ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Alexander Tsiaras - Medical image maker
Using art and technology, Alexander Tsiaras visualizes the unseen human body.

Why you should listen

Alexander Tsiaras is an artist and technologist whose work explores the unseen human body, developing scientific visualization software to enable him to "paint" the human anatomy using volume data. He's the author of Body Voyage and co-author of Information Architects. Most recently, he is the author of From Conception to Birth: A Life Unfolds and The Architecture and Design of Man and Woman: The Marvel of the Human Body, Revealed.

His latest project is The Visual MD, an online compendium of health visualizations.

More profile about the speaker
Alexander Tsiaras | Speaker | TED.com
INK Conference

Alexander Tsiaras: Conception to birth -- visualized

亚历山大·席亚拉:自受孕至出生——可视化

Filmed:
7,405,500 views

图像制作家亚历山大·席亚拉分享一个强大的可视化的医学数据, 展现人类胎儿自受孕至分娩发育过程。(视频含有医学图片)
- Medical image maker
Using art and technology, Alexander Tsiaras visualizes the unseen human body. Full bio

Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.

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I was offered提供 a position位置 as associate关联 professor教授 of medicine医学
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我曾被耶鲁大学的医学系
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and chief首席 of scientific科学 visualization可视化
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提供了
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at Yale耶鲁 University大学
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一个副教授和
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in the department of medicine医学.
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科学可视化主任的职位
00:25
And my job工作 was to write many许多 of the algorithms算法 and code
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我的工作是为美国国家航天局NASA写
00:28
for NASANASA to do virtual虚拟 surgery手术
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帮助NASA做虚拟手术用的程序和算法
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in preparation制备 for the astronauts宇航员 going into deep spaceflight航天,
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虚拟手术用于为深空宇航飞行做准备的宇航员
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so they could be kept不停 in robotic机器人 pods.
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好把他们封在机器人一样的外壳里
00:35
One of the fascinating迷人 things about what we were actually其实 working加工 on
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我们工作中很吸引人的一件事就是
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is that we were seeing眼看, using运用 new kinds of scanning扫描 technologies技术,
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我们能利用最新的扫描科到
00:40
things that had just never been seen看到 before --
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看到从前根本无法看到的东西 ——
00:42
I mean, not only in disease疾病 management管理,
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我意思是,不只是病菌和疾病有关系的
00:44
but also things that allowed允许 us to see things about the body身体
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还可以看到
00:48
that just made制作 you marvel奇迹.
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令人惊叹的人体
00:51
I remember记得 one of the first times we were looking at collagen胶原.
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我记得有一次我们在研究胶原蛋白
00:54
And your entire整个 body身体, everything --
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整个人体,所有的东西
00:56
your hair头发, skin皮肤, bone, nails钉子 --
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你的头发、皮肤、骨头、指甲 ……
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everything is made制作 of collagen胶原.
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所有的东西都是胶原蛋白组成的。
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And it's a kind of rope-like绳状 structure结构体
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它是有绳子一样的结构
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that twirls萦绕 and swirls漩涡 like this.
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像这样拧来拧去的
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And the only place地点 that collagen胶原 changes变化 its structure结构体
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而胶原蛋白唯一改变结构的地方
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is in the cornea角膜 of your eye.
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就在眼角膜里。
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In your eye,
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在眼睛里
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it becomes a grid formation编队,
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它会变成一个网格结构
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and therefore因此, it becomes transparent透明, as opposed反对 to opaque不透明.
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而因此它就变透明了,而不是(犹如指甲般)半透明。
01:17
So perfectly完美 organized有组织的 a structure结构体,
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组织的如此完美的一个结构,
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it was hard not to attribute属性 divinity to it.
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很难不把这说成是神威所致
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Because we kept不停 on seeing眼看 this over and over and over again
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因为我们会一遍又一遍的不断看到这个(变化),
01:25
in different不同 parts部分 of the body身体.
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在身体各个不同的位置。
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One of the opportunities机会 I had
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我曾经有个机会
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was one person was working加工 on a really interesting有趣
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和另一位为美国国家卫生研究院
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micromagnetic微磁 resonance谐振 imaging成像 machine with the NIHNIH.
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研究微型磁共振成像机的人共事
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And what we were going to do
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我们要做的是
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was scan扫描 a new project项目
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利用这些新科技
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on the development发展 of the fetus胎儿 from conception概念 to birth分娩
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为一个关于胎儿发育的
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using运用 these kinds of new technologies技术.
