ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Ron Gutman - Entrepreneur
Ron Gutman is the founder and former CEO of HealthTap, free mobile and online apps for health info. He's also the organizer of TEDxSiliconValley.

Why you should listen

Ron Gutman is the founder of HealthTap, free mobile and online apps for immediate access to relevant, reliable and trusted health answers and tips from a network of doctors. Before this, he founded and led an online consumer health company that developed the world's largest community of independent health writers; it was acquired in early 2009.

As a graduate student at Stanford, Gutman organized and led a multidisciplinary group of faculty and graduate students from the schools of Engineering, Medicine, Business, Psychology and Law to conduct research in personalized health and to design ways to help people live healthier, happier lives. He is an angel investor and advisor to health and technology companies such as Rock Health (the first Interactive Health Incubator) and Harvard Medical School's SMArt Initiative ("Substitutable Medical Apps, reusable technologies"). He's the organizer of TEDxSiliconValley.

Find links to all the studies that Gutman references in his talk right here >>

More profile about the speaker
Ron Gutman | Speaker | TED.com
TED2011

Ron Gutman: The hidden power of smiling

罗恩. 古特曼:微笑背后隐藏的力量

Filmed:
5,652,656 views

罗恩. 古特曼回顾了一大批关于微笑的研究,并发现了一些惊人的结果。你知道吗,微笑能够预测你的寿命有多长--微微的一笑能对你的幸福生活产生不小影响?请一边放松面部肌肉,一边深入了解这种传染性极高的行为。
- Entrepreneur
Ron Gutman is the founder and former CEO of HealthTap, free mobile and online apps for health info. He's also the organizer of TEDxSiliconValley. Full bio

Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.

