ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Jane Fonda - Actor and activist
Jane Fonda has had three extraordinary careers (so far): Oscar-winning actor, fitness guru, impassioned activist.

Why you should listen

Jane Fonda is an actor, author, producer and activist supporting environmental issues, peace and female empowerment. She founded the Georgia Campaign for Adolescent Pregnancy Prevention, and established the Jane Fonda Center for Adolescent Reproductive Health at  Emory. She cofounded the Women’s Media Center, and sits on the board of V-Day, a global effort to stop violence against women and girls.

Fonda's remarkable screen and stage career includes two Best Actress Oscars, an Emmy, a Tony Award nomination and an Honorary Palme d’Or from the Cannes Film Festival. Offstage, she revolutionized the fitness industry in the 1980s with Jane Fonda’s Workout — the all-time top-grossing home video. She has written a best-selling memoir, My Life So Far, and Prime Time, a comprehensive guide to living life to the fullest.

More profile about the speaker
Jane Fonda | Speaker | TED.com
TEDxWomen 2011

Jane Fonda: Life's third act

简・方达:生命的第三幕

Filmed:
2,712,903 views

这一代人的生命已经被延长了30年-这三十年并不仅仅是对生命的脚注或一种疾病。简・方达在TEDxWomen上提出了我们应当如何度过生命的这个新阶段。
- Actor and activist
Jane Fonda has had three extraordinary careers (so far): Oscar-winning actor, fitness guru, impassioned activist. Full bio

Double-click the English transcript below to play the video.