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新项目做扫描
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So I wrote the algorithms算法 in code,
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我还是写我的算法和程序
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and he built内置 the hardware硬件 -- Paul保罗 Lauterbur劳特布尔 --
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而他,保罗·劳特伯尔,则负责硬件
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then went onto win赢得 the Nobel诺贝尔 Prize for inventing发明了 the MRIMRI.
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他的磁共振成像后来赢得了诺贝尔奖
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I got the data数据.
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我有那些数据
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And I'm going to show显示 you a sample样品 of the piece,
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我这就给大家看这研究的一个样片
01:55
"From Conception概念 to Birth分娩."
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“从受孕至出生”
01:57
(Music音乐)
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♫♪音乐♫
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Video视频 text文本: "From Conception概念 to Birth分娩"
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“从受孕至出生”
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Oocyte卵母细胞
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卵母细胞
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Sperm精子
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精子
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Egg Inseminated授精
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卵子被受精
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24 Hours小时: Baby's婴儿 first division
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第24个小时:婴儿“第一个分裂”
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The fertilized受精 ovum卵子 divides分歧 a few少数 hours小时 after fusion聚变 ...
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受精卵融合几个小时后开始分裂
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And divides分歧 anew重新 every一切 12 to 15 hours小时.
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差不多12至15小时分裂一次
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Early Embryo
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胚胎早期
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Yolk蛋黄 sack解雇 still feeding馈送 Baby宝宝.
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卵黄依然给予胚胎营养
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25 Days: Heart chamber developing发展
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第25天:心室正在发育
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32 Days: Arms武器 & hands are developing发展
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第32天:胳膊和手开始成型
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36 Days: Beginning开始 of the primitive原始 vertabraevertabrae
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第36天:原始脊椎出现
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These weeks are the period of the most rapid快速 development发展 of the fetus胎儿.
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这几个星期是胚胎发育最快的阶段
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If the fetus胎儿 continues继续 to grow增长 at this speed速度 for the entire整个 nine months个月,
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假设胎儿九个月都在以这个速度生长……
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it would be 1.5 tons at birth分娩.
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它将会以1.5吨的重量出生
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45 Days
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第45天
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Embryo's胚胎 heart is beating跳动 twice两次 as fast快速 as the mother's母亲.
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胎儿的心速是母亲的一倍
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51 Days
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第51天
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52 Days: Developing发展 retina视网膜, nose鼻子 and fingers手指
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第52天:发育中的视网膜,鼻子和手指
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The fetus'胎儿' continual持续 movement运动 in the womb子宫
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胎儿在子宫中不断地活动
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is necessary必要 for muscular肌肉发达 and skeletal骨骼 growth发展.
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有必要帮助肌肉及骨骼的生长
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12 Weeks: Indifferent冷漠 penis阴茎 --
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第12周:性别未分化的阴茎
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girl女孩 or boy男孩 yet然而 to be determined决心
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男孩女孩无法分辨
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8 Months
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八个月
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Delivery交货: the expulsion开除 stage阶段
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分娩:生产阶段
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The moment时刻 of birth分娩
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生命的奇迹
05:52
(Applause掌声)
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掌声
05:56
Alexander亚历山大 TsiarasTsiaras: Thank you.
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感谢大家
05:58
But as you can see,
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由此可见
06:00
when you actually其实 start开始 working加工 on this data数据,
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当你开始处理这些数据的时候
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it's pretty漂亮 spectacular壮观.
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其实是很壮观的
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And as we kept不停 on scanning扫描 more and more,
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当我们继续扫描
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working加工 on this project项目,
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做这个项目的时候
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looking at these two simple简单 cells细胞
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看到这两个很简单的细胞
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that have this kind of unbelievable难以置信的 machinery机械
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拥有这种难以置信的机械构造
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that will become成为 the magic魔法 of you.
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而这最终会变成一个人
