF
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na kufanya majadiliano yasiyoisha na IMF
10:56
and the World Bank, and then it is the IMF and the World Bank
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na benki ya dunia na baada ya hapo ni IMF na benki ya dunia
10:59
that tell them what its citizens need.
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ambao wanawaeleza kile wananchi wao wanachihitaji
11:01
In the process, we, the African people, have been sidelined
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katika hali hiyo watu wa afrika wanaachwa pembeni
11:05
from the policy-making, policy-orientation, and policy-
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katika utengenezaji na utekelezaji wa sera
11:09
implementation process in our countries.
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katika nchi zetu
11:11
We have limited input, because he who pays the piper calls the tune.
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tunakuwa hatuna mchango, kwa kuwa amlipaye mpiga filimbi ndiye anayechagua wimbo
11:15
The IMF, the World Bank, and the cartel of good intentions in the world
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IMF, Benki ya dunia na muunganiko wa watoa misaada
11:19
has taken over our rights as citizens,
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wametunyang'anya haki zetu sisi kama raia
11:22
and therefore what our governments are doing, because they depend on aid,
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kwa hiyo ambacho serikali zetu inafanya kwa kuwa zinategemea misaada
11:25
is to listen to international creditors rather than their own citizens.
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ni kuwasikiliza wafadhili kuliko wananchi wao wenyewe
11:29
But I want to put a caveat on my argument,
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lakini nataka niweke angalizo katika maelezo yangu
11:31
and that caveat is that it is not true that aid is always destructive.
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na angalizo hili ni kuwa si kila msaada ni mbaya
11:39
Some aid may have built a hospital, fed a hungry village.
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baadhi ya misaada inaweza ikawa imejenga hospitali na kulisha wenye njaa
11:46
It may have built a road, and that road
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inaweza ikawa imejenga barabara na hiyo barabara
11:48
may have served a very good role.
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inaweza ikawa imefanya kazi nzuri
11:50
The mistake of the international aid industry
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Kosa la jamii ya misaada ya kimataifa
11:52
is to pick these isolated incidents of success,
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ni kuchagua mafanikio haya machache
11:56
generalize them, pour billions and trillions of dollars into them,
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na kuingiza mabillioni kwa matrillioni ya Dola
12:01
and then spread them across the whole world,
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na baadaye kuyatangaza dunia nzima
12:03
ignoring the specific and unique circumstances in a given village,
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wakisahau mazingira mengine tofauti katika kijiji
12:08
the skills, the practices, the norms and habits
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ujuzi, mazoea na tabia
12:11
that allowed that small aid project to succeed --
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vilivyosababisha mradi mdogo wa msaada kufanikiwa
12:14
like in Sauri village, in Kenya, where Jeffrey Sachs is working --
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kama katika kijiji cha sauri, Kenya,ambako Jeffrey Sachs yupo
12:17
and therefore generalize this experience
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na kuifanya kuwa ndio hali
12:20
as the experience of everybody.
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ya kila mtu
12:23
Aid increases the resources available to governments,
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misaada inaongeza rasilimali kwa serikali
12:28
and that makes working in a government the most profitable thing
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na hiyo inasababisha kufanya kazi serikalini kuwa na faida
12:32
you can have, as a person in Africa seeking a career.
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utakuta mtu Afrika anatafuta ajira
12:35
By increasing the political attractiveness of the state,
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kwa kuongeza ushawishi wa kisiasa wa serikali
12:39
especially in our ethnically fragmented societies in Africa,
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na hasa katika jamii zetu zenye makabila mbalimbali
12:43
aid tends to accentuate ethnic tensions
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misaada inachochea misuguano ya kikabila
12:46
as every single ethnic group now begins struggling to enter the state
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kwa kuwa kila kabila litakuwa linataka kuingia serikalini
12:52
in order to get access to the foreign aid pie.
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ili liweze kupata sehemu ya misaada
12:55
Ladies and gentlemen, the most enterprising people in Africa
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mabibi na mabwana,watu wenye ujuzi zaidi Afrika
13:00
cannot find opportunities to trade and to work in the private sector
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hawapati fursa za kufanya kazi na biashara na sekta binafsi
13:05
because the institutional and policy environment is hostile to business.
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kwa kuwa sera zilizopo hazivutii biashara
13:08
Governments are not changing it. Why?
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serikali hazitaki kubadilisha hali hii, Kwa nini?
13:10
Because they don't need to talk to their own citizens.
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kwa sababu hawahitaji kuongea na wananchi wao.
13:15
They talk to international donors.