00:15
There have been many许多 revolutions革命
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上个世纪发生了很多种
00:17
over the last century世纪,
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变革,
00:19
but perhaps也许 none没有 as significant重大
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但没有一个如同寿命的变革一样
00:21
as the longevity长寿 revolution革命.
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具有深远意义。
00:24
We are living活的 on average平均 today今天
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今天我们比曾祖父辈的平均寿命
00:26
34 years年份 longer than our great-grandparents曾祖父母 did.
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要长34年。
00:29
Think about that.
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试想一下。
00:31
That's an entire整个 second第二 adult成人 lifetime一生
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这是在原先寿命上加上了
00:34
that's been added添加 to our lifespan寿命.
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整整第二个成年期的时间。
00:36
And yet然而, for the most part部分,
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但是,从很大程度上说,
00:38
our culture文化 has not come to terms条款 with what this means手段.
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我们的文化还没有与之相应地发展起来。
00:41
We're still living活的 with the old paradigm范例
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我们对年龄的理解
00:44
of age年龄 as an arch.
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还是限于旧时的年龄拱形图。
00:46
That's the metaphor隐喻, the old metaphor隐喻.
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这是老比喻了。
00:48
You're born天生, you peak at midlife中年
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人从出生,到中年达到黄金期
00:50
and decline下降 into decrepitude衰老.
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再到衰老。
00:52
(Laughter笑声)
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(笑声)
00:54
Age年龄 as pathology病理.
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年龄就是病理学。
00:56
But many许多 people today今天 --
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但是今天很多人-
00:58
philosophers哲学家, artists艺术家, doctors医生, scientists科学家们 --
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哲人、艺术家、医生还有科学家-
01:01
are taking服用 a new look at what I call the third第三 act法案,
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都再重新审视我称之为的第三幕,
01:04
the last three decades几十年 of life.
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生命中的最后三十年。
01:07
They realize实现 that this is actually其实 a developmental发展的 stage阶段 of life
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他们意识到这实际是生命的一个发展阶段
01:12
with its own拥有 significance意义 --
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有其自身意义-
01:14
as different不同 from midlife中年
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它与中年不一样
01:17
as adolescence青春期 is from childhood童年.
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就如同青春期和童年不一样。
01:20
And they are asking -- we should all be asking --
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他们在探寻-我们都应该探寻-
01:23
how do we use this time?
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该怎样利用这些时间?
01:26
How do we live生活 it successfully顺利?
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怎么才能成功地度过这段时间?
01:28
What is the appropriate适当 new metaphor隐喻
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什么才是对年老的
01:30
for aging老化?
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恰当比喻?
01:32
I've spent花费 the last year researching研究 and writing写作 about this subject学科.
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过去的一年里我一直在研究这个主题并展开相关的写作。
01:35
And I have come to find
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我发现了一个更加
01:37
that a more appropriate适当 metaphor隐喻 for aging老化
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适合年老的比喻
01:41
is a staircase楼梯 --
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就是楼梯-
01:43
the upward向上 ascension上升 of the human人的 spirit精神,
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人类精神的升华,
01:47
bringing使 us into wisdom智慧, wholeness整体性
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引领我们走向智慧、完整
01:49
and authenticity真伪.
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和真实。
01:51
Age年龄 not at all as pathology病理;
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年龄根本不是病理学;
01:53
age年龄 as potential潜在.
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年龄是潜力。
01:55
And guess猜测 what?
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并且怎么样呢?
01:57
This potential潜在 is not for the lucky幸运 few少数.
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这种潜力并不专属于幸运的少数人。
01:59
It turns out,
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相反,
02:01
most people over 50
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很多超过五十岁的人
02:03
feel better, are less stressed强调,
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感觉更好,压力更小,
02:05
are less hostile敌对, less anxious.
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感受到的敌意和焦虑更少。
02:07
We tend趋向 to see commonalities共性
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我们逐渐发现共同处
02:09
more than differences分歧.
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多于差异处。
02:11
Some of the studies学习 even say
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有些研究甚至表明
02:13
we're happier幸福.
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我们更快乐
02:15
This is not what I expected预期, trust相信 me.
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这不是我所预料的,真的。
02:17
I come from a long line线 of depressives抑郁症.
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我的生活里有太多压抑。
02:20
As I was approaching接近 my late晚了 40s,
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当我快到五十岁的时候,
02:22
when I would wake唤醒 up in the morning早上
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我每天早上醒过来
02:24
my first six thoughts思念 would all be negative.
