ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Hans Rosling - Global health expert; data visionary
In Hans Rosling’s hands, data sings. Global trends in health and economics come to vivid life. And the big picture of global development—with some surprisingly good news—snaps into sharp focus.

Why you should listen

Even the most worldly and well-traveled among us have had their perspectives shifted by Hans Rosling. A professor of global health at Sweden's Karolinska Institute, his work focused on dispelling common myths about the so-called developing world, which (as he pointed out) is no longer worlds away from the West. In fact, most of the Third World is on the same trajectory toward health and prosperity, and many countries are moving twice as fast as the west did.

What set Rosling apart wasn't just his apt observations of broad social and economic trends, but the stunning way he presented them. Guaranteed: You've never seen data presented like this. A presentation that tracks global health and poverty trends should be, in a word: boring. But in Rosling's hands, data sings. Trends come to life. And the big picture — usually hazy at best — snaps into sharp focus.

Rosling's presentations were grounded in solid statistics (often drawn from United Nations and World Bank data), illustrated by the visualization software he developed. The animations transform development statistics into moving bubbles and flowing curves that make global trends clear, intuitive and even playful. During his legendary presentations, Rosling took this one step farther, narrating the animations with a sportscaster's flair.

Rosling developed the breakthrough software behind his visualizations through his nonprofit Gapminder, founded with his son and daughter-in-law. The free software — which can be loaded with any data — was purchased by Google in March 2007. (Rosling met the Google founders at TED.)

Rosling began his wide-ranging career as a physician, spending many years in rural Africa tracking a rare paralytic disease (which he named konzo) and discovering its cause: hunger and badly processed cassava. He co-founded Médecins sans Frontièrs (Doctors without Borders) Sweden, wrote a textbook on global health, and as a professor at the Karolinska Institut in Stockholm initiated key international research collaborations. He's also personally argued with many heads of state, including Fidel Castro.

Hans Rosling passed away in February 2017. He is greatly missed.


More profile about the speaker
Hans Rosling | Speaker | TED.com
TEDWomen 2010

Hans Rosling: The magic washing machine

汉斯·罗斯林和神奇的洗衣机

Filmed:
2,973,428 views

工业革命最伟大的发明是什么?汉斯·罗斯林举例是洗衣机。配合Gapminder新的设计图,罗斯林向大家展示了当经济增长和电器把一个乏味的洗衣日转变为一个知性的读书日时显现出的神奇。
- Global health expert; data visionary
In Hans Rosling’s hands, data sings. Global trends in health and economics come to vivid life. And the big picture of global development—with some surprisingly good news—snaps into sharp focus. Full bio

Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.