00:15
When I was a child儿童, I always wanted to be a superhero超级英雄.
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小时候,我一直梦想成为一个超级英雄
00:18
I wanted to save保存 the world世界 and then make everyone大家 happy快乐.
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我想要拯救世界并让所有人快乐
00:21
But I knew知道 that I'd need superpowers超级大国
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但我知道我需要拥有超能力
00:23
to make my dreams come true真正.
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来实现梦想
00:25
So I used to embark从事 on these imaginary假想 journeys旅程
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于是我经常幻想
00:28
to find intergalactic星系间 objects对象 from planet行星 Krypton,
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在银河间寻找超人的故乡氪星
00:31
which哪一个 was a lot of fun开玩笑,
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这可有意思了
00:33
but didn't get much result结果.
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只不过一直没有找到
00:35
When I grew成长 up and realized实现
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长大以后,我才明白
00:37
that science科学 fiction小说 was not a good source资源 for superpowers超级大国,
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科幻小说并不是超能力的源头
00:40
I decided决定 instead代替 to embark从事 on a journey旅程 of real真实 science科学,
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我于是决定踏上真正的科学旅程
00:43
to find a more useful有用 truth真相.
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寻找更有意义的真相
00:45
I started开始 my journey旅程 in California加州
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加利福尼亚州是我旅程的起点
00:48
with a UCUC Berkeley伯克利 30-year-年 longitudinal study研究
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我学习了加州大学伯克利分校一项长达30年的研究
00:51
that examined检查 the photos相片 of students学生们
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这项研究对一本旧年册上学生的照片
00:53
in an old yearbook年鉴
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进行了分析
00:55
and tried试着 to measure测量 their success成功 and well-being福利
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试图对他们毕生的成功与幸福
00:57
throughout始终 their life.
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进行测量
00:59
By measuring测量 their student学生 smiles笑容,
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通过衡量学生的微笑
01:01
researchers研究人员 were able能够 to predict预测
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研究者们得以预测
01:03
how fulfilling履行 and long-lasting持久的
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一个研究对象的婚姻
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a subject's受试者 marriage婚姻 will be,
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持续时间与美满程度
01:08
how well she would score得分了
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她在幸福感标准考试中
01:10
on standardized标准化 tests测试 of well-being福利
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能够得多少分
01:12
and how inspiring鼓舞人心 she would be to others其他.
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以及她能给其他人带来多少启发
01:16
In another另一个 yearbook年鉴, I stumbled迷迷糊糊 upon Barry巴里 Obama's奥巴马 picture图片.
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在另一本年册, 我翻到了巴里.·奥巴马的照片
01:19
When I first saw his picture图片,
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第一眼看到这张照片时
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I thought that these superpowers超级大国 came来了 from his super collar.
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我以为他的超能力是来自于他超大的领子
01:25
But now I know it was all in his smile微笑.
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但是现在我知道其实是来自他的微笑
01:28
Another另一个 aha! moment时刻
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另一项令人顿悟的研究
01:30
came来了 from a 2010 Wayne韦恩 State University大学 research研究 project项目
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是由2010年韦恩州立大学进行的
01:33
that looked看着 into pre-1950s baseball棒球 cards
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这个项目研究了二十世纪五十年代前
01:36
of Major重大的 League联盟 players玩家.
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美国职业棒球联盟球员卡
01:38
The researchers研究人员 found发现
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这些研究者发现
01:40
that the span跨度 of a player's玩家 smile微笑
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一个球员笑脸的绽放程度
01:42
could actually其实 predict预测 the span跨度 of his life.
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能够预测其寿命的长短
01:45
Players玩家 who didn't smile微笑 in their pictures图片
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没有在照片上露出微笑的球员
01:48
lived生活 an average平均 of only 72.9 years年份,
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平均寿命只有72.9岁
01:51
where players玩家 with beaming聚束 smiles笑容
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而那些微笑的球员
01:53
lived生活 an average平均 of almost几乎 80 years年份.
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平均寿命将近80岁
01:56
(Laughter笑声)
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(众人笑)
01:58
The good news新闻 is that we're actually其实 born天生 smiling微笑.
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好消息是,我们天生就会微笑
02:01
Using运用 3D ultrasound超声 technology技术,
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通过三维超声波技术
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we can now see that developing发展 babies婴儿 appear出现 to smile微笑,
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我们可以看到,即使在子宫中,正在成形的胎儿
02:06
even in the womb子宫.
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似乎也是面带微笑的
02:08
When they're born天生,
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出生之后
02:10
babies婴儿 continue继续 to smile微笑 --
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他们还是带着微笑--
02:12
initially原来, mostly大多 in their sleep睡觉.
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他们大多在睡梦中微笑
02:14
And even blind babies婴儿 smile微笑
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失明的婴儿
02:16
to the sound声音 of the human人的 voice语音.
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听到人声时也会微笑
02:19
Smiling微笑 is one of the most basic基本, biologically-uniform生物制服
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微笑是全人类生理上最统一、
02:22
expressions表达式 of all humans人类.
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最基本的表情
02:24
In studies学习 conducted进行 in Papua巴布亚 New Guinea几内亚,
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在巴布亚新几内亚进行的一些研究中
02:26
Paul保罗 Ekman埃克曼,
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保罗. 艾克曼
02:28
the world's世界 most renowned闻名 researcher研究员 on facial面部 expressions表达式,
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世界上最知名的面部表情研究者
02:31
found发现 that even members会员 of the Fore前面 tribe部落,
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发现原始部落Fore的成员
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who were completely全然 disconnected断开的 from Western西 culture文化,
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虽然与西方文化相隔绝
02:37
and also known已知 for their unusual异常 cannibalism自相残杀 rituals仪式,
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并以其食人肉的宗教习性著称
02:41
attributed由于 smiles笑容 to descriptions说明 of situations情况