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我脑子里的头六个想法都是负面的。
02:26
And I got scared害怕.
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我给吓坏了。
02:28
I thought, oh my gosh天哪.
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我想,天哪。
02:30
I'm going to become成为 a crotchety怪想 old lady淑女.
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我将变成一个古怪无常的老太太。
02:32
But now that I am actually其实 smack-dab嫌-DAB in the middle中间 of my own拥有 third第三 act法案,
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而我现在正处于我的人生第三幕,
02:36
I realize实现 I've never been happier幸福.
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我意识到我从未有现在这么开心。
02:39
I have such这样 a powerful强大 feeling感觉 of well-being福利.
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我感觉过得十分安康得乐。
02:44
And I've discovered发现
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我发现了
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that when you're inside oldness故乡,
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相对于外表的衰老,
02:48
as opposed反对 to looking at it from the outside,
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内心的老去,
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fear恐惧 subsides补贴.
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恐惧会平息。
02:52
You realize实现, you're still yourself你自己 --
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我们自己还是那个自己-
02:54
maybe even more so.
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也许更多。
02:56
Picasso毕加索 once一旦 said, "It takes a long time to become成为 young年轻."
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毕加索曾经说过:“要变年轻那可有得等。”
03:00
(Laughter笑声)
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(笑声)
03:02
I don't want to romanticize浪漫 aging老化.
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我不想美化衰老。
03:04
Obviously明显, there's no guarantee保证
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很显然没人能保证
03:06
that it can be a time of fruition享用 and growth发展.
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会是个开花结果的过程。
03:08
Some of it is a matter of luck运气.
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有时候就是运气的事儿。
03:10
Some of it, obviously明显, is genetic遗传.
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有时候是基因的事儿。
03:13
One third第三 of it, in fact事实, is genetic遗传.
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有三分之一,实际上,都是基因的关系。
03:15
And there isn't much we can do about that.
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而我们对此无能为力。
03:18
But that means手段 that two-thirds三分之二
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但这意味着在生命的第三幕
03:20
of how well we do in the third第三 act法案,
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对三分之二的人来说,
03:22
we can do something about.
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我们可以有所作为。
03:25
We're going to discuss讨论 what we can do
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以下我将就如何成功地度过
03:28
to make these added添加 years年份 really successful成功
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这些多出来的年头并使其有意义
03:31
and use them to make a difference区别.
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来讨论一下。
03:34
Now let me say something about the staircase楼梯,
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首先我先针对楼梯说两句,
03:36
which哪一个 may可能 seem似乎 like an odd metaphor隐喻 for seniors老年人
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这听上去象是个对老年人打的奇怪的比喻
03:40
given特定 the fact事实 that many许多 seniors老年人 are challenged挑战 by stairs楼梯.
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而对于很多老年人来说,楼梯确实个挑战。
03:43
(Laughter笑声)
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(笑声)
03:45
Myself included包括.
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我自己也是。
03:48
As you may可能 know,
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众所周知,
03:50
the entire整个 world世界 operates操作 on a universal普遍 law:
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整个世界有一个通行法则:
03:53
entropy, the second第二 law of thermodynamics热力学.
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熵,热力学的第二定律。
03:57
Entropy means手段 that everything in the world世界, everything,
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熵意味着世界上的一切事物,
04:00
is in a state of decline下降 and decay衰变,
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都处于衰退中,
04:02
the arch.
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也就是拱形。
04:04
There's only one exception例外 to this universal普遍 law,
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只有一个例外,
04:07
and that is the human人的 spirit精神,
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这就是人文精神,
04:09
which哪一个 can continue继续 to evolve发展 upwards向上 --
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它是持续增长的-
04:12
the staircase楼梯 --
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象楼梯一样-
04:14
bringing使 us into wholeness整体性,
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引领我们到达完整,
04:16
authenticity真伪 and wisdom智慧.
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真实和智慧。
04:19
And here's这里的 an example of what I mean.
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这有一个例子
04:21
This upward向上 ascension上升
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这种升华
04:23
can happen发生 even in the face面对 of extreme极端 physical物理 challenges挑战.
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就算是在身体面临极度挑战下也能发生。
04:27
About three years年份 ago,
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大概三年前,
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I read an article文章 in the New York纽约 Times.
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我在《纽约时报》上读到一篇文章。
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It was about a man named命名 Neil尼尔 Selinger泽林格 --
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是关于一个名叫尼尔・西令戈尔的--
04:33