00:15
I was only four years年份 old
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我只有四岁时
00:17
when I saw my mother母亲 load加载 a washing洗涤 machine
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我看到我妈
00:20
for the very first time in her life.
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在她一生中第一次使用一台洗衣机。
00:23
That was a great day for my mother母亲.
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那对我妈来说是非常棒的一天。
00:25
My mother母亲 and father父亲 had been saving保存 money for years年份
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我父母已经数年存钱
00:28
to be able能够 to buy购买 that machine,
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才得以买到那台洗衣机。
00:30
and the first day it was going to be used,
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第一天它被使用时,
00:32
even Grandma奶奶 was invited邀请
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甚至邀请了奶奶来
00:34
to see the machine.
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看这洗衣机。
00:36
And Grandma奶奶 was even more excited兴奋.
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奶奶更加激动。
00:39
Throughout始终 her life
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在她一生中
00:41
she had been heating加热 water with firewood,
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她一直用木柴烧热水,
00:43
and she had hand washed laundry洗衣店
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然后用手洗
00:45
for seven children孩子.
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七个孩子的衣服。
00:47
And now she was going to watch
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而现在她将目睹
00:50
electricity电力 do that work.
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电器来洗衣服。
00:53
My mother母亲 carefully小心 opened打开 the door,
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我妈小心翼翼地打开洗衣机门,
00:57
and she loaded the laundry洗衣店
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她把衣服
00:59
into the machine,
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放进洗衣机,
01:01
like this.
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就像这样。
01:03
And then, when she closed关闭 the door,
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然后,当她关上门时,
01:05
Grandma奶奶 said, "No, no, no, no.
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奶奶说,“不,不。
01:07
Let me, let me push the button按键."
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让我来按按钮。”
01:11
And Grandma奶奶 pushed the button按键,
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奶奶按了按钮,
01:13
and she said, "Oh, fantastic奇妙!
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她说,“哦,棒极了。
01:16
I want to see this! Give me a chair椅子!
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我想看这个。给我一把椅子。
01:18
Give me a chair椅子! I want to see it,"
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给我一把椅子。我想看这洗衣机。”
01:20
and she satSAT down in front面前 of the machine,
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她坐在洗衣机前,
01:23
and she watched看着 the entire整个 washing洗涤 program程序.
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看了整个洗衣过程。
01:27
She was mesmerized如醉如痴.
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她对此非常着迷。
01:29
To my grandmother祖母,
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对我奶奶而言,
01:32
the washing洗涤 machine was a miracle奇迹.
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洗衣机就是个奇迹。
01:35
Today今天, in Sweden瑞典 and other rich丰富 countries国家,
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今天,在瑞典和其他富有国家,
01:38
people are using运用
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人们在使用
01:40
so many许多 different不同 machines.
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很多各种各样的机器。
01:42
Look, the homes家园 are full充分 of machines.
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瞧瞧,家里满是机器;
01:44
I can't even name名称 them all.
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我甚至都叫不上它们的名字来。
01:46
And they also, when they want to travel旅行,
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当他们想要去旅行,
01:49
they use flying飞行 machines
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他们也会使用飞行器
01:52
that can take them to remote远程 destinations目的地.
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它能承载他们到遥远的目的地。
01:54
And yet然而, in the world世界, there are so many许多 people
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在世界上,当然还有许多人们
01:56
who still heat the water on fire,
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他们还用火烧热水,
01:59
and they cook厨师 their food餐饮 on fire.
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用火来做饭。
02:02
Sometimes有时 they don't even have enough足够 food餐饮,
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有时他们甚至没有足够的食物。
02:04
and they live生活 below下面 the poverty贫穷 line线.
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他们生活在贫困线以下。
02:07
There are two billion十亿 fellow同伴 human人的 beings众生
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20亿人类同胞
02:10
who live生活 on less than two dollars美元 a day.
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生活在每天少于2美元的贫困线下。
02:12
And the richest首富 people over there --
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那边是最富有的人们--
02:14
there's one billion十亿 people --
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有10亿人口--
02:16
and they live生活 above以上 what I call the "air空气 line线,"
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他们生活在我所谓的航空线之上,
02:20
because they spend more than $80 a day
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因为他们每天消费
02:23
on their consumption消费.
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超过80美元。
02:25
But this is just one, two, three billion十亿 people,
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但这只是10亿,20亿,30亿人口,
02:28
and obviously明显 there are seven billion十亿 people in the world世界,
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显然地,世界上共有70亿人口,
02:31
so there must必须 be one, two, three, four billion十亿 people more
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所以这必定是10,20,30,40亿更多的人口,