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但他们也像我们一样
02:44
the same相同 way you and I would.
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在不同场合下会露出微笑
02:46
So from Papua巴布亚 New Guinea几内亚
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从巴布亚新几内亚
02:49
to Hollywood好莱坞
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到好莱坞
02:51
all the way to modern现代 art艺术 in Beijing北京,
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再到北京的现代艺术
02:54
we smile微笑 often经常,
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我们经常微笑
02:56
and you smile微笑 to express表现 joy喜悦
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以微笑来表达
02:58
and satisfaction满意.
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喜悦美满之情
03:00
How many许多 people here in this room房间
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在座的各位
03:02
smile微笑 more than 20 times per day?
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有多少人每天微笑超过20次?
03:04
Raise提高 your hand if you do. Oh, wow.
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超过的请举手。哇
03:07
Outside of this room房间,
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在全世界
03:09
more than a third第三 of us smile微笑 more than 20 times per day,
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每天有超过三分之一的人每天微笑超过20次
03:12
whereas less than 14 percent百分 of us
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而每天微笑不足五次的人
03:15
smile微笑 less than five.
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占人口的14%
03:17
In fact事实, those with the most amazing惊人 superpowers超级大国
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实际上,拥有最多超能力的
03:20
are actually其实 children孩子,
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要数儿童
03:23
who smile微笑 as many许多 as 400 times per day.
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他们每天微笑约为400次
03:26
Have you ever wondered想知道 why being存在 around children孩子
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你有没有想过
03:28
who smile微笑 so frequently经常
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为什么与经常微笑的孩子们相处久了
03:30
makes品牌 you smile微笑 very often经常?
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你也变得爱笑了?
03:34
A recent最近 study研究 at Uppsala乌普萨拉 University大学 in Sweden瑞典
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瑞典乌普萨拉大学近期的一项研究
03:36
found发现 that it's very difficult to frown皱眉
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发现当人在微笑时
03:39
when looking at someone有人 who smiles笑容.
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很难同时皱起眉头
03:41
You ask, why?
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你可能会问为什么
03:43
Because smiling微笑 is evolutionarily进化 contagious传染性的,
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这是因为微笑的感染力极强
03:45
and it suppresses禁止显示 the control控制
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它主导了
03:47
we usually平时 have on our facial面部 muscles肌肉.
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我们对面部肌肉的控制
03:50
Mimicking模仿 a smile微笑
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对微笑进行模拟
03:52
and experiencing经历 it physically物理
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和物理测试
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help us understand理解 whether是否 our smile微笑 is fake or real真实,
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能够让我们分辨微笑是真是假
03:58
so we can understand理解 the emotional情绪化 state
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进而了解
04:00
of the smilersmiler.
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微笑者的情绪
04:02
In a recent最近 mimicking模仿 study研究
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法国克莱蒙费朗大学
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at the University大学 of Clermont-Ferrand克莱蒙费朗 in France法国,
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近期的一项模拟研究
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subjects主题 were asked to determine确定
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要求研究对象
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whether是否 a smile微笑 was real真实 or fake
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通过微笑肌肉
04:11
while holding保持 a pencil铅笔 in their mouth
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把一支铅笔含在嘴上
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to repress smiling微笑 muscles肌肉.
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以此判断微笑的真假
04:15
Without没有 the pencil铅笔, subjects主题 were excellent优秀 judges法官,
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在不含铅笔的情况下,研究对象都能够轻松做出判断
04:18
but with the pencil铅笔 in their mouth --
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担当他们含着铅笔时
04:20
when they could not mimic模仿者 the smile微笑 they saw --
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他们无法模仿眼前的微笑
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their judgment判断 was impaired受损.
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也就无法正确判断
04:25
(Laughter笑声)
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(笑声)
04:27
In addition加成 to theorizing理论化 on evolution演化 in "The Origin起源 of Species种类,"
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除了在《物种起源》中提出进化论
04:30
Charles查尔斯 Darwin达尔文 also wrote
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查尔斯. 达尔文
04:32
the facial面部 feedback反馈 response响应 theory理论.
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还提出了面部反馈理论
04:34
His theory理论 states状态
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这里理论提到
04:36
that the act法案 of smiling微笑 itself本身
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微笑这一行为
04:38
actually其实 makes品牌 us feel better --
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实际上能让我们的心情变得更好--
04:40
rather than smiling微笑 being存在 merely仅仅 a result结果
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而不仅仅是
04:42
of feeling感觉 good.
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心情好的产物
04:44
In his study研究,
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在他的研究中
04:46
Darwin达尔文 actually其实 cited引用 a French法国 neurologist神经学家, Guillaume纪尧姆 Duchenne杜兴,
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达尔文援引了法国神经学家Guillaume Duchenne的研究
04:49
who used electric电动 jolts颠簸 to facial面部 muscles肌肉
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他通过给面部肌肉做电颤刺激
04:52
to induce促使 and stimulate刺激 smiles笑容.
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来产生微笑
04:54
Please, don't try this at home.
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请不要在家里模仿
04:56
(Laughter笑声)
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(笑声)
04:58
In a related有关 German德语 study研究,
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德国一项相关研究中
05:00
researchers研究人员 used fMRI功能磁共振成像 imaging成像
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研究者们通过功能核磁共振成像
05:02
to measure测量 brain activity活动
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测量在微笑肌肉注射了肉毒杆菌前后
05:04
before and after injecting注射 Botox肉毒杆菌
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对大脑活动
05:07