57 years年份 old, a retired退休 lawyer律师 --
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57岁的退休律师--
04:36
who had joined加盟 the writers作家 group at Sarah莎拉 Lawrence劳伦斯
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他加入了萨拉劳伦斯的写作小组
04:39
where he found发现 his writer's作家 voice语音.
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在那里他找到了成为作家的感觉。
04:42
Two years年份 later后来,
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两年后,
04:44
he was diagnosed确诊 with ALSALS, commonly常用 known已知 as Lou Gehrig'sGehrig氏 disease疾病.
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他被诊断患有ALS,肌萎缩性侧索硬化症。
04:47
It's a terrible可怕 disease疾病. It's fatal致命.
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这是个致命的可怕疾病。
04:50
It wastes废物 the body身体, but the mind心神 remains遗迹 intact完整.
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它摧毁身体,但精神世界却保持完好。
04:54
In this article文章, Mr先生. Selinger泽林格 wrote the following以下
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在这篇文章里,西令戈尔先生这样
04:57
to describe描述 what was happening事件 to him.
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描述他的故事。
05:00
And I quote引用,
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我引用,
05:03
"As my muscles肌肉 weakened减弱,
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“我的肌肉变的衰弱,
05:05
my writing写作 became成为 stronger.
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但写作能力却愈有力。
05:08
As I slowly慢慢地 lost丢失 my speech言语,
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我在慢慢地失去讲话的能力,
05:11
I gained获得 my voice语音.
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但却获得了声音。
05:14
As I diminished减少, I grew成长.
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我在消亡,但又成长。
05:16
As I lost丢失 so much,
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我失去了很多,
05:18
I finally最后 started开始 to find myself."
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但却开始发现自我。”
05:22
Neil尼尔 Selinger泽林格, to me,
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对我来说,尼尔・西令戈尔
05:24
is the embodiment实施例 of mounting安装 the staircase楼梯
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是攀登人生第三阶梯的
05:27
in his third第三 act法案.
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具体体现。
05:30
Now we're all born天生 with spirit精神, all of us,
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所有人的灵魂与生俱来,
05:32
but sometimes有时 it gets得到 tamped夯实 down
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但常常会受到生活中
05:35
beneath下面 the challenges挑战 of life,
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各种困难的打击,
05:37
violence暴力, abuse滥用, neglect忽略.
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比如暴力,虐待,无视。
05:40
Perhaps也许 our parents父母 suffered遭遇 from depression萧条.
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也许我们的父母正在受到抑郁症的困扰。
05:42
Perhaps也许 they weren't able能够 to love us
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或许他们不能在超出我们在这个世界的成就
05:44
beyond how we performed执行 in the world世界.
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来爱我们。
05:48
Perhaps也许 we still suffer遭受
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或许我们心灵中的创伤
05:50
from a psychic精神 pain疼痛, a wound伤口.
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仍在隐隐作痛。
05:52
Perhaps也许 we feel that many许多 of our relationships关系 have not had closure关闭.
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或许我们过往的感情很多是没有完结的故事。
05:56
And so we can feel unfinished未完成.
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因此我们觉得不完整。
06:00
Perhaps也许 the task任务 of the third第三 act法案
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也许人生第三幕的任务
06:03
is to finish up the task任务 of finishing精加工 ourselves我们自己.
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就是完成这些未完成的事。
06:08
For me, it began开始 as I was approaching接近 my third第三 act法案,
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我正在步入我的人生第三幕,
06:12
my 60th birthday生日.
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我的60岁生日。
06:14
How was I supposed应该 to live生活 it?
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我应该怎样度过?
06:16
What was I supposed应该 to accomplish完成 in this final最后 act法案?
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怎样完成这最后一幕?
06:19
And I realized实现 that, in order订购 to know where I was going,
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我意识到,要知道往哪里去,
06:23
I had to know where I'd been.
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必须先明白我从哪里来。
06:25
And so I went back
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于是我就回过头
06:27
and I studied研究 my first two acts行为,
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去探寻我人生的前两幕,
06:29
trying to see who I was then,
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去看看我曾是谁,
06:32
who I really was --
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正真的自己是什么样-
06:34
not who my parents父母 or other people told me I was,
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这个自己不是我的父母或别人告诉我的,
06:37
or treated治疗 me like I was.
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或他们对待我的样子。
06:39
But who was I? Who were my parents父母 --
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我是什么样的人?我的父母是什么样的-
06:41
not as parents父母, but as people?
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单纯从社会个体看他们的话?
06:44
Who were my grandparents祖父母?
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我的祖父母又是什么样?
06:46
How did they treat对待 my parents父母?
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他们是怎样对待我的父母的?
06:48
These kinds of things.
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此类的问题。
06:51
I discovered发现 a couple一对 of years年份 later后来
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几年后我才知道
06:54
that this process处理 that I had gone走了 through通过
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我所做的这个过程
06:57
is called by psychologists心理学家