02:34
who live生活 in between之间 the poverty贫穷 and the air空气 line线.
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他们生活在贫困线和航空线之间。
02:37
They have electricity电力,
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他们有电器,
02:40
but the question is, how many许多 have washing洗涤 machines?
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但问题是,多少人会有洗衣机?
02:43
I've doneDONE the scrutiny审查 of market市场 data数据,
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我已经细查了市场数据,
02:46
and I've found发现 that, indeed确实,
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事实上,我发现
02:48
the washing洗涤 machine has penetrated渗透 below下面 the air空气 line线,
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洗衣机已经覆盖了低于航空线之下的人们,
02:51
and today今天 there's an additional额外 one billion十亿 people out there
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目前另外10亿人生活在那组
02:54
who live生活 above以上 the "wash line线."
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他们生活在洗衣机线之上。
02:57
(Laughter笑声)
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(笑声)
02:59
And they consume消耗 more than $40 per day.
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他们的消费每天超过40美元。
03:03
So two billion十亿 have access访问 to washing洗涤 machines.
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那么20亿人有了洗衣机。
03:06
And the remaining其余 five billion十亿,
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剩下的50亿人,
03:08
how do they wash?
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他们怎样洗衣服?
03:10
Or, to be more precise精确,
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或者更加准确地说,
03:12
how do most of the women妇女 in the world世界 wash?
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世上多数女性是怎样洗衣服?
03:15
Because it remains遗迹 hard work for women妇女 to wash.
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因为洗衣服对于女性来说还是件苦差事。
03:19
They wash like this: by hand.
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她们像这样洗衣服:用手。
03:22
It's a hard, time-consuming耗时的 labor劳动,
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这洗衣服是一个艰苦耗时的工作,
03:26
which哪一个 they have to do for hours小时 every一切 week.
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每周她们不得不数个小时用来洗衣服。
03:29
And sometimes有时 they also have to bring带来 water from far away
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有时她们也要从很远的地方抬水
03:32
to do the laundry洗衣店 at home,
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回家洗衣服。
03:34
or they have to bring带来 the laundry洗衣店 away to a stream far off.
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或者她们得带上衣服去到很远的小河边。
03:38
And they want the washing洗涤 machine.
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她们都想要洗衣机。
03:41
They don't want to spend such这样 a large part部分 of their life
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她们不想花费她们一生中大部分时间
03:44
doing this hard work
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来做这个艰苦工作
03:46
with so relatively相对 low productivity生产率.
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却有如此低的生产力。
03:48
And there's nothing different不同 in their wish希望
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她们的愿望和
03:50
than it was for my grandma奶奶.
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我奶奶的愿望并无二致。
03:52
Look here, two generations ago in Sweden瑞典 --
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看这照片,在瑞典两代人以前--
03:55
picking选择 water from the stream,
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从河边取水,
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heating加热 with firewood and washing洗涤 like that.
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用木柴烧水,像那样手洗。
04:00
They want the washing洗涤 machine in exactly究竟 the same相同 way.
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她们完全想要同样的洗衣机。
04:03
But when I lecture演讲 to environmentally-concerned环保关注 students学生们,
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但当我给关注环保的学生讲课时,
04:06
they tell me, "No, everybody每个人 in the world世界 cannot不能 have cars汽车 and washing洗涤 machines."
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他们告诉我,“不,不会世上的每个人都有汽车和洗衣机。”
04:11
How can we tell this woman女人
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我们怎能告诉这位妇女
04:13
that she ain't going to have a washing洗涤 machine?
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她将不会拥有一台洗衣机呢?
04:15
And then I ask my students学生们,
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然后我问我的学生,
04:17
I've asked them -- over the last two years年份 I've asked,
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我一直问他们--在过去2年我一直问,
04:19
"How many许多 of you doesn't use a car汽车?"
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“你们当中谁不使用汽车?”
04:21
And some of them proudly傲然 raise提高 their hand
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他们中一些人自豪地高举起手
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and say, "I don't use a car汽车."
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说,“我不使用汽车。”
04:25
And then I put the really tough强硬 question:
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然后我提出了相当难的问题:
04:27
"How many许多 of you
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“你们当中谁会
04:29
hand-wash手洗 your jeans牛仔裤 and your bed sheets床单?"
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手洗你们的牛仔裤和床单?”
04:31
And no one raised上调 their hand.
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没人再举起手。
04:34
Even the hardcore铁杆 in the green绿色 movement运动
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甚至绿色运动中的中坚人士
04:37
use washing洗涤 machines.
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也使用洗衣机。
04:39
(Laughter笑声)
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(笑声)
04:43
So how come [this is] something that everyone大家 uses使用
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那么随之而来的是每个人使用洗衣机
04:45
and they think others其他 will not stop it? What is special特别 with this?
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大家认为别人不会不使用洗衣机;这有什么特别的吗?