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And as we kept不停 on working加工 on this data数据,
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当我们继续加工这数据
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looking at small clusters集群 of the body身体,
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看着身体的这些小小的部分
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these little pieces of tissue组织
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这一小团组织
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that were a trophoblast滋养 coming未来 off of a blastocyst胚泡,
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从怀胎分化出来的滋养细胞群
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all of a sudden突然 burrowing穴居 itself本身 into the side of the uterus子宫,
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转眼嵌入了子宫壁
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saying, "I'm here to stay."
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与子宫开始沟通
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All of a sudden突然 having conversation会话 and communications通讯
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与雌激素和孕酮沟通
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with the estrogens雌激素, the progesterones孕酮,
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说:我要留下
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saying, "I'm here to stay, plant me,"
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说:我要留在这,养育我
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building建造 this incredible难以置信 trilinear三线 fetus胎儿
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逐渐成为这个三胚层胚胎
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that becomes, within 44 days,
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在44天左右
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something that you can recognize认识,
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胚胎便可以辨认
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and then at nine weeks
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并在九周内
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is really kind of a little human人的 being存在.
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基本就变成一个小人
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The marvel奇迹 of this information信息:
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这信息令人超凡之处在于
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How do we actually其实 have this biological生物 mechanism机制
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人体内原有的
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inside our body身体
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生物机制是如何
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to actually其实 see this information信息?
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读出这些信息的?
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I'm going to show显示 you something pretty漂亮 unique独特.
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给你们看个很别致的东西
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Here's这里的 a human人的 heart at 25 [weeks].
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这是25周大胚胎的心脏
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It's just basically基本上 two strands.
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只有两根血管
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And like this magnificent华丽的 origami折纸,
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而就像一个壮观的折纸手工
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cells细胞 are developing发展
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在胚胎四周大时,细胞
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at one million百万 cells细胞 per second第二 at four weeks,
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会以每秒上千万的速度生长
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as it's just folding折页 on itself本身.
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就像折纸一样折叠自己
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Within five weeks, you can start开始 to see the early atrium中庭 and the early ventricles心室.
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五周大的胚胎,可以辨认出心房、心室
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Six weeks, these folds褶皱 are now beginning开始
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六周大,这些折叠便开始
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with the papilla乳头 on the inside of the heart
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和心脏内的乳头肌一起
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actually其实 being存在 able能够 to pull down
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能够拽下
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each one of those valves阀门 in your heart
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心脏内每个瓣膜
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until直到 you get a mature成熟 heart --
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直至心脏发育完毕
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and then basically基本上 the development发展 of the entire整个 human人的 body身体.
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——直至全身发育完止
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The magic魔法 of the mechanisms机制
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即便身为数学家的我
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inside each genetic遗传 structure结构体
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也要惊叹
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saying exactly究竟 where that nerve神经 cell细胞 should go --
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这里生物机制的魔法
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the complexity复杂 of these mathematical数学的 models楷模
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在每个基因结构内
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of how these things are indeed确实 doneDONE
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能准确指示每个细胞去哪里的机制
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are beyond human人的 comprehension理解.
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能解释这一过程的数学模型
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Even though虽然 I am a mathematician数学家,
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的复杂性
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I look at this with marvel奇迹
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远远超过人类的理解
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of how do these instruction指令 sets
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我迷惑这些指令