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在心理学上叫做
06:59
"doing a life review评论."
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“生平回顾”。
07:01
And they say it can give new significance意义
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据说这能赋予一个人的生命
07:03
and clarity明晰 and meaning含义
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新的意义
07:05
to a person's人的 life.
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并是其变得明晰。
07:07
You may可能 discover发现, as I did,
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像我一样,也许你会发现,
07:10
that a lot of things that you used to think were your fault故障,
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很多你曾引以自咎的事,
07:13
a lot of things you used to think about yourself你自己,
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很多无法放下的事,
07:16
really had nothing to do with you.
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都不是你的问题。
07:19
It wasn't your fault故障; you're just fine.
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错不在你。
07:22
And you're able能够 to go back
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这样你就能
07:24
and forgive原谅 them
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原谅他们
07:26
and forgive原谅 yourself你自己.
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也原谅自己。
07:28
You're able能够 to free自由 yourself你自己
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把自己从过去的阴影中
07:31
from your past过去.
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释放出来。
07:33
You can work to change更改
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并尝试
07:35
your relationship关系 to your past过去.
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改变对待自身过去的态度。
07:37
Now while I was writing写作 about this,
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当我写下这些的时候,
07:39
I came来了 upon a book called "Man's人的 Search搜索 for Meaning含义"
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我想到了一本书《活出意义来》
07:42
by Viktor Frankl弗兰克尔.
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维克多・弗兰克尔所著。
07:44
Viktor Frankl弗兰克尔 was a German德语 psychiatrist心理医生
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他是名精神医师
07:47
who'd谁愿意 spent花费 five years年份 in a Nazi纳粹 concentration浓度 camp.
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在纳粹集中营里被关过5年。
07:50
And he wrote that, while he was in the camp,
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在集中营里他写道,
07:53
he could tell, should they ever be released发布,
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他知道,如果他们被释放的话,
07:57
which哪一个 of the people would be okay
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谁能平安度过
07:59
and which哪一个 would not.
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谁则不能。
08:01
And he wrote this:
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他写道:
08:06
"Everything you have in life can be taken采取 from you
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“生命中的一切都可能被剥夺
08:09
except one thing,
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只有一个例外,
08:11
your freedom自由 to choose选择
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那就是你可以决定
08:13
how you will respond响应
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怎样去应对
08:15
to the situation情况.
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面临的处境。
08:17
This is what determines确定
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这一点决定了
08:19
the quality质量 of the life we've我们已经 lived生活 --
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我们生命的质量-
08:21
not whether是否 we've我们已经 been rich丰富 or poor较差的,
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不在于贫富,
08:23
famous著名 or unknown未知,
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不在于名声,
08:25
healthy健康 or suffering痛苦.
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也不在于健康与否。
08:27
What determines确定 our quality质量 of life
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决定生命质量的
08:30
is how we relate涉及 to these realities现实,
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是我们怎样面对现实,
08:33
what kind of meaning含义 we assign分配 them,
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我们对现实的认知,
08:35
what kind of attitude态度 we cling依偎 to about them,
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面对现实的态度,
08:38
what state of mind心神 we allow允许 them to trigger触发."
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和我们由此生发的心境。”
08:42
Perhaps也许 the central中央 purpose目的 of the third第三 act法案
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也许生命第三幕的核心意义
08:45
is to go back and to try, if appropriate适当,
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就是回朔并尝试,
08:49
to change更改 our relationship关系
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修正自身对
08:51
to the past过去.
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过去的认识。
08:53
It turns out that cognitive认知 research研究 shows节目
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有认知研究显示
08:56
when we are able能够 to do this,
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当我们能做到这些时,
08:58
it manifests舱单 neurologically神经学 --
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这能在神经上反应出来-
09:01
neural神经 pathways途径 are created创建 in the brain.
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它能在大脑里创建神经通路。
09:04
You see, if you have, over time,
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如果你长时间,
09:06
reacted反应 negatively to past过去 events事件 and people,
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对过去或者别人持负面情绪,
09:09
neural神经 pathways途径 are laid铺设 down
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大脑中的化学信号和电信号
09:12
by chemical化学 and electrical电动 signals信号 that are sent发送 through通过 the brain.
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就会阻碍神经通路。
09:15
And over time, these neural神经 pathways途径 become成为 hardwired硬线,