04:48
I had to do an analysis分析 about the energy能源 used in the world世界.
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我不得不做了有关全球能源使用的一个分析。
04:51
Here we are.
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我们在这看到。
04:53
Look here, you see the seven billion十亿 people up there:
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看这个,这上面有70亿人口
04:55
the air空气 people, the wash people,
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航空线的人口,洗衣机线的人口,
04:57
the bulb灯泡 people and the fire people.
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电灯泡线的人口和用火烧水贫穷线的人口
05:00
One unit单元 like this
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这一个单位
05:02
is an energy能源 unit单元 of fossil化石 fuel汽油 --
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是指化石燃料的一个能源单位--
05:05
oil, coal煤炭 or gas加油站.
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如石油,煤炭或者汽油。
05:07
That's what most of electricity电力 and the energy能源 in the world世界 is.
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这也是全球大多数电器和能源所必需的燃料。
05:11
And it's 12 units单位 used in the entire整个 world世界,
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全世界使用了12单位能源,
05:14
and the richest首富 one billion十亿, they use six of them.
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最富有的10亿人,他们使用了其中六个单位能源。
05:17
Half of the energy能源 is used by one seventh第七 of the world's世界 population人口.
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世界人口的七分之一用了一半的能源。
05:20
And these ones那些 who have washing洗涤 machines,
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这些有洗衣机的人,
05:22
but not a house full充分 of other machines,
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但他们不是拥有满屋子各类的电器,
05:24
they use two.
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他们使用2个单位能源。
05:26
This group uses使用 three, one each.
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这组人使用3个单位能源,每10亿人用1个单位能源。
05:28
And they also have electricity电力.
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他们也有了电器。
05:30
And over there they don't even use one each.
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在那边,他们甚至都用不到1个单位能源。
05:33
That makes品牌 12 of them.
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这总共是12个单位能源。
05:35
But the main主要 concern关心
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但主要的关注
05:37
for the environmentally-interested环保感兴趣 students学生们 -- and they are right --
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对于环保感兴趣的学生来说--他们是对的--
05:40
is about the future未来.
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是关于未来。
05:42
What are the trends趋势? If we just prolong延长 the trends趋势,
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趋势是什么?如果我们只是延伸这趋势,
05:45
without any real真实 advanced高级 analysis分析, to 2050,
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不带有任何实际高级分析,到2050年,
05:48
there are two things that can increase增加 the energy能源 use.
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增加能源使用的是2件事。
05:51
First, population人口 growth发展.
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第一,人口增长。
05:53
Second第二, economic经济 growth发展.
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第二,经济增长。
05:55
Population人口 growth发展 will mainly主要 occur发生 among其中 the poorest最穷 people here
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人口增长会主要发生在这儿最贫穷的人们身上,
05:58
because they have high child儿童 mortality死亡
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因为他们儿童死亡率很高
06:00
and they have many许多 children孩子 per woman女人.
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她们每个妇女才会有很多小孩。
06:02
And [with] that you will get two extra额外,
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因此我们会额外有20亿人口,
06:04
but that won't惯于 change更改 the energy能源 use very much.
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但这不会多少改变能源使用。
06:06
What will happen发生 is economic经济 growth发展.
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接下来发生的是经济增长。
06:09
The best最好 of here in the emerging新兴 economies经济 --
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在新兴经济体中这儿最强的经济体--
06:11
I call them the New East --
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我称他们为“新东方”--
06:13
they will jump the air空气 line线.
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他们会跨越到航空线。
06:15
"WoppWopp!" they will say.
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“Wopp!好极了”他们会说。
06:17
And they will start开始 to use as much as the Old West西 are doing already已经.
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他们会开始使用如同旧西方所消耗的同等量能源。
06:20
And these people, they want the washing洗涤 machine.
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这些人他们想要洗衣机。
06:23
I told you. They'll他们会 go there.
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我告诉你。他们会到这组。
06:25
And they will double their energy能源 use.
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他们会翻倍他们的能源使用量。
06:27
And we hope希望 that the poor较差的 people will get into the electric电动 light.
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我希望穷苦的人们会用上电灯泡。
06:30
And they'll他们会 get a two-child双童 family家庭 without a stop in population人口 growth发展.
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他们家庭会有2个孩子,这没有使人口增长率止步。
06:32
But the total energy能源 consumption消费
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但总能源消耗
06:34
will increase增加 to 22 units单位.
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会增加到22个单位。
06:36
And these 22 units单位 --
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这22单位里
06:39
still the richest首富 people use most of it.
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还是最有钱的人使用多数能源。
06:43
So what needs需求 to be doneDONE?
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那么需要做什么呢?
06:45
Because the risk风险,
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因为
06:47
the high probability可能性 of climate气候 change更改 is real真实.
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气候变化的危险可能性很高是真的。
06:50
It's real真实.