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not make these mistakes错误
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在我们形成的时候
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as they build建立 what is us?
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如何不出错?
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It's a mystery神秘, it's magic魔法, it's divinity.
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真神秘,简直不可思议
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Then you start开始 to take a look at adult成人 life.
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然后看看成人的生命
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Take a look at this little tuft of capillaries毛细血管.
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看看这一绺毛细血管
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It's just a tiny sub-substructure子子, microscopic显微.
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只是一个很小的,微观的结构
08:01
But basically基本上 by the time you're nine months个月 and you're given特定 birth分娩,
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但你九个月出生的时候
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you have almost几乎 60,000 miles英里 of vessels船只
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你体内已拥有
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inside your body身体.
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近六万英里(近九万六千公里)的血管
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I mean, and only one mile英里 is visible可见.
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只有一英里是可见的
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59,999 miles英里
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其他的59,999英里
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that are basically基本上 bringing使 nutrients营养成分 and taking服用 waste浪费 away.
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输送营养带走废物的血管
08:18
The complexity复杂 of building建造 that within a single system系统
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在一个独立系统内达到这种复杂程度
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is, again, beyond any comprehension理解
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重申一遍,是超乎理解的
08:22
or any existing现有 mathematics数学 today今天.
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超过现有任何的科学的可能性
08:24
And that instruction指令 set,
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从大脑到人体每个部位的
08:26
from the brain to every一切 other part部分 of the body身体 --
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复杂指令 看看这折叠有多复杂
08:28
look at the complexity复杂 of the folding折页.
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而身体从哪里得到
08:30
Where does this intelligence情报
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知道哪里折叠可以获得更多
08:32
of knowing会心 that a fold can actually其实 hold保持 more information信息,
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储存容量的智慧
08:34
so as you actually其实 watch the baby's宝宝 brain grow增长 --
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这也正是我们现在正在做的研究之一
08:37
and this is one of the things that we're doing right now.
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要从婴儿出生开始
08:39
We're actually其实 doing the launch发射 of two new studies学习
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每六个月一次,知道六岁为止
08:41
of actually其实 scanning扫描 babies'婴儿 brains大脑 from the moment时刻 they're born天生.
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扫描婴儿的大脑
08:44
Every一切 six months个月 until直到 they're six years年份 old --
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大约要扫描250名小孩
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we're going to be doing actually其实 to about 250 children孩子 --
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观察他们脑回和脑沟具体如何发展
08:49
watching观看 exactly究竟 how the gyri上回 and the sulci of the brains大脑 fold
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观察这个惊人的过程
08:52
to see how this magnificent华丽的 development发展
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是如何变成记忆
08:54
actually其实 turns into memories回忆 and the marvel奇迹 that is us.
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如何变成我们
08:57
And it's not just our own拥有 existence存在,
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而着奇迹不仅限于我们个人的存在
08:59
but how does the woman's女人的 body身体 understand理解
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女性的身体是如何知道
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to have genetic遗传 structure结构体 that not only builds建立 her own拥有,
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基因信息不仅需要制造自己
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but then has the understanding理解
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还要有足够理解
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that allows允许 her to become成为
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如何让自己变成
09:08
a walking步行 immunological免疫, cardiovascular心血管 system系统
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一个行走的免疫、心血管系统
09:11
that basically基本上 is a mobile移动 system系统
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一个可移动哺育系统
09:13
that can actually其实 nurture培育, treat对待 this child儿童 with a kind of marvel奇迹
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一个可以用超过我们理解能力的奇迹——
09:17
that is beyond, again, our comprehension理解 --
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来招待这个孩子的系统
09:20
the magic魔法 that is existence存在, that is us?
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一个存在奇迹。我们存在的奇迹。
09:23
Thank you.
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谢谢大家。
09:25
(Applause掌声)
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掌声
Translated by Carl Men
Reviewed by Guo Tang

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ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Alexander Tsiaras - Medical image maker
Using art and technology, Alexander Tsiaras visualizes the unseen human body.

Why you should listen

Alexander Tsiaras is an artist and technologist whose work explores the unseen human body, developing scientific visualization software to enable him to "paint" the human anatomy using volume data. He's the author of Body Voyage and co-author of Information Architects. Most recently, he is the author of From Conception to Birth: A Life Unfolds and The Architecture and Design of Man and Woman: The Marvel of the Human Body, Revealed.

His latest project is The Visual MD, an online compendium of health visualizations.

More profile about the speaker
Alexander Tsiaras | Speaker | TED.com