to suppress压制 smiling微笑 muscles肌肉.
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进行测量
05:10
The finding发现 supported支持的 Darwin's达尔文 theory理论
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这个发现应证了达尔文的理论
05:12
by showing展示 that facial面部 feedback反馈
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表明面部反馈
05:14
modifies修改 the neural神经 processing处理
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控制了神经
05:16
of emotional情绪化 content内容 in the brain
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对大脑中情绪信息的处理
05:18
in a way that helps帮助 us feel better when we smile微笑.
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这就让我们在微笑时心情变得更好
05:22
Smiling微笑 stimulates提神 our brain reward奖励 mechanism机制
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微笑启动了我们大脑的奖励机制
05:24
in a way that even chocolate巧克力 --
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就像巧克力--
05:26
a well-regarded备受推崇 pleasure乐趣 inducer诱导 --
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这种公认的开心秘方--
05:29
cannot不能 match比赛.
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都不可比拟的
05:31
British英国的 researchers研究人员 found发现 that one smile微笑
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英国的研究人员发现
05:34
can generate生成 the same相同 level水平 of brain stimulation促进
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一个微笑能够带来
05:37
as up to 2,000 bars酒吧 of chocolate巧克力.
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相当于2000块巧克力产生的脑部刺激
05:40
(Laughter笑声)
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(笑声)
05:42
Wait. The same相同 study研究 found发现
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不仅如此,这项研究还发现
05:45
that smiling微笑 is as stimulating刺激
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微笑带来的刺激
05:47
as receiving接收 up to 16,000 pounds英镑 Sterling英镑 in cash现金.
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还相当于16000英镑现金产生的刺激
05:52
That's like 25 grand盛大 a smile微笑.
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每笑一次就相当于得到了25万美元
05:54
It's not bad.
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太值了
05:56
And think about it this way:
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我们这样想:
05:58
25,000 times 400 --
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25000乘以400--
06:00
quite相当 a few少数 kids孩子 out there
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那么世上该有多少孩子
06:02
feel like Mark标记 Zuckerberg扎克伯格 every一切 day.
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每天感觉自己是马克. 扎克伯格(Facebook创始人)啊!
06:05
And, unlike不像 lots of chocolate巧克力,
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而与巧克力不同
06:07
lots of smiling微笑 can actually其实 make you healthier健康.
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经常微笑能够让你变得更健康
06:10
Smiling微笑 can help reduce减少 the level水平
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微笑能够帮助降低
06:12
of stress-enhancing压力增强 hormones激素
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皮质醇,肾上腺素和多巴胺等
06:14
like cortisol皮质醇, adrenaline肾上腺素 and dopamine多巴胺,
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增压激素的水平
06:17
increase增加 the level水平 of mood-enhancing改善情绪 hormones激素
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提高内啡肽等
06:19
like endorphin内啡肽
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改善心情的激素水平
06:21
and reduce减少 overall总体 blood血液 pressure压力.
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并降低整体血压
06:23
And if that's not enough足够,
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如果这还不够
06:25
smiling微笑 can actually其实 make you look good
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微笑还能够让我们
06:27
in the eyes眼睛 of others其他.
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在其他人眼里更好看
06:29
A recent最近 study研究 at Penn佩恩 State University大学
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宾州州立大学近期一项研究
06:31
found发现 that when you smile微笑,
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发现微笑
06:33
you don't only appear出现 to be more likable讨人喜欢 and courteous有礼貌,
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不仅能让你更好看,更礼貌
06:36
but you actually其实 appear出现 to be more competent胜任.
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还能让你看起来更能干
06:40
So whenever每当 you want to look great and competent胜任,
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如果你希望自己看起来更棒更有能力
06:42
reduce减少 your stress强调
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减轻压力
06:44
or improve提高 your marriage婚姻,
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或改善你的婚姻
06:46
or feel as if you just had a whole整个 stack of high-quality高质量 chocolate巧克力 --
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或者感受吃了一大推巧克力后的快感--
06:49
without incurring引起 the caloric cost成本 --
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3000
而不用担心热量过多--
06:52
or as if you found发现 25 grand盛大 in a pocket口袋
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或体会你在多年未穿过的外套口袋里
06:54
of an old jacket夹克 you hadn't有没有 worn磨损的 for ages年龄,
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摸出了25万元时的狂喜
06:57
or whenever每当 you want to tap龙头 into a superpower超级大国
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还有你想要得到一些超能力的时候
07:01
that will help you and everyone大家 around you
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微笑能够帮助你以及身边所有人
07:04
live生活 a longer, healthier健康, happier幸福 life,
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活得更长,更健康,更幸福
07:07
smile微笑.
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笑一个吧
07:09
(Applause掌声)
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(掌声)
Translated by Lili Liang
Reviewed by Ralph Jin

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ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Ron Gutman - Entrepreneur
Ron Gutman is the founder and former CEO of HealthTap, free mobile and online apps for health info. He's also the organizer of TEDxSiliconValley.

Why you should listen

Ron Gutman is the founder of HealthTap, free mobile and online apps for immediate access to relevant, reliable and trusted health answers and tips from a network of doctors. Before this, he founded and led an online consumer health company that developed the world's largest community of independent health writers; it was acquired in early 2009.

As a graduate student at Stanford, Gutman organized and led a multidisciplinary group of faculty and graduate students from the schools of Engineering, Medicine, Business, Psychology and Law to conduct research in personalized health and to design ways to help people live healthier, happier lives. He is an angel investor and advisor to health and technology companies such as Rock Health (the first Interactive Health Incubator) and Harvard Medical School's SMArt Initiative ("Substitutable Medical Apps, reusable technologies"). He's the organizer of TEDxSiliconValley.

Find links to all the studies that Gutman references in his talk right here >>

More profile about the speaker
Ron Gutman | Speaker | TED.com