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随着时间推移,这些神经通路就会固化,
09:18
they become成为 the norm规范 --
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最后就变成了模式-
09:20
even if it's bad for us
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这会给我们带来压力和焦虑
09:22
because it causes原因 us stress强调 and anxiety焦虑.
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对我们有害。
09:25
If however然而,
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但是
09:27
we can go back and alter改变 our relationship关系,
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如果我们能回头修正对过去的看法
09:31
re-vision再愿景 our relationship关系
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重建和自己过去的
09:33
to past过去 people and events事件,
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关系,
09:35
neural神经 pathways途径 can change更改.
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神经通路可以被改变。
09:37
And if we can maintain保持
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如果我们能保持对过去
09:39
the more positive feelings情怀 about the past过去,
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持积极的态度,
09:42
that becomes the new norm规范.
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这就会成为新的模式。
09:44
It's like resetting复位 a thermostat恒温器.
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这就像重新设置恒温器一样。
09:47
It's not having experiences经验
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这并不是去获得
09:50
that make us wise明智的,
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使人智慧的体验,
09:53
it's reflecting反映 on the experiences经验 that we've我们已经 had
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但是这反映出我们已经有了
09:57
that makes品牌 us wise明智的 --
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使自己变得智慧的体验-
09:59
and that helps帮助 us become成为 whole整个,
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从而使我们达到完整,
10:01
brings带来 wisdom智慧 and authenticity真伪.
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得到智慧和真实。
10:03
It helps帮助 us become成为 what we might威力 have been.
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这能帮我们实现曾经的理想。
10:07
Women妇女 start开始 off whole整个, don't we?
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女性都是完整地开始的,对吧?
10:09
I mean, as girls女孩, we start开始 off feisty易怒的 -- "Yeah, who says?"
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因为小女孩的时候我们都很强大--“是呀,谁说的?”
10:12
We have agency机构.
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我们精力旺盛。
10:14
We are the subjects主题 of our own拥有 lives生活.
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我们是自己的主人。
10:16
But very often经常,
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但常常,
10:18
many许多, if not most of us, when we hit击中 puberty青春期,
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很多人,不是大多数人,达到青春期后,
10:21
we start开始 worrying令人担忧 about fitting配件 in and being存在 popular流行.
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开始为形象和人气操心。
10:24
And we become成为 the subjects主题 and objects对象 of other people's人们 lives生活.
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为别人而生活。
10:28
But now, in our third第三 acts行为,
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但现在,在生命的第三幕,
10:31
it may可能 be possible可能
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我们也许有可能
10:33
for us to circle back to where we started开始
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回望过去
10:36
and know it for the first time.
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重新开始。
10:38
And if we can do that,
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如果我们能做到这一点,
10:41
it will not just be for ourselves我们自己.
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这不仅是对我们自己有益。
10:44
Older年长 women妇女
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老年女性
10:46
are the largest最大 demographic人口 in the world世界.
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是世界人口最大的一个组成。
10:48
If we can go back and redefine重新定义 ourselves我们自己
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如果我们能回到过去重新定义自己
10:51
and become成为 whole整个,
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变得完整,
10:53
this will create创建 a cultural文化 shift转移 in the world世界,
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这将在全球创造新的文化变革,
10:58
and it will give an example to younger更年轻 generations
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并给年轻一代树立榜样
11:01
so that they can reconceive重新设想 their own拥有 lifespan寿命.
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这样他们可以重新认知他们的生命。
11:04
Thank you very much.
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非常谢谢。
11:06
(Applause掌声)
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(掌声)
Translated by Chunxiang Qian
Reviewed by Xu (Jessica) Jiang

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ABOUT THE SPEAKER
Jane Fonda - Actor and activist
Jane Fonda has had three extraordinary careers (so far): Oscar-winning actor, fitness guru, impassioned activist.

Why you should listen

Jane Fonda is an actor, author, producer and activist supporting environmental issues, peace and female empowerment. She founded the Georgia Campaign for Adolescent Pregnancy Prevention, and established the Jane Fonda Center for Adolescent Reproductive Health at  Emory. She cofounded the Women’s Media Center, and sits on the board of V-Day, a global effort to stop violence against women and girls.

Fonda's remarkable screen and stage career includes two Best Actress Oscars, an Emmy, a Tony Award nomination and an Honorary Palme d’Or from the Cannes Film Festival. Offstage, she revolutionized the fitness industry in the 1980s with Jane Fonda’s Workout — the all-time top-grossing home video. She has written a best-selling memoir, My Life So Far, and Prime Time, a comprehensive guide to living life to the fullest.

More profile about the speaker
Jane Fonda | Speaker | TED.com