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这是真的。
06:52
Of course课程 they must必须 be more energy-efficient高效节能.
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当然他们必须在能源上更高效节能。
06:55
They must必须 change更改 behavior行为 in some way.
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他们必须在某种意义上要改变习惯。
06:57
They must必须 also start开始 to produce生产 green绿色 energy能源,
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他们也必须开始开发绿色能源,
06:59
much more green绿色 energy能源.
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越来越多的绿色能源。
07:01
But until直到 they have the same相同 energy能源 consumption消费 per person,
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但除非他们中每个人有和别组使用同等少的能源消耗时,
07:04
they shouldn't不能 give advice忠告 to others其他 --
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他们才可以给别组人提意见--
07:06
what to do and what not to do.
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什么该做,什么不该做。
07:08
(Applause掌声)
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(掌声)
07:10
Here we can get more green绿色 energy能源 all over.
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这儿我们到处能得到更多绿色能源。
07:14
This is what we hope希望 may可能 happen发生.
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这也是我们所希望发生的事。
07:16
It's a real真实 challenge挑战 in the future未来.
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在未来这是个实实在在的挑战。
07:19
But I can assure保证 you that this woman女人 in the favela贫民窟 in Rio里约热内卢,
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但我能向你保证这个在里约热内卢贫民窟的女性,
07:22
she wants a washing洗涤 machine.
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她想要洗衣机。
07:24
She's very happy快乐 about her minister部长 of energy能源
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她非常高兴,她们的能源部长
07:27
that provided提供 electricity电力 to everyone大家 --
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会给每一个人供电--
07:29
so happy快乐 that she even voted for her.
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以致于高兴地甚至给她投票。
07:32
And she became成为 Dilma迪尔玛 Rousseff罗塞芙,
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她就是迪尔玛·罗塞夫,
07:34
the president-elect当选总统
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她当选为
07:36
of one of the biggest最大 democracies民主 in the world世界 --
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全球最大的民主国家之一巴西的总统--
07:38
moving移动 from minister部长 of energy能源 to president主席.
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从能源部长升为总统。
07:41
If you have democracy民主,
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如果你给予民主,
07:43
people will vote投票 for washing洗涤 machines.
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人们就会为洗衣机选你。
07:45
They love them.
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他们喜爱洗衣机。
07:49
And what's the magic魔法 with them?
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这洗衣机的神奇功能是什么呢?
07:51
My mother母亲 explained解释 the magic魔法 with this machine
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我妈在那非常有意义的第一天就解释了
07:54
the very, very first day.
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这洗衣机的神奇之处。
07:56
She said, "Now Hans汉斯,
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她说,“现在汉斯,
07:58
we have loaded the laundry洗衣店.
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我们要洗衣服;
08:00
The machine will make the work.
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这洗衣机会派上用场。
08:02
And now we can go to the library图书馆."
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现在我们可以去图书馆了。”
08:04
Because this is the magic魔法:
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因为这就是神奇之处:
08:06
you load加载 the laundry洗衣店,
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你洗衣服,
08:08
and what do you get out of the machine?
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从洗衣机里你会得到什么呢?
08:10
You get books图书 out of the machines,
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从那里你得到了一些书,
08:13
children's儿童 books图书.
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儿童书。
08:15
And mother母亲 got time to read for me.
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我妈妈有时间就给我读书。
08:17
She loved喜爱 this. I got the "ABC's美国广播公司" --
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她喜欢这个。我有了“ABC”基础丛书。
08:19
this is where I started开始 my career事业 as a professor教授,
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这就是我职业生涯作为一个教授的开始,
08:22
when my mother母亲 had time to read for me.
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当我妈有时给我念书时。
08:24
And she also got books图书 for herself她自己.
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她自己也有书读。
08:26
She managed管理 to study研究 English英语
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她计划学习英语
08:28
and learn学习 that as a foreign国外 language语言.
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作为一种外语来学习。
08:30
And she read so many许多 novels小说,
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然后她读许多小说,
08:32
so many许多 different不同 novels小说 here.
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这儿有各种各样的小说。
08:35
And we really, we really loved喜爱 this machine.
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我们的确真地爱上了这个洗衣机。
08:39
And what we said, my mother母亲 and me,
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我们我妈和我想说的是,
08:42
"Thank you industrialization工业化.
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“感谢工业化。
08:45
Thank you steel mill.
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感谢钢铁厂。
08:47
Thank you power功率 station.
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感谢发电站。
08:49
And thank you chemical化学 processing处理 industry行业
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感谢化学加工工业
08:52
that gave us time to read books图书."
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给予我们时间用来阅读书本。”
08:54
Thank you very much.
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十分感谢。
08:56
(Applause掌声)
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(掌声)
Translated by Angelia King
Reviewed by Felix Chen