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wanaongea na mashirika ya misaada ya kimataifa
13:17
So, the most enterprising Africans end up going to work for government,
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kwa hiyo waafrika wenye ujuzi zaidi wanaishia kufanya kazi serikalini
13:22
and that has increased the political tensions in our countries
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na hiyo imeongeza misuguano ya kisiasa katika nchi zetu
13:25
precisely because we depend on aid.
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kwa kuwa tunategemea misaada
13:28
I also want to say that it is important for us to
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nataka kusema pia ni muhimu kwetu
13:32
note that, over the last 50 years, Africa has been receiving increasing aid
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kukumbuka kuwa kwa miaka 50 iliyopita Afrika imekuwa ikipokea misaada inayozidi kuongezeka
13:36
from the international community,
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kutoka kwa jamii ya kimataifa
13:38
in the form of technical assistance, and financial aid,
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katika njia za misaada ya kiufundi na fedha
13:41
and all other forms of aid.
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na katika njia nyingine za misaada
13:43
Between 1960 and 2003, our continent received 600 billion dollars of aid,
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kati ya mwaka 1960 na 2003 bara letu lilipokea dola billioni 600 za misaada
13:53
and we are still told that there is a lot of poverty in Africa.
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na bado tunaelezwa kuwa kuna umaskini mwingi katika bara la afrika
13:56
Where has all the aid gone?
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misaada yote hii imeenda wapi?
13:59
I want to use the example of my own country, called Uganda,
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nataka kutumia mfano wa nchi yangu mwenyewe ya Uganda
14:03
and the kind of structure of incentives that aid has brought there.
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jinsi misaada ilivyoleta mfumo wa utegemezi
14:08
In the 2006-2007 budget, expected revenue: 2.5 trillion shillings.
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Katika bajeti ya 2006-2007,makisio ya mapato yalikuwa ni 2.5 trillion shillings
14:14
The expected foreign aid: 1.9 trillion.
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makisio ya misaada ilikuwa ni 1.9 trillion.
14:17
Uganda's recurrent expenditure -- by recurrent what do I mean?
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Matumizi ya Uganda yanayojirudi rudia,ninaposema hivi ninamaanisha nini?
14:21
Hand-to-mouth is 2.6 trillion.
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ninamaanisha kutoka mkononi kwenda mdomoni ni trillioni 2.6
14:25
Why does the government of Uganda budget spend 110 percent
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Kwa nini bajeti ya serikali ya Uganda inatumia asilimia 110
14:30
of its own revenue?
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ya mapato yake?
14:31
It's because there's somebody there called foreign aid, who contributes for it.
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kwa sababu kuna mtu anayeitwa misaada anayeichangia
14:36
But this shows you that the government of Uganda
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Lakini hii inakuonyesha kuwa serikali ya Uganda
14:38
is not committed to spending its own revenue
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haijajifunga kutumia mapato yake yenyewe
14:42
to invest in productive investments,
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kuwekeze katika uzalishaji
14:44
but rather it devotes this revenue
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Lakini inatumia mapato haya
14:46
to paying structure of public expenditure.
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kulipia matumizi ya sekta ya umma
14:50
Public administration, which is largely patronage, takes 690 billion.
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usimamizi wa serikali ambao ni wa kujuana sana,unachukua billioni 690
14:55
The military, 380 billion.
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Jeshi, billioni 380
14:57
Agriculture, which employs 18 percent of our poverty-stricken citizens,
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Kilimo ambacho kinaajiri asilimia 18 ya watu wetu ambao wengi ni maskini
15:02
takes only 18 billion.
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kinachukua billioni 18 tu.
15:05
Trade and industry takes 43 billion.
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Viwanda na biashara vinachukua billioni 43
15:09
And let me show you, what does public expenditure --
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Ngoja nikuonyeshe ni nini matumizi ya umma
15:13
rather, public administration expenditure -- in Uganda constitute?
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matumizi ya usimamizi wa umma yana nini ndani yake?
15:17
There you go. 70 cabinet ministers, 114 presidential advisers,
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mawaziri 70, washauri wa rais 114
15:23
by the way, who never see the president, except on television.
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ambao hawaonani na rais, isipokuwa katika runinga
15:26
(Laughter)
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vicheko
15:29
(Applause)
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makofi
15:34
And when they see him physically, it is at public functions like this,
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na pale wanapokutana naye ni katika shughuli za kijamii kama hii,
15:39
and even there, it is him who advises them.
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na hata hapo ni yeye anayewashauri
15:43
(Laughter)
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vicheko
15:45
We have 81 units of local government.