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ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Hans Rosling - Global health expert; data visionary
In Hans Rosling’s hands, data sings. Global trends in health and economics come to vivid life. And the big picture of global development—with some surprisingly good news—snaps into sharp focus.

Why you should listen

Even the most worldly and well-traveled among us have had their perspectives shifted by Hans Rosling. A professor of global health at Sweden's Karolinska Institute, his work focused on dispelling common myths about the so-called developing world, which (as he pointed out) is no longer worlds away from the West. In fact, most of the Third World is on the same trajectory toward health and prosperity, and many countries are moving twice as fast as the west did.

What set Rosling apart wasn't just his apt observations of broad social and economic trends, but the stunning way he presented them. Guaranteed: You've never seen data presented like this. A presentation that tracks global health and poverty trends should be, in a word: boring. But in Rosling's hands, data sings. Trends come to life. And the big picture — usually hazy at best — snaps into sharp focus.

Rosling's presentations were grounded in solid statistics (often drawn from United Nations and World Bank data), illustrated by the visualization software he developed. The animations transform development statistics into moving bubbles and flowing curves that make global trends clear, intuitive and even playful. During his legendary presentations, Rosling took this one step farther, narrating the animations with a sportscaster's flair.

Rosling developed the breakthrough software behind his visualizations through his nonprofit Gapminder, founded with his son and daughter-in-law. The free software — which can be loaded with any data — was purchased by Google in March 2007. (Rosling met the Google founders at TED.)

Rosling began his wide-ranging career as a physician, spending many years in rural Africa tracking a rare paralytic disease (which he named konzo) and discovering its cause: hunger and badly processed cassava. He co-founded Médecins sans Frontièrs (Doctors without Borders) Sweden, wrote a textbook on global health, and as a professor at the Karolinska Institut in Stockholm initiated key international research collaborations. He's also personally argued with many heads of state, including Fidel Castro.

Hans Rosling passed away in February 2017. He is greatly missed.


More profile about the speaker
Hans Rosling | Speaker | TED.com