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tuna serikali za mitaa 81
15:48
Each local government is organized like the central government --
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kila moja imeundwa kama serikali kuu
15:50
a bureaucracy, a cabinet, a parliament,
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watawala, baraza la mawaziri, bunge
15:52
and so many jobs for the political hangers-on.
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na kazi nyingine nyingi kwa washirika wa kisiasa
15:55
There were 56, and when our president wanted to
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zilikuwa 56,na pale rais wetu alipotaka
15:58
amend the constitution and remove term limits,
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kubadilisha katiba ili kuondoa ukomo wa kutawala
16:01
he had to create 25 new districts, and now there are 81.
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aliunda wilaya mpya 25, na sasa kuna wilaya 81
16:05
Three hundred thirty-three members of parliament.
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wabunge 333
16:07
You need Wembley Stadium to host our parliament.
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unahitaji uwanja cha wembley kuweza kufanya kikao cha bunge letu
16:09
One hundred thirty-four commissions
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tume 134
16:11
and semi-autonomous government bodies,
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na vyombo vya serikali vyenye uhuru usio kamili
16:16
all of which have directors and the cars. And the final thing,
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vyote vikiwa na wakurugenzi na magari, na kitu cha mwisho
16:20
this is addressed to Mr. Bono. In his work, he may help us on this.
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hii naielekeza kwa Ndugu Bono. katika kazi yake anaweza akatusaidia katika hili
16:24
A recent government of Uganda study found
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utafiti wa karibuni wa serikali ya Uganda uligundua
16:26
that there are 3,000 four-wheel drive motor vehicles
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kuwa kuna magari ya kifahari 3000
16:30
at the Minister of Health headquarters.
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katika makao makuu ya waziri wa afya
16:32
Uganda has 961 sub-counties, each of them with a dispensary,
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Uganda ina tarafa 961,kila moja ikiwa na kituo cha afya
16:37
none of which has an ambulance.
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lakini hakuna hata kimoja chenye gari la kubebea wagonjwa
16:39
So, the four-wheel drive vehicles at the headquarters
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kwa hiyo magari ya kifahari makao makuu
16:42
drive the ministers, the permanent secretaries, the bureaucrats
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yanawaendesha mawaziri,makatibu wa wizara,viongozi
16:45
and the international aid bureaucrats who work in aid projects,
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viongozi kutoka mashirika ya misaada wanaofanya katika miradi ya misaada
16:48
while the poor die without ambulances and medicine.
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wakati maskini wanakufa kwa kukosa magari ya wagonjwa na madawa
16:54
Finally, I want to say that before I came to speak here,
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Mwisho,nataka kusema kuwa kabla ya kuja hapa kuzungumza
16:58
I was told that the principle of TEDGlobal
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niliambiwa kuwa msingi wa TEDGlobal
17:02
is that the good speech should be like a miniskirt.
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ni kuwa hotuba nzuri inatakiwa iwe kama sketi fupi
17:05
It should be short enough to arouse interest,
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inatakiwa iwe fupi kiasi cha kuamsha hisia
17:07
but long enough to cover the subject.
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lakini pia ndefu kufunika jambo lenyewe
17:09
I hope I have achieved that.
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natumaini nimefanikisha hilo
17:10
(Laughter)
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vicheko
17:11
Thank you very much.
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Asante sana
17:12
(Applause)
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makofi
ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Andrew Mwenda - JournalistJournalist Andrew Mwenda has spent his career fighting for free speech and economic empowerment throughout Africa. He argues that aid makes objects of the poor -- they become passive recipients of charity rather than active participants in their own economic betterment.
Why you should listen
Andrew Mwenda is a print, radio and television journalist, and an active critic of many forms of Western aid to Africa. Too much of the aid from rich nations, he says, goes to the worst African countries to fuel war and government abuse. Such money not only never gets to its intended recipients, Africa's truly needy -- it actively plays a part in making their lives worse.
Mwenda worked at the Daily Monitor newspaper in Kampala starting in the mid-1990s, and hosted a radio show, Andrew Mwenda Live, since 2001; in 2005, he was charged with sedition by the Ugandan government for criticizing the president of Uganda on his radio show, in the wake of the helicopter crash that killed the vice president of Sudan. He has produced documentaries and commentary for the BBC on the dangers of aid and debt relief to Africa, and consulted for the World Bank and Transparency international, and was a Knight Fellow at Stanford in 2007.
In December 2007, he launched a new newspaper in Kampala, The Independent, a leading source of uncensored news in the country. The following spring, he was arrested and accused of publishing inflammatory articles about the Ugandan government. Since being released, he has gone on to be recognized by the World Economic Forum as a Young Global Leader and to win the CPJ International Press Freedom Award.
Andrew Mwenda | Speaker | TED.com